add ball throw mechanic

Fix iOS battle HUD

.gitignore

@@ -5,3 +5,43 @@ __pycache__/
 
 # agent worktrees and local scratch
 .claude/
+
+# ------- Pokemon Stadium data
+#
+# NONE OF THIS SHIPS, and none of it is in the repository. The battle models
+# are Pokemon Stadium's own data: what the mod carries is the READER for them
+# (lib/StadiumRom, StadiumFragment, StadiumFx, StadiumBuild) and the player
+# supplies the cartridge, exactly as this engine already asks them to supply
+# the Game Boy ROM it is a recompilation of.
+#
+# So the ROM itself, everything model_extract/pipeline extracts out of it, and
+# the packs tools/stadium_pack.py builds from those are all ignored. What IS
+# tracked is the pipeline, the notes, and the two READMEs that say where to
+# put a ROM.
+#
+# At runtime the packs are built on the player's own machine, on first run,
+# into the save directory -- never into the mod folder (see StadiumInstall).
+
+# the cartridge, wherever it is dropped, and the checksum note that comes
+# with one. The Zone.Identifier pattern has no colon in it on purpose: it is
+# an NTFS alternate data stream, and the separator reaches git as U+F03A
+# rather than as ':' -- so matching on the suffix alone is what actually works
+*.z64
+*.n64
+*.v64
+*Zone.Identifier
+model_extract/baseroms/**/checksum.md5
+
+# everything the pipeline extracts from it
+model_extract/glb/
+model_extract/js/
+model_extract/textures/
+model_extract/manifest.json
+model_extract/moves.json
+model_extract/viewer.html
+
+# and the packed models built from those -- the local oracle the Lua
+# extractor is diffed against (tests/stadium_extract_test.lua), rebuilt with
+# tools/stadium_pack.py whenever it is wanted
+assets/stadium/
+pocket-voxel/

.modkitignore

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 # The SDK suite and the probes it grew out of. A shipped test that requires
 # an engine module reads as a private require against the archive
 # (CONTRIBUTING-mods.md "What the PR must contain", 2).
+tests/arena_config.lua
+tests/arena_editor.lua
 tests/arena_pick.lua
 tests/battle_shots.lua
 tests/dramatic_shape_test.lua

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,737 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## 1.8.0
+
+### Added
+
+- **LET'S GO: Pokemon GO-style catching, staged in the 3D battle.** A new
+  three-rung row. CATCH ONLY changes nothing about the game except the
+  throw: picking a Poke/Great/Ultra/Master Ball in a wild battle (or the
+  BALL row of the safari menu) opens capture mode instead of the automatic
+  toss. FULL makes wild encounters the real Let's Go article: the
+  encounter IS the catch -- it opens in throwing mode and stays there,
+  the foe never takes a turn, your own Pokemon is never sent out or
+  shown (no back pic, no model, no HUD), and B runs, which from a catch
+  encounter always works. Poke/Great/Ultra Balls are half price at every
+  mart, and EXPERIENCE works the way that game's does: every healthy
+  party member gains from every catch AND every trainer knockout, each
+  one measured against its OWN level through the Gen VII scaled formula
+  -- which is why Let's Go ships no EXP.ALL, and why a level 5 party
+  member takes several times what a level 45 one does from the very same
+  fight. A catch adds the throw stack on top: grade, first ball of the
+  encounter, new species, and a persistent catch combo. CATCH ONLY
+  leaves experience exactly as the original game had it.
+
+  **The throw.** The camera locks HEAD ON with the wild Pokemon -- its
+  own seat on the arena's axis, no drift, no steer -- and a real 3D Poke
+  Ball (modelled and animated for this: hinged lid, capture beam,
+  squash-click, decaying wobble, caught stars, breakout burst; GREAT
+  blue, ULTRA's yellow band, MASTER purple, SAFARI olive) hangs at the
+  bottom of the frame. The ball rides UNDER the finger -- mouse, touch,
+  or the right stick -- and releasing throws it with the swipe's own
+  velocity: forward from how hard, height from its rise, side from its
+  slant, gravity and collision deciding the rest, with a bearing-and-
+  range assist trimming honest errors. Circling the ball WINDS it -- the
+  spin visibly builds with the gesture to a cap and bleeds off when the
+  hand pauses -- and only a ball at the cap flies with the late-biting
+  curve. Contact is against the creature's own GEOMETRY: a pic foe is
+  its sprite's opaque pixels (a ball through the gap under a wing flies
+  on), a STADIUM foe its model's measured height, girth and hover. The
+  timing ring pulses on the creature, coloured by the Gen 1 odds, and is
+  judged AT the moment of contact: inside earns NICE / GREAT /
+  EXCELLENT, which multiplies the engine's own Gen 1 catch roll; the
+  shakes the roll answers are the rocks the ball plays on the ground.
+
+  **What it stands on.** The outcome is exactly a Gen 1 ball throw: same
+  catch math (status, HP and ball factors intact), same outcome texts,
+  same caught flow -- dex page, nickname, box overflow -- and a missed
+  ball is a spent ball. Outside FULL, a failed throw still costs the
+  turn it always did. Needs the staged 3D battle standing (3D-BTL on, a
+  depth-capable driver, no headset); anywhere it cannot stand, balls
+  quietly take the engine's classic toss.
+
+## 1.7.1
+
+### Added
+
+- **RENDER DIST: stop drawing the map you cannot see.** The orbit rungs now
+  cut the world to the ground the camera actually frames, so a connected
+  map that falls entirely outside it is skipped before it is drawn --
+  terrain, water, grass, flowers and its whole shadow pass. At the high
+  rungs, where the camera is nearly overhead, that is most of the frame's
+  geometry never submitted.
+
+  **The footprint is not the window.** Tilt the camera and the ground it
+  frames stops being the flat game's own rectangle and becomes a
+  trapezoid: reaching much further north, flaring much wider out there,
+  and pulling in at the near edge. At 35 degrees a 320x288 view reaches
+  270 world pixels north where the window reaches 144, and 246 to each
+  side where the window reaches 160 -- so a window-sized cut takes a bite
+  out of a world plainly on screen, with sky showing through the top and
+  both sides. It is derived from the orbit's own basis rather than guessed
+  -- the frame's corner rays dropped on the ground plane, in closed form,
+  cross-checked against a ray cast in the suite -- and the stored
+  rectangle sits north of the view centre, because the trapezoid does.
+
+  **The row is a real render distance at 75.** Past about 63 degrees
+  (exactly `atan(2*FOCAL)`) the horizon is inside the frame and "all the
+  ground on screen" is an infinite answer, so something has to name a
+  distance. FIT is the closest of the four, WIDE through WIDEST push the
+  world's edge out, OFF stops cutting. Below that pitch the honest
+  footprint is already inside the reach and the row does nothing to the
+  picture at all.
+
+  The cut reaches the shader as the same box the headset's DIORAMA uses --
+  rectangular now, with two half-extents, and the diorama passes the same
+  number twice. Under V-CURVE the rim dissolves rather than cutting,
+  because a bent world has no straight sides. The sun and the eye ask the
+  same question about the same maps, so the light can never record a map
+  the camera did not draw.
+
+  Not on 1ST or 3RD -- the player is standing in the world there -- and
+  the box opens out and away over the rung tween rather than vanishing on
+  the frame the rung changed. FULL sets it to FIT.
+
+## 1.7.0
+
+### Added
+
+- **The DIORAMA modes: Kanto as a model you can pick up.** The VR row is a
+  ladder now -- OFF / STANDARD / DIORAMA / DIORAMA-MR. STANDARD is what the
+  mod already did (the headset follows the VOXEL ladder, orbit rungs a
+  tabletop and 1ST life size). DIORAMA is one presentation instead of a
+  ladder: the world is always the model on the table, and the model is a
+  thing in the room.
+
+  Everything outside an invisible **box** centred on the view is simply
+  not drawn -- the Final Fantasy Tactics read, a square slab of the world
+  sitting in the air rather than a map running off to a horizon, cut with
+  a hard edge because a flat world is a thing with sides. The cut reaches
+  every pass the world is made of -- terrain, characters, grass, water and
+  the forest's beams and motes.
+
+  **V-CURVE changes its shape.** With the bend on the world is not flat any
+  more -- it is a little globe curling away over its own horizon -- and a
+  square cut through that is a lie about what is being looked at. So the
+  box becomes a **ball**, and its edge becomes a **gradient** dissolving
+  into the sky (the same sky the flat screen has). One click of the left
+  stick throws the row and swaps the whole reading of the model.
+
+  **A staged fight** ignores both shapes and cuts a vertical **pillar**
+  about the arena, always dissolved at the rim, framing the model to it:
+  the fight lifted out of the map as a floating disc.
+
+  **The grips** take hold of the whole thing: one hand carries the model
+  anywhere in the room, both hands turn it and open the viewport out to
+  whatever you spread your hands to. The **left stick's click** throws
+  V-CURVE to its top rung and back rather than stepping views -- there is
+  no 2D diorama and no first-person one, so the ladder is held on an orbit
+  rung for as long as the mode runs, and the Pokedex stays away.
+
+  **DIORAMA-MR** is the same mode with the background keyed pure green --
+  no bands, no sun, no haze, because every one of those is a colour a
+  keyer would have to survive -- for a mixed-reality capture that
+  composites the model into the player's own room.
+
+  A save that stored the old VR toggle as `true` comes back on STANDARD
+  rather than falling to OFF. The viewport is compiled into the scene
+  shader as its own variant, so a flat frame -- and a phone above all --
+  builds and binds exactly what it always did.
+
+## 1.6.2
+
+### Added
+
+- **The air of Viridian Forest: volumetric god rays, ground fog, and a
+  FOREST FX row.** An invisible jungle canopy now hangs above the forest's
+  real trees, and light comes down through it as true volumetric beams: a
+  per-pixel march reads the frame's own depth buffer and the sun's own
+  shadow map, so shafts stand exactly where light really breaks between
+  the tree hulls, trunks and passing characters carve dark columns
+  through them, and a wind-blown leaf field at the canopy plane opens and
+  closes the beams like foliage moving overhead. The beams are alpha zero
+  at the canopy and fade in as they descend -- light below the leaves,
+  never a lid above them -- and a forward-scattering term blooms them for
+  a camera looking up into the light, first person especially.
+
+  The scene shader gains a height-and-distance fog every surface sinks
+  into, and the rays are that fog lit: one shared ramp off the day/night
+  clock colours both, gold spears of sun by day, silver moon rays after
+  dark, dying back through the twilights as one hands over to the other.
+  Pollen drifts through the day's beams and fireflies blink low over the
+  floor at night, all shader-animated and deterministic. A fight staged
+  on the forest floor sits in the same haze at half density.
+
+  The direction never moves: a canopy map's light is pinned to noon (see
+  DayNight.CANOPY), so the beams always agree with the shadows on the
+  floor. Everything is authored per map in `data/map_atmosphere.lua` --
+  a map with no entry spends nothing -- and the **FOREST FX** row (FULL /
+  LOW / OFF, FULL by default) governs the cost: LOW halves the march and
+  stands the particles down. On Android the row offers LOW / OFF only --
+  no mobile driver grants the readable depth the march needs -- so the
+  forest keeps its haze there and loses the beams.
+
+## 1.6.1
+
+### Fixed
+
+- **Exeggutor, Tangela and Magmar stand as models in STADIUM battles, and
+  Pidgeot and Dodrio stop animating garbled.** Five species animate with
+  hermite keyframes rather than packed per-frame streams, and the extractor
+  read the animation flags byte from the wrong half of its u16 -- the half
+  that is always zero -- so it decoded their keyframe tables as streams.
+  For Exeggutor, Tangela and Magmar the result exploded so hard the packer
+  declined them to flat battle pics; Pidgeot and Dodrio stayed models but
+  played the garbage. All five now decode the way the game's own sampler
+  (src/17300.c) does, and no species is held off the field any more.
+
+  Model packs built by an older version of the mod are detected by a
+  revision stamp in the install marker and rebuilt from the ROM on the next
+  launch (or shadowed by a checkout's freshly packed set) rather than
+  trusted.
+
+## 1.6.0
+
+### Added
+
+- **STADIUM battles, and a disc stage: three new rungs on the 3D-BTL row.**
+  The row that used to read ON / OFF now reads **2D-3D A / 2D-3D B /
+  STADIUM A / STADIUM B / OFF**, which is two independent choices laid out
+  as one ladder -- WHAT is standing there, and WHERE:
+
+  |            | on the MAP  | on two DISCS |
+  | ---------- | ----------- | ------------ |
+  | **pics**   | 2D-3D A     | 2D-3D B      |
+  | **models** | STADIUM A   | STADIUM B    |
+
+  2D-3D A is what ON always was -- the fight staged on the map with the Game
+  Boy's own pics stood up on their tiles as quads. The STADIUM rungs keep
+  the whole staging and replace those quads with the **Pokemon Stadium
+  battle models**: all 151 species, skinned, lit and animated, playing the
+  animation the move being used actually calls for.
+
+  **A** stands the fight on the map, in the world's own light and weather.
+  **B** stands it on two discs against the sky and draws no map at all --
+  the Game Boy's own framing, staged rather than found.
+
+  All four combinations are reachable rather than only the diagonal. The
+  discs do not know what is on them -- they are two platforms at two cells,
+  drawn off the arena alone -- so **2D-3D B** costs one value on the ladder
+  and gives the disc framing to a player who has no Pokemon Stadium ROM and
+  would rather not go and find one. It needs nothing the base game did not
+  ship: the stage is generated in Lua and the Pokemon on it are the game's
+  own art.
+
+  B exists because the map does not always cooperate. Half of Kanto's
+  interiors are furniture, a cave floor can be nothing but two-cell
+  corridors, and some maps have nowhere a fight can be SEEN from a low
+  camera and are declined outright -- which drops the player back to the
+  flat battle screen with no warning. A carried stage has none of those
+  problems: it works on every map, at every step, and the framing is the
+  same every time. What it gives up is the thing A is for, which is
+  fighting somewhere real.
+
+  It is abstracted from the GROUND, not from the world. The sky behind the
+  discs is the hour's own -- gold at dusk, navy at midnight -- and a fight
+  in a cave or a shop is under that place's void and its own flat light, so
+  walking into Mt. Moon at night and starting a battle looks like Mt. Moon
+  at night.
+
+  The discs themselves are flat: one quad apiece, wearing a painted circle
+  that fades out at its rim, sized to the Pokemon standing on it. The fade
+  is an ordered dither baked into the texture's alpha rather than a smooth
+  ramp -- the scene shader discards under half alpha outright, so a ramp
+  would come out as a hard-edged circle -- which is the same trick the sky's
+  own bands use and reads as intended on a mode built out of visible texels.
+
+  Nothing else about the fight moves. The arena is picked the same way, the
+  camera is solved the same way, and the HUDs, the frosted text box, the
+  move animations and the depth of field are all exactly what 2D-3D draws
+  -- because every one of those is hung off the arena's CELLS rather than
+  off the pics. Swapping what stands on a cell changes nothing about where
+  the cell projects to, which is why this is a rung on the mode rather than
+  a second mode.
+
+  The animations are driven from the fight itself: a move plays the animation
+  that species' own battle table names for that move (the Stadium ROM's
+  per-species move table, packed into the assets, keyed by the same Gen 1
+  move id the engine's move defs already carry -- so DIG really does put
+  Diglett into the ground), fainting plays the faint and holds on its last
+  frame, and a send-out grows the Pokemon out of the ball as it opens and
+  plays the entrance with it. Between all of that, the standby loop. The eyes blink and go
+  dizzy on their own counter, which is a texture animation glTF has no
+  channel for and the pack carries anyway. Charmander's tail flame and
+  Weezing's gas are there too, drawn additively over the body.
+
+  The models go through the mod's OWN vertex format and shader rather than
+  a path of their own, which is what earns them everything the rest of the
+  diorama has: the depth buffer decides what is in front of what, the sun
+  pass throws a shadow of the actual pose, the hour's tint lands on them,
+  the hit flash flattens them and the tilt-shift and depth of field see
+  them as part of the picture. Skinning is done on the CPU -- these are
+  674-vertex models and exactly two are ever on screen -- and once per
+  frame, so the sun, the camera and both VR eyes draw the same posed mesh.
+
+  It declines per POKEMON rather than per battle: a species whose pack is
+  missing, a substitute doll, or the trainer's own pic before the send-out
+  all fall back to the flat card, on that side alone, with the other side
+  keeping its model.
+
+  Stored as new values on the same key, with 2D-3D A still first -- so a
+  save written before this update reads back as exactly the mode it was
+  written for.
+
+- **The models are built on your machine, from your own cartridge.** The
+  mod ships no Pokemon Stadium data and cannot: it is that game's. What it
+  ships is the READER.
+
+  **Press STADIUM ROM on the OPTIONS menu and pick the file.** The row opens
+  the host's own file dialog -- osascript on macOS, PowerShell's
+  OpenFileDialog on Windows, zenity then kdialog on Linux, which are the same
+  four the engine's own Game Boy importer uses -- and the models are built
+  from whatever comes back. `.z64`, `.n64` and `.v64` all work; the byte
+  order is detected. The row reads IMPORT before and READY after, and
+  pressing it again imports a different cartridge.
+
+  The ROM is **not kept**: it is read, built from, and forgotten. A Stadium
+  cartridge is 32 MB and the models built out of it are 34, so keeping both
+  would double the cost of the feature for a file with no further use -- the
+  marker still records its md5, so a swapped cartridge is noticed.
+
+  The wrong file is refused with a reason on the loading screen rather than
+  half-built, and refused BEFORE anything is written -- which matters more
+  than it sounds, because the marker is the only thing that makes 151 files
+  on disk count as installed, so a refusal that wrote one anyway would
+  uninstall a working set.
+
+  The original route still works everywhere, and is the answer on the
+  platforms with no dialog (Android; a Linux install with neither zenity nor
+  kdialog): drop a Pokemon Stadium (US) ROM into a `baseroms/` folder beside
+  the game, straight in it rather than in a revision subfolder under it, and
+  the first time it runs
+  the 151 battle models are built out of it on a loading screen, in about ten
+  seconds, one species a frame. The screen says what it is doing in those
+  words -- **ONE-TIME EXTRACTION OF STADIUM ASSETS** -- carries a progress bar
+  filled by species written rather than by elapsed time, and names the
+  Pokemon it is on, which is the difference between a bar that is trusted and
+  one that is suspected of having hung. After that they sit in
+  the save directory and are read like any other asset. Until then the two
+  STADIUM rungs simply are not on the row: they are skipped rather than
+  shown and refused, because a setting that can be selected and then does
+  nothing is indistinguishable from a broken mod.
+
+  This is the same arrangement the engine already has for the Game Boy ROM
+  it is a recompilation of, and it is why nothing ROM-derived is in this
+  repository.
+
+  Doing it needed the whole extraction pipeline in Lua: the archive and its
+  Yay0 streams (`StadiumRom`), a geo-layout walk and an F3DEX2 interpreter
+  with six texture codecs and a bit-packed animation sampler
+  (`StadiumFragment`), the generated flame and gas stand-ins (`StadiumFx`),
+  and the bind-pose measurement and packer (`StadiumBuild`).
+
+  **Pure Lua, and deliberately so: it runs anywhere LOVE does, phones
+  included.** No FFI, no native helper, no second process, nothing outside
+  the standard library and stock LOVE calls. On desktop it is about seven
+  seconds and peaks at 68 MB of Lua heap, 32 MB of which is the cartridge
+  itself; the working set does not grow across the run.
+  `tests/stadium_budget_test.lua` measures both and fails if either stops
+  being bounded, because a transient peak a desktop shrugs off is what gets
+  a process killed on a phone. On Android the save directory is the app's
+  external-files folder, so `baseroms/` there is reachable over USB or a
+  file manager without root.
+
+- **Acknowledgement for [pret/pokestadium](https://github.com/pret/pokestadium)**,
+  in README.md, model_extract/README.md and mod.card. The STADIUM extractor is
+  original code, but the decompilation is what it was written against -- the
+  bone matrix chain and the fact that scale is kept out of it, the rotation
+  basis, the animation and texture-animation samplers, the battle context
+  slots and the move-id constants all came from reading that project. None of
+  its code or data is vendored here or needed to run this, and the credit says
+  so as plainly as it says what was owed.
+
+- `tools/stadium_pack.py` now reads the ROM directly rather than a
+  pre-extracted tree, which makes it the ORACLE the Lua port is verified
+  against: `tests/stadium_extract_test.lua` runs both over the same
+  cartridge and requires all 151 packed files to come out **byte for byte
+  identical**. That is the only honest test of a port of that much numeric
+  code -- every rounding mode, iteration order and off-by-one shows up as a
+  differing byte, and there are thirty-four megabytes of them.
+
+- `ModSetting:setValue`, which sets a setting by its stored value rather
+  than by its place on the ladder, and `ModSetting:setGate`, which lets a
+  rung exist only when there is something behind it. 3D-BTL grew two rungs
+  in the middle of itself, and every caller that had counted to two would
+  otherwise have quietly meant something else afterwards.
+
+- `tests/stadium_shots.lua`, a shot driver for both rungs, with a control
+  mode and a pinned clock so two runs of it can be compared.
+
+- **`tests/stadium_anim_qa.lua`: every Pokemon, every animation, every
+  frame.** A battle asks a species for one of its animations and then poses,
+  skins, re-textures and draws it sixty times a second, and nothing exercised
+  that chain -- the pack probe reads the format and walks a bind pose, the
+  shot drivers show one species in one animation at a time. So the failures
+  only some species have had no way of being found except by a player calling
+  that Pokemon out, which is exactly how the eviction crash above was found.
+
+  This is that sweep, headless: the real StadiumPack, StadiumRig and
+  StadiumMon over stubs for the three things a graphics context provides, and
+  the stubs are not lenient -- a released object throws with LOVE's own
+  message, because a stub that quietly accepted one would hide the class of
+  bug the sweep exists to find. 151 species, 403,716 posed frames, 25
+  seconds. It also drives the state machine over all 165 move slots and
+  reproduces the cache eviction directly, which no amount of playing one
+  species' animations can reach.
+
+  What it found, and what happened to each:
+
+  | finding | count | outcome |
+  | --- | --- | --- |
+  | pack cache evicted a model still on the field | 2 | **fixed** -- see above |
+  | animation walks the Pokemon off its tile | 65 entrances, 36 hits, 35 faints | **fixed** -- see above |
+  | part has no texture | 104,728 | **not a defect.** 39 primitives across 37 species, 1.6% of the set's vertices, every one with all-zero UVs: they are flat-shaded geometry in the original. The pack stores texture indices one-based, so the packer's `0xFFFF` "untextured" sentinel arrives as 65,536 and resolves to nothing, which is correct. Counted rather than reported now |
+  | pose flies apart | 250 | **understood, left alone.** Two species in one animation each: Farfetch'd's entrance at 6.0x its bind height and Dewgong's at 6.1x, both just over the threshold, and both because the measurement is a bounding box that includes an authored trail -- Farfetch'd's is a dedicated 30-vertex primitive on a five-bone chain. The bodies are intact and, since the anchor, in frame |
+  | NaN or infinite vertex, rig would not build, loopStart out of range, missing aux animation, track indexed off its end, move slot with no animation | 0 | none |
+
+  The three species the packer already declines (Exeggutor, Tangela, Magmar)
+  are skipped rather than swept: they are never posed in a game, and sweeping
+  them anyway produced 356 of the 362 original "flies apart" findings.
+
+### Fixed
+
+- **Idle animations snapped, and then ran at half the frame rate.** Two
+  bugs with the same cause, fixed in opposite directions.
+
+  The animation streams are not keyframes: they carry one value per frame at
+  30 Hz and the game steps them. Blended naively against a 60 Hz camera
+  that produced the reported glitch -- Rattata's idle snapping almost upside
+  down for a frame, Charmander's arms turning inside out for a few --
+  because rotations here are **Euler triples**, and two triples can describe
+  nearly the same orientation while being nowhere near each other component
+  by component. `(0, 20976, 32736)` and `(0, -19936, -5904)` are a real
+  consecutive pair out of the set. Walking from one to the other passes
+  through orientations that are nothing like either end.
+
+  Dropping the blend fixed that and cost the smoothness: every pose then
+  held for two frames, and a set of models moving at half the rate of
+  everything around them reads as a stutter. So the blend is back, and the
+  snaps are **detected** rather than smoothed. A bone whose rotation moves
+  more than a quarter turn inside one 30 Hz frame is not being animated, it
+  is being re-expressed, and it holds its frame instead of blending -- all
+  three components together, because they are one rotation. The same guard
+  covers a translation that teleports more than half the Pokemon's own
+  height in a frame. Angles blend the short way round the +-pi seam, and
+  texture animations still step whole frames, because an eye is open or shut
+  and there is no halfway swap to draw.
+
+  Measured, not eyeballed: walking every species' standby loop in quarter
+  frames and differencing each bone's world origin against itself, the
+  number of species that jump more than a quarter of their own height in a
+  quarter frame goes **42 -> 11 -> 3**: naive blend, stepped, guarded blend.
+  The three that remain (Pidgeot, Dodrio, Grimer) have erratic rotation data
+  at source and are held rather than smoothed, which is exactly the guard
+  doing its job.
+
+- **Exeggutor, Tangela and Magmar are drawn as battle sprites instead of
+  models.** Those three come out of the ROM with standby loops that throw
+  bones hundreds of units off the body -- the game's own index arithmetic
+  evidently reads their channel streams differently from the way this does.
+  They used to stand still in their **bind pose** instead, on the reasoning
+  that a Pokemon looking like itself beats one coming apart.
+
+  It does, but only just: a bind pose is a rigging pose, not a portrait, and
+  three species holding a T-pose among a hundred and forty-eight that
+  breathe read as broken rather than as still. So they now decline the model
+  outright and the Game Boy's own battle pic stands on the tile instead --
+  the same per-Pokemon fallback a species with no pack at all already took,
+  in the same arena, under the same light.
+
+  Keyed on the packer's own measurement rather than on a list of dex
+  numbers, so a re-extraction that fixes those streams -- or breaks a fourth
+  species -- moves this with it.
+
+- **The eyes blinked several times a second.** A texture animation was
+  running on a clock of its own and wrapping on its own stream's length.
+  Rattata's standby loop is forty frames and its blink is five -- `6 8 7 8
+  6`, open through shut and back -- so that played it six times a second,
+  and every species with a short blink twitched the same way.
+
+  Two things were wrong, and the data says so plainly: 507 of the 691
+  animation/texture-animation pairs in the set are exactly the same length
+  as each other, which is what one shared frame counter looks like from the
+  outside. So the texture animation now rides the SKELETAL animation's own
+  frame, and it HOLDS its last entry past the end of its stream rather than
+  looping -- which is what the game's own sampler does (`func_80017540`).
+  Rattata now blinks once at the top of each idle loop and keeps its eyes
+  open for the other thirty-five frames.
+
+  The frame is not recomputed for the textures; `pose` stashes the one it
+  resolved and `textures` reads it, so the two cannot drift apart.
+
+- **The faint animation no longer plays while the HP bar is still
+  draining.** `onFaint` runs the instant HP reaches zero, but the engine
+  queues the visible collapse behind the move animation and the bar drain
+  -- and that drain takes real time, some two and a half seconds on a
+  full-health Pokemon. The model was therefore lying down while its own
+  health went on emptying above it.
+
+  The request is now recorded when HP hits zero and played when the bar
+  reaches zero, off the engine's own `shownHP` -- the same number the bar is
+  drawn from, so the two cannot drift. A faint that stops being owed in the
+  meantime (a revive, a battler replaced under us) is dropped rather than
+  fired late at whoever is standing there. Measured rather than eyeballed:
+  the shot driver's `DS_FAINT` case prints the frame the bar empties against
+  the frame the animation starts, and they are the same frame.
+
+- **Being hit played the ATTACK animation.** The context slot the mod called
+  `hit` is not a damage reaction: read against the move table, Bulbasaur's is a
+  95-frame animation that 66 of its moves play, and Pidgey's is 138 frames --
+  four and a half seconds -- shared by 111 of its moves. That is the species'
+  DEFAULT ATTACK, which is why taking damage looked exactly like swinging: it
+  was the swing. Slots 173, 178, 179, 180 and 181 all point at the same one.
+
+  Nor is a reaction hiding elsewhere. Exactly one animation per species is
+  claimed by no slot and no move, and it is the same length as that species'
+  idle for essentially all of them -- 48/48, 56/56, 60/60, 84/84 -- so it is a
+  second standby loop, not a recoil. **This set has no damage reaction in it.**
+
+  So damage now plays nothing and the Pokemon carries on with what it was
+  doing, which is what the engine already communicates through its own screen
+  flash, pic blink and HP drain. The slot is renamed `attack_default`
+  throughout (a label on a position -- the file format is the ORDER, so no
+  bytes changed), and the generic swing a move with no table entry falls back
+  to now uses it rather than resolving to the standby loop.
+
+- **The battle menu no longer changes colour with the scenery.** There was a
+  pass that measured each frosted panel's average brightness and flipped the
+  glyphs to white over a dark one, with hysteresis so a drifting camera could
+  not strobe them. It worked, and it was still wrong: the battle menu is the
+  part of the frame the player reads constantly, and having its colour depend
+  on where the camera happens to point makes it unreliable furniture. Gen 1's
+  battle ink is black, so it is black -- on a cave floor as much as on a
+  meadow -- and the panel's tint, which always pushes toward white, is what
+  earns it its contrast. Removing it also took out a one-pixel GPU readback
+  that ran several times a second to answer a question nothing asks any more.
+
+- **The required ROM is now named everywhere: Pokemon Stadium (US) 1.0.** It
+  always was the only one that works -- every offset in the reader was
+  measured against that cartridge -- but the docs and the file picker just
+  said "Pokemon Stadium (US)", which is three different ROMs. The picker's
+  title, the OPTIONS help, the README, mod.card and the manifest all name the
+  revision now, the README carries the reference md5
+  (`ed1378bc12115f71209a77844965ba50`) so a player can check their own file,
+  and a build from anything else says so on the loading screen as well as the
+  console rather than quietly producing wrong models.
+
+- **The extraction screen just says STADIUM EXTRACTION now**, with the
+  progress bar and the species name under it; the "this runs once" line is
+  gone.
+
+- **Pokemon now grow out of the ball, instead of appearing beside it.**
+  Measured, the send-out is: the ball is thrown, the POOF animation runs for
+  27 frames, and `startGrowIn` fires on the frame AFTER it ends. So the model
+  did not begin to exist until the ball had finished opening -- the ball came
+  apart, and then a Pokemon was switched on next to it.
+
+  The engine's own ramp is the Game Boy's three steps (0, 3/7, 5/7, full)
+  across the twelve frames after that, which on a 56-pixel sprite is a chunky
+  pop and on a smooth 3D model is just a pop.
+
+  The model now runs its own ramp, started when the POOF BEGINS and
+  continuous: it grows out of nothing while the ball is coming apart and
+  reaches full size exactly as the engine's own grow finishes -- 39 frames
+  end to end, which is the poof's 27 plus the engine's 12. Smoothstep rather
+  than linear or ease-out, because the ball is still opening through the first
+  half and a curve that was already near full size by then would have the
+  Pokemon standing about waiting for it. The entrance animation starts with
+  the grow, so the arrival is one performance rather than a grow followed by
+  a flourish.
+
+  Its own ramp OWNS the arrival once it starts: falling back to the engine's
+  afterwards shrank the Pokemon from 0.96 back to 0.71 and then snapped it to
+  full, because the two finish a few frames apart -- a visible hitch at the
+  end of the one animation that exists to not have one.
+
+- **The first Pokemon of a battle arrived, left, and arrived again.** Every
+  guard deciding whether the player's Pokemon is on the field is a field the
+  engine sets once the battle is RUNNING, and during the opening none of them
+  is set yet: `showPlayerBack` is still nil (BattleState assigns it further
+  in), `playerBackPic` is nil with it, and `sendingOut` does not go true until
+  the ball is thrown. So the whole intro read as "this Pokemon is standing on
+  the field" -- two and a half seconds of it, on its tile, playing its standby
+  loop, before the trainer sprite it is meant to be hiding behind had even
+  appeared. It then vanished when that sprite arrived and came back with its
+  entrance when the ball opened. A switch has no intro, which is why a switch
+  always looked right and was the thing worth comparing against. The player's
+  side is now simply not on the field during the intro phase.
+
+- **The anchor made birds shake, and the shake read as fast flapping.** The
+  body estimate it corrects toward was the MEDIAN bone origin -- robust to a
+  few bones flung out, which is what it was chosen for, and wrong in a way
+  that only shows on a flapping model: a median is a RANK, and on a bird most
+  of the skeleton is wing, so which bone sits at the middle of the sorted list
+  swaps between the up cluster and the down one every beat. Measured, the
+  estimate moved a tenth of a body-height between adjacent half-frames on
+  Pidgey and three whole body-heights on Pidgeot, and the anchor turned that
+  into a translation of the entire Pokemon -- the body counter-shaking against
+  its own wings, which reads as flapping at twice the real speed.
+
+  The centre is now the bone origins averaged and **weighted by how many
+  vertices each bone moves**. The weights are a property of the mesh, computed
+  once, so there is no rank to flip -- and a bone with little geometry barely
+  counts, which is the robustness the median was for in the first place
+  (Farfetch'd's trail is 30 vertices on five bones). On top of that the
+  correction is low-passed, so what survives is where the Pokemon has drifted
+  to and never how it is shaking on the way. Pidgey's shake goes from 0.24 to
+  **0.10 pixels a frame** on a fourteen-pixel model, and travel correction
+  improved with it.
+
+  Two species -- Pidgeot and Dodrio -- have standby loops with genuinely junk
+  rotation frames, which move the estimate three and two body-heights in a
+  single frame against a fifth of a body-height for the fastest real motion in
+  the set. No filter separates those: rate-limiting the correction bounded the
+  shake but put 33 of the 148 entrances back outside the frame, and
+  rate-limiting the measurement could not tell a spike from an excursion
+  because they are only a factor of fifteen apart. So each species' own
+  standby loop is walked once, at rig construction, and one whose estimate is
+  that unsteady is **not anchored at all**: it travels as far as its animation
+  says and does not vibrate, which is exactly how it behaved before the anchor
+  existed. One species trading a framing problem for no problem beats 147
+  trading a solved framing problem for a shake.
+
+- **A Pokemon calling out a fifth species killed every model in the fight.**
+  Reported as `Cannot use object after it has been released` out of
+  `Voxel3D.draw`, after which nothing 3D drew for the rest of the battle.
+
+  The pack cache holds four models and evicts the least recently *loaded* --
+  and `load` only runs when a side's species CHANGES, so a Pokemon that has
+  been standing there for a few turns is the oldest entry in the cache. Send
+  out a fifth species and it was evicted mid-fight and **its textures
+  released**, while it was still being drawn sixty times a second.
+
+  Two things were wrong. The eviction released each texture but left the dead
+  object in its slot -- and a released Image is still a truthy value, so the
+  next `image()` handed the corpse straight back out to `mesh:setTexture`.
+  Slots are now cleared, so an evicted model simply decodes its textures
+  again. And the mode now says, every frame, which two species are actually
+  standing there (`StadiumPack.keep`), so the two in use are always the two
+  most recent and cannot reach the front of the queue at all.
+
+- **And a model that does fail now fails gracefully.** Both draws were a bare
+  loop inside the caller's single pcall, so a throw on the first side skipped
+  the second -- one broken Pokemon took its opponent off the screen with it
+  -- and nothing recorded that it had happened, so the same throw came back
+  every frame forever. Each side is now drawn, cast and posed inside its own
+  guard, and a side that throws is RETIRED: its rig is released and
+  OverworldBattle renders its flat battle pic from the next frame on, which
+  is the fallback a species with no pack has always had. The fight carries on
+  with a flat Pokemon instead of a missing one, and its opponent is
+  untouched.
+
+- **Half the set's animations walked the Pokemon out of the shot.** Found by
+  the sweep below, not by a bug report, and it is the biggest of them: 65 of
+  the 148 send-out entrances carry the body more than its own height off the
+  spot it started on -- Dewgong's reaches seven and a half, and its faint
+  nearly ten. Every one returns to exactly where it began, because Pokemon
+  Stadium framed each Pokemon with a camera of its OWN that followed the
+  performance around a stage. This mode has one camera, solved to hold two
+  fixed map cells, so a Pokemon that travels seven body-heights is simply
+  gone: sending out a Farfetch'd left an empty tile for three and a half
+  seconds while its animation played somewhere off to the left of the frame.
+
+  `StadiumRig.anchor` now takes the excess back out -- the pose is measured
+  against where the bind pose put the body, and whatever has carried it
+  further than `StadiumMon.TRAVEL` (three quarters of a body-height, which is
+  what the frame holds) is subtracted from every bone. The EXCESS only: the
+  83 species that never reach the limit are bit-for-bit what they were, and a
+  lunge, a hop or a collapse still reads as big and still comes back to the
+  tile it left. The centre is the median bone origin rather than the mean or
+  the root, so Farfetch'd's five-bone trail streaking three thousand units
+  out cannot drag the bird with it.
+
+- **FLY and DIG now take the model off the field.** The charging turn of a
+  two-turn move puts the Pokemon out of reach, and the engine says so through
+  `picFx[battler].hidden` -- FLY runs `SE_SLIDE_MON_OFF` and DIG
+  `SE_SLIDE_MON_DOWN`, each a 19-24 frame slide that ends by setting that
+  flag, and the release turn puts the pic back. The model was reading
+  `fxHidden`, which is the damage BLINK and nothing else, so it stood on its
+  tile while the game insisted it was underground -- and insisted in the
+  strongest way it has, by making every attack aimed at it miss.
+
+  It now reads the same field the pic does, which also covers every other
+  vanishing act on that seam: the user of Explosion, a Pokemon Teleported
+  away. Read as the engine's own answer rather than as a list of move ids,
+  so a mod that adds a third two-turn move gets it for free.
+
+  It is deliberately NOT held to the end of its own animation the way a
+  collapse is. The Stadium animations are authored as the WHOLE move --
+  Charizard's DIG is 3.83 seconds of burrow, emerge and strike, because
+  Stadium plays it in one turn -- so cutting at the engine's own hide shows
+  the burrowing and holds the strike back for the turn it actually lands on.
+  Verified as a timeline (`DS_FLY`, and `DS_MOVE=DIG`): the pic hid at frame
+  67, the model went with it, and both came back at 264.
+
+- **And the faint animation now gets to finish.** A fainted Pokemon left the
+  field when its PIC did, and the engine's pic slide is fourteen frames of a
+  60 Hz clock -- `SlideDownFaintedMonPic`, seven rows two frames apart, under
+  a quarter of a second. The Stadium faint animations are nothing like that
+  short: the briefest in the set is 49 frames of a 30 Hz clock, the median is
+  110 and the longest 230. Every model was therefore cut off inside the first
+  fifth of its own collapse -- the Pokemon began to fall and then vanished
+  mid-fall, which is worse than not animating at all.
+
+  A model that is collapsing now stays until it has finished collapsing, and
+  the two timings are simply not tied to each other any more: how long a flat
+  pic takes to slide off the bottom of a 160x144 frame has nothing to say
+  about how long it takes a Gyarados to fall over. Bounded at both ends --
+  it ends when the animation does, so nothing is left lying on the field for
+  the rest of the fight, and the side is reset outright the moment a
+  different battler stands in that slot, which is what stops the next
+  Pokemon out of the ball arriving face down (that one bites when a trainer
+  leads with two of the same species, where the dex number never changes and
+  nothing downstream would otherwise notice the swap).
+
+  `DS_FAINT` now prints the span as well as the moment: 127 frames against
+  the pic's 14.
+
+- Two ordering bugs in the extraction pipeline that made its output
+  **non-reproducible**. The generated flame nodes were deduplicated through
+  a Python `set` of tuples containing strings, so their order moved with
+  `PYTHONHASHSEED` and Ponyta, Rapidash and Moltres got differently-seeded
+  flames on different runs of the same build; and texture registration
+  order came from iterating a `set` of ints, which is stable across runs
+  but is a CPython implementation detail rather than a fact about the data.
+  Both now go in order of appearance, which is the game's own order and the
+  one a Lua port can reproduce.
+
+### Changed
+
+- The packed format is now **DSM3**: textures are stored as raw RGBA rather
+  than PNG. An ImageData over those bytes costs nothing where a PNG costs a
+  decode on the frame a battle starts -- but the reason it was done is that
+  PNG means zlib, and Python's deflate and LOVE's need not agree byte for
+  byte, which would have made the extractor impossible to check against the
+  packer. Uncompressed pixels are the same pixels whoever wrote them. The
+  set is 34 MB rather than 24 MB, and it is generated locally rather than
+  shipped, so that is a trade worth making.
+
+### Known
+
+- Three species -- Exeggutor, Tangela and Magmar -- have standby loops that
+  are corrupt in the source extraction, and fall back to their battle
+  sprites on the STADIUM rungs (see above). 148 of the 151 have models.
+
+- Pidgeot, Dodrio and Grimer have a handful of erratic rotation frames in
+  their standby loops -- a few frames of junk at the top of the loop rather
+  than a corrupt stream. The blend guard holds those frames rather than
+  smoothing through them, so they step where the source steps, and Pidgeot
+  and Dodrio are additionally left unanchored because those frames move the
+  body estimate too far to measure against (see above). Not chased
+  further: the extraction is byte-identical to a reference pipeline whose
+  sampling was validated against the decompilation's own arithmetic, and
+  guessing at the format to fix three species risks the other 145.
+
 ## 1.5.5
 
 ### Added

LICENSE

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-MIT License
-
-Copyright (c) 2026 DramaticShape
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
-SOFTWARE.

README.md

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 # Dramatic Shape Voxel Mod
 
+Redistribution of non-derivative code is expressly prohibited after v1.6.0 without permission.
+
 A mod for the [Pokémon Gen 1 Recompilation
 Project](https://github.com/bryanthaboi/pokemon-gen1-recomp-project).
 
@@ -17,8 +19,9 @@ menu.
 | `SELECT` (pad / touch) | the same step as `3` — for the machines with no number row |
 | `5`, or the **V-GRID** options row | OFF / ON — a one-pixel wireframe on every voxel |
 | `6`, or the **T-SHIFT** options row | OFF → 1 → 2 → 3 → OFF (miniature blur) |
-| `7`, or the **V-CURVE** options row | OFF → 1 → 2 → 3 — bend the world over the horizon |
-| `8`, or the **3D-BTL** options row | ON / OFF — fight on the map instead of on a white field |
+| `7`, or the **V-CURVE** options row | OFF → 1 → 2 → 3 → 4 → 5 — bend the world over the horizon; 5 is a half sphere |
+| the **RENDER DIST** options row | FIT / WIDE / WIDER / WIDEST / OFF — how much of the map the camera bothers to draw. **FIT** is exactly the ground on screen and no more: the trapezoid a tilted camera really frames, which reaches well north of you and flares wide out there — not the square the flat game shows. A connected map falling entirely outside it is skipped before it is drawn, terrain, water, grass and shadows together, which is most of the frame's geometry at the high rungs. Below about 63° that is all the row does and the picture is untouched; at **75** the camera sees to the horizon, so something has to name a distance — FIT is the closest, the wider rungs push the world's edge out, **OFF** stops cutting. Not on **1ST** or **3RD**: you are standing in the world there, and the box opens out and away as the camera dives in. **FULL** sets it to FIT |
+| `8`, or the **3D-BTL** options row | 2D-3D A / 2D-3D B / STADIUM A / STADIUM B / OFF — fight in 3D instead of on a white field. **A** stages it on the map, **B** on two discs against the sky; **2D-3D** uses the game's own battle pics and **STADIUM** the Pokémon Stadium battle models |
 | `9`, or the **WATER** options row | FULL / SKY / OFF — waves and reflections on water. **SKY** gives the surface its pixel-tall wave columns and puts the sky, the sun, the moon and the cast in them; **FULL** adds a screen-space ray march that also reflects the shoreline, the trees and the buildings standing behind it |
 | the **BACK SPRITES** options row | OFF / ON — keep your own Pokémon on the battle menu, seen from behind in its classic slot, instead of standing it on the map; the foe is still out there. Only on the menu while **3D-BTL** is on, because it decides nothing without it |
 | the **AA** options row | OFF / 2X / 4X — smooth the stair-stepped edges of the 3D world by rendering the diorama larger than the window and folding it back down. The ladder is samples per display pixel: 2X is a canvas root-two wider and taller, 4X one exactly twice the size. Every edge in the projected picture softens with the silhouettes — the tileset's own texels are quads in a perspective view and cross the pixel grid at the same arbitrary angles — so the diorama reads smoother rather than sharper. The most expensive row in the mod, so it is OFF by default and **FULL** leaves it alone |
@@ -80,15 +83,148 @@ on the menu while the foe stands out on the map, and no angle holds a
 composition that is half frame and half world — so with it on, the shot holds
 the one the rig was solved for.
 
+## STADIUM battles
+
+The **3D-BTL** row has five rungs, which are two choices — what is standing
+there, and where:
+
+| rung | the fight |
+| --- | --- |
+| **2D-3D A** | staged on the map, with the Game Boy's own pics stood up on their tiles |
+| **2D-3D B** | those same pics on two discs against the sky, with no map drawn |
+| **STADIUM A** | staged on the map, with the Pokémon Stadium battle models |
+| **STADIUM B** | those models on the discs |
+| **OFF** | the engine's own battle screen |
+
+**A** is the map — real ground, in that place's own weather and light. **B**
+is the carried stage, which works everywhere, including the caves and shop
+floors that have nowhere to put a fight. Only the STADIUM rungs need a ROM;
+**2D-3D B** is generated in Lua and uses the game's own art.
+
+Skinned and animated, playing the animation the move being used actually
+calls for — the Stadium ROM's own per-species move table, so **DIG** really
+does put Diglett into the ground. Fainting plays the faint and holds there, a
+send-out grows the Pokémon out of the ball as it opens and plays the entrance,
+and between all of that the standby loop runs. Eyes blink and go dizzy;
+Charmander's tail flame and Weezing's gas are drawn over the body.
+
+Taking damage plays nothing, because the set has no damage reaction in it —
+the slot that looked like one is each species' default attack, which is why
+being hit used to look like swinging. The engine's own screen flash, pic blink
+and HP drain are what say "that hurt".
+
+148 of the 151 have models. Exeggutor, Tangela and Magmar come out of the ROM
+with corrupt standby loops and stand as their Game Boy battle sprites
+instead, on their own tile, in the same arena — the same per-Pokémon fallback
+a substitute doll and the pre-send-out trainer pic already take.
+
+**B is for the maps that cannot host a fight.** Half of Kanto's interiors are
+furniture, a cave floor can be nothing but corridors, and a map where neither
+Pokémon can be *seen* from a low camera is declined outright — which drops you
+back to the flat battle screen. B carries its stage, so it works everywhere
+and looks the same every time. It is abstracted from the ground, not from the
+world: the sky behind the discs is the hour's own, and a fight in a cave is
+under that cave's void and its own flat light.
+
+### Getting the models
+
+**They are not in this mod, and they cannot be** — they are Pokémon Stadium's
+data. What ships is the reader; you supply the cartridge, exactly as this
+engine already asks you to supply the Game Boy ROM it is a recompilation of.
+
+> **You must supply a Pokémon Stadium (US) 1.0 ROM.** Not Stadium 2, not
+> another region, not a later revision. Every offset in the reader was
+> measured against that one cartridge, and nothing else is promised: a
+> different file is either refused outright or builds models that are subtly
+> wrong. The mod checks, and says so — on the console, and on the loading
+> screen itself if it built from something unexpected.
+>
+> The reference dump is **md5 `ed1378bc12115f71209a77844965ba50`**, 32 MB.
+> The mod does not tell you where to get one, and none ships with it.
+
+1. Open **OPTIONS** and press the **STADIUM ROM** row. It opens your system's
+   file picker; choose your **Pokémon Stadium (US) 1.0** ROM. `.z64`, `.n64`
+   and `.v64` all work — the byte order is detected, and the wrong file is
+   refused with a reason rather than half-built.
+2. The 151 models are built on a loading screen that says so and shows a
+   progress bar, in about ten seconds. The row then reads **READY**.
+
+The ROM itself is **not kept** — it is read, built from, and forgotten, so
+the cartridge does not sit in your save directory alongside the models it
+produced. Press the row again any time to import a different one.
+
+There is no picker on Android, or on a Linux install with neither `zenity`
+nor `kdialog`. Those keep the original route, which still works everywhere:
+
+- Put the **US 1.0** ROM in a `baseroms/` folder beside the game — straight
+  in it, not in a subfolder — and start the game.
+- In a packaged build (and on Android) `baseroms/` goes in the save
+  directory; the mod logs the exact path on startup when it cannot find one.
+  On Android that is the app's external-files folder, reachable over USB or
+  any file manager without root.
+
+Either way, the two STADIUM rungs appear on the 3D-BTL row when it's done.
+
+The built models live in the save directory, not in the mod folder, and are
+rebuilt automatically if the format changes or the ROM does. Until they exist
+the STADIUM rungs are simply not on the row — skipped rather than shown and
+refused, because a setting you can select that then does nothing is worse than
+one that is not there.
+
+**This works on mobile.** The extraction is pure Lua — no FFI, no native
+helper, no second process — so it runs anywhere LÖVE does. It peaks at about
+68 MB of Lua heap (32 MB of that the cartridge itself) with a working set that
+does not grow across the run, and `tests/stadium_budget_test.lua` fails if
+either stops being true. On Android the save directory is the app's
+external-files folder, so `baseroms/` there is reachable over USB or a file
+manager without root; the build is slower than a desktop's ~7 s but runs one
+species a frame behind the progress bar either way.
+
+Developers can pre-build them with `tools/stadium_pack.py`, which reads the
+same ROM through `model_extract/pipeline`. That path is also the *oracle*:
+`tests/stadium_extract_test.lua` runs it and the in-game Lua extractor over
+the same cartridge and requires all 151 packed files to come out byte for byte
+identical.
+
 ## VR
 
-The **VR** options row (OFF / ON, off by default) drives a PCVR headset
-through OpenXR on Windows — SteamVR, Oculus or WMR.
+The **VR** options row (OFF / STANDARD / DIORAMA / DIORAMA-MR, off by
+default) drives a PCVR headset through OpenXR on Windows — SteamVR,
+Oculus or WMR.
 
-Both free-roam rungs put the headset in the player's *head*: a boom that
-seats its wearer three cells behind their own body is a reliable way to make
-people ill, so **3RD** in VR is **1ST** in VR. The rung still changes the
-walk and the sprites the same way.
+**STANDARD** follows the VOXEL ladder. Both free-roam rungs put the
+headset in the player's *head*: a boom that seats its wearer three cells
+behind their own body is a reliable way to make people ill, so **3RD** in
+VR is **1ST** in VR. The rung still changes the walk and the sprites the
+same way.
+
+### DIORAMA
+
+**DIORAMA** is one presentation instead of a ladder: the world is always a
+model on the table, and the model is a *thing in the room*.
+
+- **A viewport.** Everything outside an invisible **box** centred on the
+  view is not drawn — a square slab of Kanto sitting in the air rather
+  than a map running off to a horizon, cut with a hard edge, because a
+  flat world is a thing with sides and the sides are what say so. The sky
+  behind is the same one the flat screen has.
+- **V-CURVE changes its shape.** With the bend on the world is not flat
+  any more, and a square cut through a little globe is a lie about what is
+  being looked at — so the box becomes a **ball** whose rim is a
+  **gradient** dissolving into the sky. One click of the left stick throws
+  the row and swaps between the two readings of the same model.
+- **A staged fight** ignores both and cuts a vertical pillar about the
+  arena, always with the dissolved rim, which lifts the fight out of the
+  map as a floating disc.
+- **The grips** take hold of it: one hand carries the model anywhere in
+  the room, both hands turn it and open the viewport out to whatever you
+  spread your hands to.
+- **The left stick's click** throws **V-CURVE** to its top rung and back,
+  rather than stepping views — there is no 2D diorama and no first-person
+  one, so the ladder is held on an orbit rung while the mode runs.
+
+**DIORAMA-MR** is the same mode with the background keyed pure green, for
+a mixed-reality capture that composites the model into your own room.
 
 ### VR controls
 
@@ -101,17 +237,16 @@ alongside.
 | left stick | move — grid-walks the diorama, free-walks 1ST |
 | A / B (X / Y on the left hand) | A / B |
 | either trigger | START |
-| left stick click | step the VOXEL angle ladder (same as the "3" key) |
-| right stick up / down | *diorama only* — zoom the model |
+| left stick click | *STANDARD* — step the VOXEL angle ladder (same as the "3" key); *DIORAMA* — throw **V-CURVE** to its top rung and back |
+| right stick up / down | *tabletop* — zoom the model |
 | right stick left / right | *1ST only* — snap-turn 45°, or turn smoothly with **SMOOTH TURN** on |
-| grip squeeze + raise / lower that hand | *diorama only* — drag the table's height |
+| one grip squeezed | *STANDARD* — drag the table's height; *DIORAMA* — carry the model wherever that hand goes |
+| both grips squeezed | *DIORAMA only* — turn the model with your hands, and open or close the viewport by spreading them |
 | head | *1ST and battles* — look; FreeMove walks where you look |
 | left hand | *1ST and battles* — the Pokédex: menus, dialogs and the 2D battle screen on its screen |
 
 ## Licenses
 
-This mod is released under the **MIT License** — see [`LICENSE`](LICENSE).
-
 It redistributes one third-party binary:
 
 - **`assets/vr/openxr_loader.dll`** — the Khronos OpenXR loader
@@ -128,4 +263,36 @@ geometry and shape profiles are derived from the tile and sprite data of
 the original game, as documented by the
 [pret/pokered](https://github.com/pret/pokered) disassembly. No ROM
 data, artwork or audio is included; the mod reads the assets the host
-game already has.
+game already has.
+
+### Acknowledgements — pret/pokestadium
+
+The STADIUM battle models are read out of the player's own Pokémon Stadium
+(US) 1.0 cartridge by original code in [`lib/`](lib) and
+[`model_extract/`](model_extract). **That code exists because of
+[pret/pokestadium](https://github.com/pret/pokestadium)**, the community
+decompilation of that game, which is the reference this mod's reader was
+written against. Specifically, it is where the following came from:
+
+- the bone matrix chain, and the fact that scale is kept *out* of it and
+  applied only at draw time (`func_800143C0`) — the single most important
+  thing to get right in the whole rig, and not guessable from the data
+- the rotation basis and its row-vector `Rx·Ry·Rz` order
+  (`func_8000F730`, `src/F420.c`)
+- the animation player's frame counter and loop-start behaviour
+  (`func_80016FBC`), and the texture-animation sampler that *clamps* past
+  the end of its stream rather than wrapping (`func_80017540`) — which is
+  the difference between a Pokémon blinking and twitching
+- the battle system's per-species animation context slots and the routines
+  that select them (`func_8432B0A4`, `func_8430506C`, `func_84305A74`)
+- the move-id constants the per-species move table is keyed by
+
+**No code, data or asset from that project is included in or redistributed
+by this mod**, and none is needed to build or run it. What was taken is an
+understanding of the file formats, re-expressed in this mod's own Lua and
+Python. If you want to reuse anything from the decompilation itself, get it
+from upstream and follow that project's own terms.
+
+No Pokémon Stadium ROM data ships here either. The models are built on the
+player's own machine, from a cartridge they supply, into their own save
+directory — see [Getting the models](#getting-the-models).

assets/docs/buidling_to_voxel/sprite_to_voxel_methodology.md

@@ -61,6 +61,10 @@ cues generalize:
 | Band containing window/door frames | Vertical facade | Straight extrusion |
 | Full-width band with a black underline sitting above an inset band | Ledge / awning overhang | Extrusion + protrusion |
 | Dark `#555` runs beside a facade under a taper | Shadow on the wall beneath an eave | Leave as wall — the geometry above produces the shadow's meaning |
+| Scattered light shapes on a dark field, bracketed by TWO full-width black rims, shallow band below the lower rim | The **inside of an open container** seen from above, with contents lying in it | Hollow tray: walls to the rims, floor slab, air between — never an extrusion |
+| Ellipse drawn wider than tall (e.g. 9x5) | A horizontal circle seen from above — a mouth, a lid, a pot rim | Cut face of a round hull; the aspect ratio is the proof of the top view |
+| Arcs above/below a round object's straight flanks, lowest point at the centre column, often a 1px #555 halo outside | The SAME circles seen curving — ground contact and mouth back-edge, i.e. depth, not narrowing | Strip them from the revolve; run the last body row's disc to the floor |
+| A side band shearing sideways as it descends (¾-view) | The projection sliding a receding wall, not the wall's position | Un-project: the wall goes where the plan says |
 
 The band table for Red's house, which Blue's house shares verbatim:
 
@@ -156,9 +160,12 @@ Tooling: `voxel_build_verify.py` (builds, asserts, renders previews).
 
 1. Obtain the sprite; sample to native resolution via block centers.
 2. Extract palette + silhouette (light-only flood fill, threshold 130);
-   review the ASCII mask.
-3. Segment rows into bands using the Stage-2 cues; write the band table
-   before writing any geometry code.
+   review the ASCII mask — rendered large, not hand-counted.
+3. Name the real object first (including whether it is hollow, round or
+   thin — see "Beyond the house"), then segment rows into bands using the
+   Stage-2 cues; write the band table as prose, one line per row range
+   with where each band lands, before writing any geometry code. The
+   correct reading makes the row arithmetic land exactly.
 4. Measure taper rates from the mask; derive `T(x)`, `YTOP`, overhangs, `D`.
 5. Build: extrude verticals (de-outlined interiors) → ledges → recesses →
    flat top (mid-row cycling) → sloped solids (overwrite, then trim) →
@@ -214,3 +221,75 @@ right for the raw GB palette but comes out white once the atlas is
 recoloured, turning every sloped end into a black-and-white zip. The
 drawing's own eave is black / `#555` / black, and using that reads correctly
 under every palette.
+
+## Beyond the house: the forms later objects added
+
+The house is all solid masses — every band either lies flat or extrudes.
+Later objects forced the taxonomy open, and each addition came from the
+same root move: **name the real 3D form first, then ask which surfaces the
+drawing shows.** The recurring failure at every step was the *extruded
+picture* — and it has a second-order form that survives re-segmentation.
+The Bike Shop's toolbox was re-read from "a prop" into "a cabinet with a
+pump beside it": named parts, correct plot, de-outlined sides, and still
+wrong, because the region read as a cabinet *front* was the inside of an
+open box seen from above. Naming the parts is not enough; every REGION
+must answer "what surface of the real object is this?" The reliable
+arbiter is arithmetic: the correct reading makes the drawn row counts land
+exactly (the toolbox: 1 back-wall rim + 6 interior rows + 1 front rim = 8
+= the one-tile plot depth). Forcing rows to fit means the reading is wrong.
+
+**Hollow forms.** An open container is the one shape whose model must
+contain AIR, which no band table or extrusion can produce. The tray
+treatment builds four walls to the drawn rims, lays the top-view band on
+the floor of the cavity (its contents — a wrench — come along free, since
+they are just pixels of that band), and leaves the space between empty.
+Two rules only containers hit: the pane-recess pass must never run on a
+one-voxel wall (it deletes the front voxel to expose the one behind, and
+there is nothing behind — the wall becomes a hole), and the hollowness
+needs its own verification assert, because a later change that refills the
+cavity leaves every count looking plausible.
+
+**Round forms.** A drawn ellipse wider than tall is a horizontal circle
+seen from above — that one aspect-ratio measurement settles the whole
+reading. Straight flanks give diameter and height at once (round in plan,
+so drawn width IS depth — the one depth never authored). The arcs above
+and below the straight run are the same top and base circles seen curving:
+ground contact and mouth edge, not narrowing — revolving them puts the
+object on a stem. The hull's chord representation stores one z-interval
+per column/row, so a taper is expressible (re-cut the chords, squeeze the
+art into the narrowed span so the rim outline survives) but a hollow ring
+needs a second chord. Voxel resolution bounds taste: on an 11-wide object
+a one-step taper reads as damage and two steps as a cone; pick the step
+count and derive the amount.
+
+**Thin forms.** A line drawing cannot be thick. The air inside a bicycle's
+frame is what makes it read as a bicycle; extrude each stroke 5 voxels and
+the side faces of neighbouring strokes close every gap off-axis — six
+bikes become one dark mass. Standee thickness is a vocabulary
+(`PINNED_DEPTH`: 1 for paper, 2 for plates and side-on vehicles, 5 for
+silhouettes, 10 for objects with a body), and when a standee looks wrong
+the first move is to dump the detector's mask — if the mask is a clean
+object, thickness is the problem, not segmentation.
+
+**Authored masks.** When a drawing shares its tiles and shades with what
+it is painted into, nothing automatic can separate them; the profile
+carries a pixel mask instead. A person becomes a `figures` card (flat,
+leaning with the camera, standing on its feet — because GB character art
+is face-on iconography); an object becomes a `mounted` slab (fixed in the
+world, holding the wall's plane, keeping its drawn elevation — because a
+side-on drawing is a plane parallel to the wall). And when the backdrop is
+a *regular* pattern, the mask should be MEASURED, not hand-drawn:
+composite the plain backdrop tile over the same grid and flood from the
+border through pixels that still match it — what the flood cannot reach is
+the object, sprite-pure and exact.
+
+**Verification, extended.** Isometric previews miss what only the game
+shows: shoot in-game at both the ¾ rung and the low rung (front-face holes
+and proportion errors are invisible from above), crop and NEAREST-upscale
+before judging, and remember the flat rung renders no model at all. Two
+cheap renders beat argument: the front-most voxel per (x, y) laid beside
+the composited drawing catches anchoring and texel leaks instantly, and
+the same render with sunk voxels flagged turns the recess pass into
+something you look at. When shared builder code moves, a saved count
+baseline diffed after every edit (mind the line endings) is what proves a
+generalization is an identity for every model that already shipped.

data/battle_arenas.lua

@@ -23,6 +23,20 @@
 --
 --   SHOT_DIR=.scratchpad/arenas \
 --   POKEPORT_DRIVER=mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/tests/arena_pick.lua love .
+--
+-- To change ONE map's spot, or to go over these by eye, run the editor
+-- instead -- it is the same choice made in front of the map rather than in a
+-- batch. It slides the arena around on a plan of the map with the fit, the
+-- clearance and the camera's own sightlines answering live, stages a real
+-- battle on the spot when asked, and writes this file back a map at a time,
+-- replacing only the lines that changed and leaving every comment here alone:
+--
+--   POKEPORT_DRIVER=mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/tests/arena_editor.lua lovec .
+--
+-- Its export lands in .scratchpad/arena_editor/ to be diffed and copied over;
+-- ARENA_WRITE=1 points it at this file directly. A comment above an entry it
+-- moved describes where that spot USED to be, and it says so by name at
+-- export time -- those are the lines to re-word by hand.
 
 -- `cam = "wide"` on an entry swaps the long default lens for the 44-degree
 -- one (BattleCam.RIGS). Both frame the same composition -- the two mons land
@@ -49,14 +63,14 @@ return {
   -- height along the sightline and a hedge in the apron row is not terrain.
   -- So the choice is where in the clearing, and this is its west end: tree
   -- line square behind the pair, nothing crossing either of them.
-  ["ROUTE_1"] = { x = 4, y = 14, shape = "narrow" },
+  ["ROUTE_1"] = { x = 10, y = 16, shape = "narrow", turn = 90 },
   ["ROUTE_2"] = { x = 1, y = 49, shape = "wide" },
-  ["ROUTE_3"] = { x = 57, y = 1, shape = "wide" },
-  ["ROUTE_4"] = { x = 46, y = 7, shape = "wide" },
-  ["ROUTE_5"] = { x = 13, y = 24, shape = "wide" },
-  ["ROUTE_6"] = { x = 5, y = 17, shape = "narrow" },
-  ["ROUTE_7"] = { x = 8, y = 8, shape = "narrow" },
-  ["ROUTE_8"] = { x = 25, y = 7, shape = "wide" },
+  ["ROUTE_3"] = { x = 52, y = 10, shape = "wide", turn = 90 },
+  ["ROUTE_4"] = { x = 46, y = 4, shape = "wide" },
+  ["ROUTE_5"] = { x = 7, y = 0, shape = "wide", turn = 270 },
+  ["ROUTE_6"] = { x = 4, y = 15, shape = "narrow" },
+  ["ROUTE_7"] = { x = 4, y = 3, shape = "narrow", cam = "wide" },
+  ["ROUTE_8"] = { x = 24, y = 5, shape = "wide", turn = 90 },
   -- the whole route admits six bare wide arenas, all in the west cliff
   -- corridor; this is the best of them. A flower cluster crosses the far
   -- mon's hind legs, which the brief allows -- every alternative put a
@@ -64,13 +78,13 @@ return {
   ["ROUTE_9"] = { x = 1, y = 11, shape = "wide", cam = "wide" },
   ["ROUTE_10"] = { x = 7, y = 40, shape = "wide" },
   ["ROUTE_11"] = { x = 9, y = 6, shape = "wide" },
-  ["ROUTE_12"] = { x = 0, y = 73, shape = "wide" },
-  ["ROUTE_13"] = { x = 50, y = 8, shape = "narrow" },
-  ["ROUTE_14"] = { x = 11, y = 25, shape = "wide" },
-  ["ROUTE_15"] = { x = 9, y = 10, shape = "wide" },
-  ["ROUTE_16"] = { x = 6, y = 10, shape = "wide" },
+  ["ROUTE_12"] = { x = 10, y = 71, shape = "wide", turn = 90 },
+  ["ROUTE_13"] = { x = 51, y = 5, shape = "narrow" },
+  ["ROUTE_14"] = { x = 11, y = 24, shape = "wide" },
+  ["ROUTE_15"] = { x = 30, y = 10, shape = "wide", turn = 90 },
+  ["ROUTE_16"] = { x = 8, y = 10, shape = "wide", turn = 90 },
   ["ROUTE_17"] = { x = 14, y = 70, shape = "wide" },
-  ["ROUTE_18"] = { x = 11, y = 4, shape = "wide" },
+  ["ROUTE_18"] = { x = 11, y = 3, shape = "wide" },
 
   -- ------- buildings and caves
   --
@@ -78,10 +92,10 @@ return {
   -- or gravestones in it rarely holds a 3x6 clearing whose whole width is
   -- also SEEN, and giving up the apron is usually the difference between a
   -- fight in the open and one behind a console.
-  ["POKEMON_MANSION_1F"] = { x = 4, y = 12, shape = "wide" },
-  ["POKEMON_MANSION_2F"] = { x = 15, y = 17, shape = "wide" },
-  ["POKEMON_MANSION_3F"] = { x = 23, y = 2, shape = "narrow", cam = "wide" },
-  ["POKEMON_MANSION_B1F"] = { x = 19, y = 10, shape = "wide" },
+  ["POKEMON_MANSION_1F"] = { x = 4, y = 12, shape = "wide", cam = "wide" },
+  ["POKEMON_MANSION_2F"] = { x = 10, y = 1, shape = "wide", cam = "wide" },
+  ["POKEMON_MANSION_3F"] = { x = 24, y = 3, shape = "narrow", cam = "wide" },
+  ["POKEMON_MANSION_B1F"] = { x = 6, y = 19, shape = "wide", turn = 90 },
   ["POKEMON_TOWER_2F"] = { x = 4, y = 7, shape = "narrow" },
   ["POKEMON_TOWER_3F"] = { x = 4, y = 6, shape = "wide" },
   -- every one of 4F's thirty candidate spots puts a gravestone through a
@@ -89,73 +103,79 @@ return {
   -- is shot there
   ["POKEMON_TOWER_4F"] = { map = "POKEMON_TOWER_3F", x = 4, y = 6,
                            shape = "wide" },
-  ["POKEMON_TOWER_5F"] = { x = 10, y = 1, shape = "narrow" },
-  ["POKEMON_TOWER_6F"] = { x = 14, y = 6, shape = "narrow" },
+  ["POKEMON_TOWER_5F"] = { x = 8, y = 9, shape = "narrow", cam = "wide" },
+  ["POKEMON_TOWER_6F"] = { x = 14, y = 6, shape = "narrow", cam = "wide" },
   ["POKEMON_TOWER_7F"] = { x = 9, y = 5, shape = "wide" },
   ["POWER_PLANT"] = { x = 18, y = 5, shape = "narrow" },
   ["ROCK_TUNNEL_1F"] = { x = 14, y = 15, shape = "wide" },
   ["ROCK_TUNNEL_B1F"] = { x = 20, y = 17, shape = "wide" },
-  ["ROCKET_HIDEOUT_B1F"] = { x = 11, y = 6, shape = "narrow" },
-  ["ROCKET_HIDEOUT_B2F"] = { x = 19, y = 7, shape = "narrow" },
-  ["ROCKET_HIDEOUT_B3F"] = { x = 22, y = 11, shape = "narrow" },
-  ["ROCKET_HIDEOUT_B4F"] = { x = 17, y = 3, shape = "narrow" },
+  ["ROCKET_HIDEOUT_B1F"] = { x = 20, y = 18, shape = "narrow" },
+  ["ROCKET_HIDEOUT_B2F"] = { x = 20, y = 10, shape = "narrow", cam = "wide" },
+  ["ROCKET_HIDEOUT_B3F"] = { x = 24, y = 15,
+                             shape = "narrow", turn = 90, cam = "wide" },
+  ["ROCKET_HIDEOUT_B4F"] = { x = 19, y = 17, shape = "wide", cam = "wide" },
   ["SAFARI_ZONE_CENTER"] = { x = 1, y = 8, shape = "wide" },
-  ["SAFARI_ZONE_EAST"] = { x = 21, y = 8, shape = "wide" },
-  ["SAFARI_ZONE_NORTH"] = { x = 19, y = 14, shape = "wide" },
-  ["SAFARI_ZONE_WEST"] = { x = 18, y = 3, shape = "wide" },
+  ["SAFARI_ZONE_EAST"] = { x = 16, y = 8,
+                           shape = "wide", turn = 90, cam = "wide" },
+  ["SAFARI_ZONE_NORTH"] = { x = 22, y = 12, shape = "wide", turn = 90 },
+  ["SAFARI_ZONE_WEST"] = { x = 20, y = 2, shape = "wide" },
   ["SEAFOAM_ISLANDS_1F"] = { x = 14, y = 7, shape = "wide" },
-  ["SEAFOAM_ISLANDS_B1F"] = { x = 11, y = 1, shape = "wide" },
-  ["SEAFOAM_ISLANDS_B2F"] = { x = 16, y = 2, shape = "wide" },
-  ["SEAFOAM_ISLANDS_B3F"] = { x = 25, y = 7, shape = "wide" },
-  ["SEAFOAM_ISLANDS_B4F"] = { x = 12, y = 6, shape = "narrow" },
+  ["SEAFOAM_ISLANDS_B1F"] = { x = 9, y = 8,
+                              shape = "wide", turn = 90, cam = "wide" },
+  ["SEAFOAM_ISLANDS_B2F"] = { x = 15, y = 9, shape = "wide", turn = 90 },
+  ["SEAFOAM_ISLANDS_B3F"] = { x = 26, y = 7, shape = "wide", turn = 180 },
+  ["SEAFOAM_ISLANDS_B4F"] = { x = 9, y = 7, shape = "narrow" },
   -- Silph Co is office floors partitioned into small rooms, so the long lens
   -- often lands outside the walls it is meant to be looking between; the
   -- floors that could not be framed any other way ask for the wide one.
-  ["SILPH_CO_2F"] = { x = 16, y = 8, shape = "narrow" },
-  ["SILPH_CO_4F"] = { x = 24, y = 2, shape = "narrow" },
+  ["SILPH_CO_2F"] = { x = 4, y = 9, shape = "narrow", turn = 270 },
+  ["SILPH_CO_4F"] = { x = 14, y = 14, shape = "narrow", turn = 90 },
   ["SILPH_CO_5F"] = { x = 16, y = 7, shape = "wide" },
-  ["SILPH_CO_6F"] = { x = 10, y = 8, shape = "narrow" },
+  ["SILPH_CO_6F"] = { x = 19, y = 2,
+                      shape = "narrow", turn = 90, cam = "wide" },
   ["SILPH_CO_7F"] = { x = 1, y = 2, shape = "wide", cam = "wide" },
   ["SILPH_CO_8F"] = { x = 8, y = 6, shape = "narrow" },
   ["SILPH_CO_9F"] = { x = 20, y = 11, shape = "wide", cam = "wide" },
-  ["SS_ANNE_1F_ROOMS"] = { x = 10, y = 1, shape = "narrow", cam = "wide" },
+  ["SS_ANNE_1F_ROOMS"] = { x = 11, y = 1, shape = "narrow", cam = "wide" },
   -- the ship is all two-cell corridors, so the wide arena shape fits nowhere
   -- aboard and the long lens always lands outside the hull
   ["SS_ANNE_2F"] = { x = 36, y = 8, shape = "narrow", cam = "wide" },
   -- these two decks are byte-identical geometry, so they take the same spot
-  ["SS_ANNE_2F_ROOMS"] = { x = 11, y = 12, shape = "narrow" },
-  ["SS_ANNE_B1F_ROOMS"] = { x = 11, y = 12, shape = "narrow" },
+  ["SS_ANNE_2F_ROOMS"] = { x = 11, y = 12, shape = "narrow", cam = "wide" },
+  ["SS_ANNE_B1F_ROOMS"] = { x = 11, y = 12, shape = "narrow", cam = "wide" },
   ["SS_ANNE_BOW"] = { x = 8, y = 3, shape = "wide" },
-  ["VICTORY_ROAD_2F"] = { x = 16, y = 6, shape = "wide" },
-  ["VICTORY_ROAD_3F"] = { x = 20, y = 1, shape = "wide" },
+  ["VICTORY_ROAD_2F"] = { x = 16, y = 6, shape = "wide", cam = "wide" },
+  ["VICTORY_ROAD_3F"] = { x = 20, y = 1, shape = "wide", cam = "wide" },
 
   -- ------- towns and the last interiors
   ["CERULEAN_CITY"] = { x = 15, y = 16, shape = "wide" },
-  ["GAME_CORNER"] = { x = 8, y = 7, shape = "wide" },
+  ["GAME_CORNER"] = { x = 8, y = 5, shape = "wide" },
   -- the lab is ten cells by twelve, so the long lens is always off-map, and
   -- on it a desk clipped one mon and a pillar the other
-  ["OAKS_LAB"] = { x = 3, y = 2, shape = "narrow", cam = "wide" },
+  ["OAKS_LAB"] = { x = 1, y = 3, shape = "narrow", turn = 90, cam = "wide" },
   -- Saffron's gym is a grid of small walled cells: no wide shape exists
   -- anywhere in it, and the long lens sits inside a divider
   ["SAFFRON_GYM"] = { x = 9, y = 7, shape = "narrow", cam = "wide" },
   ["SILPH_CO_3F"] = { x = 18, y = 11, shape = "wide", cam = "wide" },
-  ["SILPH_CO_10F"] = { x = 1, y = 2, shape = "wide" },
-  ["SILPH_CO_11F"] = { x = 1, y = 11, shape = "wide", cam = "wide" },
+  ["SILPH_CO_10F"] = { x = 1, y = 1, shape = "wide", cam = "wide" },
+  ["SILPH_CO_11F"] = { x = 10, y = 6,
+                       shape = "wide", turn = 180, cam = "wide" },
   -- the upper corridor (cols 4-5, rows 1-4) is sealed at runtime by the
   -- gym's barrier, so arenas there silently fail the fit test
-  ["VERMILION_GYM"] = { x = 4, y = 11, shape = "narrow" },
-  ["VICTORY_ROAD_1F"] = { x = 11, y = 2, shape = "narrow" },
+  ["VERMILION_GYM"] = { x = 3, y = 2,
+                        shape = "narrow", turn = 90, cam = "wide" },
+  ["VICTORY_ROAD_1F"] = { x = 11, y = 5, shape = "narrow", cam = "wide" },
   ["VIRIDIAN_FOREST"] = { x = 16, y = 34, shape = "narrow" },
 
   -- ------- the remaining routes
-  ["ROUTE_19"] = { x = 8, y = 6, shape = "narrow" },
+  ["ROUTE_19"] = { x = 8, y = 31, shape = "narrow" },
   -- the two surf routes fight AFLOAT, in the middle of their own sea rather
   -- than on the rim of beach the land search would otherwise find
   ["ROUTE_20"] = { x = 23, y = 7, shape = "wide" },
   ["ROUTE_21"] = { x = 8, y = 46, shape = "wide" },
-  ["ROUTE_22"] = { x = 35, y = 7, shape = "wide" },
-  ["ROUTE_23"] = { x = 4, y = 36, shape = "wide" },
-  ["ROUTE_24"] = { x = 13, y = 15, shape = "wide" },
+  ["ROUTE_22"] = { x = 35, y = 7, shape = "wide", cam = "wide" },
+  ["ROUTE_23"] = { x = 2, y = 34, shape = "wide", cam = "wide" },
+  ["ROUTE_24"] = { x = 6, y = 9, shape = "wide", turn = 270, cam = "wide" },
   ["ROUTE_25"] = { x = 32, y = 2, shape = "wide", cam = "wide" },
 
   -- ------- caves, gyms and the Elite Four
@@ -163,25 +183,29 @@ return {
   -- None of these tilesets has a grass tile at all, so the no-grass rule
   -- constrained nothing here; what constrains them is furniture, rock
   -- pillars and how small the rooms are.
-  ["AGATHAS_ROOM"] = { x = 2, y = 1, shape = "narrow", cam = "wide" },
-  ["BRUNOS_ROOM"] = { x = 3, y = 1, shape = "narrow" },
-  ["CELADON_GYM"] = { x = 0, y = 3, shape = "narrow" },
-  ["CERULEAN_CAVE_1F"] = { x = 1, y = 7, shape = "narrow" },
+  ["AGATHAS_ROOM"] = { x = 4, y = 2, shape = "narrow", cam = "wide" },
+  ["BRUNOS_ROOM"] = { x = 2, y = 1, shape = "wide", turn = 90 },
+  ["CELADON_GYM"] = { x = 3, y = 4,
+                      shape = "narrow", turn = 90, cam = "wide" },
+  ["CERULEAN_CAVE_1F"] = { x = 12, y = 8, shape = "narrow", cam = "wide" },
   -- 2F is a maze of one-cell rock corridors; all 24 of its candidate spots
   -- hide a mon, so it borrows the floor below -- the same cave
   ["CERULEAN_CAVE_2F"] = { map = "CERULEAN_CAVE_B1F", x = 2, y = 0,
                            shape = "wide" },
-  ["CERULEAN_CAVE_B1F"] = { x = 2, y = 0, shape = "wide" },
-  ["CERULEAN_GYM"] = { x = 0, y = 1, shape = "narrow" },
+  ["CERULEAN_CAVE_B1F"] = { x = 2, y = 0, shape = "wide", cam = "wide" },
+  ["CERULEAN_GYM"] = { x = 4, y = 2, shape = "wide" },
   ["CHAMPIONS_ROOM"] = { x = 2, y = 2, shape = "narrow", cam = "wide" },
-  ["CINNABAR_GYM"] = { x = 18, y = 10, shape = "narrow" },
-  ["DIGLETTS_CAVE"] = { x = 19, y = 16, shape = "wide" },
-  ["FIGHTING_DOJO"] = { x = 4, y = 1, shape = "narrow" },
-  ["LANCES_ROOM"] = { x = 5, y = 15, shape = "wide" },
-  ["LORELEIS_ROOM"] = { x = 5, y = 2, shape = "narrow" },
-  ["MT_MOON_1F"] = { x = 24, y = 17, shape = "wide" },
-  ["MT_MOON_B1F"] = { x = 5, y = 12, shape = "wide" },
-  ["MT_MOON_B2F"] = { x = 2, y = 16, shape = "wide" },
+  ["CINNABAR_GYM"] = { x = 9, y = 16,
+                       shape = "narrow", turn = 90, cam = "wide" },
+  ["DIGLETTS_CAVE"] = { x = 14, y = 26,
+                        shape = "wide", turn = 90, cam = "wide" },
+  ["FIGHTING_DOJO"] = { x = 3, y = 5,
+                        shape = "narrow", turn = 90, cam = "wide" },
+  ["LANCES_ROOM"] = { x = 4, y = 2, shape = "wide", cam = "wide" },
+  ["LORELEIS_ROOM"] = { x = 4, y = 2, shape = "narrow" },
+  ["MT_MOON_1F"] = { x = 25, y = 16, shape = "wide" },
+  ["MT_MOON_B1F"] = { x = 4, y = 11, shape = "wide" },
+  ["MT_MOON_B2F"] = { x = 8, y = 20, shape = "wide" },
 
   -- The three gyms the default rig cannot stand back from. Five blocks is
   -- further than these rooms are wide, so the eye landed outside the map and
@@ -190,7 +214,7 @@ return {
   -- BattleCam), which fits inside the room; the mons come out smaller and all
   -- three became stageable. It is asked for HERE, per map, so every area that
   -- does not ask keeps the long lens it was framed for.
-  ["FUCHSIA_GYM"] = { x = 7, y = 6, shape = "narrow", cam = "wide" },
-  ["PEWTER_GYM"] = { x = 4, y = 8, shape = "narrow", cam = "wide" },
+  ["FUCHSIA_GYM"] = { x = 8, y = 6, shape = "narrow", cam = "wide" },
+  ["PEWTER_GYM"] = { x = 4, y = 1, shape = "narrow", turn = 90, cam = "wide" },
   ["VIRIDIAN_GYM"] = { x = 10, y = 8, shape = "narrow", cam = "wide" },
 }

data/map_atmosphere.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+-- What hangs in the air of each map.
+--
+-- One entry per map that has an ATMOSPHERE: a ground fog the scene shader
+-- folds every surface into, and volumetric god rays -- light let down
+-- through an INVISIBLE canopy hanging above the map's real geometry, as
+-- if the trees drawn are only the understorey of something taller. The
+-- rays are not placed: a per-pixel march (see ForestAtmos) reads the
+-- frame's own depth and the sun's own shadow map, so the beams stand
+-- exactly where light really breaks between the tree hulls, trees and
+-- characters carve dark columns through them, and a wind-blown leaf
+-- field at the canopy plane opens and closes them like foliage moving
+-- overhead. The light leans along the mod's fixed noon shear (the one
+-- light a canopy map ever gets -- see DayNight.CANOPY); only its COLOUR
+-- and STRENGTH follow the clock: gold spears of sun by day, silver moon
+-- rays after dark, pollen adrift in the day's beams and fireflies once
+-- they cool.
+--
+-- A map with no entry here has no atmosphere at all: no fog uniform is
+-- raised, no march runs, nothing is spent. That is the contract a new
+-- map opts into by adding a line, and what a stale entry degrades to if
+-- its map id ever stops existing.
+--
+-- The knobs, in world pixels unless said otherwise (a map cell is 16):
+--
+--   canopyY   where the invisible canopy hangs. MUST clear the tallest
+--             real geometry under it (Viridian's carved tree hulls top
+--             at y = 32) -- a beam is alpha ZERO at this height and only
+--             fades in below it, so a canopy at or under the tree tops
+--             would cut every ray off before it cleared the leaves.
+--   fadeTo    the height by which a descending ray reaches full strength.
+--   fog       density  how fast distance dissolves into the haze
+--                      (1 - exp(-density * distance-past-start))
+--             start    how many pixels out the dissolve begins
+--             heightK  how quickly the fog thins with ALTITUDE
+--                      (exp(-y * heightK): 0.02 halves it by y = 35)
+--   rays      strength  overall in-scatter gain on the march
+--             reach     how far out the march walks, in world px
+--   motes     count of pollen/dust flecks adrift in the daylight beams
+--   fireflies count of the night shift
+--   seed      the xorshift seed the particle deal runs on
+--
+-- Two caveats for maps opting in later: the water pass has no fog term,
+-- so a lake under heavy haze stays clear-day sharp in its reflections;
+-- and the march runs after the water's mirror copy, so beams will not
+-- appear IN those reflections either. Neither can bite in a map without
+-- water.
+
+return {
+  ["VIRIDIAN_FOREST"] = {
+    canopyY = 56,
+    fadeTo = 28,
+    fog = { density = 0.0045, start = 64, heightK = 0.02 },
+    -- strength is calibrated against the march's real integral: the
+    -- under-canopy stretch of an orbit ray is short and thinly dense, so
+    -- the raw accumulation for a fully lit beam core is a few percent --
+    -- this gain lands it near +0.3 on screen. Halve it for a whisper,
+    -- double it for cathedral light.
+    rays = { strength = 16, reach = 380 },
+    motes = { count = 96 },
+    fireflies = { count = 48 },
+    seed = 0x51D,
+  },
+}

data/voxel_heights.lua

@@ -168,6 +168,10 @@ return {
     -- a round drawing stacked two cells high on one cell of plot (the
     -- Centers' potted plants): 32px of hull standing in its lower cell
     planter = 32,
+    -- the little trees (Celadon Gym's garden, the overworld's cuttable
+    -- tree): the round hull squashed front to back, 16px of drawn
+    -- elevation like every other one-cell tree drawing
+    sapling = 16,
     relief = 3,
     bookcase = 32,
     stair_e = 16,
@@ -197,7 +201,27 @@ return {
       -- cutouts both read wrong for them; the cylinder archetype carves
       -- one voxel ball per 16x16 cell from the canopy's darkest-pixel
       -- outline, round in depth, so tree rows become rows of real canopies
+      --
+      -- The cuttable tree ($2D/$2E/$3D/$3E, the four tiles Cut deletes)
+      -- takes the same hull SQUASHED: it is Celadon Gym's little tree
+      -- redrawn pixel-for-pixel on this atlas (same 146/256 silhouette,
+      -- only canopy highlight texels differ), so the two must stay one
+      -- model -- the scraggly canopy revolves into a gapped ball, the
+      -- 2-4px trunk into a thin round column, the root flare into a
+      -- round mound.  It used to sit in the `prop` pool as a 5-voxel
+      -- standee; see GYM's sapling entry for the reading and for what
+      -- sapling_squash does.  Scanned: the 2x2 grid
+      -- occurs 32 times on this atlas across the towns and routes, and
+      -- per-tile counts equal the grid count (32 hits for $2D alone),
+      -- so no stray occurrence renders as a lone hull.  The same four
+      -- ids form grids on FOREST (8, Safari Zone ground art), HOUSE,
+      -- MANSION, SHIP_PORT and REDS_HOUSE_2 -- different drawings, id
+      -- collisions, none of this entry's business.  Cut itself only
+      -- swaps the map block to plain grass, so the pin never sees a
+      -- cut stump.
       cylinder = { 42, 43, 58, 59, 64, 65, 80, 81 },
+      sapling = { 45, 46, 61, 62 },
+      sapling_squash = 50,
       -- the town sign (blockset 8's SE cell): a standing per-pixel slab
       -- 2 voxels thin, transparency respected -- never a solid box
       signpost = { 70, 71, 86, 87 },
@@ -220,15 +244,11 @@ return {
       -- instead -- see there.)
       wall = { 2, 36 },
 
-      -- the cuttable bush ($2D/$2E/$3D/$3E, the four tiles Cut deletes
-      -- -- across the whole tileset they appear only in the five
-      -- cut-tree blocks): a standing per-pixel cutout 5 voxels deep,
-      -- black-outline segmented with the pixels the outline encloses
-      -- kept, its drawn grass dither flooding away as background
-      prop = { 45, 46, 61, 62 },
-      -- the ground painted under those pinned props, by the prop tile's
-      -- own id: the bush stands on plain grass ($2C) -- the very tile
-      -- Cut leaves behind (field.cutTreeSwaps' after-blocks) -- rather
+      -- (the cuttable tree $2D/$2E/$3D/$3E moved to the cylinder hull
+      -- above)
+      -- the ground painted under the claimed tree cells, by tile id:
+      -- the tree stands on plain grass ($2C) -- the very tile Cut
+      -- leaves behind (field.cutTreeSwaps' after-blocks) -- rather
       -- than whatever flat tile its neighbours vote
       prop_ground = { [45] = 44, [46] = 44, [61] = 44, [62] = 44 },
     },
@@ -345,6 +365,38 @@ return {
       -- the pin is not copied there.
       cylinder = { 44, 45, 46, 47,
                    7, 8, 23, 24 },
+      -- Celadon's three little trees ($40/$41 canopy over $50/$51
+      -- trunk): a scraggly canopy over a 2-4px trunk flaring into a
+      -- round root mound.  Every drawn row states its own width, which
+      -- is exactly what the hull revolves -- the canopy turns into a
+      -- ball with its drawn gaps kept, the trunk into a thin round
+      -- column, the mound into a round foot.  They used to sit in the
+      -- `prop` pool ("a trunk is not round"), but the standee rendered
+      -- as the whole 16x16 cell extruded, background and all -- the
+      -- extruded picture -- and the trunk IS round; the hull reads it
+      -- right.  The same drawing is the overworld's cuttable tree (see
+      -- OVERWORLD's sapling entry); one drawing, one model.
+      --
+      -- sapling_squash 50 is the one AUTHORED number and the only knob
+      -- taste moves: the percent of its revolved depth every chord
+      -- keeps.  A full revolve (100) assumes the drawing's width is
+      -- also its depth, which is honest for the hedge balls and
+      -- boulders in the `cylinder` pool above but not for a tree --
+      -- the trunk is a stick, the crown is more air than wood, and at
+      -- full width the tree filled a whole cell of depth and read as a
+      -- boulder wearing bark.  50 halves it to an ellipse in plan;
+      -- the model stays round in section and centred on the cell.
+      -- The height is NOT authored: the class's 16 (see the `heights`
+      -- table at the top of this file) is the drawn elevation, which
+      -- is also the model's top plane, so anything riding a tree cell
+      -- lands right.
+      -- Scanned: the 2x2 grid occurs 3 times on this atlas and only
+      -- in CELADON_GYM -- cells (2,4), (7,5), (5,7) -- and per-tile
+      -- counts equal the grid count (3 hits for $40 alone), so no
+      -- stray occurrence renders as a lone hull.  DOJO shares gym.png
+      -- and places none, so the pin is not copied there.
+      sapling = { 64, 65, 80, 81 },
+      sapling_squash = 50,
       -- Vermilion Gym's trash cans ($0B/$0C over $1B/$1C), the switch
       -- puzzle's fifteen cans plus the sixteenth beside the leader's
       -- platform.  An open galvanised bin in the 3/4 view, and its plan is
@@ -405,13 +457,9 @@ return {
       can_well = 5,
       can_taper = 4,
       heights = { can = 9 },
-      -- The statues and Celadon's three little trees ($40/$41 canopy over
-      -- $50/$51 trunk).  A trunk is not round, so the tree cannot be a
-      -- ball like the shrubs beside it -- it takes the thin standee pool
-      -- every interior plant takes, which is also a pool apart from the
-      -- cylinders it touches.
-      prop = { 2, 56, 18, 19,
-               64, 65, 80, 81 },
+      -- The statues.  (Celadon's trees $40/$41/$50/$51 lived here
+      -- too until they moved to the sapling hull above.)
+      prop = { 2, 56, 18, 19 },
       -- The Hall of Fame's recording machine, the one piece of real
       -- furniture in the tileset.  It is drawn 32px wide and THREE tile
       -- rows tall against the north band, and the detector made a mess
@@ -685,7 +733,15 @@ return {
       -- per-cell hulls rather than boxes
       canopy = { 4 },
       cylinder = { 5, 6, 7, 21, 22, 23,
-                   35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 53, 54 },
+                   35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 53, 54,
+                   -- the Safari Zone's small round trees ($54/$55/$56/$57,
+                   -- one cell, 376 placements across the four safari maps
+                   -- and nowhere else on this tileset): drawn as a canopy
+                   -- ball like the overworld's lone tree, and the detector
+                   -- was boxing them into 16px dither-textured crates.
+                   -- One voxel ball per cell, the same hull the big trees'
+                   -- quarter tiles degrade to
+                   84, 85, 86, 87 },
       -- the stumps ($02/$03/$12/$13): a hull whose drawn top is a CUT
       -- FACE.  The body builds from the bark rows alone, and the drawn
       -- ellipse of growth rings projects onto the hull's round flat
@@ -1488,9 +1544,14 @@ return {
       --               terrace: their north rim (9/25 = $09/$19) and the
       --               pedestal course at the south (85/86/87).
       --
-      -- THE ROUND TABLES in full, because the shape is a compromise.  The
-      -- drawing (block 29, and the same four rows split across blocks 45
-      -- and 49 in the diner) is
+      -- THE ROUND TABLES in full, because the shape is a compromise.
+      -- (The `diner_round_table` template under `buildings` below now
+      -- models all four placements in full -- octagonal top on its
+      -- pedestal -- by matching the whole 4x4 grid, which is what a
+      -- per-tile pin can never do.  Everything here stays as its
+      -- degradation path and as the record of why the pins look the
+      -- way they do.)  The drawing (block 29, and the same four rows
+      -- split across blocks 45 and 49 in the diner) is
       --      $09 $27 $27 $19      an octagonal top seen from above, with
       --      $36 $37 $37 $39      a pedestal drawn below its southern
       --      $46 $37 $37 $47      rim
@@ -1511,7 +1572,7 @@ return {
       -- 8px is the FAR rim (9/25, and the shared 39/54/57) and the
       -- pedestal (85/86/87): the far rim is occluded by the 16px top in
       -- front of it, and the pedestal is meant to sit low.  16px is also
-      -- the right height against the 8px `stool` chairs drawn around it
+      -- the right height against the seat-high `stool` chairs around it
       -- -- a terrace table you sit at, not a footstool.
       counter = { 9, 21, 25, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 48, 49, 52, 53, 54,
                   57, 85, 86, 87 },
@@ -1541,7 +1602,15 @@ return {
       -- drawing carries a full black outline with the floor dither
       -- showing at all four corners, so the standee segments cleanly --
       -- and `stool` keeps its own pool, apart from anything it touches.
+      -- The `diner_stool` template (see `buildings` below) now models
+      -- every placement in full, like the house stool it copies; these
+      -- pins are its degradation path.
       stool = { 7, 8, 23, 24 },
+      -- the `diner_stool` template stands 5 voxels (the drawn
+      -- elevation: the seat's front edge at row 10 over legs 11-14),
+      -- as the house stool does: whoever sits on a stool cell rides
+      -- this height, not the 8px class default
+      heights = { stool = 5 },
       -- Deliberately NOT pinned:
       --   $37 (55) is three different things -- the light half of the
       --     checkerboard floor, the interior of the round tables, and
@@ -1827,6 +1896,18 @@ return {
       -- 18/19) sitting in a WALKABLE cell, so flat floor until pinned.
       -- The 8px standee pool, seat height, as in Red's rooms.
       stool = { 2, 3, 18, 19 },
+      -- ...and the height a figure riding that cell stands at, which is
+      -- the SEAT and not the backrest: the chair's seat is drawn rows
+      -- 26-31, six of them, so 6.  All three Game Freak developers are
+      -- placed ON their chair cell (CELADON_MANSION_3F objects at (0,4),
+      -- (3,4) and (0,7)), and VoxelScene.groundAt reads this pin, not
+      -- the `mansion_computer_desk` model that now draws the chair -- at
+      -- the class default 8 they floated two voxels over the seat.  The
+      -- same reading INTERIOR's `stool = 5` carries for Bill's chair,
+      -- which is this drawing with one white margin column instead of
+      -- two; these four ids are the mansion desks' chairs and nothing
+      -- else on this atlas, so the override reaches only them.
+      heights = { stool = 6 },
       -- the potted palms: two cells of drawing (68/69 crown, 8/9 fronds,
       -- 70/71 stem, 24/25 pot), mostly silhouette, so the THIN standee
       -- pool -- the same numbers the generic HOUSE entry uses, and the
@@ -4169,6 +4250,109 @@ return {
         roofRows = 28, roofBack = 24, roofFront = 0, roofCycle = { 2, 23 },
         slab = 3, frontEave = 0, ledge = nil,
       },
+      -- F07b: the SQUARE table of CELADON_MANSION_1F cells (0,6):(1,7)
+      -- (1 placement, scan.lua) -- the long table (F07) at two cells
+      -- wide, the same drawing to the tile everywhere but the interior
+      -- column count, and the same read to the row: 0-23 the tabletop
+      -- seen from above, 24-26 the slab's black/#555/black front edge,
+      -- 27 the #555 shadow that closes it (slab = 3, folded into the
+      -- band), 28-30 the base with the legs stopping one row short of
+      -- the grid.  Family numbers unchanged; the `table` pin stays as
+      -- the degradation path, neutralized where this stamps.
+      {
+        id = "mansion_square_table",
+        tiles = {
+          { 38, 39, 39, 41 },
+          { 54, 55, 55, 57 },
+          { 54, 55, 55, 57 },
+          { 60, 58, 58, 59 },
+        },
+        roofRows = 28, roofBack = 24, roofFront = 0, roofCycle = { 2, 23 },
+        slab = 3, frontEave = 0, ledge = nil,
+      },
+      -- F07c: the Game Freak office's COMPUTER DESK -- the writing desks
+      -- of CELADON_MANSION_2F cell (0,5) and CELADON_MANSION_3F cells
+      -- (0,3), (3,3) and (0,6).  scan.lua on the 4x4 grid returns those
+      -- four and nothing else, and each of the four ids that carry the
+      -- apron and chair rows (2/3/85/86, 18/19) occurs on this atlas ONLY
+      -- inside them -- so no stray cell can pick this model up.  (The
+      -- same ids are furniture on the HOUSE and FACILITY atlases; those
+      -- are different images and none of this entry's business.)
+      --
+      -- Rows 0-15 are BILL'S DESK, byte for byte.  A whole-crop diff of
+      -- these tiles against the interior atlas's 11/12/13/14 over
+      -- 27/28/29/30 comes back empty for all 512 pixels: the same
+      -- tabletop seen from above -- black rim, white highlight course,
+      -- grey field -- with the same terminal, cord and 2:1 isometric
+      -- computer drawn into it.  One drawing is one model, so the four
+      -- parts below are `bills_desk`'s verbatim; that entry carries the
+      -- readings (paper is flat, the keyboard's keys ride its top face,
+      -- `plan` = rx makes the computer a cube turned 45 and not a slab).
+      --
+      -- Only the FRONT is redrawn, and it is 6 rows where Bill's is 7:
+      --   15      the top's own black front edge.  This is the row the
+      --           lid replaces, so it opens the fascia exactly the way
+      --           Bill's row 16 does, and the desk stands 7 voxels to
+      --           his 8 -- measured, not chosen.
+      --   16-17   the #555 edge lip and the black seam under it: the
+      --           desktop's own rim, which is why they are `fascia` --
+      --           that band wraps every side, and a desktop's edge is
+      --           visible from all four.
+      --   18-21   the base: the left leg (the black/#555/black at
+      --           x0-x2), the open apron between, and the DRAWER
+      --           PEDESTAL at x20-x31 -- two #555 drawer fronts (rows
+      --           16-17 and 19-20) inside a black frame.  Each is a
+      --           non-black region sealed behind its own black outline
+      --           and under 24px, so the measured recess pass sinks it
+      --           one voxel and the frame stays proud: the drawer gaps
+      --           come off the pixels, nothing is authored.
+      -- Row 21 is the ground line and 22 is the measured one.  Rows
+      -- 22-23 are the desk's cast SHADOW, dithered into the checker
+      -- floor of the walkable cell in front, so the model builds none of
+      -- them -- they are floor, not furniture.
+      --
+      -- The chair is Bill's chair REDRAWN rather than the same pixels
+      -- (two white margin columns round the backrest panel where his
+      -- has one, and it sits at x4-x15 rather than x2-x13), but the same
+      -- object band for band -- rows 20-21 the backrest top seen from
+      -- above, 22-31 its elevation -- so it takes his part table with x
+      -- and `rise` moved: `rise` is the whole plane back down, because
+      -- the chair stands on the FLOOR and not on the desk.
+      --
+      -- Why the grid runs two tile rows past the desk: the artist drew
+      -- the apron into the WALKABLE cell in front (2/3 + 85/86), and
+      -- 2/3 also carry the chair's back.  A template claims whole TILES,
+      -- so reading the apron takes the chair with it -- which is what
+      -- makes the template owe it, exactly as at Bill's.  `desk.depth`
+      -- stops the desk box at its own two cells; the chair keeps the
+      -- front one.  The `table` pin on the top tiles and the `stool` pin
+      -- on 2/3/18/19 both stay as the degradation path, neutralized
+      -- wherever this stamps.
+      {
+        id = "mansion_computer_desk",
+        tiles = {
+          { 36, 37, 52, 53 },
+          { 64, 65, 66, 67 },
+          {  2,  3, 85, 86 },
+          { 18, 19, 17, 17 },
+        },
+        roofRows = 0, roofBack = 0, roofFront = 0, roofCycle = { 0, 0 },
+        slab = 0, frontEave = 0, ledge = nil, depth = 4,
+        -- the desk's own plot is its two cells; the grid runs on because
+        -- its apron and the CHAIR share tiles 2/3
+        desk = { fascia = { 15, 17 }, base = { 18, 21 }, depth = 2 },
+        parts = {
+          { kind = "flat", x = { 2, 15 }, rows = { 3, 7 } },   -- the notes
+          { kind = "upright", x = { 4, 15 }, top = { 8, 12 },
+            facade = { 12, 13 }, z = 8, depth = 6 },           -- keyboard
+          { kind = "upright", x = { 16, 19 }, top = { 8, 8 },
+            facade = { 8, 9 }, z = 8, depth = 2 },             -- the cord
+          { kind = "iso", x = { 19, 30 }, rows = { 1, 13 },
+            plan = 6, z = 9 },                                 -- the computer
+          { kind = "upright", x = { 4, 15 }, top = { 20, 21 },
+            facade = { 22, 31 }, rise = -7, z = 22, depth = 10 }, -- chair
+        },
+      },
     },
 
     HOUSE = {
@@ -4480,5 +4664,93 @@ return {
         },
       },
     },
+
+    LOBBY = {
+      -- F09 on the lobby atlas: the Celadon department store's stools
+      -- -- the diner's chairs, the roof terrace's, the Game Corner's
+      -- six rows and the four on 1F (58 placements, the scan's only
+      -- matches on this atlas).  A DIFFERENT drawing from the house
+      -- stool -- it sits one row HIGHER in the tile (seat top rows 4-9
+      -- over its front edge at 10 and the legs at 11-14, with a clear
+      -- floor row below) and its leg detail differs -- but the same
+      -- object band for band, so it takes the house part table with
+      -- the bands shifted up one row.  The measured ground line (15
+      -- here, 16 in the house) shifts with them, so the stand is the
+      -- same 5 voxels, and the tileset's `stool = 5` height override
+      -- keeps whoever sits here ON the seat.  The old stool standee
+      -- pins stay as the degradation path.
+      {
+        id = "diner_stool",
+        tiles = {
+          { 7, 8 },
+          { 23, 24 },
+        },
+        roofRows = 0, roofBack = 0, roofFront = 0, roofCycle = { 0, 0 },
+        slab = 0, frontEave = 0, ledge = nil,
+        panes = false,
+        parts = {
+          { kind = "upright", x = { 2, 13 }, top = { 4, 9 },
+            facade = { 10, 14 }, z = 3, depth = 11,
+            stretch = true },                             -- the stool
+        },
+      },
+      -- F11: the ROUND TABLE of the diner and the roof terrace -- 4
+      -- placements, all on this atlas (CELADON_DINER cells (0,2) and
+      -- (0,5), CELADON_MART_ROOF (4,2) and (8,4); scan
+      -- "9,39,39,25;54,55,55,57;70,55,55,71;85,86,87,55" matches
+      -- nowhere else). This is the drawing the long `counter` note
+      -- above calls a compromise -- its four interior tiles are $37,
+      -- unpinnable, so the flat treatment let the whole top BE a 16px
+      -- disc. The template matches the exact 4x4 grid instead, which
+      -- is what a per-tile pin can never do, and un-projects the three
+      -- facings: rows 0-23 the OCTAGONAL top seen from above (24
+      -- top-view rows = 24 depth rows, so the plan is the silhouette
+      -- itself, a `plan` slab 32x24), rows 24-25 the slab's #555/black
+      -- fascia folded down its rim, rows 26-31 the PEDESTAL seen under
+      -- the front edge -- two flattened circles, i.e. horizontal discs:
+      -- the base (diameter 16, drawn cols 8-23, side rows 30-31, its
+      -- top wearing the drawn shadow-and-white rows 26-29) and the dark
+      -- column (diameter 6, cols 13-18, rows 26-27 repeating up the
+      -- shaft), both on the drawn centre x 16 / plan centre z 12.
+      -- MEASURED: plan, diameters, centres, slab 3. AUTHORED: tabletop
+      -- plane 8 -- counter height, developer-tuned (the first cut
+      -- stood it at the flat compromise's 16px and it read too tall)
+      -- -- plus base height 2 and the 3-voxel column between. `depth`
+      -- 3 keeps the plot to the drawn plan; the grid's 4th tile row is
+      -- the pedestal's own drawing plus one floor tile ($37 again, at
+      -- the southeast corner), which the claim paints as ground.
+      -- `scrub` repoints the top's interior field -- the four $37
+      -- tiles, ALSO the checkerboard floor's light half, which carry
+      -- the floor's palette in a colorized atlas -- at the same grey
+      -- sourced from the rim's own field, so the whole top wears the
+      -- table's palette (the drawn field there is uniform grey;
+      -- nothing drawn is lost). The old wall/counter pins on the rim
+      -- tiles stay as the degradation path, and `support` carries the
+      -- top plane so anything the standee scan finds on these cells
+      -- rides the tabletop.
+      {
+        id = "diner_round_table",
+        tiles = {
+          { 9, 39, 39, 25 },
+          { 54, 55, 55, 57 },
+          { 70, 55, 55, 71 },
+          { 85, 86, 87, 55 },
+        },
+        roofRows = 0, roofBack = 0, roofFront = 0, roofCycle = { 0, 0 },
+        slab = 0, frontEave = 0, ledge = nil, depth = 3,
+        panes = false, support = 8,
+        scrub = { { 8, 8, 23, 23 } },
+        parts = {
+          { kind = "disc", cx2 = 32, cz2 = 24, r = 8, rise = 0, h = 2,
+            side = { rows = { 30, 31 }, x = { 13, 18 } },
+            cap = { rows = { 26, 29 }, x = { 9, 22 } } },   -- the base
+          { kind = "disc", cx2 = 32, cz2 = 24, r = 3, rise = 2, h = 3,
+            side = { rows = { 26, 27 }, x = { 14, 17 } } }, -- the column
+          { kind = "plan", x = { 0, 31 }, rows = { 0, 23 },
+            fascia = { 24, 25 }, fasciaX = { 8, 23 },
+            rise = 5 },                                     -- the top
+        },
+      },
+    },
   },
 }

lib/BattleArena.lua

@@ -109,6 +109,57 @@ BattleArena.SHAPES = {
   { id = "narrow", w = 1, h = 4, enemy = { 0, 0 }, player = { 0, 3 } },
 }
 
+-- ------- which way round the fight stands
+--
+-- Both shapes above are drawn north-south, with the foe at the top and the
+-- player below it, and the camera is solved for that: it sits off the
+-- player's shoulder, low and back down the arena's own axis. `turn` swings
+-- the WHOLE staging a quarter at a time -- the footprint, the two cells, and
+-- the camera with them -- so the composition on screen is identical and only
+-- the ground under it is different.
+--
+-- It buys two things.
+--
+-- A footprint that FITS. The wide shape is three cells by six; an east-west
+-- corridor two cells deep has no room for it standing up and all the room in
+-- the world for it lying down. Half the maps in Kanto run the other way from
+-- the one shape this mode was drawn in.
+--
+-- And a BACKDROP. A quarter turn moves the camera to a different side of the
+-- same patch of ground, so the wall behind the pair becomes the window
+-- behind them, or the cliff becomes the valley. Nothing about the shot's
+-- geometry changes -- the mons land on the same two screen anchors at the
+-- same size -- so this is purely a choice about what is behind them, made
+-- per map by somebody looking at it.
+--
+-- Written in DEGREES in data/battle_arenas.lua (`turn = 90`) because that is
+-- what it is; handled as quarter turns everywhere below.
+local function quarters(turn)
+  local q = math.floor(((tonumber(turn) or 0) / 90) + 0.5)
+  return ((q % 4) + 4) % 4
+end
+
+BattleArena.quarters = quarters
+
+-- The footprint a shape covers once turned: a quarter or three of a turn
+-- swaps how far it reaches in each direction, which is the whole reason a
+-- corridor takes one and not the other.
+function BattleArena.extent(shape, turn)
+  if quarters(turn) % 2 == 1 then return shape.h, shape.w end
+  return shape.w, shape.h
+end
+
+-- Where a cell offset inside the shape ends up under the same turn, measured
+-- from the turned footprint's own north-west corner -- so the corner an entry
+-- names stays the corner, whichever way the fight faces from it.
+local function spin(shape, turn, ox, oy)
+  local q = quarters(turn)
+  if q == 1 then return shape.h - 1 - oy, ox end
+  if q == 2 then return shape.w - 1 - ox, shape.h - 1 - oy end
+  if q == 3 then return oy, shape.w - 1 - ox end
+  return ox, oy
+end
+
 -- Whether a cell is open ground for the purpose above.
 --
 -- "Open" is the walk test the player themselves answer to, so an arena can
@@ -174,12 +225,19 @@ end
 
 -- Build the record the renderer reads: the two mons' cells and, in world
 -- pixels, the centre of each and of the pair.
-local function place(shape, x, y)
-  local ex, ey = x + shape.enemy[1], y + shape.enemy[2]
-  local px, py = x + shape.player[1], y + shape.player[2]
+local function place(shape, x, y, turn)
+  local eox, eoy = spin(shape, turn, shape.enemy[1], shape.enemy[2])
+  local pox, poy = spin(shape, turn, shape.player[1], shape.player[2])
+  local ex, ey = x + eox, y + eoy
+  local px, py = x + pox, y + poy
+  local w, h = BattleArena.extent(shape, turn)
   local arena = {
     shape = shape.id,
-    x = x, y = y, w = shape.w, h = shape.h,
+    -- carried in degrees, so everything downstream that reasons about the
+    -- shot -- the camera's base yaw above all -- reads the same number the
+    -- data file was written with
+    turn = quarters(turn) * 90,
+    x = x, y = y, w = w, h = h,
     enemyCell = { ex, ey },
     playerCell = { px, py },
     -- world-pixel centres of the two cells a mon stands on
@@ -302,8 +360,12 @@ function BattleArena.find(map, fromX, fromY, surfing)
       -- ocean rather than on a scrap of beach at the edge of the map. Land
       -- entries are unaffected: land passes the test either way.
       local grid, gw = openGrid(host, true)
-      if fits(grid, gw, pick.x, pick.y, shape.w, shape.h) then
-        local arena = place(shape, pick.x, pick.y)
+      -- measured against the TURNED footprint: an entry that lies the arena
+      -- down an east-west corridor covers different ground from the one that
+      -- stands it up, and the fit test is the thing that has to know
+      local fw, fh = BattleArena.extent(shape, pick.turn)
+      if fits(grid, gw, pick.x, pick.y, fw, fh) then
+        local arena = place(shape, pick.x, pick.y, pick.turn)
         arena.map = host
         -- which camera rig this spot is framed for; nil is the default long
         -- lens, "close" the short one small rooms need (see BattleCam)
@@ -321,9 +383,11 @@ end
 -- The arena at a given north-west corner, whatever the map says about it.
 -- The authoring tool's manual override: a spot chosen by eye rather than by
 -- the search, so it can be photographed and judged before it is written down.
-function BattleArena.at(x, y, shapeId)
+function BattleArena.at(x, y, shapeId, turn)
   for _, shape in ipairs(BattleArena.SHAPES) do
-    if shape.id == (shapeId or "wide") then return place(shape, x, y) end
+    if shape.id == (shapeId or "wide") then
+      return place(shape, x, y, turn)
+    end
   end
   return nil
 end

lib/BattleCam.lua

@@ -431,7 +431,22 @@ function BattleCam.rig(arena, groundY, canonical)
   -- arena's own axis, and the room the player has is all on the far side of
   -- that -- out toward square-on. (orbitRange measures exactly that room.)
   local steer = steered and -BattleCam.orbit * BattleCam.orbitRange(arena) or 0
-  local yaw = steer + (fixed and 0
+  -- ------- and the quarter turn the arena itself is standing at
+  --
+  -- An arena may be laid down any of the four ways (BattleArena's `turn`),
+  -- and the rig is solved for ONE of them: eye off the player's shoulder,
+  -- back down an axis that runs north-south. So the whole offset is turned
+  -- with the ground under it, which leaves the camera in exactly the same
+  -- place RELATIVE to the two mons -- same distance, same height, same
+  -- angle -- and therefore lands them on the same two screen anchors at the
+  -- same size. A turn is a fact about the map, never about the shot.
+  --
+  -- It goes in with the drift and the steer rather than beside them because
+  -- it is the same rotation about the same point; the player's own orbit is
+  -- then measured from wherever the arena starts, so both stops travel with
+  -- it and side-on stays side-on.
+  local base = math.rad(arena.turn or 0)
+  local yaw = base + steer + (fixed and 0
               or BattleCam.PAN_YAW * phase(BattleCam.t, BattleCam.PAN_PERIOD))
   local c, s = math.cos(yaw), math.sin(yaw)
   -- the breath scales the whole offset, height included, so the eye moves
@@ -443,7 +458,11 @@ function BattleCam.rig(arena, groundY, canonical)
   local dz = (R.side * s + R.back * c) * k
 
   local eye = { mx + dx, groundY + R.height * k, mz + dz }
-  local focus = { mx + R.lookX, groundY + R.lookY, mz }
+  -- the aim's own offset turns with the arena too, and with the BASE alone --
+  -- the drift and the steer swing the eye about the focus, so a focus that
+  -- followed them would take the thing being orbited around with it
+  local bc, bs = math.cos(base), math.sin(base)
+  local focus = { mx + R.lookX * bc, groundY + R.lookY, mz + R.lookX * bs }
 
   -- and the climb: the eye swung UP about the focus, at a constant radius.
   -- About the focus so the aim stays nailed to the two mons and only the

lib/BattleHud.lua

@@ -12,15 +12,17 @@
 -- and an opaque slab in the corner of the frame is the white field back
 -- again by another name.
 --
--- And the text flips. A panel over a sunlit meadow is bright and wants black
--- glyphs; the same panel over a cave floor or a dark roof is not, and wants
--- white ones. So the panel's average brightness is measured and the glyphs
--- follow it, with hysteresis so a slow camera drift across the threshold
--- cannot strobe them.
+-- The ink does NOT change. There was a pass here that measured each panel's
+-- average brightness and flipped the glyphs to white over a dark one, with
+-- hysteresis so a drifting camera could not strobe them. It worked, and it
+-- was still wrong: the battle menu is the one part of the frame the player
+-- reads constantly, and having its colour depend on what the camera happens
+-- to be pointing at makes it an unreliable piece of furniture. Gen 1's
+-- battle text is black, so it is black -- and the panel's tint is what
+-- earns that its contrast, on a cave floor as much as on a meadow.
 --
--- The measurement is a one-pixel readback, which is a GPU stall, so it runs
--- a few times a second rather than every frame. The camera drifts at about
--- a pixel a second; brightness cannot outrun that.
+-- Removing it also took out a one-pixel GPU readback that ran several times
+-- a second purely to answer a question nothing asks any more.
 
 -- the mod namespace (see main.lua): V.require loads a sibling module
 local V = ...
@@ -37,24 +39,13 @@ local BattleHud = {}
 BattleHud.FROST = 0.55
 BattleHud.TINT = 0.26
 
--- The luminance the glyphs flip at, with a dead band so a drift across it
--- settles rather than strobes.
-BattleHud.DARK_ENTER = 0.44   -- below this, the panel is dark: white glyphs
-BattleHud.DARK_LEAVE = 0.56   -- above this, back to black ones
-
--- Frames between brightness readbacks.
-BattleHud.SAMPLE_EVERY = 12
-
 -- The frost buffer's height; width follows the source's aspect. Small on
--- purpose: the downscale is most of the blur, and what is read back for the
--- brightness is one pixel of it.
+-- purpose: the downscale is most of the blur.
 BattleHud.FROST_H = 72
 
 local frost, frostW, frostH = nil, 0, 0
 local blurA, blurB = nil, nil
-local probe = nil
 local frame = 0
-local luma = {}      -- panel key -> { value, dark, at }
 
 local SHADER = [[
   uniform vec2 dir;
@@ -102,7 +93,6 @@ function BattleHud.build(src)
     frost = canvasOf(w, h)
     blurA = canvasOf(w, h)
     blurB = canvasOf(w, h)
-    probe = probe or canvasOf(1, 1)
     if not (frost and blurA and blurB) then
       frost, blurA, blurB, frostW, frostH = nil, nil, nil, 0, 0
       return nil
@@ -149,46 +139,6 @@ function BattleHud.frame()
   return frame
 end
 
--- Average luminance of the frost under `key`'s rect, in frost-canvas pixels.
---
--- Averaged by letting the GPU do it: the rect is drawn into a one-pixel
--- canvas, which IS the mean, and that one pixel is read back. Cached for
--- SAMPLE_EVERY frames because the readback synchronises the pipeline and
--- nothing it measures moves faster than that.
-local function sampleLuma(key, fx, fy, fw, fh)
-  local hit = luma[key]
-  if hit and (frame - hit.at) < BattleHud.SAMPLE_EVERY then return hit.value end
-  if not (frost and probe and frostW > 0) then return hit and hit.value end
-  if fw <= 0 or fh <= 0 then return hit and hit.value end
-
-  local prevCanvas = love.graphics.getCanvas()
-  local prevBlend, prevAlpha = love.graphics.getBlendMode()
-  local value = hit and hit.value or 1
-  local ok = pcall(function()
-    love.graphics.setCanvas(probe)
-    love.graphics.setBlendMode("replace", "premultiplied")
-    love.graphics.setColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
-    local quad = love.graphics.newQuad(fx, fy, fw, fh, frostW, frostH)
-    love.graphics.draw(frost, quad, 0, 0, 0, 1 / fw, 1 / fh)
-    love.graphics.setCanvas()
-    local data = probe:newImageData()
-    local r, g, b = data:getPixel(0, 0)
-    if data.release then pcall(data.release, data) end
-    value = 0.299 * r + 0.587 * g + 0.114 * b
-  end)
-
-  if prevCanvas then
-    love.graphics.setCanvas(prevCanvas)
-  else
-    love.graphics.setCanvas()
-  end
-  love.graphics.setBlendMode(prevBlend or "alpha", prevAlpha)
-  if not ok then return hit and hit.value end
-
-  luma[key] = { value = value, at = frame }
-  return value
-end
-
 -- Map a GB-frame rect onto the frost canvas, given where the letterbox sits
 -- in the source the frost was built from.
 local function frostRect(rect, box)
@@ -218,44 +168,14 @@ local function mapper(world)
   return world and frostRectWorld or frostRect
 end
 
--- ------- the verdict
---
--- ONE answer for the whole frame, not one per panel. Both HUDs draw in a
--- single pass and there is only one glyph colour to be had out of it -- and
--- a frame with a black-lettered HUD in one corner and a white-lettered one
--- in the other would read as a bug rather than as adaptation. The DARKER
--- panel decides, because it is the one that cannot afford to be wrong, and
--- the tint below then commits both panels to that reading.
-local wasDark = false
-
-function BattleHud.verdict(rects, box, world)
-  if not (frost and box and box.scale and box.scale > 0) then return false end
-  local toFrost = mapper(world)
-  local darkest = nil
-  for key, rect in pairs(rects) do
-    local fx, fy, fw, fh = toFrost(rect, box)
-    local v = sampleLuma(key, fx, fy, fw, fh)
-    if v and (not darkest or v < darkest) then darkest = v end
-  end
-  if not darkest then return wasDark end
-  -- hysteresis: it takes a clear move past the far threshold to flip back,
-  -- so a camera drifting across the boundary settles instead of strobing
-  if wasDark then
-    wasDark = darkest < BattleHud.DARK_LEAVE
-  else
-    wasDark = darkest < BattleHud.DARK_ENTER
-  end
-  return wasDark
-end
-
 -- Draw one HUD panel into the current target, in that target's own
 -- coordinates: GB ones for the 160x144 UI canvas, world pixels (world = true)
 -- for a panel laid straight onto the world image.
 --
--- The tint always pushes AWAY from the glyph colour that is about to be
--- used, so the contrast is guaranteed rather than hoped for: a dark panel
--- gets darker under white text, a bright one brighter under black text.
-function BattleHud.panel(rect, box, dark, world)
+-- The tint always pushes toward WHITE, away from the black ink that is about
+-- to land on it, so the contrast is guaranteed rather than hoped for -- and
+-- it is the whole of what makes a fixed ink colour workable over any ground.
+function BattleHud.panel(rect, box, world)
   if not (frost and box and box.scale and box.scale > 0) then return false end
   local fx, fy, fw, fh = mapper(world)(rect, box)
   local ok = pcall(function()
@@ -263,93 +183,13 @@ function BattleHud.panel(rect, box, dark, world)
     love.graphics.setColor(1, 1, 1, BattleHud.FROST)
     love.graphics.draw(frost, quad, rect[1], rect[2], 0,
                        rect[3] / fw, rect[4] / fh)
-    local shade = dark and 0 or 1
-    love.graphics.setColor(shade, shade, shade, BattleHud.TINT)
+    love.graphics.setColor(1, 1, 1, BattleHud.TINT)
     love.graphics.rectangle("fill", rect[1], rect[2], rect[3], rect[4])
     love.graphics.setColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
   end)
   return ok
 end
 
--- ------- flipping the glyphs
---
--- Over a dark panel the HUD's black text has to go white, and it cannot be
--- done by setting a draw colour: LOVE MULTIPLIES by it, and a black glyph
--- times white is still black. The colour channel has to be REPLACED.
---
--- So the HUD is drawn into a scratch layer and that layer is composited back
--- through a shader that whitens whatever is nearly black and leaves the rest
--- alone. "Nearly black" is the text, the tick marks and the bar's outline --
--- everything the HUD draws as ink -- while the HP bar's own greens and reds
--- are well clear of the threshold and come through untouched.
---
--- Composited back into whatever the caller had bound, which is what makes it
--- work in both pipelines without knowing which one it is in: in the colorized
--- one that target is the grayscale BG canvas, where white IS shade 0 and the
--- zone pass then colours the flipped glyphs like every other lightest-shade
--- surface; in the flat fallback it is the screen, where white is white.
-local INK = 0.35   -- luminance at or under which a pixel counts as ink
-
-local FLIP = [[
-  uniform float ink;
-  vec4 effect(vec4 color, Image tex, vec2 tc, vec2 sc) {
-    vec4 p = Texel(tex, tc);
-    float luma = dot(p.rgb, vec3(0.299, 0.587, 0.114));
-    if (p.a > 0.0 && luma <= ink * p.a) p.rgb = vec3(p.a);
-    return p * color;
-  }
-]]
-
-local flipShader = nil
-local layer = nil
-
-local function getFlip()
-  if flipShader == nil then
-    local ok, sh = pcall(love.graphics.newShader, FLIP)
-    flipShader = (ok and sh) or false
-  end
-  return flipShader or nil
-end
-
--- Whether the flip pass can run at all, for the shot driver's log.
-function BattleHud.flipReady()
-  return getFlip() ~= nil
-end
-
--- Run `fn` with its ink whitened. Falls back to running it plainly when the
--- scratch layer or the shader is unavailable, so a driver that cannot do
--- either gets the vanilla black HUD rather than no HUD.
-function BattleHud.flipGlyphs(w, h, fn)
-  local sh = getFlip()
-  if not sh then return fn() end
-  if not layer or layer:getWidth() ~= w or layer:getHeight() ~= h then
-    layer = canvasOf(w, h, "nearest")
-    if not layer then return fn() end
-  end
-
-  local prevCanvas = love.graphics.getCanvas()
-  local prevBlend, prevAlpha = love.graphics.getBlendMode()
-  local ok, err = pcall(function()
-    love.graphics.setCanvas(layer)
-    love.graphics.clear(0, 0, 0, 0)
-    love.graphics.setBlendMode("alpha")
-    fn()
-  end)
-  if prevCanvas then
-    love.graphics.setCanvas(prevCanvas)
-  else
-    love.graphics.setCanvas()
-  end
-  love.graphics.setBlendMode(prevBlend or "alpha", prevAlpha)
-  if not ok then error(err, 0) end
-
-  love.graphics.setShader(sh)
-  pcall(sh.send, sh, "ink", INK)
-  love.graphics.setColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
-  love.graphics.draw(layer, 0, 0)
-  love.graphics.setShader()
-end
-
 -- ------- the whole HUD layer as a texture
 --
 -- The two blocks do not sit in the same place any more: each is snapped to its
@@ -358,13 +198,9 @@ end
 -- places at once, so the layer is rendered ONCE into a GB-sized canvas and
 -- each block is then blitted out of it as a quad.
 --
--- `dark` runs the ink through the same flip the in-frame HUD uses, here baked
--- into the texture rather than composited into the caller's target -- the world
--- image the quads land on is a colour canvas, and a flip pass over it would
--- whiten the terrain behind the glyphs along with them.
 local hudLayer = nil
 
-function BattleHud.layerTexture(w, h, dark, fn)
+function BattleHud.layerTexture(w, h, fn)
   if not hudLayer or hudLayer:getWidth() ~= w or hudLayer:getHeight() ~= h then
     hudLayer = canvasOf(w, h, "nearest")
     if not hudLayer then return nil end
@@ -377,9 +213,7 @@ function BattleHud.layerTexture(w, h, dark, fn)
     g.clear(0, 0, 0, 0)
     g.setBlendMode("alpha")
     g.setColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
-    -- flipGlyphs renders fn into its own scratch layer and composites the
-    -- whitened result into whatever is bound, which is this canvas
-    if dark then BattleHud.flipGlyphs(w, h, fn) else fn() end
+    fn()
   end)
   if prevCanvas then g.setCanvas(prevCanvas) else g.setCanvas() end
   g.setBlendMode(prevBlend or "alpha", prevAlpha)
@@ -388,21 +222,10 @@ function BattleHud.layerTexture(w, h, dark, fn)
   return hudLayer
 end
 
--- The last luminance measured, for the shot driver's log.
-function BattleHud.lastLuma()
-  local best = nil
-  for _, hit in pairs(luma) do
-    if not best or hit.value < best then best = hit.value end
-  end
-  return best
-end
-
 function BattleHud.invalidate()
-  frost, blurA, blurB, probe = nil, nil, nil, nil
+  frost, blurA, blurB = nil, nil, nil
   frostW, frostH = 0, 0
-  luma = {}
-  wasDark = false
-  layer, hudLayer = nil, nil
+  hudLayer = nil
 end
 
 return BattleHud

lib/BattleScene.lua

@@ -48,6 +48,29 @@ local Map = require("src.world.Map")
 
 local BattleScene = {}
 
+-- ------- LET'S GO capture mode's stake in this scene
+--
+-- One table while a capture session runs, nil otherwise (see
+-- lib/CatchThrow.lua, which owns it):
+--
+--   hidePlayer   the player's side stays out of the shot entirely -- no
+--                card here, no model (Stadium reads this same table), no
+--                pinned back pic (OverworldBattle reads it too)
+--   shrink       the foe's scale while the ball drinks it in, applied
+--                about its chest so it collapses toward the beam
+--   draw(pull)   the Poke Ball, drawn after the Stadium models -- same
+--                depth buffer, same flash window, same camera
+--   cast(sm)     the same ball into the sun's pass
+--   sig()        a term for the cached shadow signature, so a ball in
+--                flight re-casts and a resting scene does not
+--   drawGB(b)    the 2D layer (ring, labels), drawn by OverworldBattle's
+--                BattleState:draw wrap in the GB frame
+--
+-- It lives HERE, not on OverworldBattle, because every consumer below
+-- already requires BattleScene and the one file that writes it requires
+-- both -- this is the spot with no require cycle.
+BattleScene.capture = nil
+
 -- The GB frame the battle screen is drawn in, and the frame BattleCam's rig
 -- is solved against.
 BattleScene.GB_W = 160
@@ -195,14 +218,29 @@ end
 local function monCards(arena, groundY, textures)
   local out = {}
   if not textures then return out end
+  local cap = BattleScene.capture
   for _, side in ipairs({ "enemy", "player" }) do
     local tex = textures[side]
     local cell = (side == "player") and arena.player or arena.enemy
+    -- capture mode: the player's side is out of the shot (the seat looks
+    -- over an empty shoulder), and OverworldBattle.textures already
+    -- skipped rendering it -- this is the belt to that suspender
+    if side == "player" and cap and cap.hidePlayer then tex = nil end
     if tex and tex.canvas and cell then
       local mirror = (side == "player") and not tex.trainer
-      out[#out + 1] = { tex = tex.canvas,
-                        model = monMatrix(tex, cell[1], groundY, cell[2],
-                                          mirror) }
+      local model = monMatrix(tex, cell[1], groundY, cell[2], mirror)
+      -- the foe drinking into the ball: scaled about its own chest, in
+      -- world space so the composed card matrix needs no decomposition
+      if side == "enemy" and cap and cap.shrink then
+        local k = cap.shrink
+        local ax, ay, az = cell[1], groundY + 8, cell[2]
+        model = Mat4.mul(
+          Mat4.mul(Mat4.translate(ax, ay, az),
+                   Mat4.mul(Mat4.scale(k, k, k),
+                            Mat4.translate(-ax, -ay, -az))),
+          model)
+      end
+      out[#out + 1] = { tex = tex.canvas, model = model }
     end
   end
   return out
@@ -303,24 +341,48 @@ end
 -- first drawn in.
 local function shadowSignature(state, arena, terrain, nbMesh, token)
   local host = arena.map or state.map
+  -- `turn` is in the signature with the corner and the shape: the same corner
+  -- turned a quarter is a different footprint standing on different ground,
+  -- and a cast kept from the other one freezes the shadows across it
   local parts = { "battle", host.id, arena.x, arena.y, arena.shape,
+                  tostring(arena.turn or 0),
                   tostring(terrain), tostring(token or 0),
                   -- the cycle keeps running through a fight, and an arena lit
                   -- from somewhere new must be re-cast from there
                   math.floor(ShadowMap.KX * 128),
                   math.floor(ShadowMap.KZ * 128) }
+  -- a capture session's ball moves through the sun's world too; its term
+  -- is quantised inside sig() so the cache re-renders on real movement
+  -- and not on every frame the ball rests
+  local cap = BattleScene.capture
+  if cap and cap.sig then
+    local okSig, sig = pcall(cap.sig)
+    parts[#parts + 1] = okSig and sig or "cap"
+  end
   for i = 1, #nbMesh do parts[#parts + 1] = tostring(nbMesh[i]) end
   return table.concat(parts, ",")
 end
 
 local function castShadows(state, arena, terrain, nbMesh, cx, cy, vw, vh,
                            atlasFor, cards, token, host, neighbors,
-                           water, nbWater)
+                           water, nbWater, groundY)
   if not ShadowMap.available() then return end
   local sig = shadowSignature(state, arena, terrain, nbMesh, token)
   if not ShadowMap.stale(sig) then return end
   if not ShadowMap.begin(cx, cy, vw, vh) then return end
 
+  -- A DISC RUNG: the two discs are the only ground there is, so they are the
+  -- only thing the sun has to see besides the Pokemon themselves. Everything
+  -- below this is a map that is not in the shot.
+  if arena.discs then
+    pcall(function()
+      V.require("StadiumStage").cast(ShadowMap, arena, groundY or 0)
+    end)
+    pcall(function() V.require("Stadium").cast(ShadowMap) end)
+    ShadowMap.finish(sig)
+    return
+  end
+
   ShadowMap.draw(terrain, atlasFor(host), nil)
   for i, nb in ipairs(neighbors) do
     ShadowMap.draw(nbMesh[i], atlasFor(nb.map), Mat4.translate(nb.ox, 0, nb.oy))
@@ -354,6 +416,17 @@ local function castShadows(state, arena, terrain, nbMesh, cx, cy, vw, vh,
                    ShadowMap.snug(card.model))
   end
   ShadowMap.sprites(false)
+  -- and the STADIUM models, when that rung is the one running. NOT marked
+  -- as sprites: that flag exists so a flat card's cut-out is kept off the
+  -- water (see ShadowMap.sprites), and these are real geometry standing in
+  -- the world -- a Gyarados at the water's edge should put a Gyarados on
+  -- the water. Un-snugged for the same reason: snug is a bias for a card
+  -- rooted to the ground plane, and a model has thickness of its own.
+  pcall(function() V.require("Stadium").cast(ShadowMap) end)
+  -- the capture session's ball, by the same reasoning: real geometry, its
+  -- shadow is half of what sells the arc
+  local cap = BattleScene.capture
+  if cap and cap.cast then pcall(cap.cast, ShadowMap) end
 
   ShadowMap.finish(sig)
 end
@@ -363,6 +436,11 @@ end
 -- the one nearer the camera and therefore the one a mismatch would show up
 -- against.
 function BattleScene.groundY(map, arena)
+  -- A disc rung's discs are carried, not found: their tops ARE the ground
+  -- plane, so there is no terrain height to read and reading one would put
+  -- the stage at whatever elevation the map happens to have at a spot the
+  -- fight is not actually happening on
+  if arena and arena.discs then return 0 end
   local ok, h = pcall(VoxelScene.groundAt, map,
                       arena.playerCell[1], arena.playerCell[2])
   return (ok and h) or 0
@@ -451,11 +529,37 @@ function BattleScene.render(state, arena, textures, token)
   -- no glint in the arena: the drift is the shot breathing, not the player
   -- moving, and a shimmer on background windows would fight the mons
   Voxel3D.glassGlint = 0
+  -- the host floor's atmosphere reaches the staged shot at HALF density --
+  -- a fight in Viridian Forest sits in the same haze the walk there did,
+  -- thinned so neither mon goes soft -- and its god rays stay out of it:
+  -- this camera is low and long, and a bright blade across a combatant
+  -- reads as a rendering fault, not weather. nil almost everywhere.
+  local ForestAtmos = V.require("ForestAtmos")
+  local atmos = ForestAtmos.frame(host)
+  Voxel3D.fog = atmos and { color = atmos.fog.color,
+                            density = atmos.fog.density * 0.5,
+                            start = atmos.fog.start,
+                            heightK = atmos.fog.heightK } or nil
+
+  -- A B RUNG stands the fight on two carried discs against the sky, with no
+  -- map in the shot at all (see StadiumStage). Everything below still runs --
+  -- the letterbox, the camera solve, the sun, the pins, the tint, the depth
+  -- of field -- because none of it is about the terrain; what changes is
+  -- which geometry the two passes draw.
+  local discs = arena.discs and true or false
 
   -- shares the free-roam mode's request/evict bookkeeping, so a battle warms
   -- exactly the meshes walking around would have and nothing extra
-  local terrain, nbMesh, water, nbWater = prefetchArena(state, host)
-  if not terrain then return nil end
+  local terrain, nbMesh, water, nbWater
+  if discs then
+    -- and nothing is meshed for a disc fight, which is the other half of why
+    -- the rung works everywhere: there is no waiting for a chunk to build, so
+    -- the first frame of the first battle on a cold map is the finished shot
+    nbMesh, water, nbWater = {}, nil, {}
+  else
+    terrain, nbMesh, water, nbWater = prefetchArena(state, host)
+    if not terrain then return nil end
+  end
 
   local lx, ly, s, pw, ph = BattleScene.letterbox()
   if not (pw > 0 and ph > 0 and s > 0) then return nil end
@@ -466,7 +570,18 @@ function BattleScene.render(state, arena, textures, token)
   end
 
   local groundY = BattleScene.groundY(host, arena)
-  local cam, pitch = BattleCam.rig(arena, groundY)
+  -- A capture session brings a camera of its own: the head-on seat, on
+  -- the arena's axis looking straight at the foe, in place of the solved
+  -- over-the-shoulder shot. Everything downstream -- the letterbox fov,
+  -- the pins, the sun, the cards yawing to the eye -- is generic over
+  -- whichever camera this is.
+  local cam, pitch, capFrameH
+  local cap = BattleScene.capture
+  if cap and cap.rig then
+    local okRig, c, p, fh = pcall(cap.rig, arena, groundY)
+    if okRig and c then cam, pitch, capFrameH = c, p or 0.15, fh end
+  end
+  if not cam then cam, pitch = BattleCam.rig(arena, groundY) end
   cam.fov = BattleScene.letterboxFov(cam.fov, ph, s)
 
   local cx, cy = arena.mid[1], arena.mid[2]
@@ -475,7 +590,8 @@ function BattleScene.render(state, arena, textures, token)
   -- the player's zoom is part of this: the sun's box is fitted to what the
   -- frame holds, so a shot pulled wide has to light the ground it just
   -- brought into view rather than the ground the rig alone would have
-  local vh = BattleCam.frameH(arena) * ph / (BattleScene.GB_H * s)
+  local vh = (capFrameH or BattleCam.frameH(arena)) * ph
+             / (BattleScene.GB_H * s)
   local vw = vh * pw / ph
 
   -- the cards need the camera's eye to face it, so the rig has to be live
@@ -487,7 +603,7 @@ function BattleScene.render(state, arena, textures, token)
   local cards = monCards(arena, groundY, textures)
   Voxel3D.camera = nil
   castShadows(state, arena, terrain, nbMesh, cx, cy, vw, vh, atlasFor,
-              cards, token, host, neighbors, water, nbWater)
+              cards, token, host, neighbors, water, nbWater, groundY)
 
   -- An opaque void either way. Outdoors the camera is low enough that the
   -- horizon is genuinely in frame, so it is sky; indoors it is the dark end
@@ -496,6 +612,18 @@ function BattleScene.render(state, arena, textures, token)
   -- geometry stops.
   local sky = VoxelScene.skyColor(host, 1)
              or VoxelScene.skyShade(INDOOR_SHADE, 1)
+  -- On a disc rung the void is not a backdrop behind the scenery -- it IS the
+  -- scenery, because the map is not drawn. So outdoors it gets the full
+  -- treatment the free-roam camera gets: the banded gradient and the hour's
+  -- own sun or moon hanging in it (Voxel3D.beginScene paints those when the
+  -- sky it is handed carries bands). Indoors there is nothing to dress: a
+  -- room's void is one flat shade, which is what a room looks like past the
+  -- wall, and the disc fight in a cave is lit and coloured as that cave.
+  if discs and VoxelScene.skyColor(host, 1) then
+    local Sky = V.require("Sky")
+    local okDress, dressed = pcall(Sky.dress, sky)
+    if okDress and dressed then sky = dressed end
+  end
 
   Voxel3D.camera = cam
   -- the sun is turned up for the arena and put back afterwards, so the
@@ -528,6 +656,13 @@ function BattleScene.render(state, arena, textures, token)
     if not Voxel3D.beginScene(rw, rh, cx, cy, vw, vh, sky, "battle") then
       return
     end
+    if discs then
+      -- discs: the two platforms, and nothing else. No terrain, no
+      -- neighbouring maps, no water, no grass and no flowers -- see the
+      -- matching skips further down. What is behind them is the sky the
+      -- clear painted.
+      V.require("StadiumStage").draw(arena, groundY)
+    else
     Voxel3D.draw(terrain, atlasFor(host), nil)
     for i, nb in ipairs(neighbors) do
       Voxel3D.draw(nbMesh[i], atlasFor(nb.map),
@@ -549,6 +684,7 @@ function BattleScene.render(state, arena, textures, token)
                      Mat4.translate(nb.ox, 0, nb.oy))
       end
     end
+    end
     -- The mons, standing on their tiles. Depth-tested like everything else,
     -- so a ledge or a tree between the camera and a Pokemon really is in
     -- front of it, and the alpha discard cuts the sprite's own outline out of
@@ -579,24 +715,40 @@ function BattleScene.render(state, arena, textures, token)
     end
     Voxel3D.glass(true)
     Voxel3D.seams(true)
+    -- and the STADIUM models, inside the same flash window and with the
+    -- same camera-ward pull, so a Pokemon standing on its tile still wins
+    -- the depth test against the tile. They manage the wireframe and the
+    -- glass mask around their own draws (StadiumRig), which is why this
+    -- sits outside the pair above rather than inside it.
+    local okStadium, stadiumErr = pcall(function()
+      V.require("Stadium").draw(BattleBillboard.PULL)
+    end)
+    if not okStadium then V.require("Stadium").report(stadiumErr) end
+    -- the capture session's Poke Ball, still inside the flash window and
+    -- with the mons' own camera-ward pull, so a ball crossing in front of
+    -- a card wins the depth test the way a nearer thing should
+    local cap = BattleScene.capture
+    if cap and cap.draw then pcall(cap.draw, BattleBillboard.PULL) end
     if flashing then Voxel3D.flatten(nil) end
     -- grass and flowers ride the same camera-ward pull the free-roam pass
     -- gives them, measured against THIS camera's pitch rather than the
     -- orbit's -- there is no character here for them to overdraw, but the
     -- pull is also what keeps a tuft from z-fighting the floor it stands on
     local pull = VoxelScene.pull(math.max(pitch, 0.05))
-    Voxel3D.draw(ChunkMesher.grass(host), atlasFor(host), nil, pull)
-    for _, nb in ipairs(neighbors) do
-      Voxel3D.draw(ChunkMesher.grass(nb.map), atlasFor(nb.map),
-                   Mat4.translate(nb.ox, 0, nb.oy), pull)
-    end
-    local fpull = math.max(0, pull - 8 * math.sin(math.max(pitch, 0.05)))
-    Voxel3D.draw(ChunkMesher.flowers(host), atlasFor(host), nil, fpull,
-                 ShadowMap.snug(nil))
-    for _, nb in ipairs(neighbors) do
-      Voxel3D.draw(ChunkMesher.flowers(nb.map), atlasFor(nb.map),
-                   Mat4.translate(nb.ox, 0, nb.oy), fpull,
-                   ShadowMap.snug(Mat4.translate(nb.ox, 0, nb.oy)))
+    if not discs then
+      Voxel3D.draw(ChunkMesher.grass(host), atlasFor(host), nil, pull)
+      for _, nb in ipairs(neighbors) do
+        Voxel3D.draw(ChunkMesher.grass(nb.map), atlasFor(nb.map),
+                     Mat4.translate(nb.ox, 0, nb.oy), pull)
+      end
+      local fpull = math.max(0, pull - 8 * math.sin(math.max(pitch, 0.05)))
+      Voxel3D.draw(ChunkMesher.flowers(host), atlasFor(host), nil, fpull,
+                   ShadowMap.snug(nil))
+      for _, nb in ipairs(neighbors) do
+        Voxel3D.draw(ChunkMesher.flowers(nb.map), atlasFor(nb.map),
+                     Mat4.translate(nb.ox, 0, nb.oy), fpull,
+                     ShadowMap.snug(Mat4.translate(nb.ox, 0, nb.oy)))
+      end
     end
     local canvas = AntiAlias.resolve(Voxel3D.endScene(), pw, ph, "battle")
     if not canvas then return end
@@ -610,25 +762,47 @@ function BattleScene.render(state, arena, textures, token)
     -- How wide one overworld square is on screen where each mon stands, in
     -- GB pixels. This is what the pics are scaled to: a mon covers its own
     -- square and no more, at whatever the drift has done to the distance.
+    --
+    -- Measured along BOTH map axes and answered as the larger, as a full
+    -- 2D screen distance. One axis alone breaks the moment a camera looks
+    -- ALONG it: the capture seat stands on the arena's own axis, and on a
+    -- quarter-turned arena that axis is world X -- the ±X probe points
+    -- then project to the same pixel and the span reads zero, which
+    -- collapsed the ring and blew up the throw's world-per-pixel mapping.
     local half = BattleScene.CELL / 2
-    local pl = BattleScene.toGB(vp, arena.player[1] - half, groundY,
-                                arena.player[2], lx, ly, s, pw, ph)
-    local pr = BattleScene.toGB(vp, arena.player[1] + half, groundY,
-                                arena.player[2], lx, ly, s, pw, ph)
-    local el = BattleScene.toGB(vp, arena.enemy[1] - half, groundY,
-                                arena.enemy[2], lx, ly, s, pw, ph)
-    local er = BattleScene.toGB(vp, arena.enemy[1] + half, groundY,
-                                arena.enemy[2], lx, ly, s, pw, ph)
-    if not (pl and pr and el and er) then return end
+    local function cellSpan(wx, wz)
+      local x1, y1 = BattleScene.toGB(vp, wx - half, groundY, wz,
+                                      lx, ly, s, pw, ph)
+      local x2, y2 = BattleScene.toGB(vp, wx + half, groundY, wz,
+                                      lx, ly, s, pw, ph)
+      local x3, y3 = BattleScene.toGB(vp, wx, groundY, wz - half,
+                                      lx, ly, s, pw, ph)
+      local x4, y4 = BattleScene.toGB(vp, wx, groundY, wz + half,
+                                      lx, ly, s, pw, ph)
+      if not (x1 and x2 and x3 and x4) then return nil end
+      local ew = math.sqrt((x2 - x1) ^ 2 + (y2 - y1) ^ 2)
+      local ns = math.sqrt((x4 - x3) ^ 2 + (y4 - y3) ^ 2)
+      return math.max(ew, ns)
+    end
+    local pSpan = cellSpan(arena.player[1], arena.player[2])
+    local eSpan = cellSpan(arena.enemy[1], arena.enemy[2])
+    if not (pSpan and eSpan) then return end
     out = {
       canvas = canvas,
       player = { pmx, pmy },
       enemy = { emx, emy },
-      playerSpan = math.abs(pr - pl),
-      enemySpan = math.abs(er - el),
+      playerSpan = pSpan,
+      enemySpan = eSpan,
       -- the letterbox, so the depth-of-field pass can put its sharp band on
       -- the two marks rather than on a fraction of the window
       lx = lx, ly = ly, scale = s, pw = pw, ph = ph,
+      -- the camera and its combined matrix, for anything that reasons
+      -- about this shot from outside the render -- the capture mode's
+      -- throw is solved in these (aim errors along this eye's own right
+      -- and forward, contact judged through this vp)
+      eye = { cam.eye[1], cam.eye[2], cam.eye[3] },
+      focus = { cam.focus[1], cam.focus[2], cam.focus[3] },
+      vp = vp,
       -- and the hour's light, for anything drawn over this shot that is NOT
       -- geometry and so never went past the shader that applied it -- the back
       -- pic pinned to the menu (see OverworldBattle.backPinned). Neutral

lib/Buildings.lua

@@ -264,6 +264,27 @@ local function measure(sp, t)
     top[x] = r
   end
 
+  -- The row a column's roof SURFACE may sink to. `top[x]` is the
+  -- silhouette cap -- the black the drawing closes its shape with -- and
+  -- the depth map spends most of a tapered column's depth above it, so
+  -- clamping onto `top[x]` paints that one outline pixel the length of
+  -- the slope and the courses beat against it. The surface belongs on the
+  -- first PAINTED row instead: the same refusal to let the outline stand
+  -- as a face that the side faces already make below.
+  local surfaceTop = {}
+  for x = 0, W - 1 do
+    local y = top[x]
+    while y < roofRows and sp.inside[y * W + x]
+        and sp.col[y * W + x] == BLACK do
+      y = y + 1
+    end
+    if y < roofRows and sp.inside[y * W + x] then
+      surfaceTop[x] = y
+    else
+      surfaceTop[x] = top[x]
+    end
+  end
+
   -- The drawing's own ground line: the row after the last drawn one. A
   -- building ends on the black threshold row it stands on (ground == H),
   -- but furniture is drawn standing on open floor -- the lab table's
@@ -386,7 +407,7 @@ local function measure(sp, t)
   -- building. `depthPx` names it in voxels, for an object whose real
   -- depth is not a whole tile row -- the Bike Shop toolbox is a box
   -- standing in the middle of its own cell, not a thing that fills a plot.
-  return { top = top, ytop = ytop,
+  return { top = top, surfaceTop = surfaceTop, ytop = ytop,
            D = t.depthPx or ((t.depth or #t.tiles) * 8),
            ground = ground,
            recess = recess, interior = interior, shadeTexel = shadeTexel }
@@ -436,7 +457,8 @@ local function deskSetModel(sp, pr, t)
   local function buildParts(plane)
     for _, p in ipairs(t.parts) do
       Budget.tick()
-      local x0, x1 = p.x[1], p.x[2]
+      local x0 = p.x and p.x[1] or 0
+      local x1 = p.x and p.x[2] or (W - 1)
       if p.kind == "flat" then
         -- drawn row = depth row by default; `z` renames the origin when
         -- the flat sits below the desk's own drawn top span (the Center
@@ -561,6 +583,94 @@ local function deskSetModel(sp, pr, t)
             end
           end
         end
+      elseif p.kind == "plan" then
+        -- A PLAN part is a slab whose plan IS the drawn top view: the
+        -- band's silhouette becomes the footprint pixel for pixel
+        -- (drawn row = depth row, the same 1:1 every tabletop is drawn
+        -- with), so an octagonal top stands as an octagon rather than
+        -- the box no rectangular band can escape. The top layer wears
+        -- the band itself, outline and all; the rim layers below wear
+        -- the drawn fascia rows folded down the edge (x clamped into
+        -- the drawn fascia's span), and the slab's unseen interior the
+        -- field's dark texel.
+        local r0, r1 = p.rows[1], p.rows[2]
+        local f0, f1 = p.fascia[1], p.fascia[2]
+        local fx0, fx1 = p.fasciaX[1], p.fasciaX[2]
+        local rise = p.rise or 0
+        local h = (f1 - f0 + 1) + 1
+        if rise + h > ytop then ytop = rise + h end
+        local function drawn(sx, z)
+          return sx >= x0 and sx <= x1 and z >= 0 and z <= r1 - r0
+                 and inside[(r0 + z) * W + sx]
+        end
+        for z = 0, r1 - r0 do
+          if z >= 0 and z < D then
+            local sy = r0 + z
+            for sx = x0, x1 do
+              if inside[sy * W + sx] then
+                put(sx, rise + h - 1, z, sy * W + sx)
+                local edge = not (drawn(sx - 1, z) and drawn(sx + 1, z)
+                                  and drawn(sx, z - 1) and drawn(sx, z + 1))
+                for y = rise, rise + h - 2 do
+                  if edge then
+                    local fsx = math.max(fx0, math.min(fx1, sx))
+                    put(sx, y, z, (f0 + (rise + h - 2 - y)) * W + fsx)
+                  else
+                    put(sx, y, z, pr.shadeTexel[DARK])
+                  end
+                end
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      elseif p.kind == "disc" then
+        -- A DISC part is ROUND IN PLAN -- the pedestal column and base
+        -- the projection can only draw from the front. Centre and
+        -- radius are measured off the drawn widths (a flattened arc is
+        -- a horizontal circle seen from above); the circular footprint
+        -- is synthesized like any continued geometry, and every voxel
+        -- still wears the drawing: the side folds the drawn face-on
+        -- rows around the hull (x clamped into the drawn span, rows
+        -- repeating up the height), and `cap` lays the drawn top-view
+        -- rows over the top layer's interior, drawn north rows to the
+        -- plan's north. `cx2`/`cz2` are DOUBLED plan centres, so an
+        -- even diameter keeps its centre between two voxels instead of
+        -- limping one off.
+        local r, rise, h = p.r, p.rise or 0, p.h
+        local s0, s1 = p.side.rows[1], p.side.rows[2]
+        local sa0, sa1 = p.side.x[1], p.side.x[2]
+        local sn = s1 - s0 + 1
+        if rise + h > ytop then ytop = rise + h end
+        local function inDisc(x, z)
+          local dx = 2 * x + 1 - p.cx2
+          local dz = 2 * z + 1 - p.cz2
+          return dx * dx + dz * dz <= 4 * r * r
+        end
+        local zlo = math.floor((p.cz2 - 2 * r) / 2)
+        for x = math.floor((p.cx2 - 2 * r) / 2),
+                math.floor((p.cx2 + 2 * r) / 2) do
+          for z = math.max(0, zlo),
+                  math.min(D - 1, math.floor((p.cz2 + 2 * r) / 2)) do
+            if inDisc(x, z) then
+              local edge = not (inDisc(x - 1, z) and inDisc(x + 1, z)
+                                and inDisc(x, z - 1) and inDisc(x, z + 1))
+              for y = rise, rise + h - 1 do
+                local sx, sy
+                if p.cap and y == rise + h - 1 and not edge then
+                  local c0, c1 = p.cap.rows[1], p.cap.rows[2]
+                  sy = math.min(c1, c0 + math.floor((z - zlo)
+                                                    * (c1 - c0 + 1)
+                                                    / (2 * r)))
+                  sx = math.max(p.cap.x[1], math.min(p.cap.x[2], x))
+                else
+                  sy = s0 + (rise + h - 1 - y) % sn
+                  sx = math.max(sa0, math.min(sa1, x))
+                end
+                put(x, y, z, sy * W + sx)
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
       else
         local tr0, tr1 = p.top[1], p.top[2]
         local fr0, fr1 = p.facade[1], p.facade[2]
@@ -882,6 +992,7 @@ local function model(sp, pr, t)
   local W, H, D = sp.W, sp.H, pr.D
   local slab, roofRows = t.slab, t.roofRows
   local top, ytop, ground = pr.top, pr.ytop, pr.ground
+  local surfaceTop = pr.surfaceTop
 
   -- The roof's drawn span. A sprite inset from its box (B03) leaves outer
   -- columns undrawn in the roof band; they carry no roof at all, and the
@@ -931,11 +1042,12 @@ local function model(sp, pr, t)
     if top[x] < roofRows
         and y > tx - slab and y <= tx and z >= rz0 and z <= rz1 then
       if y == tx and x > x0d and x < x1d and z > rz0 and z < rz1 then
-        -- the surface itself. Clamping the row into the column's first
-        -- drawn row keeps the flank battens running down the slope
-        -- instead of falling off the silhouette.
+        -- the surface itself. Lifting the row into the column's first
+        -- PAINTED row keeps the flank battens running down the slope
+        -- instead of falling off the silhouette -- and off its cap, which
+        -- is outline black and belongs to the rim, not to the surface.
         local sy = roofSy[z]
-        if sy < top[x] then sy = top[x] end
+        if sy < surfaceTop[x] then sy = surfaceTop[x] end
         return sy * W + x
       end
       -- The rim reproduces the eave the drawing itself paints under the

lib/Diorama.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+-- The DIORAMA modes: Kanto as a model you can pick up.
+--
+-- STANDARD VR presents whatever rung the player is on -- the orbit rungs
+-- become a tabletop, 1ST stands you inside the world (see lib/VR.lua).
+-- DIORAMA is a different promise, and it is one promise rather than a
+-- ladder: the world is ALWAYS the model on the table, seen from outside,
+-- and what the headset adds is that the model is a THING IN THE ROOM --
+-- grab it, turn it, set it down somewhere else, decide how much of it you
+-- want to be holding.
+--
+-- Two pieces make that read, and this file owns both.
+--
+--   THE VIEWPORT. Everything outside an invisible BOX centred on the view
+--   is simply not drawn -- the Final Fantasy Tactics read, a square slab
+--   of the world sitting in the air rather than a map running off to a
+--   horizon. A square cut with a HARD edge, because a flat world is a
+--   thing with sides and the sides are what say so.
+--
+--   V-CURVE is what changes its shape. With the bend on, the world is not
+--   flat any more -- it is a little globe curling away over its own
+--   horizon -- and a square cut through a globe is a lie about what is
+--   being looked at. So the box becomes a BALL, and its rim becomes a
+--   GRADIENT that dissolves into the sky rather than an edge that
+--   guillotines it. One click of the left stick (which throws V-CURVE --
+--   see lib/VR) swaps between the two readings of the same model.
+--
+--   A staged fight ignores both and cuts a vertical PILLAR about the
+--   arena, which lifts the fight out of the map as a floating disc.
+--
+--   (A BASE was built under all this once -- the ground extruded a tile
+--   deep, cut to the viewport's shape, wearing Mt Moon's cave floor down
+--   its sides -- and it was REMOVED at the user's request. The cut ends at
+--   the ground plane now; don't put a plinth back under it.)
+--
+--   THE GRIP. Squeeze one and the model follows that hand through the
+--   room; squeeze both and it turns with them and the viewport resizes
+--   to whatever you open your hands to. All of it is arithmetic on the
+--   XR-to-world mapping lib/VRRig already had (an anchor, a yaw and a
+--   scale), so nothing about the world's own geometry knows this is
+--   happening.
+--
+-- DIORAMA-MR is the same mode with the background keyed pure green, for
+-- a mixed-reality capture that composites the model into the room the
+-- player is actually standing in.
+--
+-- Nothing here reaches the flat screen: every field is set by lib/VR for
+-- the length of one headset frame and cleared with the session.
+
+-- the mod namespace (see main.lua): V.require loads a sibling module
+local V = ...
+
+local Diorama = {}
+
+-- ------- the viewport
+--
+-- The half-size at rest, as a fraction of the view height the flat screen
+-- frames. Sized off the VIEW rather than fixed in world pixels so the zoom
+-- rows keep meaning what they mean -- a zoomed-in rung frames less world
+-- and gets a smaller model, exactly as it frames a smaller picture.
+--
+-- The BOX takes half of it, so the square is exactly the view the standard
+-- rung would have shown, edge to edge. The BALL takes rather more: a ball
+-- inscribed in that square holds noticeably less world (its corners are
+-- the four biggest pieces of it), and the point of the V-CURVE throw is to
+-- see the same model curl, not to lose a quarter of it.
+Diorama.BOX_FRAC = 0.5
+Diorama.BALL_FRAC = 0.62
+
+-- How far the grips may open and close it, as a multiplier on that.
+Diorama.SCALE_MIN = 0.3
+Diorama.SCALE_MAX = 4
+
+-- The rim under V-CURVE, as a fraction of the radius: where the world
+-- starts fading and where it has finished. Wide enough to read as a
+-- dissolve rather than an edge, narrow enough that the middle of the model
+-- is solid. The BOX has no fade at all -- see fadeFor.
+Diorama.FADE_FRAC = 0.16
+
+-- The staged fight's disc: the arena's own half-length plus an apron, in
+-- world pixels (a map cell is 16). The two mons stand three cells apart,
+-- so this is a disc about seven cells across -- the fight, the ground it
+-- is fought on, and nothing else.
+Diorama.ARENA_APRON = 32
+
+-- ------- what the live frame is
+--
+-- All three set by lib/VR for the length of one headset frame, and by
+-- nothing else. `on` is the whole mode's gate; VoxelScene reads it once
+-- per frame and every diorama-shaped thing hangs off that read.
+Diorama.on = false
+Diorama.keyed = false
+Diorama.cull = nil        -- { x, y, z, r, invFade, kind }
+
+-- Chroma green, and PURE green deliberately: a keyer wants the one colour
+-- nothing in the picture can accidentally be, and no palette this mod can
+-- paint the world in reaches 0,255,0.
+Diorama.KEY_COLOR = { 0, 1, 0 }
+
+-- ------- what the grips have done to it
+--
+-- Kept across frames (this is where the model IS, as far as the player is
+-- concerned) and cleared only when the session ends. `offset` is in LOCAL
+-- metres and rides the mapping's anchor, `yaw` turns the mapping, `zoom`
+-- multiplies the viewport's radius.
+Diorama.offset = { 0, 0, 0 }
+Diorama.yaw = 0
+Diorama.zoom = 1
+
+function Diorama.reset()
+  Diorama.on, Diorama.keyed, Diorama.cull = false, false, nil
+  Diorama.offset = { 0, 0, 0 }
+  Diorama.yaw, Diorama.zoom = 0, 1
+  Diorama.release()
+end
+
+-- ------- which way a staged fight lies on the table
+--
+-- The disc's bearing while a battle is up: the player's own hand-turn, with
+-- the ARENA's quarter turn taken back out of it.
+--
+-- An arena may be laid down any of the four ways (BattleArena's `turn`), and
+-- the promise that field makes everywhere else is that turning it changes the
+-- GROUND under the fight and never the fight itself -- the two Pokemon land
+-- on the same marks, seen the same way round. Every other camera keeps that
+-- promise by construction: the flat shot and the standard VR mount are both
+-- built from BattleCam's eye, which turns with the arena, so the composition
+-- follows it round.
+--
+-- This one is not built from that eye. It is a disc of map lifted onto the
+-- table, and its bearing is the arena's bearing in the WORLD -- so a fight
+-- staged on a turned arena arrived on the table lying across the head that
+-- was looking at it, while the same fight on an unturned one faced properly.
+-- Same fight, same composition everywhere else, sideways here.
+--
+-- So the turn comes back out. Subtracted, matching the sign the standard
+-- mount already lands on: its yaw is atan2 of (eye - focus), and rotating
+-- that pair by +turn takes the bearing to (bearing - turn). One rule, two
+-- seats.
+--
+-- The hand-turn stays on top of it, because that is the player moving the
+-- model and is theirs to keep.
+function Diorama.battleYaw(arena)
+  local turn = (arena and arena.turn) or 0
+  if turn == 0 then return Diorama.yaw end
+  local yaw = Diorama.yaw - math.rad(turn)
+  -- kept in (-pi, pi] like the grips leave it, so nothing downstream has to
+  -- care which way round it came
+  return (yaw + math.pi) % (2 * math.pi) - math.pi
+end
+
+-- Open a diorama frame. `mode` is VR.mode()'s answer; anything that is
+-- not a diorama mode closes it.
+function Diorama.begin(mode)
+  Diorama.on = (mode == "diorama" or mode == "diorama-mr")
+  Diorama.keyed = Diorama.on and mode == "diorama-mr"
+  if not Diorama.on then Diorama.cull = nil end
+  return Diorama.on
+end
+
+function Diorama.stop()
+  Diorama.on, Diorama.keyed, Diorama.cull = false, false, nil
+end
+
+-- What the world's background must be cleared to, or nil to leave the sky
+-- alone. Only ever a colour in DIORAMA-MR, and only while a frame is open.
+function Diorama.keyColor()
+  if not (Diorama.on and Diorama.keyed) then return nil end
+  return Diorama.KEY_COLOR
+end
+
+-- ------- the viewport, as the shaders take it
+--
+-- `kind` is the shader's own switch: 0 no cut, 1 the box, 2 the ball, 3
+-- the fight's pillar. `invFade` is one over the fade band in world pixels,
+-- so the rim is a single multiply out there -- and a hard edge is simply a
+-- band under a pixel wide, which costs the shader no branch of its own.
+Diorama.BOX = 1
+Diorama.BALL = 2
+Diorama.PILLAR = 3
+
+-- The half-size the viewport stands at right now, for a view `vh` world
+-- pixels tall -- the flat framing this rung would have shown -- and for
+-- the shape it is currently in.
+function Diorama.radius(vh, curved)
+  local frac = curved and Diorama.BALL_FRAC or Diorama.BOX_FRAC
+  return math.max(24, (vh or 288) * frac * Diorama.zoom)
+end
+
+-- Whether the world is BENT right now, which is the whole of what decides
+-- the viewport's shape: a square cut suits a flat slab of map, and a
+-- curved world rolling away over its own horizon wants a ball with a
+-- dissolve. Asked of the row rather than remembered, so the V-CURVE the
+-- stick click throws (and the "7" key, and the OPTIONS row) all reach it.
+function Diorama.curved()
+  local ok, on = pcall(function()
+    return V.require("WorldCurve").active()
+  end)
+  return ok and on or false
+end
+
+-- The fade band for a cut of half-size `r`: the curve's dissolve, or a
+-- hard edge (band 0) for the box.
+function Diorama.fadeFor(r, curved)
+  if not curved then return 0 end
+  return math.max(1, r * Diorama.FADE_FRAC)
+end
+
+local function volume(kind, x, y, z, r, fade)
+  return { x = x, y = y, z = z, r = r,
+           -- The BOX kind is rectangular in the shader, because the flat
+           -- screen's box is the WINDOW's own footprint and a window is not
+           -- square (lib/ViewBox). A headset's model has no window to be
+           -- shaped like, so this one is: the same half-size twice.
+           rx = r, rz = r,
+           -- a zero band is a hard edge: half a pixel of ramp, which is
+           -- one pixel of antialiasing rather than a stair
+           invFade = 1 / math.max(fade or 0, 0.5), kind = kind }
+end
+
+-- The viewport this frame, centred on the world point the model is pinned
+-- by: the BOX ordinarily, and the BALL while the world is curved.
+function Diorama.viewport(cx, cy, vh)
+  local curved = Diorama.curved()
+  local r = Diorama.radius(vh, curved)
+  Diorama.cull = volume(curved and Diorama.BALL or Diorama.BOX,
+                        cx, 0, cy, r, Diorama.fadeFor(r, curved))
+  return Diorama.cull
+end
+
+-- The staged fight's disc: a vertical pillar about the arena's midpoint,
+-- wide enough for both mons and their apron. Vertical means UNBOUNDED --
+-- a tree standing on the disc keeps all of its height, which is what
+-- makes the cut read as the ground having been lifted out rather than as
+-- the world having been sliced through at eye level.
+function Diorama.pillar(arena)
+  if not (arena and arena.mid) then return nil end
+  local mx, mz = arena.mid[1], arena.mid[2]
+  local r = Diorama.ARENA_APRON
+  if arena.player and arena.enemy then
+    local dx = arena.player[1] - mx
+    local dz = arena.player[2] - mz
+    r = r + math.sqrt(dx * dx + dz * dz)
+  end
+  -- Round whatever the curve is doing -- a fight is a disc, and a square
+  -- arena tile floating in the air is not the picture -- and ALWAYS
+  -- dissolved at the rim, curve or no curve. The box's hard edge is there
+  -- to say "this is a flat slab of map with sides"; a fight is a thing
+  -- lifted out of the world and hanging in the air, and a hard edge on it
+  -- reads as a cookie cutter rather than as a piece of ground.
+  Diorama.cull = volume(Diorama.PILLAR, mx, 0, mz, r,
+                        Diorama.fadeFor(r, true))
+  return Diorama.cull
+end
+
+-- ------- the grips
+--
+-- One hand carries the model; two turn it and open the viewport. The
+-- gesture is measured as a DELTA per frame rather than from where the
+-- squeeze started, so letting go and taking hold again never snaps
+-- anything -- the model simply stops following and starts again.
+
+Diorama.GRIP = 0.6              -- squeezed past this counts as holding on
+Diorama.SPREAD_MIN = 0.08       -- hands closer than this give no scale
+
+local lastOne = nil             -- the carrying hand's position, last frame
+local lastMid = nil             -- both hands' midpoint
+local lastAngle = nil           -- and the bearing of the line between them
+local lastSpread = nil          -- and its length
+
+local function clearGrab()
+  lastOne, lastMid, lastAngle, lastSpread = nil, nil, nil, nil
+end
+
+Diorama.releaseGrab = clearGrab
+
+-- Advance the grab from this frame's controller state (lib/VRXR's table:
+-- gripL/gripR in 0..1, handl/handr as { pos, quat } when tracked).
+-- Returns true while the model is being held.
+function Diorama.gesture(ctl)
+  if not ctl then
+    clearGrab()
+    return false
+  end
+  local gl, gr = ctl.gripL or 0, ctl.gripR or 0
+  local hl = (gl > Diorama.GRIP) and ctl.handl or nil
+  local hr = (gr > Diorama.GRIP) and ctl.handr or nil
+
+  if hl and hr then
+    lastOne = nil
+    local lp, rp = hl.pos, hr.pos
+    local mid = { (lp[1] + rp[1]) / 2, (lp[2] + rp[2]) / 2,
+                  (lp[3] + rp[3]) / 2 }
+    local dx, dy, dz = rp[1] - lp[1], rp[2] - lp[2], rp[3] - lp[3]
+    local spread = math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz)
+    -- the bearing of the line between the hands, in the same convention
+    -- the mapping's yaw turns through (see VRRig.eyeCamera): atan2 of the
+    -- x component over the z one, so a hand-over-hand turn and the model's
+    -- turn are the same number
+    local angle = math.atan2(dx, dz)
+    if lastMid then
+      for i = 1, 3 do
+        Diorama.offset[i] = Diorama.offset[i] + (mid[i] - lastMid[i])
+      end
+    end
+    if lastAngle then
+      local d = (angle - lastAngle + math.pi) % (2 * math.pi) - math.pi
+      Diorama.yaw = (Diorama.yaw + d + math.pi) % (2 * math.pi) - math.pi
+    end
+    if lastSpread and lastSpread > Diorama.SPREAD_MIN
+       and spread > Diorama.SPREAD_MIN then
+      Diorama.zoom = math.max(Diorama.SCALE_MIN,
+                       math.min(Diorama.SCALE_MAX,
+                                Diorama.zoom * (spread / lastSpread)))
+    end
+    lastMid, lastAngle, lastSpread = mid, angle, spread
+    return true
+  end
+
+  lastMid, lastAngle, lastSpread = nil, nil, nil
+  local one = hl or hr
+  if one then
+    if lastOne then
+      for i = 1, 3 do
+        Diorama.offset[i] = Diorama.offset[i] + (one.pos[i] - lastOne[i])
+      end
+    end
+    lastOne = { one.pos[1], one.pos[2], one.pos[3] }
+    return true
+  end
+  lastOne = nil
+  return false
+end
+
+-- Nothing here owns a GPU object any more (the base did, and it is gone --
+-- see the header), so this is only the grab's own hand-to-hand state: a
+-- window resize or a hot reload should not leave the model following a
+-- delta measured against a frame that no longer exists.
+function Diorama.release()
+  clearGrab()
+end
+
+Diorama.invalidate = Diorama.release
+
+return Diorama

lib/ExpPanel.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+-- LET'S GO: the whole party's experience, on one card.
+--
+-- Sharing experience to everybody has a cost the original game never had
+-- to pay: six Pokemon means six "X gained N EXP. Points!" boxes for every
+-- knockout, each needing its own press. That is the same information the
+-- player wanted, delivered in the most tiring possible way -- and it is
+-- worse than a wall of text, because the numbers arrive one at a time so
+-- the one thing a shared payout is FOR (comparing them: the little one
+-- gained five times what the big one did) can never be seen at once.
+--
+-- So the per-Pokemon lines are suppressed and this card is shown in their
+-- place: one box, one press, every gain side by side, with a level-up
+-- called out on the row it happened to. What the card cannot cover still
+-- plays as it always did -- "X grew to level 6!", the stats window, and
+-- any move learned -- because those are events, not a tally.
+--
+-- Drawn with the engine's own font and box, in the GB's own frame, so it
+-- sits in a staged 3D battle exactly like every other battle panel.
+
+-- the mod namespace (see main.lua): V.require loads a sibling module
+local V = ...
+
+local ExpPanel = {}
+ExpPanel.__index = ExpPanel
+
+local Font = nil
+local function font()
+  if Font ~= nil then return Font or nil end
+  local ok, F = pcall(require, "src.render.Font")
+  Font = ok and F or false
+  return Font or nil
+end
+
+-- the GB frame, in 8-pixel tiles
+local TILE = 8
+local COLS, ROWS = 20, 18
+local ROW_H = 12          -- pixels between listed Pokemon
+
+-- `rows` is filled by the award loop and read HERE, at draw time: the
+-- loop runs to completion long before the battle queue reaches this
+-- panel, so the table is always complete by the time it is shown.
+function ExpPanel.new(game, rows)
+  return setmetatable({ game = game, rows = rows or {}, t = 0 }, ExpPanel)
+end
+
+function ExpPanel:update(dt)
+  self.t = (self.t or 0) + (dt or 0)
+  local input = self.game and self.game.input
+  if not input then return end
+  -- a beat of deafness: the press that dismissed whatever came before
+  -- must not dismiss this card in the same breath
+  if self.t < 0.12 then return end
+  if input:wasPressed("a") or input:wasPressed("b") then
+    self.game.stack:pop()
+    if self.onDone then self.onDone() end
+  end
+end
+
+function ExpPanel:draw()
+  local F = font()
+  if not F then return end
+  local rows = self.rows or {}
+  local n = #rows
+  if n == 0 then return end
+
+  -- bottom-anchored and only as tall as it needs to be, so a two-Pokemon
+  -- party does not black out the fight behind it
+  local th = 3 + math.ceil(n * ROW_H / TILE)
+  th = math.min(th, ROWS - 1)
+  local ty = ROWS - th
+  F.drawBox(0, ty, COLS, th)
+
+  love.graphics.setColor(0, 0, 0, 1)
+  local x0 = TILE
+  local y0 = (ty + 1) * TILE + 2
+  F.draw("EXP GAINED", x0, y0)
+
+  for i, r in ipairs(rows) do
+    local y = y0 + ROW_H + (i - 1) * ROW_H
+    if y > (ROWS - 1) * TILE then break end
+    local mon = r.mon
+    local name = mon.nickname
+                 or (self.game.data.pokemon[mon.species] or {}).name
+                 or tostring(mon.species)
+    F.draw(name, x0, y)
+    -- a level-up is called out where it happened rather than left to the
+    -- message that follows, so the card reads as the whole story
+    if (r.to or 0) > (r.from or 0) then
+      local up = ("L%d"):format(r.to)
+      F.draw(up, 108 - F.width(up), y)
+    end
+    local amt = ("+%d"):format(r.gained or 0)
+    F.draw(amt, 152 - F.width(amt), y)
+  end
+  love.graphics.setColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
+end
+
+return ExpPanel

lib/ForestAtmos.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,886 @@
+-- The air under the canopy: fog, god rays, and what drifts through them.
+--
+-- Some maps have an ATMOSPHERE (data/map_atmosphere.lua -- Viridian Forest
+-- today, any map that adds a line tomorrow): a ground haze the scene shader
+-- folds every surface into (see Voxel3D.fog), and VOLUMETRIC light let down
+-- through an INVISIBLE canopy hanging above the map's real trees, as if the
+-- carved hulls on screen were only the understorey of something taller.
+--
+-- The rays are not placed geometry. A fullscreen pass marches every
+-- pixel's eye ray through the air, stops at the frame's own depth buffer
+-- (the same detach-and-read Water runs), and asks two questions of every
+-- step of air on the way:
+--
+--   * the SUN'S question -- the shadow map. Air behind a tree hull is
+--     dark air; air in a real gap glows. A trunk stands in a column of
+--     its own shade, a character walks through the beams and blocks
+--     them, and every shaft on screen agrees with the light already on
+--     the floor, because it is read from the same map.
+--
+--   * the CANOPY'S question -- where this thread of sun pierced the
+--     invisible leaf layer. Every step of air on one sun ray shares that
+--     point, which is what makes a shaft a SHAFT, and the point samples
+--     a wind-blown noise field: the dapple drifts and shivers like
+--     leaves moving overhead, opening and closing the beams as it goes.
+--
+-- The shafts lean along the fixed noon shear, deliberately: a canopy
+-- map's rig is pinned to noon (see DayNight.CANOPY), so light that
+-- followed the sun's arc would part company with every shadow on the
+-- floor. What follows the clock is colour and strength -- gold spears of
+-- sun by day, silver moon rays after dark, dying back through the
+-- twilights -- plus the crew each shift brings: pollen adrift in the
+-- day's beams, fireflies once they cool. A forward-scattering phase term
+-- brightens the beams for a camera looking up into the light, which is
+-- most of what makes them read as light in air rather than paint on it.
+--
+-- Everything is deterministic: placement and the leaf field are dealt by
+-- a seeded xorshift (StadiumFx's generator), motion is a pure function
+-- of one `time` uniform, so a pinned ForestAtmos.time reproduces a frame
+-- exactly (see tests/forest_fog_shots). Every shader compiles lazily
+-- behind pcall -- nil untried, false unavailable -- and each refusal
+-- subtracts only itself: no march without readable depth, no beams
+-- without a shadow map, and the fog rides the scene shader whatever
+-- happens here.
+
+local V = ...
+
+local DayNight = V.require("DayNight")
+local ModSetting = V.require("ModSetting")
+
+local floor, sqrt, min, max = math.floor, math.sqrt, math.min, math.max
+
+local ForestAtmos = {}
+
+-- The viewport, as both shaders here take it (see Voxel3D.cull: the field
+-- is set for a headset's diorama frame and for an orbit rung's window box,
+-- and nil for every other, where kind 0 means "no cut"). Read through
+-- V.require rather than held as an upvalue because this file loads before
+-- Voxel3D on some paths.
+local function cullAt()
+  local c = V.require("Voxel3D").cull
+  return c and { c.x, c.y, c.z } or { 0, 0, 0 }
+end
+
+local function cullShape()
+  local c = V.require("Voxel3D").cull
+  return c and { c.r, c.invFade, c.kind } or { 0, 0, 0 }
+end
+
+local function cullRect()
+  local c = V.require("Voxel3D").cull
+  return c and { c.rx or c.r, c.rz or c.r } or { 0, 0 }
+end
+
+-- FULL is the point; LOW halves the march and drops the particles, for
+-- hardware that minds a per-pixel loop under 4X supersampling.
+--
+-- On ANDROID the ladder itself is shorter: LOW and OFF, with LOW the
+-- default. The march needs a depth texture it can READ, and no driver on
+-- the phones this runs on has granted one (see newDepth in Voxel3D) --
+-- so FULL would be a rung with nothing behind it, which reads as a
+-- broken mod rather than a missing feature. LOW there is the haze, the
+-- one part of the atmosphere that rides the scene shader and works
+-- everywhere. A desktop save opened on a phone stores FULL still;
+-- ModSetting's unknown-value fallback lands it on LOW, and putting the
+-- save back on the desktop restores the choice.
+local function onAndroid()
+  if not (love and love.system and love.system.getOS) then return false end
+  local ok, os = pcall(love.system.getOS)
+  return ok and os == "Android"
+end
+
+ForestAtmos.setting = onAndroid()
+  and ModSetting.new("atmos", "FOREST FX", { "low", "off" },
+                     { "LOW", "OFF" })
+  or ModSetting.new("atmos", "FOREST FX", { "full", "low", "off" },
+                    { "FULL", "LOW", "OFF" })
+
+-- the animation clock: ticked by main.lua's always-running update hook,
+-- pinnable (frozen = true) so a screenshot driver can hold a frame still
+ForestAtmos.time = 0
+ForestAtmos.frozen = false
+
+function ForestAtmos.update(dt)
+  if ForestAtmos.frozen then return end
+  ForestAtmos.time = ForestAtmos.time + (dt or 0)
+end
+
+-- ------- the authored table
+--
+-- Same shape as BattleArena's: the data file behind a pcall with a false
+-- sentinel, and an overrides table a tuning driver can stage a candidate
+-- through before anything is written down. `~= nil` on the override,
+-- because false is meaningful -- "this map has no atmosphere, whatever
+-- the file says".
+
+local authored = nil
+local overrides = {}
+
+local function configFor(mapId)
+  if not mapId then return nil end
+  local forced = overrides[mapId]
+  if forced ~= nil then return forced or nil end
+  if authored == nil then
+    local ok, list = pcall(V.data, "map_atmosphere")
+    authored = (ok and type(list) == "table") and list or false
+  end
+  if not authored then return nil end
+  return authored[mapId]
+end
+
+ForestAtmos.configFor = configFor
+
+-- ------- caches
+--
+-- Particle layouts and meshes go stale with the map (map.reloaded, and
+-- the pipeline's invalidate); called with no map id this also resets the
+-- shader and texture sentinels, which is what a lost GL context needs.
+
+local layoutCache = {}
+local meshCache = {}
+local shaders = {}            -- keyed by variant; nil untried, false refused
+local leafTex = nil           -- the tiling leaf-dapple field
+local rayMesh = nil           -- the fullscreen ray-fan quad, re-aimed per draw
+
+-- Every bail here is deliberate and silent on screen -- a missing piece
+-- subtracts itself, never the frame -- but "the beams are off" and "the
+-- beams are off BECAUSE ..." are different debugging days. Each reason
+-- is said once on the console, the way VR reports a missing runtime.
+local said = {}
+local function say(key, msg)
+  if said[key] then return end
+  said[key] = true
+  print("[DRAMATIC_SHAPE] atmos: " .. msg)
+end
+
+function ForestAtmos.invalidate(mapId)
+  if mapId then
+    layoutCache[mapId] = nil
+    meshCache[mapId] = nil
+  else
+    layoutCache, meshCache = {}, {}
+    shaders = {}
+    leafTex = nil
+    rayMesh = nil
+  end
+end
+
+function ForestAtmos.setOverride(mapId, entry)
+  overrides[mapId] = entry
+  ForestAtmos.invalidate(mapId)
+end
+
+-- ------- the hour's answer
+--
+-- One ramp, authored per phase and blended with DayNight's own weights,
+-- so the fog and the rays can never disagree about what hour it is. The
+-- two interact three ways: the fog colour leans toward the ray colour
+-- (noon warms the haze, midnight silvers it), the rays scale with the
+-- fog's density (a beam IS lit fog -- less medium, less beam), and the
+-- march accumulates through the same density the surfaces sink into.
+
+ForestAtmos.RAMP = {
+  day    = { fog = { 0.78, 0.86, 0.70 }, ray = { 1.00, 0.93, 0.70 },
+             alpha = 0.55, density = 1.00, motes = 1.0, flies = 0.0 },
+  golden = { fog = { 0.84, 0.76, 0.58 }, ray = { 1.00, 0.85, 0.55 },
+             alpha = 0.35, density = 1.00, motes = 0.6, flies = 0.0 },
+  dawn   = { fog = { 0.80, 0.70, 0.66 }, ray = { 1.00, 0.80, 0.62 },
+             alpha = 0.20, density = 1.05, motes = 0.3, flies = 0.25 },
+  dusk   = { fog = { 0.78, 0.66, 0.58 }, ray = { 1.00, 0.76, 0.55 },
+             alpha = 0.20, density = 1.05, motes = 0.2, flies = 0.5 },
+  violet = { fog = { 0.52, 0.50, 0.66 }, ray = { 0.82, 0.80, 1.00 },
+             alpha = 0.25, density = 1.10, motes = 0.0, flies = 1.0 },
+  night  = { fog = { 0.34, 0.40, 0.56 }, ray = { 0.72, 0.80, 1.00 },
+             alpha = 0.40, density = 1.15, motes = 0.0, flies = 1.0 },
+}
+
+-- The frame's atmosphere for `map` at clock `t` (defaulting to now), or
+-- nil -- no entry, or the row is OFF -- in which case nothing is drawn
+-- and Voxel3D.fog should be left nil.
+function ForestAtmos.frame(map, t)
+  if ForestAtmos.setting:get() == "off" then return nil end
+  local cfg = configFor(map and map.id)
+  if not cfg then return nil end
+  local mix = DayNight.mix(t or DayNight.time())
+  local fr, fg, fb, rr, rg, rb = 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
+  local alpha, dens, motes, flies = 0, 0, 0, 0
+  for name, w in pairs(mix) do
+    local p = ForestAtmos.RAMP[name] or ForestAtmos.RAMP.day
+    fr, fg, fb = fr + p.fog[1] * w, fg + p.fog[2] * w, fb + p.fog[3] * w
+    rr, rg, rb = rr + p.ray[1] * w, rg + p.ray[2] * w, rb + p.ray[3] * w
+    alpha = alpha + p.alpha * w
+    dens = dens + p.density * w
+    motes = motes + p.motes * w
+    flies = flies + p.flies * w
+  end
+  -- the haze takes on a little of the light standing in it
+  local LEAN = 0.15
+  fr = fr + (rr - fr) * LEAN
+  fg = fg + (rg - fg) * LEAN
+  fb = fb + (rb - fb) * LEAN
+  local base = cfg.fog or {}
+  local rays = cfg.rays or {}
+  return {
+    -- in exactly the shape Voxel3D.fog takes, so callers assign it whole
+    fog = { color = { fr, fg, fb },
+            density = (base.density or 0) * dens,
+            start = base.start or 0,
+            heightK = base.heightK or 0 },
+    rayColor = { rr, rg, rb },
+    -- a beam is scattered fog: less medium, less beam
+    rayAlpha = alpha * (0.4 + 0.6 * min(dens, 1)),
+    rayStrength = rays.strength or 12,
+    rayReach = rays.reach or 380,
+    moteLevel = motes,
+    fireflyLevel = flies,
+    cfg = cfg,
+  }
+end
+
+-- ------- deterministic noise
+--
+-- The same written-out xorshift StadiumFx runs (see the note there on why
+-- not LuaJIT's `bit`): the particle deal and the leaf field must come out
+-- identical on every machine and every visit.
+
+local function bxor32(a, b)
+  local r, p = 0, 1
+  for _ = 1, 32 do
+    local x, y = a % 2, b % 2
+    if x ~= y then r = r + p end
+    a, b, p = floor(a / 2), floor(b / 2), p * 2
+  end
+  return r
+end
+
+local Rng = {}
+Rng.__index = Rng
+
+local function newRng(seed)
+  local s = seed % 0x100000000
+  if s == 0 then s = 0x9E3779B9 end
+  return setmetatable({ s = s }, Rng)
+end
+
+function Rng:next()
+  local x = self.s
+  x = bxor32(x, (x % 0x80000) * 0x2000)               -- x ^= (x << 13)
+  x = bxor32(x, floor(x / 0x20000))                   -- x ^= x >> 17
+  x = bxor32(x, (x % 0x8000000) * 0x20)               -- x ^= (x << 5)
+  self.s = x % 0x100000000
+  return self.s
+end
+
+function Rng:unit()
+  return self:next() / 0x100000000
+end
+
+-- bilinear value noise on a torus (StadiumFx's), so the leaf field tiles
+local function lattice(rng, w, h)
+  local g = {}
+  for y = 1, h do
+    local row = {}
+    for x = 1, w do row[x] = rng:unit() end
+    g[y] = row
+  end
+  return g
+end
+
+local function smoothstep01(t)
+  return t * t * (3 - 2 * t)
+end
+
+local function torus(grid, w, h, x, y)
+  local x0, y0 = floor(x), floor(y)
+  local fx, fy = smoothstep01(x - x0), smoothstep01(y - y0)
+  local x1, y1 = (x0 + 1) % w, (y0 + 1) % h
+  x0, y0 = x0 % w, y0 % h
+  local a = grid[y0 + 1][x0 + 1]
+  local b = grid[y0 + 1][x1 + 1]
+  local c = grid[y1 + 1][x0 + 1]
+  local d = grid[y1 + 1][x1 + 1]
+  return (a + (b - a) * fx) + ((c + (d - c) * fx) - (a + (b - a) * fx)) * fy
+end
+
+-- ------- the leaf field
+--
+-- One small tiling texture of three-octave value noise, generated once
+-- from a fixed seed: the pattern of the unseen foliage. The shader reads
+-- it at two drifting, differently-scaled offsets and thresholds the sum,
+-- so the pools of light between the leaves slide, open and close -- the
+-- movement is the WIND's, all in the sampling; the cloth itself never
+-- changes, which is what keeps a pinned frame reproducible.
+
+local function leafTexture()
+  if leafTex ~= nil then return leafTex or nil end
+  if not (love and love.image and love.image.newImageData
+          and love.graphics and love.graphics.newImage) then
+    leafTex = false
+    return nil
+  end
+  local ok, tex = pcall(function()
+    local N = 128
+    local rng = newRng(0x1EAF)
+    local g1 = lattice(rng, 8, 8)
+    local g2 = lattice(rng, 16, 16)
+    local g3 = lattice(rng, 32, 32)
+    local img = love.image.newImageData(N, N)
+    for y = 0, N - 1 do
+      local v = y / N
+      for x = 0, N - 1 do
+        local u = x / N
+        local n = torus(g1, 8, 8, u * 8, v * 8) * 0.5
+                + torus(g2, 16, 16, u * 16, v * 16) * 0.3
+                + torus(g3, 32, 32, u * 32, v * 32) * 0.2
+        img:setPixel(x, y, n, n, n, 1)
+      end
+    end
+    local t = love.graphics.newImage(img)
+    t:setWrap("repeat", "repeat")
+    t:setFilter("linear", "linear")
+    return t
+  end)
+  leafTex = (ok and tex) or false
+  return leafTex or nil
+end
+
+-- ------- placement (the particles; the light places itself)
+
+local MARGIN = 24     -- keep off the map's edge, world px
+
+function ForestAtmos.layout(cfg, w, h)
+  local rng = newRng((cfg.seed or 0x51D))
+  local canopy = cfg.canopyY or 56
+  local motes = {}
+  for _ = 1, (cfg.motes and cfg.motes.count) or 0 do
+    motes[#motes + 1] = {
+      x = MARGIN + rng:unit() * max(w - 2 * MARGIN, 1),
+      y = 3 + rng:unit() * max(canopy - 11, 8),
+      z = MARGIN + rng:unit() * max(h - 2 * MARGIN, 1),
+      phase = rng:unit() * 6.2832,
+      rate = 0.5 + rng:unit(),
+    }
+  end
+  local flies = {}
+  for _ = 1, (cfg.fireflies and cfg.fireflies.count) or 0 do
+    flies[#flies + 1] = {
+      x = MARGIN + rng:unit() * max(w - 2 * MARGIN, 1),
+      y = 3 + rng:unit() * 12,
+      z = MARGIN + rng:unit() * max(h - 2 * MARGIN, 1),
+      phase = rng:unit() * 6.2832,
+      rate = 0.5 + rng:unit(),
+    }
+  end
+  return { motes = motes, flies = flies }
+end
+
+-- A map is width x height BLOCKS of 4x4 tiles of 8 pixels -- times 32
+-- for world pixels (the same arithmetic Structures runs in tiles).
+local function layoutFor(map)
+  local hit = layoutCache[map.id]
+  if hit ~= nil then return hit or nil end
+  local cfg = configFor(map.id)
+  if not cfg then
+    layoutCache[map.id] = false
+    return nil
+  end
+  local def = map.def or {}
+  local L = ForestAtmos.layout(cfg, (def.width or 16) * 32,
+                               (def.height or 16) * 32)
+  layoutCache[map.id] = L
+  return L
+end
+
+ForestAtmos.layoutFor = layoutFor
+
+-- ------- the volumetric march
+--
+-- A fullscreen quad whose four corners carry the camera's own frustum
+-- rays; the varying interpolates them into a world ray per pixel. The
+-- pixel stage walks that ray to the depth buffer's surface, and every
+-- step of air on the way is lit or not by the shadow map and the leaf
+-- field, accumulated through the same haze the surfaces sink into.
+--
+-- Conventions copied from Water's march: the ray walks the FLAT world
+-- (the space it is straight in) and every depth compare bends the sample
+-- first, by the same displacement the vertex stage applies -- so the
+-- march reads the depth buffer it actually has. The shadow lookup stays
+-- flat, exactly like the scene shader's own vSun. STEPS is spliced into
+-- the source rather than sent (the LOW rung is a second compile), and
+-- there are no uniform arrays anywhere -- see the note in Sky about the
+-- Android driver that reads them as zero.
+
+local RAY_SHADER = [[
+  varying vec3 vRay;
+#ifdef VERTEX
+  attribute vec3 RayDir;
+  vec4 position(mat4 transform_projection, vec4 vertex_position) {
+    vRay = RayDir;
+    return transform_projection * vertex_position;
+  }
+#endif
+#ifdef PIXEL
+  uniform Image depthTex;    // the frame's own depth, detached to read
+  uniform Image sunMap;      // the sun's answer (see ShadowMap)
+  uniform Image leafTex;     // the unseen foliage, tiling
+  uniform mat4 vp;
+  uniform mat4 sunVP;
+  uniform float sunBias;
+  uniform vec3 eye;
+  uniform vec3 curve;        // xy = the focus in world XZ, z = k; 0 = off
+  uniform vec2 screen;       // canvas size, for the pixel's own uv
+  uniform vec4 fogW;         // density, heightK, canopyY, fadeTo
+  uniform vec3 shear;        // the noon shear kx, kz; z = reach
+  uniform vec3 rayColor;
+  uniform float strength;
+  uniform vec3 sunward;      // unit, toward the unseen sun
+  uniform vec2 wind;         // leaf-field drift, uv per second
+  uniform float time;
+  // the viewport, as the scene shader takes it (see Voxel3D): air outside
+  // the model is not air, so a sample out there contributes nothing and
+  // the beams end with the world they fall through
+  uniform vec3 cullAt;
+  uniform vec3 cullShape;
+  uniform vec2 cullRect;     // the box's half-extents in x and z
+
+  float dioramaCull(vec3 p) {
+    if (cullShape.z <= 0.5) return 1.0;
+    vec3 cd = p - cullAt;
+    float inside;
+    if (cullShape.z < 1.5) {                 // the box
+      inside = min(cullRect.x - abs(cd.x), cullRect.y - abs(cd.z));
+    } else if (cullShape.z < 2.5) {
+      inside = cullShape.x - length(cd);     // the ball
+    } else {
+      inside = cullShape.x - length(cd.xz);  // the fight's pillar
+    }
+    return clamp(inside * cullShape.y, 0.0, 1.0);
+  }
+
+  float sunDepth(vec2 uv) {
+    vec4 c = Texel(sunMap, uv);
+    return c.r + c.g * (1.0 / 255.0);
+  }
+
+  vec4 effect(vec4 color, Image tex, vec2 tc, vec2 sc) {
+    vec2 uv = sc / screen;
+    float sceneD = Texel(depthTex, uv).r;
+    vec3 dir = normalize(vRay);
+    // Spend every sample where a sample can glow. Above the canopy no
+    // beam exists, and below the floor there is no air at all -- so the
+    // march runs from where this ray first dips under the leaves to
+    // where it would pass the ground, however long or short that
+    // stretch is. From the orbit camera that is the last few dozen
+    // pixels of a mostly-vertical ray, and dividing the WHOLE reach by
+    // the step count there starved the beams to nothing.
+    float t0 = 0.0;
+    if (eye.y > fogW.z) {
+      if (dir.y >= -0.01) return vec4(0.0);
+      t0 = (eye.y - fogW.z) / -dir.y;
+    }
+    float tEnd = shear.z;
+    if (dir.y < -0.01) {
+      tEnd = min(tEnd, (eye.y + 8.0) / -dir.y);
+    }
+    if (tEnd <= t0) return vec4(0.0);
+    // interleaved gradient noise staggers neighbouring pixels' steps,
+    // which is what turns 20-odd samples into a smooth volume instead
+    // of an onion of banded slices
+    float jitter = fract(52.9829189
+                         * fract(dot(sc, vec2(0.06711056, 0.00583715))));
+    float dt = (tEnd - t0) / float(STEPS);
+    // HALF the fog's own extinction, on the way in and per step: the
+    // full rate is what the surfaces sink by, and beams that obeyed it
+    // too died before the orbit camera ever saw them. Half keeps the
+    // depth cue and leaves the light alive.
+    float trans = exp(-fogW.x * 0.5 * t0);
+    float acc = 0.0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < STEPS; i++) {
+      float t = t0 + (float(i) + jitter) * dt;
+      vec3 p = eye + dir * t;
+      // stop at the surface: bend the sample the way the geometry bent
+      vec2 cd = p.xz - curve.xy;
+      vec4 c = vp * vec4(p.x, p.y - dot(cd, cd) * curve.z, p.z, 1.0);
+      if (c.w <= 1e-6) break;
+      if (c.z / c.w * 0.5 + 0.5 > sceneD) break;
+      if (p.y < fogW.z) {
+        // the sun's question: is this air behind a tree? Outside the
+        // frustum nothing was recorded and the air counts as lit, eased
+        // at the rim exactly like the scene shader's shadows
+        float lit = 1.0;
+        vec3 su = (sunVP * vec4(p, 1.0)).xyz;
+        if (su.x > 0.0 && su.x < 1.0 && su.y > 0.0 && su.y < 1.0
+            && su.z < 1.0) {
+          vec2 e2 = min(su.xy, 1.0 - su.xy);
+          float edge = smoothstep(0.0, 0.06, min(e2.x, e2.y));
+          lit = mix(1.0, step(su.z - sunBias, sunDepth(su.xy)), edge);
+        }
+        // the canopy's question: where did this thread of light pierce
+        // the leaves? Every step of air on one sun ray shares the
+        // answer -- that shared point is what makes a shaft a shaft --
+        // and the two drifting reads of the field are the wind moving
+        // the foliage overhead, opening and closing the beams
+        float up = fogW.z - p.y;
+        vec2 gap = (p.xz - shear.xy * up) * (1.0 / 96.0);
+        float n = Texel(leafTex, gap + wind * time).r * 0.65
+                + Texel(leafTex, gap * 2.3 - wind * (time * 0.7)
+                        + vec2(0.37, 0.61)).r * 0.35;
+        float dapple = 0.08 + 0.92 * smoothstep(0.45, 0.85, n);
+        // the beam fades IN below the invisible canopy, thins with
+        // altitude like the haze it is made of, and kisses the floor
+        float y = max(p.y, 0.0);
+        float fadeIn = clamp(up / max(fogW.z - fogW.w, 1.0), 0.0, 1.0);
+        float foot = 0.55 + 0.45 * clamp(y / 16.0, 0.0, 1.0);
+        float dens = fogW.x * exp(-y * fogW.y);
+        acc += trans * lit * dapple * fadeIn * foot * dens * dt
+               * dioramaCull(p);
+      }
+      trans *= exp(-fogW.x * 0.5 * dt);
+    }
+    // forward scattering: beams bloom for a camera looking up into the
+    // light, which is most of what makes them read as light IN air
+    float phase = 0.35 + 0.65 * pow(max(dot(dir, sunward), 0.0), 6.0);
+    return vec4(rayColor * (acc * strength * phase), 1.0) * color;
+  }
+#endif
+]]
+
+local function rayShaderFor(steps)
+  local key = "ray" .. steps
+  local s = shaders[key]
+  if s ~= nil then return s or nil end
+  if not (love and love.graphics and love.graphics.newShader) then
+    shaders[key] = false
+    return nil
+  end
+  local src = "#define STEPS " .. steps .. "\n" .. RAY_SHADER
+  local ok, sh = pcall(love.graphics.newShader, src)
+  if not ok then
+    say(key, "ray shader refused -- beams off, fog stays: "
+        .. tostring(sh))
+  end
+  shaders[key] = (ok and sh) or false
+  return shaders[key] or nil
+end
+
+local RAY_FORMAT = {
+  { "VertexPosition", "float", 2 },
+  { "RayDir", "float", 3 },
+}
+
+-- The camera's frustum corners, from the same fields every pass sets:
+-- eye, focus, fovY, and the placed camera's up when there is one (VR
+-- eyes roll; the orbit never does). Interpolating a corner ray across
+-- the quad IS the standard reconstruction for a perspective camera, so
+-- this works identically for the orbit, first person and both eyes.
+local function rayQuad(Voxel3D, w, h)
+  local e, fo, fov = Voxel3D.eye, Voxel3D.focus, Voxel3D.fovY
+  if not (e and fo and fov) then return nil end
+  local fx, fy, fz = fo[1] - e[1], fo[2] - e[2], fo[3] - e[3]
+  local fl = sqrt(fx * fx + fy * fy + fz * fz)
+  if fl < 1e-6 then return nil end
+  fx, fy, fz = fx / fl, fy / fl, fz / fl
+  local cam = Voxel3D.camera
+  local up = (cam and cam.up) or { 0, 1, 0 }
+  -- right = forward x up, then a true up perpendicular to both
+  local rx = fy * up[3] - fz * up[2]
+  local ry = fz * up[1] - fx * up[3]
+  local rz = fx * up[2] - fy * up[1]
+  local rl = sqrt(rx * rx + ry * ry + rz * rz)
+  if rl < 1e-6 then return nil end
+  rx, ry, rz = rx / rl, ry / rl, rz / rl
+  local ux = ry * fz - rz * fy
+  local uy = rz * fx - rx * fz
+  local uz = rx * fy - ry * fx
+  local hh = math.tan(fov * 0.5)
+  local hw = hh * (w / h)
+  -- canvas row 0 is the TOP of the frame, which is the +up corner
+  local function corner(su, sv)
+    return fx + rx * hw * su + ux * hh * sv,
+           fy + ry * hw * su + uy * hh * sv,
+           fz + rz * hw * su + uz * hh * sv
+  end
+  local x0, y0, z0 = corner(-1, 1)
+  local x1, y1, z1 = corner(1, 1)
+  local x2, y2, z2 = corner(1, -1)
+  local x3, y3, z3 = corner(-1, -1)
+  local verts = {
+    { 0, 0, x0, y0, z0 },
+    { w, 0, x1, y1, z1 },
+    { w, h, x2, y2, z2 },
+    { 0, h, x3, y3, z3 },
+  }
+  if not rayMesh then
+    local ok, mesh = pcall(love.graphics.newMesh, RAY_FORMAT, verts,
+                           "fan", "stream")
+    rayMesh = ok and mesh or nil
+    return rayMesh
+  end
+  local ok = pcall(rayMesh.setVertices, rayMesh, verts)
+  return ok and rayMesh or nil
+end
+
+-- ------- the particles
+
+local PART_SHADER = [[
+  varying vec2 vCorner;
+  varying float vGlow;
+#ifdef VERTEX
+  uniform mat4 vp;
+  uniform vec3 curve;
+  uniform vec3 cullAt;     // the viewport (see Voxel3D.cull): a mote
+  uniform vec3 cullShape;  // outside the model is not in the air
+  uniform vec2 cullRect;   // the box's half-extents in x and z
+  uniform vec3 axisR;      // the camera's right, world space
+  uniform vec3 axisU;      // and its up: the billboard's own frame
+  uniform float time;
+  uniform float size;
+  uniform vec2 sway;       // wander amplitude: horizontal, vertical
+  uniform float blinky;    // 0 = steady motes, 1 = blinking fireflies
+  attribute vec4 AtmosData;    // corner x, corner y, phase, rate
+  vec4 position(mat4 transform_projection, vec4 vertex_position) {
+    float ph = AtmosData.z;
+    float rt = AtmosData.w;
+    float t = time * (0.5 + rt);
+    // bounded wander only -- three incommensurate sines, so nothing ever
+    // walks off the map or needs a CPU tick to bring it home
+    vec3 base = vertex_position.xyz + vec3(
+      sin(t * 0.23 + ph) * sway.x,
+      sin(t * 0.17 + ph * 2.7) * sway.y,
+      cos(t * 0.19 + ph * 1.3) * sway.x);
+    float s = 0.5 + 0.5 * sin(t * 1.6 + ph * 9.0);
+    vGlow = mix(1.0, smoothstep(0.35, 0.75, s), blinky);
+    // a whole mote at once: these are points, so the rim can dim them
+    // rather than having to cut one in half
+    if (cullShape.z > 0.5) {
+      vec3 cd = base - cullAt;
+      float inside;
+      if (cullShape.z < 1.5) {
+        inside = min(cullRect.x - abs(cd.x), cullRect.y - abs(cd.z));
+      } else if (cullShape.z < 2.5) {
+        inside = cullShape.x - length(cd);
+      } else {
+        inside = cullShape.x - length(cd.xz);
+      }
+      vGlow *= clamp(inside * cullShape.y, 0.0, 1.0);
+    }
+    vCorner = AtmosData.xy;
+    vec4 w = vec4(base + axisR * (AtmosData.x * size)
+                       + axisU * (AtmosData.y * size), 1.0);
+    if (curve.z > 0.0) {
+      vec2 cd = w.xz - curve.xy;
+      w.y -= dot(cd, cd) * curve.z;
+    }
+    return vp * w;
+  }
+#endif
+#ifdef PIXEL
+  uniform vec3 dotColor;
+  uniform float level;
+  vec4 effect(vec4 color, Image tex, vec2 tc, vec2 sc) {
+    float d = dot(vCorner, vCorner);
+    float glow = max(0.0, 1.0 - d);
+    glow *= glow;
+    return vec4(dotColor, glow * level * vGlow) * color;
+  }
+#endif
+]]
+
+local function partShader()
+  local s = shaders.part
+  if s ~= nil then return s or nil end
+  if not (love and love.graphics and love.graphics.newShader) then
+    shaders.part = false
+    return nil
+  end
+  local ok, sh = pcall(love.graphics.newShader, PART_SHADER)
+  shaders.part = (ok and sh) or false
+  return shaders.part or nil
+end
+
+local PART_FORMAT = {
+  { "VertexPosition", "float", 3 },
+  { "AtmosData", "float", 4 },
+}
+
+local CORNERS = { { -1, -1 }, { 1, -1 }, { 1, 1 }, { -1, 1 } }
+
+local function pushQuad(map, n)
+  local b = n * 4
+  map[#map + 1] = b + 1
+  map[#map + 1] = b + 2
+  map[#map + 1] = b + 3
+  map[#map + 1] = b + 1
+  map[#map + 1] = b + 3
+  map[#map + 1] = b + 4
+end
+
+local function buildPartMesh(points)
+  if #points == 0 then return nil end
+  local verts, indices = {}, {}
+  for i = 1, #points do
+    local p = points[i]
+    for c = 1, 4 do
+      verts[#verts + 1] = { p.x, p.y, p.z,
+                            CORNERS[c][1], CORNERS[c][2], p.phase, p.rate }
+    end
+    pushQuad(indices, i - 1)
+  end
+  local ok, mesh = pcall(love.graphics.newMesh, PART_FORMAT, verts,
+                         "triangles", "static")
+  if not ok then return nil end
+  pcall(mesh.setVertexMap, mesh, indices)
+  return mesh
+end
+
+local function meshesFor(map, L)
+  local hit = meshCache[map.id]
+  if hit then return hit end
+  local M = {
+    motes = buildPartMesh(L.motes),
+    flies = buildPartMesh(L.flies),
+  }
+  meshCache[map.id] = M
+  return M
+end
+
+local MOTE_COLOR = { 1.0, 0.96, 0.78 }
+local FLY_COLOR = { 0.72, 1.0, 0.45 }
+
+-- The billboard frame: the camera's own right and up, from the same
+-- fields every pass sets (per VR eye too -- drawScene runs per eye and
+-- reads the eye's camera). Degenerate looks answer nil and the
+-- particles sit this one out.
+local function billboardAxes(Voxel3D)
+  local e, fo = Voxel3D.eye, Voxel3D.focus
+  if not (e and fo) then return nil end
+  local lx, ly, lz = fo[1] - e[1], fo[2] - e[2], fo[3] - e[3]
+  local ll = sqrt(lx * lx + ly * ly + lz * lz)
+  if ll < 1e-6 then return nil end
+  lx, ly, lz = lx / ll, ly / ll, lz / ll
+  local rx, rz = -lz, lx
+  local rl = sqrt(rx * rx + rz * rz)
+  if rl < 1e-4 then return nil end
+  rx, rz = rx / rl, rz / rl
+  return { rx, 0, rz }, { -rz * ly, rz * lx - rx * lz, rx * ly }
+end
+
+-- ------- the draw
+--
+-- Inside the scene pass, in VoxelScene's prop slot. The march borrows
+-- the frame's depth through Voxel3D.beginWater -- the same detach Water
+-- runs -- and hand-tests every step against it, so the pass itself needs
+-- no depth attachment; the particles come after, depth-tested additive
+-- geometry like the Stadium flames. Anything missing -- no entry, OFF, a
+-- refused shader, no readable depth, no shadow map -- subtracts only
+-- itself.
+function ForestAtmos.draw(map)
+  local rung = ForestAtmos.setting:get()
+  if rung == "off" then return end
+  local f = ForestAtmos.frame(map)
+  if not f then return end
+  local Voxel3D = V.require("Voxel3D")
+  local ShadowMap = V.require("ShadowMap")
+
+  if f.rayAlpha > 0.01 then
+    if not Voxel3D.depthReadable() then
+      say("depth", "no readable depth this frame -- beams off, fog stays")
+      return
+    end
+    -- no beams without the sun's own pass: uvVP is only the world -> map
+    -- transform while a shadow map is actually standing
+    local sunTex = ShadowMap.active() and ShadowMap.texture()
+    if not sunTex then
+      say("sun", "no shadow map standing -- beams off, fog stays")
+    end
+    local leaf = leafTexture()
+    if not leaf then
+      say("leaf", "leaf field would not build -- beams off, fog stays")
+    end
+    local sh = rayShaderFor(rung == "low" and 12 or 24)
+    local w, h = Voxel3D.size()
+    local quad = (sh and sunTex and leaf and w) and rayQuad(Voxel3D, w, h)
+    if sh and sunTex and leaf and w and not quad then
+      say("quad", "no camera frame for the ray fan -- beams off")
+    end
+    if quad then
+      local _, depth = Voxel3D.beginWater(nil)
+      if depth then
+        say("on", "volumetric beams running")
+        local kx, kz = DayNight.shearAt(DayNight.T.day)
+        local kl = sqrt(kx * kx + kz * kz + 1)
+        love.graphics.setBlendMode("add", "alphamultiply")
+        love.graphics.setShader(sh)
+        pcall(sh.send, sh, "depthTex", depth)
+        pcall(sh.send, sh, "sunMap", sunTex)
+        pcall(sh.send, sh, "leafTex", leaf)
+        pcall(sh.send, sh, "vp", "row", Voxel3D.vp)
+        pcall(sh.send, sh, "sunVP", "row", ShadowMap.uvVP)
+        pcall(sh.send, sh, "sunBias", ShadowMap.bias)
+        pcall(sh.send, sh, "eye", Voxel3D.eye)
+        pcall(sh.send, sh, "curve",
+              { Voxel3D.curveX or 0, Voxel3D.curveZ or 0,
+                Voxel3D.curveK or 0 })
+        pcall(sh.send, sh, "cullAt", cullAt())
+        pcall(sh.send, sh, "cullShape", cullShape())
+        pcall(sh.send, sh, "cullRect", cullRect())
+        pcall(sh.send, sh, "screen", { w, h })
+        pcall(sh.send, sh, "fogW",
+              { f.fog.density, f.fog.heightK,
+                f.cfg.canopyY or 56, f.cfg.fadeTo or 28 })
+        pcall(sh.send, sh, "shear", { kx, kz, f.rayReach })
+        pcall(sh.send, sh, "rayColor", f.rayColor)
+        pcall(sh.send, sh, "strength", f.rayStrength * f.rayAlpha)
+        pcall(sh.send, sh, "sunward", { -kx / kl, 1 / kl, -kz / kl })
+        pcall(sh.send, sh, "wind", { 0.016, 0.009 })
+        pcall(sh.send, sh, "time", ForestAtmos.time)
+        pcall(love.graphics.draw, quad)
+        love.graphics.setShader()
+        love.graphics.setBlendMode("alpha")
+      end
+      Voxel3D.endWater()
+    end
+  end
+
+  if rung == "full" then
+    local L = layoutFor(map)
+    local M = L and meshesFor(map, L)
+    local psh = partShader()
+    local axisR, axisU = billboardAxes(Voxel3D)
+    if M and psh and axisR then
+      Voxel3D.blend("add")
+      if Voxel3D.beginEffect(psh) then
+        pcall(psh.send, psh, "vp", "row", Voxel3D.vp)
+        pcall(psh.send, psh, "curve",
+              { Voxel3D.curveX or 0, Voxel3D.curveZ or 0,
+                Voxel3D.curveK or 0 })
+        pcall(psh.send, psh, "cullAt", cullAt())
+        pcall(psh.send, psh, "cullShape", cullShape())
+        pcall(psh.send, psh, "cullRect", cullRect())
+        pcall(psh.send, psh, "axisR", axisR)
+        pcall(psh.send, psh, "axisU", axisU)
+        pcall(psh.send, psh, "time", ForestAtmos.time)
+        if M.motes and f.moteLevel > 0.02 then
+          pcall(psh.send, psh, "size", 1.4)
+          pcall(psh.send, psh, "sway", { 5, 2.5 })
+          pcall(psh.send, psh, "blinky", 0)
+          pcall(psh.send, psh, "dotColor", MOTE_COLOR)
+          pcall(psh.send, psh, "level", f.moteLevel * 0.5)
+          pcall(love.graphics.draw, M.motes)
+        end
+        if M.flies and f.fireflyLevel > 0.02 then
+          pcall(psh.send, psh, "size", 1.6)
+          pcall(psh.send, psh, "sway", { 10, 4 })
+          pcall(psh.send, psh, "blinky", 1)
+          pcall(psh.send, psh, "dotColor", FLY_COLOR)
+          pcall(psh.send, psh, "level", f.fireflyLevel * 0.85)
+          pcall(love.graphics.draw, M.flies)
+        end
+        Voxel3D.endEffect()
+      end
+      Voxel3D.blend(nil)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+return ForestAtmos

lib/LetsGo.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,426 @@
+-- LET'S GO: the row, the modes, and every engine seam the capture game
+-- stands on.
+--
+-- Three rungs:
+--
+--   OFF         nothing changes. The default, and what an unrecognised
+--               stored value falls back to.
+--   FULL        the whole Let's Go treatment. A wild encounter opens
+--               STRAIGHT into capture mode (B backs out to the classic
+--               menu for anyone who came to fight), Poke/Great/Ultra
+--               Balls are half price at every mart, and EXPERIENCE works
+--               the way that game's does: every healthy party member
+--               gains from every catch AND every trainer knockout, each
+--               measured against its own level. A catch adds the throw
+--               stack on top -- grade, first throw, new species, combo.
+--   CATCH ONLY  the fights are untouched and the shops are untouched;
+--               the one change is that throwing a ball -- from the bag,
+--               or a SAFARI BALL from the safari menu -- runs the throw
+--               minigame instead of the automatic toss. The minigame's
+--               grade still folds into the Gen 1 catch roll (a good
+--               throw should matter or the ring is a lie), but nothing
+--               outside the throw changes.
+--
+-- The capture game itself lives in lib/CatchThrow.lua and the ball it
+-- throws in lib/Pokeball.lua; this file is the wiring: the ModSetting,
+-- the two BattleState wraps that intercept a ball being thrown, the
+-- auto-entry tick for FULL, the price patch, and the experience hooks.
+--
+-- ------- where the minigame declines to run
+--
+-- The throw is a 3D scene: it needs the staged battle standing (the
+-- over-the-shoulder shot the option's own 3D-BTL row provides, ON by
+-- default), a driver with a depth buffer, and a flat screen (the VR seat
+-- draws through a different pass entirely). Anywhere that fails -- 3D-BTL
+-- switched off, a headless driver, a headset -- the ball quietly takes
+-- the engine's own toss, which is exactly what the mod's "declines
+-- cleanly" rule demands. Trainers, the ghost, the RESTLESS SOUL and the
+-- old man's demo keep the vanilla path on purpose: those branches ARE
+-- their behaviour.
+
+-- the mod namespace (see main.lua): V.require loads a sibling module
+local V = ...
+
+local ModSetting = V.require("ModSetting")
+local Voxel3D = V.require("Voxel3D")
+local CatchThrow = V.require("CatchThrow")
+
+local LetsGo = {}
+
+LetsGo.KEY = "letsgo"
+LetsGo.LABEL = "LET'S GO"
+
+-- `false` first: the default, and the fallback for a stored value from
+-- some other version of this ladder
+LetsGo.setting = ModSetting.new(LetsGo.KEY, LetsGo.LABEL,
+                                { false, "full", "catching" },
+                                { "OFF", "FULL", "CATCH ONLY" })
+
+-- false | "full" | "catching"
+function LetsGo.mode()
+  return LetsGo.setting:get()
+end
+
+local function game() return require("src.core.Game") end
+
+-- ------- half-price balls (FULL)
+--
+-- Prices are live data (game.data.items[id].price) and every reader --
+-- the buy list, the affordability check, the quantity box -- reads them
+-- per use, so patching the table IS the feature. Applied and reverted on
+-- the option's edge, polled from the tick because the row, the manager's
+-- page and a loaded save can all move it and none of them announces to
+-- us. The sell price follows automatically (the mart pays half of list),
+-- which is coherent: cheaper balls are worth less back too.
+local PRICED = { "POKE_BALL", "GREAT_BALL", "ULTRA_BALL" }
+local fullPrices = nil     -- originals while halved, or nil
+
+local function applyPrices()
+  local g = game()
+  local items = g and g.data and g.data.items
+  if not items then return end
+  local wantHalf = LetsGo.mode() == "full"
+  if wantHalf and not fullPrices then
+    fullPrices = {}
+    for _, id in ipairs(PRICED) do
+      local def = items[id]
+      if def and def.price then
+        fullPrices[id] = def.price
+        def.price = math.floor(def.price / 2)
+      end
+    end
+  elseif not wantHalf and fullPrices then
+    for id, price in pairs(fullPrices) do
+      if items[id] then items[id].price = price end
+    end
+    fullPrices = nil
+  end
+end
+
+-- ------- whether a throw can be the minigame
+
+local function vrOn()
+  local ok, vr = pcall(V.require, "VR")
+  return ok and vr and vr.enabled and vr.enabled() or false
+end
+
+function LetsGo.wantsMinigame(battle)
+  if not LetsGo.mode() then return false end
+  if not battle or battle.kind ~= "wild" then return false end
+  if battle.demo or battle.ghost or battle.noCatch then return false end
+  if not Voxel3D.available() or vrOn() then return false end
+  -- the staged shot must actually be standing: this is "there is a 3D
+  -- battle on screen right now", which the throw is aimed into
+  local ok, shot = pcall(function()
+    return V.require("OverworldBattle").shot()
+  end)
+  return (ok and shot) and true or false
+end
+
+-- A Let's Go wild: the encounters FULL owns outright. In these the foe
+-- never takes a turn, the player's Pokemon is never sent out or shown,
+-- B runs (and always escapes), and the encounter lives in throw mode
+-- from the wipe to the last message.
+function LetsGo.fullWild(battle)
+  return LetsGo.mode() == "full" and battle and battle.kind == "wild"
+         and not (battle.safari or battle.demo or battle.ghost
+                  or battle.noCatch)
+         and true or false
+end
+
+-- ------- the experience stack (FULL)
+--
+-- Let's Go pays a catch like a knockout, through the Gen VII scaled
+-- formula -- every party member paid against its OWN level -- times the
+-- catch bonuses. Three engine hooks carry it:
+--
+--   battle.catch_exp    "does a catch pay at all" -- yes, under FULL
+--   battle.exp_award    the distribution: every healthy party member its
+--                       own full share, no participant split
+--   exp.gain            the amount: the scaled formula times the bonus
+--                       stack, in place of floor(b*L/7)
+--
+-- The stack: throw grade (NICE 1.1 / GREAT 1.5 / EXCELLENT 2.0), first
+-- ball of the encounter 1.5, species new to the dex 1.1, and the catch
+-- combo tier. Traded 1.5 still rides through the engine's own flag.
+local expCtx = nil        -- {battle, mult} while a Let's Go catch pays out
+local granting = nil      -- set across the applyShare loop for exp.gain
+
+local function comboMult(n)
+  if n <= 10 then return 1.1 end
+  if n <= 20 then return 1.5 end
+  if n <= 30 then return 2.0 end
+  if n <= 40 then return 2.5 end
+  return 3.0
+end
+
+-- the catch combo, persisted with the save (mod.save rides save.modData):
+-- catching the same species again extends it, anything else restarts it
+local function bumpCombo(species)
+  local ms = V.mod and V.mod.save
+  local combo = { species = species, count = 1 }
+  if ms then
+    local ok, held = pcall(ms.get, ms, "letsgoCombo")
+    if ok and type(held) == "table" and held.species == species then
+      combo.count = (tonumber(held.count) or 0) + 1
+    end
+    pcall(ms.set, ms, "letsgoCombo", combo)
+  end
+  return combo.count
+end
+
+function LetsGo.combo()
+  local ms = V.mod and V.mod.save
+  if not ms then return nil end
+  local ok, held = pcall(ms.get, ms, "letsgoCombo")
+  return ok and type(held) == "table" and held or nil
+end
+
+-- Called by CatchThrow the moment a capture resolves as caught, BEFORE
+-- storeCaughtMon runs -- the dex is not yet marked, so "new species" is
+-- still answerable, and the exp hooks fire inside storeCaughtMon.
+function LetsGo.noteCatch(battle, info)
+  local species = battle.enemy and battle.enemy.mon
+                  and battle.enemy.mon.species
+  local chain = species and bumpCombo(species) or 1
+  if LetsGo.mode() ~= "full" then return end
+  local mult = info.mult or 1
+  if info.firstThrow then mult = mult * 1.5 end
+  local dex = game().save and game().save.pokedex
+  if dex and species and not dex.owned[species] then mult = mult * 1.1 end
+  mult = mult * comboMult(chain)
+  expCtx = { battle = battle, mult = mult }
+end
+
+-- The Gen VII scaled gain: a * b * L / 5, scaled by the RECEIVER's own
+-- level, +1, then the traded boost and (for a catch) the bonus stack.
+-- `s`, the split divisor, is 1 -- the award loop below hands every mon a
+-- full share rather than a share of one.
+--
+-- `a` is the wild/trainer multiplier, 1.5 for a trainer's Pokemon. It is
+-- absent from the catch-side write-ups of this formula for the simple
+-- reason that a caught Pokemon is always wild, so it is always 1 there --
+-- which is also why adding it leaves every catch payout exactly where it
+-- was, verified against the published table in the suite.
+local function scaledGain(c, mult)
+  local b = (c.defeatedDef and c.defeatedDef.baseExp) or 50
+  local L = c.level or 1
+  local Lp = (c.mon and c.mon.level) or L
+  local a = c.isTrainer and 1.5 or 1
+  local scale = ((2 * L + 10) / (L + Lp + 10)) ^ 2.5
+  local exp = math.floor(math.floor(a * b * L / 5) * scale + 1)
+  if c.traded then exp = math.floor(exp * 1.5) end
+  return math.max(1, math.floor(exp * (mult or 1)))
+end
+
+LetsGo._scaledGain = scaledGain   -- named for the suite
+LetsGo._comboMult = comboMult
+
+-- ------- FULL's auto-entry
+--
+-- The moment a wild battle's menu opens under FULL, capture mode opens
+-- over it, with the last ball the player threw (or the first ball in the
+-- bag). B backs out to the classic menu and stays out for that battle --
+-- the bag's own ball route still re-enters the throw.
+local function autoEnter()
+  if LetsGo.mode() ~= "full" then return end
+  if CatchThrow.active() then return end
+  local ok, battle = pcall(function()
+    return V.require("OverworldBattle").battle()
+  end)
+  if not (ok and battle) then return end
+  local g = game()
+  if not (g.stack and g.stack:top() == battle) then return end
+  if battle.phase ~= "menu" then return end
+  if battle.safari then return end      -- the safari menu is already a
+                                        -- catch menu; its BALL row enters
+  if battle.dramaticShapeDeclined then return end
+  if not LetsGo.wantsMinigame(battle) then return end
+  local ball = CatchThrow.pickBall()
+  if not ball then return end
+  CatchThrow.begin(battle, ball, { consumed = false, canSwitch = true,
+                                   fullWild = LetsGo.fullWild(battle) })
+end
+
+-- ------- per frame, from the voxel pipeline's update hook
+--
+-- BEFORE OverworldBattle.update on the same tick, so the ball pose this
+-- frame computes is the ball the scene render a moment later draws.
+function LetsGo.update(dt)
+  applyPrices()
+  CatchThrow.update(dt)
+  autoEnter()
+end
+
+-- ------- install: the two throw seams, the hooks, the input
+--
+-- Installed from main.lua AFTER every other input seam, so the capture's
+-- pointer wraps sit outside them all while it aims.
+local installed = false
+
+function LetsGo.install()
+  if installed then return end
+  installed = true
+
+  local mod = V.mod
+  local BattleState = require("src.battle.BattleState")
+
+  if not BattleState.dramaticShapeLetsGoHook then
+    -- The bag's ball route: BagMenu has already consumed the ball and
+    -- closed itself when this is called, so a session here owns a paid
+    -- ball (cancel refunds it). Vanilla path untouched whenever the
+    -- minigame cannot or should not run.
+    local innerThrow = BattleState.throwBall
+    function BattleState:throwBall(ball)
+      if LetsGo.wantsMinigame(self) then
+        if CatchThrow.begin(self, ball, {
+             consumed = true, fullWild = LetsGo.fullWild(self),
+           }) then return end
+      end
+      return innerThrow(self, ball)
+    end
+
+    -- The safari menu's BALL row: same interception, safari flavour --
+    -- the ball count and the flee check belong to the safari turn, and
+    -- CatchThrow hands back to safariEnemyTurn on a failure.
+    local innerSafari = BattleState.safariAction
+    function BattleState:safariAction(choice)
+      if choice == "ball" and LetsGo.wantsMinigame(self)
+         and self.safari and self.safari.balls > 0 then
+        if CatchThrow.begin(self, "SAFARI_BALL",
+                            { consumed = false, safari = true }) then
+          return
+        end
+      end
+      return innerSafari(self, choice)
+    end
+
+    BattleState.dramaticShapeLetsGoHook = true
+  end
+
+  -- a catch pays experience under FULL, exactly as a knockout would
+  mod.hooks:wrap("battle.catch_exp", function(next_, ctx)
+    if LetsGo.mode() == "full" and ctx and ctx.battle
+       and ctx.battle.kind == "wild" then
+      return true
+    end
+    return next_(ctx)
+  end)
+
+  -- ------- the Let's Go distribution: every healthy party member, in full
+  --
+  -- The engine's own rule is that only the Pokemon that FOUGHT are paid,
+  -- and they split one award between them; EXP.ALL exists to soften that.
+  -- Let's Go deletes the whole arrangement -- everybody gains from
+  -- everything, which is why that game ships no EXP.ALL at all -- and
+  -- each one is measured against its OWN level, so the low member of a
+  -- party pulls several times what the high one does from the same
+  -- knockout.
+  --
+  -- Two ways in. A CATCH arrives with a bonus stack attached (throw
+  -- grade, first ball, new species, combo) which `expCtx` carries. A
+  -- KNOCKOUT under FULL takes the same distribution with no stack --
+  -- those bonuses are rewards for the throw, and there was no throw.
+  --
+  -- Everything else -- CATCH ONLY, the row switched off, another mod's
+  -- battle -- falls through to the engine's own split untouched.
+  -- ------- and it is announced ONCE, not once per Pokemon
+  --
+  -- Six party members would otherwise mean six "X gained N EXP. Points!"
+  -- boxes per knockout. The per-Pokemon lines are suppressed (the `false`
+  -- to applyShare) and one card is shown instead -- see lib/ExpPanel.lua
+  -- for why that is better than a faster wall of the same text.
+  --
+  -- The card is queued BEFORE the loop that fills it. That is not a race:
+  -- applyShare applies its experience immediately and only QUEUES its
+  -- messages, so the loop runs to completion synchronously here, while
+  -- the queue does not reach the card's factory until later -- by which
+  -- time `rows` is complete. Queueing it first is what puts the tally
+  -- ahead of the "grew to level" chatter it is a summary of.
+  local ExpPanel = V.require("ExpPanel")
+  local function payParty(ctx, mult)
+    local battle = ctx.battle
+    local rows = {}
+    battle:uiNext(function() return ExpPanel.new(battle.game, rows) end)
+    granting = { mult = mult }
+    local okAward, err = pcall(function()
+      for _, mon in ipairs(battle.game.save.party) do
+        if mon.hp > 0 then
+          local exp0, lv0 = mon.exp, mon.level
+          ctx.applyShare(mon, 1, false)
+          rows[#rows + 1] = { mon = mon, gained = mon.exp - exp0,
+                              from = lv0, to = mon.level }
+        end
+      end
+    end)
+    granting = nil
+    if not okAward then error(err, 0) end
+  end
+
+  mod.hooks:wrap("battle.exp_award", function(next_, ctx)
+    local cc = expCtx
+    if cc and ctx and ctx.battle == cc.battle then
+      expCtx = nil
+      return payParty(ctx, cc.mult)
+    end
+    if LetsGo.mode() == "full" and ctx and ctx.battle then
+      return payParty(ctx, 1)
+    end
+    return next_(ctx)
+  end)
+
+  -- and the amount, per receiving mon, while that loop runs
+  mod.hooks:wrap("exp.gain", function(next_, c)
+    if not granting then return next_(c) end
+    return scaledGain(c, granting.mult)
+  end)
+
+  -- ------- FULL owns a wild encounter from its first frame
+  --
+  -- The engine's intro ends by sending the player's Pokemon out -- the
+  -- back pic slides off, "Go! X!", the poof, the grow-in -- and a Let's
+  -- Go wild has no player Pokemon in it at all. The send-out is exactly
+  -- the LAST SIX rows of the intro queue when this event fires (built in
+  -- BattleState's start, gated `not safari and not demo`), so they are
+  -- stripped by SHAPE -- act, wait, act, say, POOF, act -- and left alone
+  -- if a future engine moves them: the veil still hides the visuals, the
+  -- engine just narrates a send-out that is not shown.
+  --
+  -- Stripping them leaves showPlayerBack TRUE for the whole battle, which
+  -- is the flag the engine's own HUD path reads as "no player HUD" -- the
+  -- player's side vanishes from the readout for free.
+  --
+  -- The veil goes up in the same breath: the capture table, installed
+  -- before any session exists, so the whole encounter -- wipe, "Wild X
+  -- appeared!", every beat between throws -- plays from the held head-on
+  -- seat with the player's side out of the shot.
+  mod.events:on("battle.started", function(payload)
+    local b = payload and payload.battle
+    if not (b and LetsGo.fullWild(b)) then return end
+    if not (Voxel3D.available() and not vrOn()) then return end
+    if not CatchThrow.pickBall() then return end
+    local q = b.queue
+    local n = q and #q or 0
+    if n >= 6 and type(q[n]) == "table" and q[n].fn
+       and q[n - 1] and q[n - 1].anim == "POOF_ANIM"
+       and q[n - 2] and q[n - 2].text
+       and q[n - 3] and q[n - 3].fn
+       and q[n - 4] and q[n - 4].wait
+       and q[n - 5] and q[n - 5].fn then
+      for _ = 1, 6 do table.remove(q) end
+    end
+    pcall(CatchThrow.veil, b)
+  end)
+
+  -- a battle ending sweeps everything: the capture epilogue, the veil, a
+  -- session a script tore down, and the exp context if the payout never
+  -- fired
+  mod.events:on("battle.ended", function()
+    expCtx = nil
+    pcall(CatchThrow.onBattleEnded)
+  end)
+
+  CatchThrow.installInput()
+end
+
+return LetsGo

lib/Mat4.lua

@@ -64,6 +64,14 @@ function Mat4.rotateX(a)
            0, 0, 0, 1 }
 end
 
+function Mat4.rotateZ(a)
+  local c, s = math.cos(a), math.sin(a)
+  return { c, -s, 0, 0,
+           s, c, 0, 0,
+           0, 0, 1, 0,
+           0, 0, 0, 1 }
+end
+
 -- The rotation a unit quaternion describes, row-major. The VR rig is what
 -- needs it: an OpenXR eye pose arrives as position + orientation
 -- quaternion, and both the eye's transform and its inverse (the view) are

lib/ModSetting.lua

@@ -47,6 +47,42 @@ local function indexOf(self, value)
   return 1
 end
 
+-- ------- rungs that are not always there
+--
+-- A ladder may carry a rung that cannot be selected right now -- STADIUM
+-- needs models built out of a ROM the player supplies, and until that has
+-- happened there is nothing behind the option. `gate` is asked per rung and
+-- decides whether it exists at all this frame.
+--
+-- Skipped rather than shown-and-refused, deliberately. A row that can be
+-- cycled onto and then does nothing is indistinguishable from a broken mod;
+-- a row that simply has fewer stops reads as the mod not offering something,
+-- which is the truth. What the player is missing, and how to get it, is said
+-- once in the row's help text instead of implied by a dead setting.
+--
+-- values[1] is never gated: it is the default and the fallback, so there is
+-- always at least one rung to land on.
+function ModSetting:setGate(gate)
+  self.gate = gate
+  return self
+end
+
+function ModSetting:allows(i)
+  if i == 1 or not self.gate then return true end
+  local ok, allowed = pcall(self.gate, self.values[i], i)
+  return (not ok) or allowed and true or false
+end
+
+-- How many rungs are live, for a caller that wants to know whether a row is
+-- worth showing at all.
+function ModSetting:rungs()
+  local n = 0
+  for i = 1, #self.values do
+    if self:allows(i) then n = n + 1 end
+  end
+  return n
+end
+
 -- What the player left it at last session. Read lazily rather than at load
 -- time: the loader fills modOptions before a mod runs, but reading through
 -- the API keeps this honest about where the value lives.
@@ -63,7 +99,13 @@ function ModSetting:read()
 end
 
 function ModSetting:get()
-  return self.values[self:read()]
+  local i = self:read()
+  -- a rung that was live when it was stored and is not now -- the player
+  -- moved the ROM, or opened the same save on another machine -- reads as
+  -- the default rather than as a mode with nothing behind it. The stored
+  -- value is left alone, so putting the ROM back restores their choice.
+  if not self:allows(i) then return self.values[1] end
+  return self.values[i]
 end
 
 function ModSetting:level()
@@ -91,8 +133,32 @@ function ModSetting:setIndex(i, game)
   return value
 end
 
+-- Set by the STORED VALUE rather than by its place on the ladder, for a
+-- caller that knows which setting it wants and not where it sits -- a
+-- preset, or an assertion. An unrecognised value lands on values[1], the
+-- same default indexOf answers everywhere else, so this can never leave a
+-- setting holding something the row cannot display.
+--
+-- Worth having as its own entry point because a ladder's ORDER is not a
+-- promise: 3D-BTL grew a third rung in the middle of itself (see
+-- OverworldBattle), and every caller that had counted to two would have
+-- silently meant something else afterwards.
+function ModSetting:setValue(value, game)
+  return self:setIndex(indexOf(self, value), game)
+end
+
+-- Step to the next rung that is actually live, in `dir`. Bounded by the
+-- ladder's length so a gate that refuses everything still terminates on
+-- values[1], which allows() never gates.
 function ModSetting:cycle(game, dir)
-  return self:setIndex(self:read() + (dir or 1), game)
+  dir = dir or 1
+  local n = #self.values
+  local i = self:read()
+  for _ = 1, n do
+    i = ((i + dir - 1) % n + n) % n + 1
+    if self:allows(i) then break end
+  end
+  return self:setIndex(i, game)
 end
 
 -- Adopt a value set from somewhere else (the mod manager's settings page,
@@ -109,7 +175,12 @@ function ModSetting:row()
   return {
     id = "DRAMATIC_SHAPE:" .. self.key,
     label = self.label,
-    value = function() return self_.labels[self_:read()] end,
+    -- the label of the rung actually in force, which is not the stored one
+    -- when that rung has been gated away (see get)
+    value = function()
+      local i = self_:read()
+      return self_.labels[self_:allows(i) and i or 1]
+    end,
     step = function(game, dir)
       self_:cycle(game, dir)
       return true
@@ -120,7 +191,11 @@ end
 -- The row the mod manager's own settings page builds for this mod.
 function ModSetting:schema(help)
   local choices = {}
-  for i, v in ipairs(self.values) do choices[i] = { self.labels[i], v } end
+  -- gated rungs are left off the manager's page too, so the two rows agree
+  -- about what can be chosen
+  for i, v in ipairs(self.values) do
+    if self:allows(i) then choices[#choices + 1] = { self.labels[i], v } end
+  end
   if #self.values == 2 and self.values[1] == false then
     return { key = self.key, type = "toggle", label = self.label,
              default = self.values[1], help = help }

lib/OverworldBattle.lua

@@ -60,13 +60,80 @@ if DEBUG == nil or DEBUG == false then DEBUG = nil end
 OverworldBattle.KEY = "battles"
 OverworldBattle.LABEL = "3D-BTL"
 
--- On by default: a mod whose headline is "the world in 3D" should not need
--- the player to go and find the switch before the world shows up in a
--- battle. ON is first, so it is also what an unreadable stored value falls
--- back to.
-OverworldBattle.setting = ModSetting.new(OverworldBattle.KEY,
-                                         OverworldBattle.LABEL,
-                                         { true, false }, { "ON", "OFF" })
+-- Five rungs. Two independent choices, laid out as one ladder because they
+-- are one question to the player -- WHAT is standing there, and WHERE:
+--
+--              on the MAP              on two DISCS
+--   pics       2D-3D A                 2D-3D B
+--   models     STADIUM A               STADIUM B
+--
+--   2D-3D A    the mode this file was written for: the fight is staged on
+--              the map and the two Pokemon are the GB's OWN PICS, stood up
+--              on their tiles as quads (BattleBillboard).
+--   2D-3D B    those same pics on a pair of DISCS against the sky, with no
+--              map at all (see lib/StadiumStage.lua). The Game Boy's own
+--              framing with the Game Boy's own art, in three dimensions --
+--              and, like every B rung, it works everywhere, including the
+--              caves and shop floors that have nowhere to stage a fight.
+--   STADIUM A  the staged fight with the Pokemon Stadium battle models in
+--              place of those quads -- skinned, animated, and playing the
+--              animation the move being used actually calls for (see
+--              lib/Stadium.lua). The world is still the world: the fight
+--              happens on real ground, in the map's own weather and light.
+--   STADIUM B  the models on the discs: both halves swapped at once.
+--   OFF        the engine's own white battle screen.
+--
+-- A and B is the STAGE and it is the same stage either way -- the discs do
+-- not know what is standing on them and BattleScene draws them off
+-- `arena.discs` alone, which is why the second column cost a value in this
+-- table and nothing else. The four combinations are all reachable rather
+-- than only the diagonal, because a player who cannot use the STADIUM rungs
+-- -- no ROM, or a ROM they would rather not go and find -- should still be
+-- able to have the disc framing, and because the discs are the answer to
+-- "this map has nowhere to fight" whichever art is standing on them.
+--
+-- 2D-3D A stays FIRST because ModSetting's values[1] is both the default and
+-- what an unrecognised stored value falls back to, and the stored value for
+-- this row has been `true` since the row existed. Keeping `true` at the head
+-- means every save written before the later rungs existed reads back as the
+-- 2D-3D it was written for, and a mod whose headline is "the world in 3D"
+-- still does not need the player to go and find the switch.
+--
+-- Every other stored value is likewise the one it has always been --
+-- "stadium" from before there was a B, "stadiumB" from before there was a
+-- flat one -- so no save loses the mode it chose.
+--
+-- Both STADIUM rungs are GATED on the models existing: the mod ships no
+-- Pokemon Stadium data, and until the player's own ROM has been found and
+-- built from (StadiumInstall) the row simply has two fewer stops. See
+-- ModSetting.setGate for why they are skipped rather than shown and refused.
+-- 2D-3D B is NOT gated: its stage is generated in Lua and its Pokemon are
+-- the game's own art, so it needs nothing the base game did not ship.
+OverworldBattle.FLAT_B = "flatB"
+
+OverworldBattle.setting =
+  ModSetting.new(OverworldBattle.KEY, OverworldBattle.LABEL,
+                 { true, "flatB", "stadium", "stadiumB", false },
+                 { "2D-3D A", "2D-3D B", "STADIUM A", "STADIUM B", "OFF" })
+  :setGate(function(value)
+    if value ~= "stadium" and value ~= "stadiumB" then return true end
+    local ok, install = pcall(V.require, "StadiumInstall")
+    return ok and install and install.available()
+  end)
+
+-- Whether the fight stands on the two carried DISCS rather than on the map
+-- -- the B column above, whichever row of it. Asked by stageFor (what to
+-- stage on), wantsFront (whether this map needs an arena at all) and, once
+-- the arena carries the answer as `arena.discs`, by BattleScene and
+-- VoxelScene for what to draw.
+--
+-- Read straight off the row rather than through Stadium, because it is a
+-- question about the STAGE and half the rungs that answer yes have no
+-- Stadium models on them at all.
+function OverworldBattle.discs()
+  local value = OverworldBattle.setting:get()
+  return (value == OverworldBattle.FLAT_B or value == "stadiumB")
+end
 
 -- Whether the VR row is ON -- read lazily, because VR requires modules
 -- that sit above this one. While it is, this mode stops being optional:
@@ -83,6 +150,15 @@ function OverworldBattle.enabled()
   return OverworldBattle.setting:get() and true or false
 end
 
+-- Whether the STADIUM rung is the one selected -- read through Stadium so
+-- there is one answer to that question and it lives with the mode it
+-- describes. Required lazily: Stadium sits above this file and requires it
+-- back (for the row), which a load-time require would deadlock.
+function OverworldBattle.stadium()
+  local ok, stadium = pcall(V.require, "Stadium")
+  return (ok and stadium and stadium.enabled()) and true or false
+end
+
 -- ------- BACK SPRITES: the player's own mon stays on the menu
 --
 -- The staged shot stands BOTH mons on the map, which is the mode's whole
@@ -173,6 +249,9 @@ function OverworldBattle.wantsFront()
   local g = require("src.core.Game")
   local ow = g and g.overworld
   if not (ow and ow.map and ow.player) then return false end
+  -- a B rung carries its own stage, so the answer is yes on every map and
+  -- there is nothing to search or to cache
+  if OverworldBattle.discs() then return true end
   if staged.mapId ~= ow.map.id then
     local ok, arena = pcall(BattleArena.find, ow.map,
                             ow.player.cellX, ow.player.cellY,
@@ -276,6 +355,10 @@ end
 
 function OverworldBattle.textRects(battle)
   if not battle or battle.blankForAskName then return {} end
+  -- a capture session aiming has no text to put in the box and takes it
+  -- off the frame (see the drawTextArea wrap): no box, no glass under it
+  local cap = BattleScene.capture
+  if cap and cap.hideTextBox then return {} end
   local r = OverworldBattle.TEXT_RECT
   local out = { box = r.box }
   if battle.phase == "moveSelect" then
@@ -420,6 +503,30 @@ function OverworldBattle.forceOG(g)
   return true
 end
 
+-- Where THIS fight stands, on whichever rung is running: the map's own
+-- ground, or the pair of discs a B rung carries with it.
+--
+-- The one place the two columns actually diverge, and it is worth stating
+-- plainly. On an A rung the answer can be NO -- a corridor, a shop floor, a
+-- map whose authored entry is a refusal -- and the battle then plays exactly
+-- as the vanilla game does. A B rung cannot fail: its stage is not something
+-- the map has to have room for, so a fight in the tightest cave in Kanto is
+-- staged as readily as one on Route 1.
+function OverworldBattle.stageFor(state)
+  if OverworldBattle.discs() and Voxel3D.available() then
+    local okStage, arena = pcall(function()
+      return V.require("StadiumStage").arena(state.map)
+    end)
+    if okStage and arena then return arena end
+    -- the discs could not be built; fall through to the map, which is a
+    -- worse picture but a real one
+  end
+  local okFind, arena = pcall(BattleArena.find, state.map,
+                              state.player.cellX, state.player.cellY,
+                              state.player.surfing)
+  return (okFind and arena) or nil
+end
+
 -- Stage a battle triggered from `state`, if this mode can. Returns true when
 -- a session started -- which is also the only case where anything visible
 -- changes, so a map with no room for an arena plays exactly the vanilla
@@ -430,10 +537,8 @@ function OverworldBattle.begin(state, battle)
   if not (state and state.map and state.player) then return false end
   if not Voxel3D.available() then return false end
 
-  local ok, arena = pcall(BattleArena.find, state.map,
-                          state.player.cellX, state.player.cellY,
-                          state.player.surfing)
-  if not (ok and arena) then return false end
+  local arena = OverworldBattle.stageFor(state)
+  if not arena then return false end
 
   -- the fight is staged from here on, so the layout it is composed for is not
   -- optional any more (see forceOG)
@@ -443,6 +548,9 @@ function OverworldBattle.begin(state, battle)
               armed = false, token = 0 }
   cullCast(state)
   BattleCam.reset()
+  -- and, on the STADIUM rung, the pair of models that will stand on this
+  -- arena's two cells. Declines quietly on any other rung.
+  pcall(function() V.require("Stadium").begin(arena) end)
   return true
 end
 
@@ -473,6 +581,7 @@ function OverworldBattle.finish()
   restoreCast()
   session = nil
   Voxel3D.camera = nil
+  pcall(function() V.require("Stadium").finish() end)
 end
 
 -- ------- per-frame
@@ -510,7 +619,13 @@ function OverworldBattle.update(dt)
   -- was solved for (the slow drift aside, which was always there). Polled
   -- per frame rather than latched at battle start: the row is reachable
   -- from the mod manager's page mid-session.
+  -- A LET'S GO capture session holds it too: the throw is aimed in this
+  -- exact framing, and a camera that moved under a ball in flight would
+  -- bend where the flick was pointed after the fact. (The session also
+  -- sets BattleCam.still, which is what stops the drift -- see
+  -- CatchThrow.begin.)
   BattleCam.steerable = not OverworldBattle.backPinned()
+                        and not BattleScene.capture
   -- the right stick, read as a rate before the rig is built from it: the
   -- wheel, the keys, the mouse and a drag all arrive as events and have
   -- already landed, but a stick is a HELD position and only a tick can
@@ -524,6 +639,17 @@ function OverworldBattle.update(dt)
   -- slice: nothing visible can hitch on them
   ChunkMesher.pump(true)
 
+  -- The STADIUM models, ahead of the pics, because what they decide is
+  -- WHICH pics are needed: a side a model is standing on gets no billboard
+  -- texture rendered for it at all (see Stadium.covers). Posed and skinned
+  -- here too, once for the frame -- the sun pass, the camera and, in a
+  -- headset, both eyes all draw the same skinned meshes.
+  pcall(function()
+    local host = (session.arena and session.arena.map) or session.state.map
+    V.require("Stadium").update(dt, session.battle,
+                                BattleScene.groundY(host, session.arena))
+  end)
+
   -- The mons' textures are rendered HERE, with no canvas bound, for the same
   -- reason the scene is: the pics layer binds its own targets, and doing that
   -- inside somebody else's frame means putting the frame back afterwards.
@@ -582,15 +708,11 @@ function OverworldBattle.update(dt)
     -- reason the scene is: it binds a canvas of its own. After the frost, so
     -- the glass is frosted from the world alone and never from the glyphs
     -- about to sit on it.
-    local ios = isIOS()
-    local okHud, up = false, false
-    if not ios then
-      okHud, up = pcall(OverworldBattle.snapHUDs, session.battle, shot)
-    end
+    local okHud, up = pcall(OverworldBattle.snapHUDs, session.battle, shot)
     session.snapped = (okHud and up) and true or false
     -- once per battle, not once per frame: a driver that cannot do this cannot
     -- do it sixty times a second either, and the fallback is silent and fine
-    if not ios and not okHud and not session.hudWarned then
+    if not okHud and not session.hudWarned then
       session.hudWarned = true
       V.mod.log:warn("overworld battle HUD snap failed: %s -- the HUDs draw "
                      .. "in the battle frame this battle", tostring(up))
@@ -635,6 +757,30 @@ function OverworldBattle.battle()
   return session.battle
 end
 
+-- The staged fight's arena and floor height, for the capture mode: the
+-- foe's world cell is the far end of the throw and the floor is what a
+-- short ball bounces on. nil whenever there is nothing staged, which is
+-- one of the gates that sends a throw back to the engine's own toss.
+function OverworldBattle.arenaInfo()
+  if not (session and session.arena and not session.broken) then return nil end
+  local host = session.arena.map or (session.state and session.state.map)
+  if not host then return nil end
+  return session.arena, BattleScene.groundY(host, session.arena)
+end
+
+-- The foe's rendered pic texture, for the capture mode's ring. The mark
+-- BattleScene pins is the CELL's ground point, but a species' art sits
+-- wherever the artist drew it in the frame -- a bird hovers half a slot
+-- above its own feet row -- and a timing ring belongs on the CREATURE,
+-- not on its patch of grass. The capture session reads this canvas back
+-- once and centres the ring on the art's opaque box. nil on the STADIUM
+-- rungs (the foe is a model, no pic is rendered) and before the first
+-- textures pass, both of which the caller treats as "use the heuristic".
+function OverworldBattle.enemyTexture()
+  if not (session and session.textures) then return nil end
+  return session.textures.enemy
+end
+
 -- The move-animation layer as a texture: the engine's own drawAnimLayer,
 -- rendered UNSHIFTED (slot-authored coordinates) into a GB-sized
 -- transparent canvas of its own. This is what stands the effects up in
@@ -710,6 +856,9 @@ function OverworldBattle.invalidate()
   BattleDOF.invalidate()
   BattleHud.invalidate()
   BattlePics.invalidate()
+  -- the STADIUM models hold meshes and textures of this graphics context
+  -- like everything else here does
+  pcall(function() V.require("Stadium").invalidate() end)
 end
 
 -- ------- the battle screen's background
@@ -908,6 +1057,14 @@ local OFF = {
 -- feet ended up, in canvas coordinates.
 function OverworldBattle.sideTexture(battle, side)
   if not (innerPics and battle) then return nil end
+  -- On the STADIUM rung a side standing a MODEL needs no pic: rendering one
+  -- anyway would hang a second, flat copy of the same Pokemon on the same
+  -- cell. Asked per side, so a species with no pack -- or a substitute
+  -- doll, or the trainer before the send-out -- still comes through here.
+  local okS, covered = pcall(function()
+    return V.require("Stadium").covers(battle, side)
+  end)
+  if okS and covered then return nil end
   if not sideVisible(battle, side) then return nil end
   local canvas = texCanvasFor(side)
   if not canvas then return nil end
@@ -980,12 +1137,26 @@ function OverworldBattle.textures(battle)
   local out = {}
   local okE, enemy = pcall(OverworldBattle.sideTexture, battle, "enemy")
   local okP, player = true, nil
-  if not OverworldBattle.backPinned() then
+  -- a LET'S GO capture session empties the player's side the same way
+  -- BACK SPRITES does: that mon is simply not in this shot, so no pic is
+  -- rendered for it and no shadow lands under it
+  local cap = BattleScene.capture
+  if not OverworldBattle.backPinned()
+     and not (cap and cap.hidePlayer) then
     okP, player = pcall(OverworldBattle.sideTexture, battle, "player")
   end
   out.enemy = okE and enemy or nil
   out.player = okP and player or nil
-  if not (out.enemy or out.player) then return nil end
+  -- On the STADIUM rung both sides can legitimately have no pic -- the pair
+  -- of them are models -- and this table must still come back, because it
+  -- carries the HIT FLASH, and because the VR eye pass uses its presence to
+  -- decide there is a staged fight to draw at all.
+  local okStanding, standing = pcall(function()
+    return V.require("Stadium").standing()
+  end)
+  if not (out.enemy or out.player or (okStanding and standing)) then
+    return nil
+  end
   out.flash = OverworldBattle.flashing(battle)
   return out
 end
@@ -1008,6 +1179,12 @@ function OverworldBattle.install()
     OverworldState.dramaticShapeBattleHook = true
   end
 
+  -- the STADIUM rung's own four wraps, which drive the models' animations
+  -- off the fight (see Stadium.install). Idempotent in the same way, and
+  -- installed whichever rung the row is on: the wraps do nothing at all
+  -- while no stadium session is live.
+  pcall(function() V.require("Stadium").install() end)
+
   local BattleState = require("src.battle.BattleState")
   if BattleState.dramaticShapeBattleHook then return end
 
@@ -1097,6 +1274,11 @@ function OverworldBattle.install()
     self.letterboxWhite = false
     OverworldBattle.drawHudPanels(self)
     withoutBackgroundFill(self, innerDraw)
+    -- the LET'S GO capture overlay -- the timing ring, the ball readout,
+    -- the grade splash -- drawn last in the same GB frame the engine's
+    -- own HUD drew in, so it letterboxes and chunks identically
+    local cap = BattleScene.capture
+    if cap and cap.drawGB then pcall(cap.drawGB, self) end
   end
 
   -- The mons are geometry standing on the map now, drawn in the 3D pass
@@ -1114,6 +1296,10 @@ function OverworldBattle.install()
     if not shot then
       return innerPics(self, slide, sx, sy, onlySide, skipMenuClip)
     end
+    -- a capture session shows NO player side at all -- not even the
+    -- pinned back pic BACK SPRITES would keep on the menu
+    local cap = BattleScene.capture
+    if cap and cap.hidePlayer then return end
     if OverworldBattle.backPinned() and onlySide ~= "enemy" then
       -- under the hour's own light, like everything else in the frame -- see
       -- withTint, and the tint BattleScene hands over with the shot.
@@ -1130,18 +1316,20 @@ function OverworldBattle.install()
   end
 
   -- The battle's text box and its menus, over the frosted glass laid down for
-  -- them rather than over their own white paper -- and their ink flipped with
-  -- the HUD's when the ground under the frame is dark, by the same rule and
-  -- off the same verdict.
+  -- them rather than over their own white paper. The INK is Gen 1's own black
+  -- and stays that way whatever is behind the glass -- the panel's tint is
+  -- what earns it its contrast (see BattleHud).
   local innerText = BattleState.drawTextArea
   function BattleState:drawTextArea()
     if not self.dramaticShapeShot then return innerText(self) end
-    if isIOS() then return innerText(self) end
-    local battle = self
-    if not self.dramaticShapeDark then return withoutBoxFill(battle, innerText) end
-    BattleHud.flipGlyphs(BattleScene.GB_W, BattleScene.GB_H, function()
-      withoutBoxFill(battle, innerText)
-    end)
+    -- While a capture session is being AIMED the box is empty -- the
+    -- battle's phase is parked, so there is no message in it -- and it
+    -- covers the bottom third of the frame, which is exactly the room a
+    -- throw needs to wind up in. So it comes off entirely for those
+    -- frames and is back the instant a message has something to say.
+    local cap = BattleScene.capture
+    if cap and cap.hideTextBox then return end
+    return withoutBoxFill(self, innerText)
   end
 
   -- Move animations are authored against the pics' fixed slots, and a single
@@ -1234,28 +1422,13 @@ function OverworldBattle.install()
     if not ok then error(err, 0) end
   end
 
-  -- Black glyphs on grass are not readable; over a frosted panel measured
-  -- dark they are not readable either, so they go white. Mapped rather than
-  -- rewritten: the HUD sets pure black for its text and nothing else, and in
-  -- the colorized pipeline this lands in the grayscale BG canvas, where
-  -- white IS shade 0 and the zone pass then colours it like every other
-  -- lightest-shade surface. One rule, both pipelines.
-  --
-  -- The HP bar is untouched: it is drawn in its own greens and reds, and
-  -- only an exactly-black set is remapped.
   innerHUDs = BattleState.drawHUDs
   function BattleState:drawHUDs(slide)
     -- Normally the HUDs have already been drawn this frame, snapped out to the
     -- window's edges and composited into the world image (snapHUDs). Drawing
     -- them here as well would show each block twice, once in each place.
     if self.dramaticShapeShot and snapped() then return end
-    if not (self.dramaticShapeShot and self.dramaticShapeDark) then
-      return innerHUDs(self, slide)
-    end
-    local battle = self
-    BattleHud.flipGlyphs(BattleScene.GB_W, BattleScene.GB_H, function()
-      innerHUDs(battle, slide)
-    end)
+    return innerHUDs(self, slide)
   end
 
   BattleState.dramaticShapeBattleHook = true
@@ -1287,18 +1460,17 @@ end
 -- outside the frame that pass covers. In the colorized pipeline drawHUDs leaves
 -- the HP bar's fill as DMG gray for the zone pass to colour by region (#229);
 -- answered false, it tints its own greens and reds instead, exactly as it does
--- on the flat path. The glyphs are pure black either way, which is what the
--- flip in BattleHud.layerTexture is measured against.
+-- on the flat path.
 --
 -- Shadowed on the instance for this call only, the way drawZonePass shadows
 -- activeBgp: putting the field back to whatever it was (normally nil) lets the
 -- class method be found again.
-function OverworldBattle.hudTexture(battle, slide, dark)
+function OverworldBattle.hudTexture(battle, slide)
   if not (innerHUDs and battle) then return nil end
   local had = rawget(battle, "colorMode")
   battle.colorMode = function() return false end
   local ok, layer = pcall(BattleHud.layerTexture,
-                          BattleScene.GB_W, BattleScene.GB_H, dark,
+                          BattleScene.GB_W, BattleScene.GB_H,
                           function() innerHUDs(battle, slide) end)
   battle.colorMode = had
   return ok and layer or nil
@@ -1329,24 +1501,20 @@ function OverworldBattle.snapHUDs(battle, shot)
   local rects, bandX = OverworldBattle.snapRects(shot)
   local enemy, player = OverworldBattle.hudLive(battle, slide)
   local live = {}
-  if enemy then live.enemy = rects.enemy end
-  if player then live.player = rects.player end
-  -- and the text box's own glass, on the same pass. It stays in the middle of
-  -- the frame where the engine draws it -- only the HUDs were snapped out --
-  -- so its GB rect is mapped into the letterbox rather than to an edge.
-  for key, rect in pairs(OverworldBattle.textRects(battle)) do
-    live[key] = toWorld(rect, shot)
+  if not isIOS() then
+    if enemy then live.enemy = rects.enemy end
+    if player then live.player = rects.player end
   end
-  -- measured under the SNAPPED rects: the panels are over whatever the world
-  -- shows at the window's edges now, which is not what was behind them in the
-  -- middle of the frame. ONE verdict over all of them, HUDs and box together,
-  -- for the reason BattleHud.verdict gives: a frame with white glyphs in the
-  -- corner and black ones on the menu reads as a bug rather than as adaptation.
-  local dark = BattleHud.verdict(live, shot, true)
-  -- the box's own ink is flipped where the engine draws it, in the GB frame,
-  -- so the answer has to outlive this function (see drawHudPanels)
-  if session then session.dark = dark end
-  local layer = OverworldBattle.hudTexture(battle, slide, dark)
+  -- The text box's frost panel normally goes into this same world-canvas pass.
+  -- On iOS that panel is mirrored upward by the Canvas-to-Canvas path, creating
+  -- the large ghost rectangle behind the Pokemon. Keep the box border/text but
+  -- skip only this frosted backing on iOS.
+  if not isIOS() then
+    for key, rect in pairs(OverworldBattle.textRects(battle)) do
+      live[key] = toWorld(rect, shot)
+    end
+  end
+  local layer = OverworldBattle.hudTexture(battle, slide)
   if not layer then return false end
 
   local g = love.graphics
@@ -1355,13 +1523,29 @@ function OverworldBattle.snapHUDs(battle, shot)
   local ok, err = pcall(function()
     g.setCanvas(shot.canvas)
     g.setBlendMode("alpha")
-    for _, rect in pairs(live) do BattleHud.panel(rect, shot, dark, true) end
+    for _, rect in pairs(live) do BattleHud.panel(rect, shot, true) end
     g.setColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
     for side, band in pairs(OverworldBattle.HUD_BAND) do
       local quad = g.newQuad(band[1], band[2], band[3], band[4],
                              BattleScene.GB_W, BattleScene.GB_H)
-      g.draw(layer, quad, bandX[side] + band[1] * shot.scale,
-             shot.ly + band[2] * shot.scale, 0, shot.scale, shot.scale)
+      local x = bandX[side] + band[1] * shot.scale
+      local targetY = shot.ly + band[2] * shot.scale
+
+      if isIOS() then
+        -- Keep the player's HUD exactly where it currently appears on the
+        -- right. Only the enemy band needs its mirrored destination corrected.
+        local y = targetY
+        if side == "enemy" then
+          y = shot.ph - targetY - band[4] * shot.scale
+        end
+
+        -- iOS presents this Canvas-to-Canvas HUD texture upside down.
+        g.draw(layer, quad, x, y, 0,
+               shot.scale, -shot.scale, 0, band[4])
+      else
+        g.draw(layer, quad, x, targetY, 0,
+               shot.scale, shot.scale)
+      end
     end
   end)
   if prevCanvas then g.setCanvas(prevCanvas) else g.setCanvas() end
@@ -1380,21 +1564,8 @@ end
 -- drawn here, in the GB frame, whichever path laid the glass under it.
 function OverworldBattle.drawHudPanels(battle)
   local shot = battle.dramaticShapeShot
-  battle.dramaticShapeDark = nil
   if not shot then return end
-  if isIOS() then
-    local slide = (battle.introSlide or 0) * 4
-    local enemy, player = OverworldBattle.hudLive(battle, slide)
-    local rect = OverworldBattle.HUD_RECT
-    love.graphics.setColor(1, 1, 1, 0.84)
-    if enemy then love.graphics.rectangle("fill", rect.enemy[1], rect.enemy[2], rect.enemy[3], rect.enemy[4]) end
-    if player then love.graphics.rectangle("fill", rect.player[1], rect.player[2], rect.player[3], rect.player[4]) end
-    love.graphics.setColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
-    battle.dramaticShapeDark = nil
-    return
-  end
   if snapped() then
-    battle.dramaticShapeDark = session and session.dark or nil
     return
   end
   local slide = (battle.introSlide or 0) * 4
@@ -1405,9 +1576,7 @@ function OverworldBattle.drawHudPanels(battle)
   if player then live.player = rect.player end
   for key, r in pairs(OverworldBattle.textRects(battle)) do live[key] = r end
   if not next(live) then return end
-  local dark = BattleHud.verdict(live, shot)
-  battle.dramaticShapeDark = dark
-  for _, r in pairs(live) do BattleHud.panel(r, shot, dark) end
+  for _, r in pairs(live) do BattleHud.panel(r, shot) end
 end
 
 return OverworldBattle

lib/Pokeball.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,594 @@
+-- A Poke Ball as real geometry: the prop the LET'S GO capture mode throws.
+--
+-- The mod has never drawn a ball in 3D -- the one the engine tosses is a 2D
+-- sprite inside the battle's move-animation layer. This is a ball that can
+-- fly through the arena, hang in the air in front of the camera, hinge its
+-- lid open, drink a Pokemon in, click shut, rock on the ground and burst
+-- back open -- all of it depth-tested, sun-shadowed and hour-tinted like
+-- everything else in the diorama, because it is a mesh in Voxel3D's own
+-- format going through Voxel3D's own shader.
+--
+-- ------- how it is built
+--
+-- Two lat/long hemisphere shells that meet at the equator -- the WHITE base
+-- and the coloured LID -- each carrying its half of the black band as a
+-- slightly bulged latitude belt, so the two halves separate exactly where
+-- the real ball separates. The button is a little cylinder standing out of
+-- the base's front; the interior is sealed with two pale discs so an open
+-- ball shows a shell with a floor rather than a view through to the far
+-- wall's backface. Colour is a palette texture one texel per material and
+-- one ROW per ball tier (POKE/GREAT/ULTRA/MASTER/SAFARI), exactly the
+-- HordeGun/Pokedex scheme -- so GREAT is blue and ULTRA wears its yellow
+-- band without a second mesh, just a different V coordinate.
+--
+-- Shade is baked per vertex from the surface normal with StadiumStage's
+-- fitted constants, which is this mod's answer for anything curved: the
+-- ball's sun side and belly read as a sphere under the same southeastern
+-- sun the roofs are lit by.
+--
+-- ------- how it animates
+--
+-- The HordeGun way: a handful of scalar timers advanced by update(dt) and
+-- consumed as matrix terms at draw time. No skeleton, no keyframes --
+-- lid is a hinge matrix about the back of the equator, the wobble is a
+-- decaying rotateZ about the ground contact point, the caught click is a
+-- squash pulse, the stars are one shared quad drawn a few times facing the
+-- eye. The ball owns its POSE only; where it IS (the throw arc, the drop)
+-- is the caller's problem, which is what keeps this file a prop and not a
+-- game mode.
+--
+-- Nothing here touches love.* until something has to be drawn, so the
+-- module loads and the state machine runs headless -- the test suite
+-- exercises the phases without a GPU.
+
+-- the mod namespace (see main.lua): V.require loads a sibling module
+local V = ...
+
+local Mat4 = V.require("Mat4")
+local Voxel3D = V.require("Voxel3D")
+
+local Pokeball = {}
+Pokeball.__index = Pokeball
+
+-- ------- the ball's measurements, in world pixels
+--
+-- A map cell is 16 and a full-size mon card is 16 wide, so a 4.4-pixel ball
+-- sits in the hand and against a Pokemon at about the proportion the games
+-- draw: unmissable in the foreground, believable at the far cell.
+Pokeball.R = 2.2
+
+-- the black belt: half-height as a latitude angle, and how far the belt
+-- bulges past the shell so it reads as a band and not a painted stripe
+local BAND_LAT = 0.16
+local BAND_R = 1.045
+
+-- lid hinge: at the BACK of the equator (-Z), opening backward. 2.0 rad is
+-- past upright -- the mouth gapes at the sky, which is the capture pose.
+local HINGE_Z = -0.86           -- as a fraction of R
+local LID_OPEN = 2.0
+
+-- tessellation: enough that the silhouette is round at held-ball size,
+-- cheap enough that six of these would not show on a phone's frame budget
+local LON = 14
+local LAT = 5
+
+-- pose timing
+local LID_RATE = 6.5            -- lid open/close, in lid-fractions per second
+local BURST_RATE = 14           -- the breakout pop is a violent open
+local WOBBLE_T = 0.85           -- one rock, seconds
+local WOBBLE_A = 0.38           -- how far it tips, radians
+local PULSE_T = 0.14            -- the caught click's squash pulse
+local STAR_T = 0.9              -- the caught stars' life
+local GLOW_DECAY = 2.2          -- additive glow, per second
+
+-- ------- palette
+--
+-- One texel per material (columns), one row per ball tier. Alpha stays 1
+-- everywhere: the voxel shader discards below 0.5 (Voxel3D's SHADER), so a
+-- translucent texel is an invisible one.
+local SLOTS = { TOP = 1, BOTTOM = 2, BAND = 3, RING = 4, FACE = 5,
+                INNER = 6, GLOW = 7, STAR = 8 }
+local SLOT_N = 8
+
+local TIERS = { "POKE_BALL", "GREAT_BALL", "ULTRA_BALL", "MASTER_BALL",
+                "SAFARI_BALL" }
+
+local COLORS = {
+  POKE_BALL   = { top = { 0.86, 0.16, 0.16 }, band = { 0.12, 0.12, 0.13 },
+                  bottom = { 0.93, 0.93, 0.95 } },
+  GREAT_BALL  = { top = { 0.25, 0.45, 0.88 }, band = { 0.12, 0.12, 0.13 },
+                  bottom = { 0.93, 0.93, 0.95 } },
+  ULTRA_BALL  = { top = { 0.22, 0.22, 0.26 }, band = { 0.85, 0.70, 0.18 },
+                  bottom = { 0.93, 0.93, 0.95 } },
+  MASTER_BALL = { top = { 0.48, 0.22, 0.66 }, band = { 0.16, 0.13, 0.19 },
+                  bottom = { 0.93, 0.93, 0.95 },
+                  glow = { 1.0, 0.72, 0.92 } },
+  SAFARI_BALL = { top = { 0.47, 0.52, 0.26 }, band = { 0.36, 0.27, 0.16 },
+                  bottom = { 0.90, 0.88, 0.80 } },
+}
+
+local SHARED = {
+  ring  = { 0.28, 0.28, 0.30 },
+  face  = { 0.96, 0.96, 0.97 },
+  inner = { 0.72, 0.70, 0.68 },
+  glow  = { 1.00, 0.92, 0.65 },
+  star  = { 1.00, 0.85, 0.25 },
+}
+
+local function tierRow(ball)
+  for i, id in ipairs(TIERS) do
+    if id == ball then return i end
+  end
+  return 1                       -- an unknown ball is a plain POKE BALL
+end
+
+-- palette texel centres
+local function uvFor(slot, row)
+  return (slot - 0.5) / SLOT_N, (row - 0.5) / #TIERS
+end
+
+local palette = nil
+local function paletteTexture()
+  if palette ~= nil then return palette or nil end
+  local ok, img = pcall(function()
+    local data = love.image.newImageData(SLOT_N, #TIERS)
+    for row, id in ipairs(TIERS) do
+      local c = COLORS[id]
+      local function put(slot, rgb)
+        data:setPixel(slot - 1, row - 1, rgb[1], rgb[2], rgb[3], 1)
+      end
+      put(SLOTS.TOP, c.top)
+      put(SLOTS.BOTTOM, c.bottom)
+      put(SLOTS.BAND, c.band)
+      put(SLOTS.RING, SHARED.ring)
+      put(SLOTS.FACE, SHARED.face)
+      put(SLOTS.INNER, SHARED.inner)
+      put(SLOTS.GLOW, c.glow or SHARED.glow)
+      put(SLOTS.STAR, SHARED.star)
+    end
+    local tex = love.graphics.newImage(data)
+    tex:setFilter("nearest", "nearest")
+    return tex
+  end)
+  palette = ok and img or false
+  return palette or nil
+end
+
+-- ------- shade
+--
+-- StadiumStage's fitted form of Voxel3D.FACE_SHADE: the same southeastern
+-- sun, answered for an arbitrary normal instead of one of six faces.
+local function shadeFor(nx, ny, nz)
+  local s = 0.7725 + nx * 0.06 + ny * 0.225 + nz * 0.11
+  return math.max(0.30, math.min(1.00, s))
+end
+
+-- ------- mesh building
+--
+-- Everything below appends {x,y,z, u,v, shade} rows plus triangle indices.
+-- Quads go through the shared corner order; the discs use a degenerate
+-- fourth vertex, which the rasteriser drops as the zero-area triangle it is.
+local function quad(verts, map, a, b, c, d)
+  local n = #verts
+  verts[n + 1], verts[n + 2], verts[n + 3], verts[n + 4] = a, b, c, d
+  Voxel3D.pushQuad(map, n / 4)
+end
+
+local R = Pokeball.R
+local TAU = math.pi * 2
+
+-- a latitude zone of the sphere between phi0 and phi1 (radians from the
+-- equator, north positive), at radiusK times the shell radius
+local function zone(verts, map, phi0, phi1, rows, slot, row, radiusK)
+  local u, v = uvFor(slot, row)
+  local r = R * (radiusK or 1)
+  for i = 0, rows - 1 do
+    local pa = phi0 + (phi1 - phi0) * (i / rows)
+    local pb = phi0 + (phi1 - phi0) * ((i + 1) / rows)
+    for j = 0, LON - 1 do
+      local ta = TAU * (j / LON)
+      local tb = TAU * ((j + 1) / LON)
+      local function corner(phi, th)
+        local nx = math.cos(phi) * math.sin(th)
+        local ny = math.sin(phi)
+        local nz = math.cos(phi) * math.cos(th)
+        return { nx * r, ny * r, nz * r, u, v, shadeFor(nx, ny, nz) }
+      end
+      quad(verts, map, corner(pa, ta), corner(pa, tb),
+                       corner(pb, tb), corner(pb, ta))
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+-- a disc in a y-plane, sealed with fan quads about the centre
+local function disc(verts, map, y, radius, slot, row, up)
+  local u, v = uvFor(slot, row)
+  local sh = shadeFor(0, up and 1 or -1, 0)
+  local centre = { 0, y, 0, u, v, sh }
+  for j = 0, LON - 1 do
+    local ta = TAU * (j / LON)
+    local tb = TAU * ((j + 1) / LON)
+    local a = { radius * math.sin(ta), y, radius * math.cos(ta), u, v, sh }
+    local b = { radius * math.sin(tb), y, radius * math.cos(tb), u, v, sh }
+    quad(verts, map, centre, a, b, centre)
+  end
+end
+
+-- the button: a ring wall and its face, standing out of the shell along +Z
+local function button(verts, map, row)
+  local BLON = 10
+  local function ringWall(rad, z0, z1, slot)
+    local u, v = uvFor(slot, row)
+    for j = 0, BLON - 1 do
+      local ta = TAU * (j / BLON)
+      local tb = TAU * ((j + 1) / BLON)
+      local function at(th, z)
+        local nx, ny = math.cos(th), math.sin(th)
+        return { rad * nx, rad * ny, z, u, v, shadeFor(nx, ny, 0) }
+      end
+      quad(verts, map, at(ta, z0), at(tb, z0), at(tb, z1), at(ta, z1))
+    end
+  end
+  local function faceDisc(rad, z, slot)
+    local u, v = uvFor(slot, row)
+    local sh = shadeFor(0, 0, 1)
+    local centre = { 0, 0, z, u, v, sh }
+    for j = 0, BLON - 1 do
+      local ta = TAU * (j / BLON)
+      local tb = TAU * ((j + 1) / BLON)
+      local a = { rad * math.cos(ta), rad * math.sin(ta), z, u, v, sh }
+      local b = { rad * math.cos(tb), rad * math.sin(tb), z, u, v, sh }
+      quad(verts, map, centre, a, b, centre)
+    end
+  end
+  -- the wall starts inside the shell so the junction never shows a gap
+  ringWall(0.75, R * 0.90, R + 0.30, SLOTS.RING)
+  faceDisc(0.75, R + 0.30, SLOTS.RING)
+  ringWall(0.45, R + 0.30, R + 0.42, SLOTS.RING)
+  faceDisc(0.45, R + 0.42, SLOTS.FACE)
+end
+
+-- one tier's meshes, memoised: { base = , lid = , spark = }
+--
+-- spark is a shared unit card (x -0.5..0.5, y 0..1, z 0) wearing one texel;
+-- the glow disc, the beam and every star are that card under a matrix.
+local meshes = {}
+local function meshesFor(ball)
+  local row = tierRow(ball)
+  local hit = meshes[row]
+  if hit ~= nil then return hit or nil end
+
+  local ok, built = pcall(function()
+    local bv, bm = {}, {}
+    -- the base: white bowl from the south pole up to the band, its half of
+    -- the band, the interior floor and the button on the front
+    zone(bv, bm, -math.pi / 2, -BAND_LAT, LAT, SLOTS.BOTTOM, row)
+    zone(bv, bm, -BAND_LAT, 0, 1, SLOTS.BAND, row, BAND_R)
+    disc(bv, bm, -0.06, R * 0.97, SLOTS.INNER, row, true)
+    button(bv, bm, row)
+
+    local lv, lm = {}, {}
+    -- the lid: its half of the band up to the coloured dome, and its pale
+    -- underside, which is what shows once the hinge tips it back
+    zone(lv, lm, 0, BAND_LAT, 1, SLOTS.BAND, row, BAND_R)
+    zone(lv, lm, BAND_LAT, math.pi / 2, LAT, SLOTS.TOP, row)
+    disc(lv, lm, 0.06, R * 0.97, SLOTS.INNER, row, false)
+
+    local base = Voxel3D.newMesh(bv, bm)
+    local lid = Voxel3D.newMesh(lv, lm)
+    if not (base and lid) then return nil end
+
+    local function card(slot)
+      local u, v = uvFor(slot, row)
+      local cv, cm = {}, {}
+      quad(cv, cm, { -0.5, 0, 0, u, v, 1 }, { 0.5, 0, 0, u, v, 1 },
+                   { 0.5, 1, 0, u, v, 1 }, { -0.5, 1, 0, u, v, 1 })
+      return Voxel3D.newMesh(cv, cm)
+    end
+    return { base = base, lid = lid,
+             glow = card(SLOTS.GLOW), star = card(SLOTS.STAR) }
+  end)
+  meshes[row] = (ok and built) or false
+  return meshes[row] or nil
+end
+
+-- dropped so a lost GL context (Android resume) rebuilds everything
+function Pokeball.invalidate()
+  meshes = {}
+  palette = nil
+end
+
+-- ------- an instance: one ball with a pose
+--
+-- Loads and runs without graphics; only draw() and cast() want a GPU.
+function Pokeball.new(ball)
+  return setmetatable({
+    ball = ball or "POKE_BALL",
+    pos = { 0, 0, 0 },          -- world pixels, the ball's CENTRE
+    yaw = 0,                    -- which way the button faces
+    scale = 1,
+    spin = 0,                   -- visual spin about the vertical, rad/s
+    tumble = 0,                 -- end-over-end in flight, rad/s
+    roll = 0,                   -- SCREEN-PLANE spin, rad/s: rotation about
+                                -- the axis out of the ball's face, which
+                                -- with the yaw at the camera reads as the
+                                -- ball turning clockwise/counter-clockwise
+                                -- to the viewer -- the curveball wind-up
+    spinAngle = 0, tumbleAngle = 0, rollAngle = 0,
+    lid = 0, lidTarget = 0, lidRate = LID_RATE,
+    wobbleT = nil, wobbleDir = 1,
+    pulse = nil,                -- the caught click's squash
+    glow = 0,
+    stars = nil,                -- caught celebration, or nil
+    visible = true,
+  }, Pokeball)
+end
+
+-- ------- the verbs the capture flow speaks
+
+function Pokeball:open()
+  self.lidTarget, self.lidRate = 1, LID_RATE
+  self.glow = 1
+end
+
+function Pokeball:close()
+  self.lidTarget, self.lidRate = 0, LID_RATE
+end
+
+-- one rock on the ground; dir alternates shakes. Returns how long it takes,
+-- so the caller can sequence the pauses between shakes.
+function Pokeball:rock(dir)
+  self.wobbleT = 0
+  self.wobbleDir = dir or 1
+  return WOBBLE_T
+end
+
+-- the caught click: squash pulse, a soft flash, and the stars
+function Pokeball:catchClick()
+  self.pulse = 0
+  self.glow = 0.6
+  local stars = {}
+  for i = 1, 6 do
+    stars[i] = { t = -0.04 * (i - 1), th = TAU * (i - 1) / 6 + 0.4 }
+  end
+  self.stars = stars
+end
+
+-- the breakout: the lid blown open and a hard flash
+function Pokeball:burst()
+  self.lidTarget, self.lidRate = 1, BURST_RATE
+  self.glow = 1
+end
+
+function Pokeball:busy()
+  return self.wobbleT ~= nil or self.pulse ~= nil
+      or math.abs(self.lid - self.lidTarget) > 0.02
+end
+
+function Pokeball:update(dt)
+  -- lid toward its target, at whatever violence was asked for
+  local d = self.lidTarget - self.lid
+  if d ~= 0 then
+    local step = self.lidRate * dt
+    if math.abs(d) <= step then
+      -- arriving CLOSED from open is the shut click: the squash pulse
+      if self.lid > self.lidTarget then self.pulse = self.pulse or 0 end
+      self.lid = self.lidTarget
+    else
+      self.lid = self.lid + (d > 0 and step or -step)
+    end
+  end
+  if self.wobbleT then
+    self.wobbleT = self.wobbleT + dt
+    if self.wobbleT >= WOBBLE_T then self.wobbleT = nil end
+  end
+  if self.pulse then
+    self.pulse = self.pulse + dt
+    if self.pulse >= PULSE_T then self.pulse = nil end
+  end
+  if self.stars then
+    local live = false
+    for _, s in ipairs(self.stars) do
+      s.t = s.t + dt
+      if s.t < STAR_T then live = true end
+    end
+    if not live then self.stars = nil end
+  end
+  self.glow = math.max(0, self.glow - GLOW_DECAY * dt)
+  self.spinAngle = self.spinAngle + self.spin * dt
+  self.tumbleAngle = self.tumbleAngle + self.tumble * dt
+  self.rollAngle = self.rollAngle + self.roll * dt
+end
+
+-- ------- pose as a matrix
+
+local function smooth(t)
+  if t <= 0 then return 0 end
+  if t >= 1 then return 1 end
+  return t * t * (3 - 2 * t)
+end
+
+function Pokeball:matrix()
+  local m = Mat4.mul(Mat4.translate(self.pos[1], self.pos[2], self.pos[3]),
+                     Mat4.rotateY(self.yaw))
+  if self.wobbleT then
+    -- a decaying rock about the ground contact: tip, cross through centre,
+    -- tip the other way, settle
+    local t = self.wobbleT / WOBBLE_T
+    local a = WOBBLE_A * math.sin(TAU * t) * (1 - t) * self.wobbleDir
+    m = Mat4.mul(m, Mat4.mul(Mat4.translate(0, -R * self.scale, 0),
+                 Mat4.mul(Mat4.rotateZ(a),
+                          Mat4.translate(0, R * self.scale, 0))))
+  end
+  if self.spinAngle ~= 0 then m = Mat4.mul(m, Mat4.rotateY(self.spinAngle)) end
+  if self.tumbleAngle ~= 0 then
+    m = Mat4.mul(m, Mat4.rotateX(self.tumbleAngle))
+  end
+  -- the roll turns about the ball's own face axis, so with the yaw aimed
+  -- at the camera it reads as clockwise/counter-clockwise on screen
+  if self.rollAngle ~= 0 then
+    m = Mat4.mul(m, Mat4.rotateZ(self.rollAngle))
+  end
+  local k = self.scale
+  if self.pulse then
+    -- the click: a quick squash and back, more felt than seen
+    local p = math.sin((self.pulse / PULSE_T) * math.pi) * 0.14
+    m = Mat4.mul(m, Mat4.scale(k * (1 + p), k * (1 - p), k * (1 + p)))
+  elseif k ~= 1 then
+    m = Mat4.mul(m, Mat4.scale(k, k, k))
+  end
+  return m
+end
+
+-- the hinge: the lid's own extra transform about the back of the equator
+local function lidMatrix(open)
+  if open <= 0 then return nil end
+  local a = -LID_OPEN * smooth(open)
+  local hz = HINGE_Z * R
+  return Mat4.mul(Mat4.translate(0, 0, hz),
+         Mat4.mul(Mat4.rotateX(a), Mat4.translate(0, 0, -hz)))
+end
+
+-- where the open mouth is, for aiming the capture beam
+function Pokeball:mouth()
+  return self.pos[1], self.pos[2] + R * 0.4 * self.scale, self.pos[3]
+end
+
+-- ------- drawing
+--
+-- Assumes a live Voxel3D scene (between beginScene and endScene), exactly
+-- like Stadium.draw. Seams and glass are off for the duration: the ball is
+-- not on the voxel grid and does not wear the tileset atlas.
+local function eyeYaw(x, z)
+  local eye = Voxel3D.eye
+  if not eye then return 0 end
+  return math.atan2(eye[1] - x, eye[3] - z)
+end
+
+function Pokeball:draw(pull)
+  if not self.visible then return end
+  local m = meshesFor(self.ball)
+  local pal = paletteTexture()
+  if not (m and pal) then return end
+  Voxel3D.seams(false)
+  Voxel3D.glass(false)
+  local model = self:matrix()
+  Voxel3D.draw(m.base, pal, model, pull)
+  local lidM = lidMatrix(self.lid)
+  Voxel3D.draw(m.lid, pal, lidM and Mat4.mul(model, lidM) or model, pull)
+
+  -- the additive dressing: the open-mouth glow and the caught stars.
+  -- Depth writes are off under "add" (Voxel3D.blend), so these can never
+  -- punch holes for later draws.
+  local anythingAdd = (self.glow > 0.05 and self.lid > 0.1) or self.stars
+  if anythingAdd then
+    Voxel3D.blend("add")
+    if self.glow > 0.05 and self.lid > 0.1 then
+      -- a pulsing octahedron of light standing in the mouth: two crossed
+      -- cards read from every seat in the house
+      local gx, gy, gz = self:mouth()
+      local s = R * (1.1 + 0.25 * self.glow) * self.scale
+      for i = 0, 1 do
+        local card = Mat4.mul(Mat4.translate(gx, gy, gz),
+                     Mat4.mul(Mat4.rotateY(eyeYaw(gx, gz) + i * math.pi / 2),
+                              Mat4.scale(s, s, 1)))
+        Voxel3D.draw(m.glow, pal, card, pull)
+      end
+    end
+    if self.stars then
+      for _, s in ipairs(self.stars) do
+        if s.t > 0 and s.t < STAR_T then
+          local t = s.t / STAR_T
+          local rr = (R + 4.5 * t) * self.scale
+          local sx = self.pos[1] + math.sin(s.th) * rr
+          local sz = self.pos[3] + math.cos(s.th) * rr
+          local sy = self.pos[2] + (R + 7 * t - 5 * t * t) * self.scale
+          local sc = 1.1 * (1 - t)
+          local card = Mat4.mul(Mat4.translate(sx, sy, sz),
+                       Mat4.mul(Mat4.rotateY(eyeYaw(sx, sz)),
+                       Mat4.mul(Mat4.rotateZ(TAU * t * 0.5),
+                                Mat4.scale(sc, sc, 1))))
+          Voxel3D.draw(m.star, pal, card, pull)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    Voxel3D.blend(nil)
+  end
+  Voxel3D.glass(true)
+  Voxel3D.seams(true)
+end
+
+-- the capture beam: a crossed pair of additive cards stretched from the
+-- ball's mouth to the mon it is drinking in. Separate from draw() because
+-- the caller owns the far end and the fade.
+function Pokeball:drawBeam(tx, ty, tz, width, strength, pull)
+  if not self.visible then return end
+  local m = meshesFor(self.ball)
+  local pal = paletteTexture()
+  if not (m and pal) then return end
+  local x, y, z = self:mouth()
+  local dx, dy, dz = tx - x, ty - y, tz - z
+  local len = math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz)
+  if len < 0.5 then return end
+  dx, dy, dz = dx / len, dy / len, dz / len
+  -- two perpendiculars to the beam axis
+  local ux, uy, uz
+  if math.abs(dy) < 0.94 then
+    ux, uy, uz = -dz, 0, dx                 -- cross(d, worldUp), unnormalised
+    local l = math.sqrt(ux * ux + uz * uz)
+    ux, uz = ux / l, uz / l
+  else
+    ux, uy, uz = 1, 0, 0
+  end
+  local vx = dy * uz - dz * uy
+  local vy = dz * ux - dx * uz
+  local vz = dx * uy - dy * ux
+  local w = (width or R) * (strength or 1)
+  Voxel3D.seams(false)
+  Voxel3D.glass(false)
+  Voxel3D.blend("add")
+  -- the unit card is x -0.5..0.5, y 0..1: columns map its x to a
+  -- perpendicular and its y to the full run of the axis
+  local a = { ux * w, dx * len, vx, x,
+              uy * w, dy * len, vy, y,
+              uz * w, dz * len, vz, z,
+              0, 0, 0, 1 }
+  local b = { vx * w, dx * len, ux, x,
+              vy * w, dy * len, uy, y,
+              vz * w, dz * len, uz, z,
+              0, 0, 0, 1 }
+  Voxel3D.draw(m.glow, pal, a, pull)
+  Voxel3D.draw(m.glow, pal, b, pull)
+  Voxel3D.blend(nil)
+  Voxel3D.glass(true)
+  Voxel3D.seams(true)
+end
+
+-- ------- the sun's view
+--
+-- The same two shells under the same matrix, so the shadow on the ground is
+-- the pose the camera sees. The caller folds a term into the shadow
+-- signature while a ball is live (the sun pass is cached -- see
+-- BattleScene.shadowSignature) or this freezes on its first frame.
+function Pokeball:cast(shadowMap)
+  if not self.visible then return end
+  local m = meshesFor(self.ball)
+  local pal = paletteTexture()
+  if not (m and pal) then return end
+  local model = self:matrix()
+  shadowMap.draw(m.base, pal, model)
+  local lidM = lidMatrix(self.lid)
+  shadowMap.draw(m.lid, pal, lidM and Mat4.mul(model, lidM) or model)
+end
+
+-- a term for the arena's cached shadow signature: quantised, so the cache
+-- only re-renders when the ball has visibly moved
+function Pokeball:signature()
+  if not self.visible then return "" end
+  return table.concat({ math.floor(self.pos[1] * 4), math.floor(self.pos[2] * 4),
+                        math.floor(self.pos[3] * 4), math.floor(self.lid * 8),
+                        self.wobbleT and math.floor(self.wobbleT * 30) or -1 },
+                      ",")
+end
+
+return Pokeball

lib/Stadium.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,775 @@
+-- STADIUM battles: the two Pokemon as real 3D models.
+--
+-- The 3D-BTL row's two STADIUM rungs. OFF is the engine's own white battle
+-- field; the 2D-3D rungs stand the GB's own pics up as quads
+-- (BattleBillboard); STADIUM replaces those quads with the Pokemon Stadium
+-- battle models -- skinned, animated, and playing the animation the move
+-- being used actually calls for. A or B decides whether that happens on the
+-- map or on two discs, and is the same choice on either pair of rungs.
+--
+-- The models come out of the Stadium ROM through model_extract, and are
+-- packed into assets/stadium/NNN.dsm by tools/stadium_pack.py. Nothing here
+-- knows about the ROM; the pack is the interface.
+--
+-- ------- what this file is, and is not
+--
+-- It is the MODE: which species is out on each side, which animation the
+-- fight is asking each of them for, whether the model or the flat pic is
+-- standing in this frame, and the two draw calls. The arithmetic is
+-- StadiumRig's, the file format is StadiumPack's, and one side's own state
+-- is StadiumMon's.
+--
+-- It is not a rewrite of the staged battle. The arena is picked the same
+-- way, the camera is solved the same way, the HUDs and the text box and the
+-- move animations and the depth of field are all exactly what 2D-3D draws
+-- -- because all of those are hung off the arena's CELLS, not off the
+-- pics. Swapping what stands on a cell changes nothing about where the cell
+-- projects to. That is why this is an option on the mode rather than a
+-- second mode.
+--
+-- ------- declining, per Pokemon
+--
+-- Every gate here is per SIDE and per FRAME, not per battle:
+--
+--   no pack for that species, or its meshes would not build -> that side
+--   falls back to its flat pic, and the other side keeps its model
+--
+--   the side is showing a TRAINER (the foe's class before the send-out,
+--   the player's own back before "Go!") -> that is not a Pokemon and there
+--   is no model for it; the pic stands, exactly as in 2D-3D
+--
+--   a SUBSTITUTE is up -> the engine replaces the pic with the mini doll,
+--   which is the thing the player is being told is there. A model of the
+--   Pokemon behind the doll would be a lie about the battle state.
+--
+-- So `covers` is asked per side per frame, and OverworldBattle renders a
+-- billboard texture for exactly the sides it answers false for.
+
+-- the mod namespace (see main.lua): V.require loads a sibling module
+local V = ...
+
+local Voxel3D = V.require("Voxel3D")
+local StadiumPack = V.require("StadiumPack")
+local StadiumMon = V.require("StadiumMon")
+
+local Stadium = {}
+
+-- The stored values of the two 3D-BTL rungs that select this mode. Strings
+-- rather than further booleans so an older save's `true` still means the
+-- 2D-3D it was written for (see OverworldBattle.setting).
+--
+--   A  the models on the MAP -- real ground, the map's own light and sky
+--   B  the models on two DISCS against the sky, with no map at all
+--
+-- Everything below is shared: which species is out, which animation the
+-- fight is asking for, the skinning, the draw. The difference is entirely
+-- in what the camera is pointed at, which is BattleScene's business and
+-- StadiumStage's.
+Stadium.VALUE = "stadium"
+Stadium.VALUE_B = "stadiumB"
+
+-- ------- the live pair
+
+local session = nil     -- nil when no staged fight is running
+
+local function game()
+  return require("src.core.Game")
+end
+
+-- Whether the row is on this rung. Deliberately NOT gated on whether the
+-- packs are installed: a mod folder without assets/stadium still cycles the
+-- row, and each Pokemon declines on its own when its pack does not load --
+-- which is one message on the console rather than a row that silently
+-- refuses to move.
+function Stadium.selected()
+  return Stadium.mode() ~= nil
+end
+
+-- "A", "B", or nil when the row is on neither stadium rung.
+function Stadium.mode()
+  local OverworldBattle = V.require("OverworldBattle")
+  local value = OverworldBattle.setting:get()
+  if value == Stadium.VALUE then return "A" end
+  if value == Stadium.VALUE_B then return "B" end
+  return nil
+end
+
+-- Whether the fight is staged on the DISCS rather than on the map.
+--
+-- Not this file's question any more: the flat 2D-3D B rung stands the game's
+-- own pics on the same two discs with no model anywhere in the frame, so the
+-- stage and the actors are chosen separately (see OverworldBattle's ladder).
+-- Kept as a forwarder because "are we on discs" is a fair thing to ask the
+-- module named after the mode, and because the shot drivers ask it here.
+function Stadium.discs()
+  return V.require("OverworldBattle").discs()
+end
+
+function Stadium.enabled()
+  if not Stadium.selected() then return false end
+  return Voxel3D.available()
+end
+
+-- A staged fight has begun on `arena`. Called from OverworldBattle.begin,
+-- which is the one place that knows a fight is being staged at all.
+function Stadium.begin(arena)
+  Stadium.finish()
+  if not Stadium.enabled() then return false end
+  -- a new fight gets its own first complaint: `reported` is a one-shot so the
+  -- console is not filled sixty times a second, but latched for the whole
+  -- process it would swallow every failure after the first one ever
+  Stadium.reported = false
+  session = {
+    arena = arena,
+    groundY = 0,
+    player = StadiumMon.new("player"),
+    enemy = StadiumMon.new("enemy"),
+    -- what each side has been TRANSFORMED into, if anything (see install)
+    transform = {},
+    -- sides that are going to collapse, but whose HP bar has not finished
+    -- emptying yet (see faintReady)
+    faintPending = {},
+    -- who was standing in each slot last frame, so a replacement is noticed
+    -- even when it is the same species (see update)
+    at = {},
+  }
+  return true
+end
+
+function Stadium.finish()
+  if not session then return end
+  session.player:release()
+  session.enemy:release()
+  session = nil
+end
+
+function Stadium.active()
+  return session ~= nil
+end
+
+-- ------- which species each side is showing
+
+-- The National Dex number for a battler, which is the number the Stadium
+-- packs are keyed by. The engine's species are string keys ("PIKACHU") and
+-- carry their dex number on the definition, so this is one lookup rather
+-- than a table of its own.
+local function dexOf(species)
+  if not species then return nil end
+  local data = game() and game().data
+  local def = data and data.pokemon and data.pokemon[species]
+  return def and def.dex or nil
+end
+
+-- Whether this side is showing a TRAINER rather than a Pokemon.
+local function showingTrainer(battle, side)
+  if side == "enemy" then
+    return (battle.showEnemyTrainer and battle.trainerPic) and true or false
+  end
+  return (battle.showPlayerBack and battle.playerBackPic) and true or false
+end
+
+-- Whether this side has anything on the field at all this frame.
+--
+-- Mirrors BattleState's own guards, the same way OverworldBattle.sideVisible
+-- mirrors them for the flat cards: there is no seam that reports "the foe is
+-- off screen right now", and a model left standing through a send-out or a
+-- damage blink would be the one thing in the frame that ignored the battle.
+-- ------- and the collapse gets to finish
+--
+-- A fainted Pokemon leaves the field when its pic does, which is the end of
+-- the engine's slide -- SlideDownFaintedMonPic, seven rows two frames apart,
+-- FOURTEEN frames of a 60 Hz clock. Under a quarter of a second.
+--
+-- The Stadium faint animations are nothing like that short. The briefest in
+-- the set is 49 frames of a 30 Hz clock -- a second and two thirds -- the
+-- median is 110 and the longest 230, which is nearly eight seconds. Held to
+-- the pic's window every one of them was cut off inside its first fifth: the
+-- Pokemon began to fall and vanished mid-fall, which is worse than not
+-- animating at all, because the eye has been told something is happening and
+-- then had it taken away.
+--
+-- So a model that is COLLAPSING stays until it has finished collapsing, and
+-- the two timings stop being tied to each other. That is the whole of the
+-- divergence: the slide is how long a flat pic takes to slide off the bottom
+-- of a 160x144 frame, and it has nothing to say about how long it takes a
+-- Gyarados to fall over.
+--
+-- Bounded at both ends rather than open-ended. It ends when the animation
+-- does (StadiumMon.finished), not when the battle moves on -- so nothing is
+-- left lying on the field for the rest of the fight -- and the side is reset
+-- outright the moment a different battler stands in that slot (see update),
+-- which is what stops the next Pokemon out of the ball arriving face down.
+local function onField(battle, side, mon)
+  local battler = side == "player" and battle.player or battle.enemy
+  if not (battler and battler.sprite) then return false end
+  -- A model that is GROWING out of its ball is on the field by definition --
+  -- that is what the grow is -- even though the engine still calls the side
+  -- "sending out", because the flat pic it wrote that flag for does not
+  -- appear until the ball has finished opening and this one comes out with
+  -- it (see StadiumMon.GROW_TIME).
+  local growing = (mon and mon.grow) and true or false
+  if side == "enemy" then
+    if battle.enemyHidden then return false end
+    if battle.enemySendingOut and not growing then return false end
+  else
+    if battle.safari or battle.demo then return false end
+    if battle.sendingOut and not growing then return false end
+    -- ------- and not before the battle has even opened
+    --
+    -- The player's Pokemon is not out during the INTRO. Every other guard
+    -- here is a field the engine sets once the battle is running, and during
+    -- the opening none of them is set yet: `showPlayerBack` is still nil
+    -- (BattleState assigns it further in, when the back pic is built),
+    -- `playerBackPic` is nil with it, and `sendingOut` does not go true until
+    -- the ball is actually thrown. So the whole opening read as "this
+    -- Pokemon is standing on the field" and the model was drawn through it --
+    -- two and a half seconds of it, on its tile, playing its standby loop,
+    -- before the trainer sprite it is supposed to be hiding behind had even
+    -- appeared. It then vanished when that sprite arrived and came back with
+    -- its entrance when the ball opened, so the first Pokemon of a battle
+    -- appeared, left and arrived again.
+    --
+    -- A SWITCH has no intro, which is why a switch always looked right and
+    -- was the thing worth comparing against.
+    --
+    -- Gated on the PHASE rather than on a flag latched at the send-out: a
+    -- latch that never fires (a link battle, a script pushing a battle
+    -- straight to the menu) would hide the Pokemon for good, and being wrong
+    -- in that direction is far worse than the two seconds this fixes.
+    if battle.phase == "intro" then return false end
+  end
+  local ok, hidden = pcall(battle.fxHidden, battle, battler)
+  if ok and hidden then return false end
+  -- ------- FLY and DIG: the Pokemon that is not there
+  --
+  -- `fxHidden` above is the damage BLINK and nothing else. The other way a
+  -- Pokemon leaves the screen -- the important one -- is the engine's
+  -- per-battler pic program, `picFx`, and that is where the two-turn moves
+  -- live: FLY runs SE_SLIDE_MON_OFF and DIG SE_SLIDE_MON_DOWN on the charge
+  -- turn, each a 19-24 frame slide that ENDS by setting `hidden`, and the
+  -- release turn puts the pic back through SE_SLIDE_MON_UP /
+  -- SE_SHOW_MON_PIC. Every other vanishing act is the same field: the user
+  -- of Explosion, a Pokemon that has been Teleported away.
+  --
+  -- Without this the model simply stood on its tile while the game said it
+  -- was underground -- and said it in the strongest way it has, by making
+  -- every attack aimed at it miss. That is the one thing in the frame
+  -- contradicting the battle it is part of.
+  --
+  -- Read as the engine's own answer rather than as a list of moves: this
+  -- mode's whole method is to let the battle decide and follow it, and a
+  -- table of move ids here would be a second place for the same facts to
+  -- live and would go stale against a mod that adds a third one.
+  --
+  -- The engine's slide is 19-24 frames, so the model plays the opening of
+  -- its own FLY or DIG animation while the pic slides and is gone when the
+  -- pic is. It is NOT held to the end of that animation the way a collapse
+  -- is (see below), and the difference is not an oversight: the Stadium
+  -- animations are authored as the WHOLE move -- Charizard's DIG is 3.83
+  -- seconds of burrow, emerge and hit -- because Stadium plays it in one
+  -- turn. Gen 1 splits it across two, so cutting at the engine's own hide
+  -- shows the burrowing and holds the strike back for the turn it lands on,
+  -- which is the right half of the animation for the turn being played.
+  local pf = battle.picFx and battle.picFx[battler]
+  if pf and pf.hidden then return false end
+  if battler.fainted then
+    local okF, sliding = pcall(battle.fxFaintActive, battle, battler)
+    if okF and sliding then return true end
+    -- the pic has finished sliding away; the model has not finished falling
+    return (mon and mon.state == "faint" and not mon:finished()) and true
+           or false
+  end
+  return true
+end
+
+Stadium._onField = onField
+
+-- Whether the 3D model is standing in for this side's pic this frame. The
+-- one question OverworldBattle asks, and the answer that decides whether a
+-- billboard texture gets rendered for that side at all.
+function Stadium.covers(battle, side)
+  if not (session and battle) then return false end
+  local mon = session[side]
+  if not (mon and mon.rig) then return false end
+  if showingTrainer(battle, side) then return false end
+  local battler = side == "player" and battle.player or battle.enemy
+  -- the substitute doll is what the player is being shown is out there
+  if battler and battler.substituteHP then return false end
+  return true
+end
+
+-- ------- the collapse waits for the bar
+--
+-- `onFaint` runs the instant HP reaches zero, which is NOT when a Pokemon
+-- falls over. The engine queues the collapse -- the slide, the cry, the
+-- "fainted!" line -- to run after the move animation and the HP-bar drain
+-- (BattleState.onFaint's own comment), and the drain takes real frames: a
+-- 150 HP mon's bar walks down over some four seconds.
+--
+-- So asking for the faint animation at `onFaint` played it against a bar
+-- that was still emptying: the Pokemon lay down, and then its health went on
+-- draining above the corpse. What the player reads as the moment of death is
+-- the bar hitting zero, and that is what this waits for.
+--
+-- `shownHP` is the engine's own bar position (BattleState.stepHPDrain walks
+-- it toward mon.hp a point at a time), so this is not a guess at the timing
+-- -- it is the same number the bar is drawn from.
+local function faintReady(battler)
+  if not battler then return false end
+  -- nothing is animating the bar for this battler: there is nothing to wait
+  -- for, and waiting forever would mean never collapsing at all
+  if battler.shownHP == nil then return true end
+  return battler.shownHP <= 0
+end
+
+-- Whether a pending collapse is still owed. A switch, a revive or a battler
+-- that was replaced under us drops it rather than firing late at whoever is
+-- standing there now.
+local function faintStillDue(battler)
+  return (battler and battler.faintQueued
+          and battler.mon and (battler.mon.hp or 0) <= 0) and true or false
+end
+
+-- named for the suite: these timing rules are the whole of what decides when
+-- a Pokemon falls and when it goes, and they are testable without a graphics
+-- context where the mode itself is not
+Stadium._faintReady = faintReady
+Stadium._faintStillDue = faintStillDue
+
+-- ------- per frame
+--
+-- Runs from OverworldBattle.update, before the pics are rendered and before
+-- the scene is drawn: what this decides is exactly which sides need a pic.
+function Stadium.update(dt, battle, groundY)
+  if not session then return end
+  session.groundY = groundY or session.groundY or 0
+  if not battle then return end
+
+  local arena = session.arena
+  for _, side in ipairs({ "enemy", "player" }) do
+    local mon = session[side]
+    local battler = side == "player" and battle.player or battle.enemy
+    local dex = nil
+    if battler and not showingTrainer(battle, side) then
+      dex = session.transform[side] or dexOf(battler.mon and battler.mon.species)
+    end
+
+    -- A DIFFERENT POKEMON IS IN THIS SLOT. Normally that shows up as a
+    -- change of species and setSpecies rebuilds everything -- but a trainer
+    -- who leads with two Rattata sends the second one out onto the first
+    -- one's dex number, so nothing downstream would notice. What it would
+    -- inherit is the state, and the state after a faint is `faint`, which
+    -- refuses every request there is (see StadiumMon.request -- a faint is
+    -- meant to be final). The new Pokemon would arrive lying on the ground.
+    --
+    -- The battler TABLE is the identity here rather than the species or the
+    -- mon: it is the slot's occupant, and the engine replaces it on a switch,
+    -- a send-out and a new battle alike.
+    if session.at[side] ~= battler then
+      session.at[side] = battler
+      -- a fresh arrival: this Pokemon has not grown out of its ball yet
+      if mon then mon.grow, mon.grewOwn = nil, nil end
+      if mon and mon.rig and mon.state == "faint" then mon:play("idle") end
+    end
+    -- the collapse this side is owed, once its bar has finished emptying
+    if session.faintPending and session.faintPending[side] then
+      if not faintStillDue(battler) then
+        session.faintPending[side] = nil
+      elseif faintReady(battler) then
+        session.faintPending[side] = nil
+        if mon and mon.rig then mon:request("faint") end
+      end
+    end
+
+    mon:setSpecies(dex)
+    -- and tell the pack cache this one is standing there, every frame. Its
+    -- eviction order is keyed on LOADS, and a side only loads when its
+    -- species changes -- so without this a Pokemon that has been out for a
+    -- few turns is the least recently loaded thing in the cache and gets its
+    -- textures released out from under it the moment a fifth species enters
+    -- the battle (see StadiumPack.keep).
+    if mon.species then StadiumPack.keep(mon.species) end
+    mon.visible = (mon.rig ~= nil) and onField(battle, side, mon)
+                  and not (battler and battler.substituteHP)
+    -- LET'S GO capture mode: the player's model is out of the shot the
+    -- same way its card and back pic are (the shrink half of the story is
+    -- below, AFTER the grow block, which reassigns mon.scale every frame)
+    local cap = V.require("BattleScene").capture
+    if side == "player" and cap and cap.hidePlayer then
+      mon.visible = false
+    end
+    -- cleared up front, so a side that has just lost its rig cannot leave
+    -- last frame's matrix behind it
+    mon.model_matrix = nil
+
+    if mon.rig then
+      -- ------- the ball is opening: start growing out of it
+      --
+      -- The POOF is the ball coming apart, and it is where a Pokemon should
+      -- begin to exist -- not 27 frames later when the engine starts scaling
+      -- up the flat pic it was written for. Only for a side the battle says
+      -- is actually sending out, so the same animation played at a thrown
+      -- Poke Ball (a capture attempt, which aims it at the FOE) cannot start
+      -- the wrong Pokemon growing.
+      local poof = (battle.animPlaying
+                    and battle.animName == "POOF_ANIM") and true or false
+      local sending = (side == "player") and battle.sendingOut
+                      or battle.enemySendingOut
+      if poof and sending and mon:beginGrow() then
+        -- and the arrival animation with it, so the whole thing is one
+        -- performance rather than a grow followed by a flourish
+        mon:request("entrance")
+      end
+
+      -- how big it is drawn. Its own ramp while it is growing (see
+      -- StadiumMon.growScale); the engine's three-step one otherwise, which
+      -- still covers a send-out that never showed a poof.
+      if mon.grow then
+        mon.scale = mon:growScale()
+      elseif mon.grewOwn then
+        mon.scale = 1
+      else
+        local okG, grow = pcall(battle.growInScale, battle, battler)
+        mon.scale = (okG and grow) or 1
+      end
+      -- LET'S GO capture: the foe drinking into the ball. AFTER the grow
+      -- block on purpose -- that block reassigns mon.scale every frame,
+      -- and the first cut of this hook sat above it and was silently
+      -- clobbered: the model stood at full size over a ball that had
+      -- supposedly swallowed it. The session's fraction owns the scale
+      -- for as long as it exists; the frame it clears, the grow block
+      -- above is already putting the engine's own answer back.
+      if side == "enemy" and cap and cap.shrink then
+        mon.scale = cap.shrink
+      end
+      mon:update(dt or 0)
+      if mon.visible and arena then
+        local cell = arena[side]
+        local other = arena[side == "player" and "enemy" or "player"]
+        if cell and other then
+          -- posed and skinned inside the same guard the draws use: this is
+          -- where a bad track or a released texture is first touched, and a
+          -- throw here would take the OTHER side's update with it (the
+          -- caller wraps this whole function in one pcall)
+          Stadium.guard(side, mon, "build", function()
+            mon.model_matrix = mon:matrix(cell[1], session.groundY, cell[2],
+                                          other[1] - cell[1],
+                                          other[2] - cell[2])
+            mon:build()
+          end)
+        else
+          mon.model_matrix = nil
+        end
+      else
+        mon.model_matrix = nil
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  Stadium.debug(dt)
+end
+
+-- ------- the draws
+--
+-- Both take the pass as they find it: this is called from inside
+-- BattleScene's own beginScene/endScene window (and, in a headset, from
+-- VoxelScene's), so the camera, the shadow map, the hour's tint and the hit
+-- flash are all already set. StadiumRig turns the wireframe and the glass
+-- mask off around its own draws and puts them back.
+
+-- ------- one model going wrong is not both
+--
+-- These two draws used to be a bare loop inside the caller's single pcall,
+-- which had two consequences and both were bad. A throw on the FIRST side
+-- skipped the second, so one broken Pokemon took its opponent off the screen
+-- with it. And nothing recorded that it had happened, so the same throw came
+-- back every frame for the rest of the fight -- the mode's own fallback (that
+-- side draws its flat pic instead) was sitting right there and never reached,
+-- because falling back needs somebody to decide the model is not working.
+--
+-- So each side is drawn inside its own pcall, and a side that throws is
+-- RETIRED: its rig is released, which is exactly the state a species with no
+-- pack is in, and OverworldBattle renders a billboard for it from the next
+-- frame on. The fight carries on with a flat Pokemon instead of a missing
+-- one, which is the difference the player actually sees.
+-- On the TABLE rather than a local, because Stadium.update calls it and sits
+-- above this line: a local would still be nil there.
+function Stadium.guard(side, mon, what, fn)
+  local ok, err = pcall(fn)
+  if ok then return true end
+  Stadium.report(err)
+  -- release rather than merely hide: the rig holds meshes and texture
+  -- references, and whatever went wrong with them is not going to be better
+  -- next frame. setSpecies rebuilds from scratch if this Pokemon is sent out
+  -- again later.
+  if mon.rig then pcall(mon.release, mon) end
+  mon.rig, mon.visible, mon.model_matrix = nil, false, nil
+  if session then session.broken = session.broken or {} end
+  if session then session.broken[side] = what end
+  return false
+end
+
+-- The foe's body for the capture mode's collision and ring, when a MODEL
+-- is standing there instead of a pic: its own measured height and
+-- footprint, in world pixels. A model stands on the ground, so the body's
+-- centre is half its height up. nil whenever no model covers the foe,
+-- which sends CatchThrow to its pic measurement instead.
+function Stadium.captureBody()
+  if not session then return nil end
+  local mon = session.enemy
+  if not (mon and mon.rig and mon.visible) then return nil end
+  local okH, h = pcall(mon.worldHeight, mon)
+  if not (okH and h and h > 0) then return nil end
+  -- The POSED body, when there is one: a flying Pokemon is nowhere near
+  -- the mark its cell projects to, and only the pose knows where it went
+  -- (StadiumMon:bodySpan). The bind-pose figures stand in until the
+  -- first skin, which is right for everything that keeps its feet down.
+  local okS, centre, half, girth = pcall(mon.bodySpan, mon)
+  if okS and centre then
+    return { r = math.max(5, math.min(16, math.max(girth or 0, half * 0.8))),
+             yOff = centre,
+             hh = math.max(4, half) }
+  end
+  local okR, r = pcall(mon.worldRadius, mon)
+  local rr = (okR and r and r > 0) and r or h * 0.4
+  return { r = math.max(5, math.min(16, math.max(rr, h * 0.5))),
+           yOff = h * 0.5,
+           hh = math.max(4, h * 0.55) }
+end
+
+function Stadium.draw(pull)
+  if not session then return end
+  for _, side in ipairs({ "enemy", "player" }) do
+    local mon = session[side]
+    if mon.rig and mon.visible and mon.model_matrix then
+      Stadium.guard(side, mon, "draw", function()
+        mon.rig:draw(mon.model_matrix, pull)
+      end)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+-- The same models as the SUN sees them, so a Pokemon throws the shadow of
+-- the pose it is actually in -- an outstretched wing puts an outstretched
+-- wing on the ground.
+function Stadium.cast(shadowMap)
+  if not session then return end
+  for _, side in ipairs({ "enemy", "player" }) do
+    local mon = session[side]
+    if mon.rig and mon.visible and mon.model_matrix then
+      Stadium.guard(side, mon, "cast", function()
+        mon.rig:caster(shadowMap, mon.model_matrix)
+      end)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+-- Which state a side's model is playing, or nil. Named for the shot drivers:
+-- checking that an animation starts on the right FRAME is an ordering
+-- question, and a screenshot cannot answer one.
+function Stadium.animOf(side)
+  if not session then return nil end
+  local mon = session[side]
+  return mon and mon.state or nil
+end
+
+-- Whether this side's model is actually being drawn this frame. Named for
+-- the shot drivers alongside animOf: "how long does it stay" is a span, and
+-- a screenshot taken at one moment has no span in it.
+function Stadium.showing(side)
+  if not session then return false end
+  local mon = session[side]
+  return (mon and mon.visible) and true or false
+end
+
+-- How big this side's model is being drawn this frame, 0..1 -- the send-out
+-- grow. Named for the shot drivers: a ramp is a curve over time and a
+-- screenshot has one point of it.
+function Stadium.scaleOf(side)
+  if not session then return nil end
+  local mon = session[side]
+  return mon and mon.scale or nil
+end
+
+-- How wide the Pokemon on `side` stands, in world pixels, or nil when there
+-- is not one. What STADIUM B sizes that side's platform to (StadiumStage).
+function Stadium.footprint(side)
+  if not session then return nil end
+  local mon = session[side]
+  if not (mon and mon.model) then return nil end
+  local r = mon:worldRadius()
+  return (r > 0) and r or nil
+end
+
+-- Whether anything at all is standing this frame -- what the shadow
+-- signature keys on alongside the pics' own token.
+function Stadium.standing()
+  if not session then return false end
+  return (session.player.visible or session.enemy.visible) and true or false
+end
+
+-- ------- what the fight asks for
+--
+-- The animation state machine is driven from four points in the engine's
+-- own battle, and each is a wrap rather than a rewrite: the inner function
+-- runs exactly as it always did and this reads what went past.
+
+local function sideOf(battle, battler)
+  if not (session and battler) then return nil end
+  if battler == battle.player then return "player" end
+  if battler == battle.enemy then return "enemy" end
+  return nil
+end
+
+local function ask(battle, battler, state, animIndex, auxIndex)
+  local side = sideOf(battle, battler)
+  if not side then return end
+  local mon = session[side]
+  if mon and mon.rig then mon:request(state, animIndex, auxIndex) end
+end
+
+function Stadium.install()
+  local BattleState = require("src.battle.BattleState")
+  if BattleState.dramaticShapeStadiumHook then return end
+  BattleState.dramaticShapeStadiumHook = true
+
+  -- THE ATTACK. performMove is the one place a move is actually used, and
+  -- the move's own `index` is the Gen 1 move id the Stadium tables are
+  -- keyed by -- so the species' own animation for that move comes straight
+  -- out of the pack, with no name mapping and no per-move code.
+  local innerMove = BattleState.performMove
+  function BattleState:performMove(user, target, moveInst, isCalled)
+    if session then
+      local side = sideOf(self, user)
+      local mon = side and session[side]
+      if mon and mon.rig then
+        local okDef, def = pcall(self.moveDef, self, moveInst)
+        local index = okDef and def and def.index or nil
+        if not (index and mon:attack(index)) then
+          -- a move the table has nothing for still swings: the generic
+          -- attack is what the species' own reaction slot resolves to
+          mon:request("attack")
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    return innerMove(self, user, target, moveInst, isCalled)
+  end
+
+  -- THE HIT is deliberately NOT hooked. There is no damage reaction in this
+  -- set to play -- what looked like one is the species' default attack (see
+  -- StadiumMon's STATES), which is why being hit used to look like swinging.
+  -- The engine's own flash, pic blink and bar drain are what say "that hurt",
+  -- and they are already in the frame.
+
+  -- THE FAINT. Held on its last frame rather than looped (see StadiumMon's
+  -- STATES), because a Pokemon that collapses and then stands back up
+  -- while the message is still on screen is worse than no animation.
+  --
+  -- RECORDED HERE, PLAYED LATER. This runs the moment HP reaches zero, which
+  -- is several seconds before the Pokemon is supposed to fall over -- the
+  -- engine queues the collapse behind the move animation and the HP-bar
+  -- drain. Marking the side and letting Stadium.update fire it when the bar
+  -- empties is what keeps the two together (see faintReady).
+  local innerFaint = BattleState.onFaint
+  function BattleState:onFaint(battler)
+    if session and not (battler and battler.faintQueued) then
+      local side = sideOf(self, battler)
+      if side and session.faintPending then
+        session.faintPending[side] = true
+      end
+    end
+    return innerFaint(self, battler)
+  end
+
+  -- THE ENTRANCE. startGrowIn is the send-out: the ball opens, the pic
+  -- scales up over twelve frames, and the model plays the animation the
+  -- battle system's own entrance slot names.
+  local innerGrow = BattleState.startGrowIn
+  function BattleState:startGrowIn(battler)
+    if session then
+      -- unless the model is already on its way out of the ball, in which
+      -- case the entrance started with the POOF (see update) and asking
+      -- again here would restart it a third of a second in
+      local side = sideOf(self, battler)
+      local mon = side and session[side]
+      if not (mon and mon.grow) then ask(self, battler, "entrance") end
+    end
+    return innerGrow(self, battler)
+  end
+
+  -- TRANSFORM. The engine records a transform by swapping the battler's
+  -- sprite and nothing else, so this is the only seam that reports one --
+  -- and it reports the side, which is all that is needed to point that
+  -- side's model at the copied species. Cleared when a side's own species
+  -- changes under it (a switch, or the next battle).
+  local innerSpecies = BattleState.speciesSprite
+  function BattleState:speciesSprite(species, isPlayerSide)
+    if session then
+      session.transform[isPlayerSide and "player" or "enemy"] = dexOf(species)
+    end
+    return innerSpecies(self, species, isPlayerSide)
+  end
+
+  -- and a switch or a send-out ends any transform on that side
+  local innerSwitch = BattleState.resolveSwitch
+  function BattleState:resolveSwitch(newMon)
+    if session then session.transform.player = nil end
+    return innerSwitch(self, newMon)
+  end
+end
+
+-- ------- when a draw goes wrong
+--
+-- The draw and the shadow cast are both called through a pcall, because a
+-- throw inside the scene pass would hand the whole voxel mode to Pipelines'
+-- guard and retire it for the session. Swallowed silently, though, a broken
+-- model is indistinguishable from an invisible one -- so the first failure
+-- of a battle says so, once, and the rest of the fight carries on without
+-- it.
+Stadium.reported = false
+
+function Stadium.report(err)
+  if Stadium.reported then return end
+  Stadium.reported = true
+  V.mod.log:warn("stadium: a model failed and was retired for this battle: "
+                 .. "%s -- that Pokemon falls back to its flat battle pic, "
+                 .. "and its opponent is unaffected", tostring(err))
+end
+
+-- DS_STADIUM_DEBUG=1 prints what each side resolved to once a second, which
+-- is how "nothing is on screen" gets told apart from "nothing was asked
+-- for". Read through pcall: the loader's sandbox does not hand a mod `os`,
+-- and a diagnostic must never be why the mod fails to load.
+local DEBUG = select(2, pcall(function() return os.getenv("DS_STADIUM_DEBUG") end))
+if DEBUG == nil or DEBUG == false then DEBUG = nil end
+
+local debugAt = 0
+
+function Stadium.debug(dt)
+  if not (DEBUG and session) then return end
+  debugAt = debugAt + (dt or 0)
+  if debugAt < 1 then return end
+  debugAt = 0
+  for _, side in ipairs({ "enemy", "player" }) do
+    local mon = session[side]
+    local m = mon.model_matrix
+    V.mod.log:info("stadium %s: dex=%s rig=%s visible=%s anim=%s t=%.2f "
+                   .. "height=%.1f at=%s",
+                   side, tostring(mon.species), tostring(mon.rig ~= nil),
+                   tostring(mon.visible), tostring(mon.anim), mon.time or 0,
+                   mon.model and mon:worldHeight() or 0,
+                   m and ("%.0f,%.0f,%.0f"):format(m[4], m[8], m[12]) or "-")
+  end
+end
+
+function Stadium.invalidate()
+  if session then
+    session.player:release()
+    session.enemy:release()
+  end
+  StadiumPack.invalidate()
+  -- the discs are a mesh and a texture like anything else, and a graphics
+  -- context that went away took them with it
+  pcall(function() V.require("StadiumStage").invalidate() end)
+end
+
+return Stadium

lib/StadiumBuild.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,711 @@
+-- STADIUM battles: turning the ROM into assets/stadium/NNN.dsm.
+--
+-- The Lua half of tools/stadium_pack.py: measure the bind pose, decide
+-- whether a species' standby loop can be trusted, and write the packed file.
+-- Together with StadiumRom, StadiumFragment and StadiumFx this is everything
+-- between `baserom.z64` and a Pokemon standing on a battle tile.
+--
+-- The Python remains the ORACLE. tests/stadium_extract_test.lua runs this
+-- over the same ROM and requires all 151 files to come out byte for byte
+-- identical to what the packer writes. That is a strong test in a way a unit
+-- test of any one function here would not be: every rounding mode, every
+-- iteration order, every off-by-one in an index shows up as a differing byte,
+-- and there are thirty-four megabytes of them.
+--
+-- ------- stepped, not blocking
+--
+-- `StadiumBuild.job()` returns a coroutine-backed job that does one species
+-- per `step()`, so the caller can draw a progress bar between them
+-- (StadiumInstall). A species is a few tens of milliseconds; the whole set is
+-- around half a minute, which is far too long to spend inside one frame and
+-- perfectly fine spread across a loading screen.
+
+-- the mod namespace (see main.lua): V.require loads a sibling module
+local V = ...
+
+local StadiumRom = V.require("StadiumRom")
+local StadiumFragment = V.require("StadiumFragment")
+local StadiumFx = V.require("StadiumFx")
+
+local StadiumBuild = {}
+
+local floor = math.floor
+local sin, cos = math.sin, math.cos
+local pi = math.pi
+local char = string.char
+local concat = table.concat
+local frexp = math.frexp
+local roundHalfEven = StadiumFragment.roundHalfEven
+
+-- The battle system's fixed context slots, in slot order from 165. The mod
+-- indexes this list by POSITION, so the ORDER is the format's contract and
+-- has to stay identical to StadiumPack.CONTEXT and to the packer's CONTEXTS.
+StadiumBuild.CONTEXTS = {
+  "idle", "attack_default", "faint", "entrance", "reaction_169", "reaction_170",
+  "reaction_171", "reaction_172", "reaction_173", "reaction_174",
+  "struggle", "idle_alt", "faint_alt", "flinch", "reaction_179",
+  "reaction_180", "reaction_181", "reaction_182", "entrance_alt",
+  "idle_return",
+}
+
+-- Which context name wins when several claim the same animation.
+local NAME_PREF = { "idle", "attack_default", "faint", "entrance",
+                    "struggle", "flinch" }
+
+local N_MOVES = StadiumRom.N_MOVES
+local CTX_BASE = 165
+local NONE16 = 0xFFFF
+
+-- ------- the bind pose
+
+-- The game's rotation as a 3x3, rows first (src/F420.c func_8000F730):
+-- Rx*Ry*Rz in row-vector form.
+local function quatBasis(r)
+  local sx, cx = sin(r[1] / 32768 * pi), cos(r[1] / 32768 * pi)
+  local sy, cy = sin(r[2] / 32768 * pi), cos(r[2] / 32768 * pi)
+  local sz, cz = sin(r[3] / 32768 * pi), cos(r[3] / 32768 * pi)
+  return { cy * cz, sx * sy * cz - cx * sz, cx * sy * cz + sx * sz },
+         { cy * sz, sx * sy * sz + cx * cz, cx * sy * sz - sx * cz },
+         { -sy, sx * cy, cx * cy }
+end
+
+-- 3x4 (three rotation rows plus a translation column) times the same.
+local function matMul(a, b)
+  local out = {}
+  for r = 1, 3 do
+    local ar = a[r]
+    out[r] = {
+      ar[1] * b[1][1] + ar[2] * b[2][1] + ar[3] * b[3][1],
+      ar[1] * b[1][2] + ar[2] * b[2][2] + ar[3] * b[3][2],
+      ar[1] * b[1][3] + ar[2] * b[2][3] + ar[3] * b[3][3],
+      ar[1] * b[1][4] + ar[2] * b[2][4] + ar[3] * b[3][4] + ar[4],
+    }
+  end
+  return out
+end
+
+-- One component of one bone's t/r/s at a frame. The extractor's own shape: a
+-- bare number when the component holds still for the whole animation, one
+-- number a frame when it does not.
+local function component(comps, i, frame, fallback)
+  if comps == nil then return fallback end
+  local c = comps[i]
+  if type(c) == "table" then
+    local n = #c
+    if n == 0 then return fallback end
+    return c[frame % n + 1]
+  end
+  return c
+end
+
+-- The bone TRS an animation holds at `frame`, rest where it is silent.
+local function animSample(bones, anim, frame)
+  local tracks = anim.tracks
+  return function(i)
+    local b = bones[i]
+    local tr = tracks[i]
+    if not tr then return b.t, b.r, b.s end
+    return { component(tr.t, 1, frame, b.t[1]),
+             component(tr.t, 2, frame, b.t[2]),
+             component(tr.t, 3, frame, b.t[3]) },
+           { component(tr.r, 1, frame, b.r[1]),
+             component(tr.r, 2, frame, b.r[2]),
+             component(tr.r, 3, frame, b.r[3]) },
+           { component(tr.s, 1, frame, b.s[1]),
+             component(tr.s, 2, frame, b.s[2]),
+             component(tr.s, 3, frame, b.s[3]) }
+  end
+end
+
+local function restSample(bones)
+  return function(i)
+    local b = bones[i]
+    return b.t, b.r, b.s
+  end
+end
+
+-- Every bone's draw matrix at one instant, as 3x4 rows.
+--
+-- The game keeps bone scale OUT of the matrix chain: it accumulates in its own
+-- stack, a bone's local translation is pre-multiplied by the PARENT's
+-- accumulated scale, and the bone's own accumulated scale is applied to the
+-- finished matrix at draw time.
+--
+-- Two chains, and the distinction is the whole point: `pivot` is the
+-- rotation/translation a CHILD inherits, and the draw matrix is that with the
+-- bone's own accumulated scale applied on the right. Folding the scale into
+-- the chain instead applies every ancestor's scale twice -- which is exactly
+-- the multiplicative propagation glTF has and the game does not.
+local function bindMatrices(bones, sample)
+  sample = sample or restSample(bones)
+  local pivot, draw, acc = {}, {}, {}
+  local IDENT = { { 1, 0, 0, 0 }, { 0, 1, 0, 0 }, { 0, 0, 1, 0 } }
+  for i = 1, #bones do
+    local bt, br, bs = sample(i)
+    local p = bones[i].parent
+    local pa = (p >= 0) and acc[p + 1] or { 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 }
+    local pm = (p >= 0) and pivot[p + 1] or IDENT
+    local r1, r2, r3 = quatBasis(br)
+    local m = matMul(pm, {
+      { r1[1], r1[2], r1[3], bt[1] * pa[1] },
+      { r2[1], r2[2], r2[3], bt[2] * pa[2] },
+      { r3[1], r3[2], r3[3], bt[3] * pa[3] },
+    })
+    local a = { pa[1] * bs[1], pa[2] * bs[2], pa[3] * bs[3] }
+    acc[i] = a
+    pivot[i] = m
+    -- scale on the right: the bone's own space, so it cannot reach children
+    draw[i] = {
+      { m[1][1] * a[1], m[1][2] * a[2], m[1][3] * a[3], m[1][4] },
+      { m[2][1] * a[1], m[2][2] * a[2], m[2][3] * a[3], m[2][4] },
+      { m[3][1] * a[1], m[3][2] * a[2], m[3][3] * a[3], m[3][4] },
+    }
+  end
+  return draw
+end
+
+StadiumBuild.bindMatrices = bindMatrices
+StadiumBuild.animSample = animSample
+
+-- The axis-aligned box the whole model occupies under `mats`, in game units
+-- after the model_root scale.
+local function poseBox(data, mats)
+  local root = data.rootScale[1]
+  local lo1, lo2, lo3 = 1e30, 1e30, 1e30
+  local hi1, hi2, hi3 = -1e30, -1e30, -1e30
+  for _, prim in ipairs(data.prims) do
+    local pos, skin = prim.pos, prim.skin
+    for i = 1, prim.nverts do
+      local m = mats[skin[i] + 1]
+      if m then
+        local x, y, z = pos[i * 3 - 2], pos[i * 3 - 1], pos[i * 3]
+        local a = (m[1][1] * x + m[1][2] * y + m[1][3] * z + m[1][4]) * root
+        local b = (m[2][1] * x + m[2][2] * y + m[2][3] * z + m[2][4]) * root
+        local c = (m[3][1] * x + m[3][2] * y + m[3][3] * z + m[3][4]) * root
+        if a < lo1 then lo1 = a end
+        if b < lo2 then lo2 = b end
+        if c < lo3 then lo3 = c end
+        if a > hi1 then hi1 = a end
+        if b > hi2 then hi2 = b end
+        if c > hi3 then hi3 = c end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  return lo1, lo2, lo3, hi1, hi2, hi3
+end
+
+-- (height, floor, radius): how tall the mon is, where its lowest point sits
+-- relative to the model's own origin, and how wide it is -- all in game units
+-- after the model_root scale.
+--
+-- Measured on the BIND POSE, which is the one pose in the set that can be
+-- trusted for this. It reproduces the verified glTF export exactly on all 151
+-- species, and it is immune to the animation quirks a handful of them carry
+-- (see idleIsBroken) -- quirks that would otherwise decide how big every OTHER
+-- frame of those species is drawn.
+--
+-- The floor is the interesting number, and it reads cleanly: 119 of the 151
+-- sit within 5% of zero, which says the model origin IS where the game stands
+-- a Pokemon on its field. Every species that does not is one that hovers.
+local function stance(data)
+  local lo1, lo2, lo3, hi1, hi2, hi3 = poseBox(data, bindMatrices(data.bones))
+  if lo1 > hi1 then return 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 end
+  local w, d = hi1 - lo1, hi3 - lo3
+  return hi2 - lo2, lo2, (w > d and w or d) / 2
+end
+
+StadiumBuild.stance = stance
+
+-- Whether this species' standby loop is corrupt as extracted.
+--
+-- No species trips this today. Exeggutor, Tangela and Magmar used to, when
+-- the flags byte was misread and their hermite-keyframe animations were
+-- decoded as packed streams, throwing bones hundreds of units off the body.
+-- It stays as the guard against the next extraction bug: played, a broken
+-- idle looks like a Pokemon coming apart, and the mod would rather show
+-- the sprite fallback (see StadiumMon).
+--
+-- The test is deliberately narrow, because "differs from the bind pose" is NOT
+-- brokenness. It is asked only of the STANDBY loop -- the one animation that
+-- is supposed to stay where it is, since a faint is meant to end far from the
+-- standing pose and an attack is meant to lunge -- and it wants both a large
+-- size blow-up and real drift, or an enormous amount of one. Dewgong is what
+-- calibrates it: its idle is 2.4x its own bind pose because the BIND is the
+-- collapsed one, and it drifts barely at all, so it must not be caught.
+local function idleIsBroken(data, idle)
+  if idle == nil then return false end
+  local bones = data.bones
+  local _, lo2, _, _, hi2 = poseBox(data, bindMatrices(bones))
+  local span = hi2 - lo2
+  if span <= 0 then return false end
+  local worstH, worstDrift = 1.0, 0.0
+  local frame = 0
+  while frame < idle.frames do
+    local _, flo2, _, _, fhi2 = poseBox(data,
+      bindMatrices(bones, animSample(bones, idle, frame)))
+    local h = (fhi2 - flo2) / span
+    if h > worstH then worstH = h end
+    local d1 = (flo2 - lo2) / span
+    local d2 = (fhi2 - hi2) / span
+    if d1 < 0 then d1 = -d1 end
+    if d2 < 0 then d2 = -d2 end
+    if d1 > worstDrift then worstDrift = d1 end
+    if d2 > worstDrift then worstDrift = d2 end
+    frame = frame + 3
+  end
+  return (worstH > 2.5 and worstDrift > 1.5)
+         or worstDrift > 2.0 or worstH > 3.4
+end
+
+-- ------- writing
+
+local function clamp(v, lo, hi)
+  if v < lo then return lo end
+  if v > hi then return hi end
+  return v
+end
+
+-- Toward zero, which is what Python's int() does to a float and NOT what
+-- floor() does to a negative one.
+--
+-- It matters in exactly one place, and it is easy to miss: almost everything
+-- reaching the integer writers below has already been rounded, so truncation
+-- is a no-op on it. The exception is the generated effects' crossed quads
+-- (StadiumFx), whose vertices are raw floats and straddle the origin -- so
+-- the ones at negative x, and only those, come out a unit adrift if this
+-- floors.
+local function trunc(v)
+  if v >= 0 then return floor(v) end
+  return -floor(-v)
+end
+
+-- 16.16, which holds every bone scale in the set (-31 .. 100) with more
+-- precision than anything can see.
+local function fixed(v)
+  return clamp(roundHalfEven(v * 65536), -2147483648, 2147483647)
+end
+
+-- IEEE 754 single, little-endian, rounded to nearest with ties to even -- the
+-- same rounding Python's struct.pack('<f') does, so the four floats in the
+-- header come out bit for bit the same as the packer's.
+local function f32(x)
+  local sign = 0
+  if x < 0 or (x == 0 and 1 / x < 0) then
+    sign = 128
+    x = -x
+  end
+  if x ~= x then return char(0, 0, 192, 127 + sign) end        -- NaN
+  if x == math.huge then return char(0, 0, 128, 127 + sign) end
+  if x == 0 then return char(0, 0, 0, sign) end
+  local m, e = frexp(x)                       -- x = m * 2^e, 0.5 <= m < 1
+  local E = e - 1 + 127
+  local mant
+  if E >= 255 then
+    return char(0, 0, 128, 127 + sign)                          -- overflow
+  elseif E <= 0 then
+    -- subnormal: no exponent left, so the mantissa carries the whole value
+    mant = roundHalfEven(x / 2 ^ -149)
+    if mant >= 8388608 then
+      mant, E = mant - 8388608, 1
+    else
+      E = 0
+    end
+  else
+    mant = roundHalfEven((m * 2 - 1) * 8388608)
+    if mant == 8388608 then                   -- rounded up into the next
+      mant, E = 0, E + 1
+      if E >= 255 then return char(0, 0, 128, 127 + sign) end
+    end
+  end
+  local b4 = sign + floor(E / 2)
+  local b3 = (E % 2) * 128 + floor(mant / 65536)
+  local b2 = floor(mant / 256) % 256
+  local b1 = mant % 256
+  return char(b1, b2, b3, b4)
+end
+
+StadiumBuild.f32 = f32
+
+local Writer = {}
+Writer.__index = Writer
+
+local function newWriter()
+  return setmetatable({ parts = {}, n = 0 }, Writer)
+end
+
+function Writer:raw(s)
+  self.n = self.n + 1
+  self.parts[self.n] = s
+end
+
+function Writer:u8(v)
+  self:raw(char(v % 256))
+end
+
+function Writer:i8(v)
+  v = clamp(trunc(v), -128, 127)
+  self:raw(char(v % 256))
+end
+
+function Writer:u16(v)
+  v = v % 65536
+  self:raw(char(v % 256, floor(v / 256)))
+end
+
+function Writer:i16(v)
+  v = clamp(trunc(v), -32768, 32767) % 65536
+  self:raw(char(v % 256, floor(v / 256)))
+end
+
+function Writer:u32(v)
+  v = v % 4294967296
+  self:raw(char(v % 256, floor(v / 256) % 256, floor(v / 65536) % 256,
+                floor(v / 16777216) % 256))
+end
+
+function Writer:i32(v)
+  v = clamp(trunc(v), -2147483648, 2147483647) % 4294967296
+  self:raw(char(v % 256, floor(v / 256) % 256, floor(v / 65536) % 256,
+                floor(v / 16777216) % 256))
+end
+
+function Writer:f32(v)
+  self:raw(f32(v))
+end
+
+function Writer:bytes()
+  return concat(self.parts)
+end
+
+-- One component of one bone's t/r/s in one animation. `values` is the
+-- extractor's own shape: a bare number when the component holds still for the
+-- whole animation, or one number a frame when it does not. That fold is where
+-- most of the size saving is -- a bone that only rotates costs two bytes for
+-- each of its six other components.
+local function writeTrackComponent(w, values, kind)
+  local isArray = type(values) == "table"
+  w:u8(isArray and 1 or 0)
+  if kind == "s" then
+    if isArray then
+      for i = 1, #values do w:i32(fixed(values[i])) end
+    else
+      w:i32(fixed(values))
+    end
+  else
+    if isArray then
+      for i = 1, #values do w:i16(roundHalfEven(values[i])) end
+    else
+      w:i16(roundHalfEven(values))
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+-- Which animation each fixed battle context slot resolves to: entries 165
+-- upward of the species' own battle table, in slot order. An entry naming an
+-- animation the species does not have is written as "none" rather than
+-- clamped -- the mod would rather fall back than play the wrong clip.
+function StadiumBuild.contextTable(rows, nAnims)
+  local ctx = {}
+  for i = 1, #StadiumBuild.CONTEXTS do
+    local row = rows[CTX_BASE + i - 1]
+    local ai = row and row[1] or nil
+    ctx[i] = (ai ~= nil and ai < nAnims) and ai or NONE16
+  end
+  return ctx
+end
+
+-- ------- naming the animations
+--
+-- build.py's label_animations. The names are not read at runtime -- the mod
+-- addresses animations by index through the move and context tables -- but
+-- they are in the format, so they have to be produced the same way for the
+-- oracle diff to mean anything. They also make a packed file readable in a
+-- hex dump, which is worth the byte apiece.
+
+local function labelAnimations(data, rows, nAux)
+  local anims = data.anims
+  local n = #anims
+  local uses, moveUses = {}, {}
+  local auxOrder, auxCount = {}, {}
+  for i = 1, n do
+    uses[i], moveUses[i] = {}, 0
+    auxOrder[i], auxCount[i] = {}, {}
+  end
+  for e = 0, rows.n - 1 do
+    local ai = rows[e][1]
+    if ai < n then
+      if e < N_MOVES then
+        moveUses[ai + 1] = moveUses[ai + 1] + 1
+      elseif e >= CTX_BASE and e < CTX_BASE + #StadiumBuild.CONTEXTS then
+        local list = uses[ai + 1]
+        list[#list + 1] = StadiumBuild.CONTEXTS[e - CTX_BASE + 1]
+      end
+      local ax = rows[e][2]
+      if ax >= 0 and ax < nAux then
+        local counts, order = auxCount[ai + 1], auxOrder[ai + 1]
+        if counts[ax] == nil then
+          counts[ax] = 0
+          order[#order + 1] = ax
+        end
+        counts[ax] = counts[ax] + 1
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  for i = 1, n do
+    -- sorted(set(uses)) -- the alphabetically first context is the fallback
+    -- name, so the ordering is part of the answer
+    local seen, ctx = {}, {}
+    for _, name in ipairs(uses[i]) do
+      if not seen[name] then
+        seen[name] = true
+        ctx[#ctx + 1] = name
+      end
+    end
+    table.sort(ctx)
+    local name = nil
+    for _, pref in ipairs(NAME_PREF) do
+      if seen[pref] then
+        name = pref
+        break
+      end
+    end
+    if not name then
+      if moveUses[i] > 0 then
+        name = "attack"
+      elseif ctx[1] then
+        name = ctx[1]
+      else
+        name = "anim" .. (i - 1)
+      end
+    end
+    anims[i].name = name
+    -- Counter.most_common(1): the highest count, and on a tie the one that
+    -- was inserted first
+    local best, bestN = -1, -1
+    local order, counts = auxOrder[i], auxCount[i]
+    for _, ax in ipairs(order) do
+      if counts[ax] > bestN then
+        best, bestN = ax, counts[ax]
+      end
+    end
+    anims[i].aux = best
+  end
+
+  local seenName = {}
+  for i = 1, n do
+    local base = anims[i].name
+    local k = seenName[base] or 0
+    seenName[base] = k + 1
+    if k > 0 then anims[i].name = base .. "_" .. (k + 1) end
+  end
+end
+
+-- ------- the pack
+
+function StadiumBuild.pack(data, species, moveRows, ctx)
+  local w = newWriter()
+  local bones, prims = data.bones, data.prims
+  local textures, anims, aux = data.textures, data.anims, data.auxAnims
+
+  local height, floorY, radius = stance(data)
+
+  local idleIndex = ctx[1]                    -- CONTEXTS[1] is "idle"
+  local idle = (idleIndex ~= NONE16) and anims[idleIndex + 1] or nil
+  local static = idleIsBroken(data, idle)
+
+  w:raw("DSM3")
+  w:u16(species)
+  w:u16(#bones)
+  w:u16(#prims)
+  w:u16(#textures)
+  w:u16(#anims)
+  w:u16(#aux)
+  w:f32(data.rootScale[1])
+  -- 1 = hold the bind pose, never play an animation
+  w:u8(static and 1 or 0)
+  w:f32(height)
+  w:f32(floorY)
+  w:f32(radius)
+
+  for m = 1, N_MOVES do
+    local row = moveRows[m]
+    w:u16((row and row[1] < #anims) and row[1] or NONE16)
+  end
+  for m = 1, N_MOVES do
+    local row = moveRows[m]
+    w:i16((row and row[2] >= 0 and row[2] < #aux) and row[2] or -1)
+  end
+  for i = 1, #ctx do w:u16(ctx[i]) end
+
+  for i = 1, #bones do
+    local b = bones[i]
+    w:i16(b.parent)
+    for k = 1, 3 do w:i16(roundHalfEven(b.t[k])) end
+    for k = 1, 3 do w:i16(b.r[k]) end
+    for k = 1, 3 do w:i32(fixed(b.s[k])) end
+  end
+
+  for i = 1, #prims do
+    local p = prims[i]
+    w:u16(p.tex)
+    -- the display list's own cull mode: 1024 is G_CULL_BACK
+    w:u8((p.cull and p.cull ~= 0) and 1 or 0)
+    w:u8((p.blend == "add") and 1 or 0)
+    w:i16(p.texAnim or -1)
+    -- sorted by the stream's own byte, which is what the reader keys on
+    local keys = {}
+    if p.texMap then
+      for k in pairs(p.texMap) do keys[#keys + 1] = k end
+      table.sort(keys)
+    end
+    w:u8(#keys)
+    for _, k in ipairs(keys) do
+      w:u8(k)
+      w:u16(p.texMap[k])
+    end
+    local frames = p.fxFrames
+    w:u16(frames and #frames or 0)
+    if frames then
+      for k = 1, #frames do w:u16(frames[k]) end
+    end
+    local pos, uv, nrm, skin = p.pos, p.uv, p.nrm, p.skin
+    w:u16(p.nverts)
+    w:u16(p.nidx)
+    for k = 1, p.nverts do
+      w:i16(pos[k * 3 - 2])
+      w:i16(pos[k * 3 - 1])
+      w:i16(pos[k * 3])
+      -- 1/512, which puts a texel of the largest texture in the set well
+      -- inside a step and still reaches the +-32 the wrapped coordinates of
+      -- some display lists run to
+      w:i16(roundHalfEven(uv[k * 2 - 1] * 512))
+      w:i16(roundHalfEven(uv[k * 2] * 512))
+      w:i8(roundHalfEven(nrm[k * 3 - 2] * 127))
+      w:i8(roundHalfEven(nrm[k * 3 - 1] * 127))
+      w:i8(roundHalfEven(nrm[k * 3] * 127))
+      w:u8(skin[k])
+    end
+    for k = 1, p.nidx do w:u16(p.idx[k]) end
+  end
+
+  for i = 1, #textures do
+    local t = textures[i]
+    w:u16(t.w)
+    w:u16(t.h)
+    w:u32(#t.rgba)
+    w:raw(t.rgba)
+  end
+
+  local REST = { t = { 0, 0, 0 }, r = { 0, 0, 0 }, s = { 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 } }
+  for i = 1, #anims do
+    local a = anims[i]
+    local name = a.name or ""
+    if #name > 255 then name = name:sub(1, 255) end
+    w:u8(#name)
+    w:raw(name)
+    w:u16(a.frames)
+    w:u16(a.loopStart or 0)
+    w:i16(a.aux or -1)
+    for bi = 1, #bones do
+      local tr = a.tracks[bi]
+      if not tr then
+        w:u8(0)
+      else
+        w:u8(1)
+        for _, key in ipairs({ "t", "r", "s" }) do
+          local comps = tr[key]
+          if comps == nil then
+            -- a bone the animation leaves at its rest value for this path:
+            -- written as three constants so the reader never has to branch on
+            -- a missing path
+            comps = bones[bi][key] or REST[key]
+          end
+          for c = 1, 3 do writeTrackComponent(w, comps[c], key) end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  for i = 1, #aux do
+    local a = aux[i]
+    w:u16(a.frames)
+    w:u16(a.loopStart or 0)
+    w:u16(#a.channels)
+    for _, ch in ipairs(a.channels) do
+      w:u16(ch.n)
+      for k = 1, ch.n do w:u16(ch[k]) end
+    end
+  end
+
+  return w:bytes(), height, floorY, radius
+end
+
+-- ------- one species, end to end
+
+-- The same three steps build.py takes: parse the fragment, label the
+-- animations off the species' battle table, then hang the generated fire/gas
+-- stand-ins on the bones the game's own effect callbacks hang off.
+function StadiumBuild.species(rom, fileno)
+  local blob = rom:model(fileno)
+  if not blob then return nil, ("file %d is not in the archive"):format(fileno) end
+  local data, err = StadiumFragment.extract(blob, ("%d.bin"):format(fileno))
+  if not data then return nil, err end
+  local species = data.species
+  local rows = rom:battleRows(species)
+  labelAnimations(data, rows, #data.auxAnims)
+  StadiumFx.attach(data, species)
+
+  local moveRows = {}
+  for m = 1, N_MOVES do moveRows[m] = rows[m - 1] end
+  local ctx = StadiumBuild.contextTable(rows, #data.anims)
+  local bytes, height, floorY, radius =
+    StadiumBuild.pack(data, species, moveRows, ctx)
+  return { species = species, bytes = bytes, height = height,
+           floor = floorY, radius = radius, bones = #data.bones,
+           prims = #data.prims, anims = #data.anims,
+           warnings = data.warnings }
+end
+
+-- ------- the stepped job
+--
+-- `write(species, bytes)` is called for each finished pack and must answer
+-- truthy; anything else stops the job with an error. Returning a job rather
+-- than taking a callback for progress keeps the caller in charge of when work
+-- happens, which is what lets a loading screen stay responsive.
+function StadiumBuild.job(rom, write, count)
+  local total = count or StadiumRom.N_POKEMON
+  local n = rom:modelCount()
+  if total > n then total = n end
+  local job = { total = total, done = 0, bytes = 0, failed = {}, species = nil }
+
+  function job:step()
+    if self.done >= self.total then return false end
+    local fileno = self.done
+    local ok, res, err = pcall(StadiumBuild.species, rom, fileno)
+    if ok and res then
+      local wrote, wErr = write(res.species, res.bytes)
+      if not wrote then
+        self.error = wErr or ("could not write species " .. res.species)
+        self.done = self.total
+        return false
+      end
+      self.bytes = self.bytes + #res.bytes
+      self.species = res.species
+    else
+      self.failed[#self.failed + 1] = fileno
+      self.lastError = ok and err or res
+    end
+    self.done = self.done + 1
+    return self.done < self.total
+  end
+
+  function job:progress()
+    if self.total <= 0 then return 1 end
+    return self.done / self.total
+  end
+
+  return job
+end
+
+return StadiumBuild

lib/StadiumFx.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,436 @@
+-- STADIUM battles: the generated fire and gas stand-ins.
+--
+-- A port of model_extract/pipeline/effects.py, plus the bind-pose measurement
+-- build.py sizes them against.
+--
+-- IMPORTANT: nothing here is extracted game data. The real tail flame, mane
+-- fire and gas are drawn by procedural callbacks that live in a different
+-- fragment -- geo command 0x08 records an attachment point and
+-- func_80014A60 calls node->unk_10, and the model file supplies only two
+-- empty display lists plus zeroed scratch buffers for it to fill. Those
+-- callbacks have not been ported, so the models genuinely contain no flame
+-- mesh and no flame texture: Charmander's texture set is eyes, claws, teeth
+-- and skin.
+--
+-- What follows is an ORIGINAL, procedurally generated replacement -- looping
+-- flipbook noise on a pair of crossed quads, anchored to the exact bone the
+-- callback hangs off so it sits where the real effect would and follows the
+-- animation. Seeds derive from the species number, so a given Pokemon always
+-- generates the same flame.
+--
+-- Which species get one is the game's own grouping: every species sharing a
+-- callback shares an effect.
+--
+--   0x810000D8  Charmander, Charmeleon, Charizard, Magmar, Moltres   tail flame
+--   0x81000108  Ponyta, Rapidash, Moltres's wings                    small flame
+--   0x810000E0  Gastly (only)                                        gas cloud
+
+-- the mod namespace (see main.lua): V.require loads a sibling module
+local V = ...
+
+local StadiumFx = {}
+
+local floor = math.floor
+local sqrt = math.sqrt
+local sin, cos = math.sin, math.cos
+local char = string.char
+local concat = table.concat
+local pi = math.pi
+
+local FIRE_TAIL  = 0x810000D8
+local FIRE_SMALL = 0x81000108
+local AURA       = 0x810000E0
+
+-- Desired size as a fraction of the model's world-space height: length, width.
+StadiumFx.SIZES = {
+  fire_tail  = { 0.40, 0.22 },
+  fire_small = { 0.075, 0.042 },
+  gas        = { 1.05, 1.05 },
+}
+
+-- ------- 32-bit exclusive-or, in arithmetic
+--
+-- The generator below is an xorshift, so it needs a real 32-bit xor and a
+-- real 32-bit wrap. Written out rather than taken from LuaJIT's `bit`, which
+-- works in SIGNED 32-bit and would need converting back on every step -- see
+-- the same note in StadiumFragment.
+
+local function bxor32(a, b)
+  local r, p = 0, 1
+  for _ = 1, 32 do
+    local x, y = a % 2, b % 2
+    if x ~= y then r = r + p end
+    a, b, p = floor(a / 2), floor(b / 2), p * 2
+  end
+  return r
+end
+
+-- ------- deterministic noise
+
+local Rng = {}
+Rng.__index = Rng
+
+local function newRng(seed)
+  local s = seed % 0x100000000
+  if s == 0 then s = 0x9E3779B9 end
+  return setmetatable({ s = s }, Rng)
+end
+
+function Rng:next()
+  local x = self.s
+  x = bxor32(x, (x % 0x80000) * 0x2000)               -- x ^= (x << 13)
+  x = bxor32(x, floor(x / 0x20000))                   -- x ^= x >> 17
+  x = bxor32(x, (x % 0x8000000) * 0x20)               -- x ^= (x << 5)
+  self.s = x % 0x100000000
+  return self.s
+end
+
+function Rng:unit()
+  return self:next() / 0x100000000
+end
+
+-- A w-by-h lattice of unit noise, consumed row by row so the sequence -- and
+-- therefore the texture -- is reproducible.
+local function lattice(rng, w, h)
+  local g = {}
+  for y = 1, h do
+    local row = {}
+    for x = 1, w do row[x] = rng:unit() end
+    g[y] = row
+  end
+  return g
+end
+
+local function smooth(t)
+  return t * t * (3 - 2 * t)
+end
+
+-- Bilinear value noise on a torus, so the field tiles in both axes.
+local function sample(grid, x, y)
+  local h = #grid
+  local w = #grid[1]
+  local fx0, fy0 = floor(x), floor(y)
+  local x0, y0 = fx0 % w, fy0 % h
+  local x1, y1 = (x0 + 1) % w, (y0 + 1) % h
+  local fx, fy = smooth(x - fx0), smooth(y - fy0)
+  local r0, r1 = grid[y0 + 1], grid[y1 + 1]
+  local a = r0[x0 + 1] + (r0[x1 + 1] - r0[x0 + 1]) * fx
+  local b = r1[x0 + 1] + (r1[x1 + 1] - r1[x0 + 1]) * fx
+  return a + (b - a) * fy
+end
+
+-- Sum octaves of tileable noise.
+local function fbm(grids, x, y, scale)
+  local total, amp, norm = 0.0, 1.0, 0.0
+  for i = 1, #grids do
+    local f = scale * 2 ^ (i - 1)
+    total = total + sample(grids[i], x * f, y * f) * amp
+    norm = norm + amp
+    amp = amp * 0.5
+  end
+  return total / norm
+end
+
+-- Intensity -> RGBA, through a piecewise ramp.
+local function ramp(stops, t)
+  if t < 0.0 then t = 0.0 elseif t > 1.0 then t = 1.0 end
+  for i = 1, #stops - 1 do
+    local a, b = stops[i], stops[i + 1]
+    if t <= b[1] then
+      local k = 0.0
+      if b[1] ~= a[1] then k = (t - a[1]) / (b[1] - a[1]) end
+      return floor(a[2] + (b[2] - a[2]) * k), floor(a[3] + (b[3] - a[3]) * k),
+             floor(a[4] + (b[4] - a[4]) * k), floor(a[5] + (b[5] - a[5]) * k)
+    end
+  end
+  local last = stops[#stops]
+  return last[2], last[3], last[4], last[5]
+end
+
+local FIRE_RAMP = {
+  { 0.00, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
+  { 0.30, 120, 24, 8, 90 },
+  { 0.52, 226, 78, 16, 205 },
+  { 0.74, 252, 176, 44, 245 },
+  { 1.00, 255, 246, 214, 255 },
+}
+
+local GAS_RAMP = {
+  { 0.00, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
+  { 0.34, 52, 26, 78, 70 },
+  { 0.60, 96, 52, 140, 140 },
+  { 0.82, 148, 96, 196, 190 },
+  { 1.00, 208, 176, 236, 215 },
+}
+
+local TRANSPARENT = char(0, 0, 0, 0)
+
+-- An upward-advected noise plume. Scrolling by an exact multiple of the
+-- lattice over the frame count is what makes the loop seamless.
+local function fireFrames(seed, w, h, frames, wisp)
+  wisp = wisp or 1.0
+  local rng = newRng(seed)
+  local grids = { lattice(rng, 8, 8), lattice(rng, 16, 16),
+                  lattice(rng, 32, 32) }
+  local out = {}
+  for f = 0, frames - 1 do
+    local t = f / frames
+    local buf = {}
+    for i = 1, w * h do buf[i] = TRANSPARENT end
+    for y = 0, h - 1 do
+      local v = y / (h - 1)                 -- 0 at the base, 1 at the tip
+      -- plume envelope: wide and hot at the base, pinched at the tip
+      local taper = 1.0 - v
+      if taper < 0.0 then taper = 0.0 end
+      taper = taper ^ 0.42
+      for x = 0, w - 1 do
+        local u = (x / (w - 1)) * 2 - 1     -- -1 .. 1 across the flame
+        local denom = taper * 0.95
+        if denom < 0.10 then denom = 0.10 end
+        local radial = 1.0 - (u < 0 and -u or u) / denom
+        if radial > 0 then
+          radial = radial ^ 0.7
+          local n = fbm(grids, x / w, (y / h) - t, 3.0)
+          local lick = 0.55 + 0.75 * (n - 0.5) * wisp
+          local inten = radial * (0.55 + 0.8 * taper) * lick
+          inten = inten - 0.16 * v           -- cool towards the tip
+          if inten > 0.02 then
+            local r, g, b, a = ramp(FIRE_RAMP, inten)
+            -- +Y in texture space is up
+            buf[(h - 1 - y) * w + x + 1] = char(r, g, b, a)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    out[f + 1] = concat(buf)
+  end
+  return w, h, out
+end
+
+-- Slow swirling haze that fades out towards the rim.
+local function gasFrames(seed, w, h, frames)
+  local rng = newRng(seed)
+  local grids = { lattice(rng, 8, 8), lattice(rng, 16, 16),
+                  lattice(rng, 32, 32) }
+  local out = {}
+  for f = 0, frames - 1 do
+    local t = f / frames
+    local buf = {}
+    for i = 1, w * h do buf[i] = TRANSPARENT end
+    local ang = t * 2 * pi
+    local ca, sa = cos(ang), sin(ang)
+    for y = 0, h - 1 do
+      for x = 0, w - 1 do
+        local dx = (x / (w - 1)) * 2 - 1
+        local dy = (y / (h - 1)) * 2 - 1
+        local d = sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy)
+        if d < 1.0 then
+          local falloff = (1.0 - d) ^ 0.85
+          -- rotate the sample point so the haze churns without popping
+          local sx = dx * ca - dy * sa
+          local sy = dx * sa + dy * ca
+          local n = fbm(grids, sx * 0.5 + 0.5, sy * 0.5 + 0.5 - t, 2.5)
+          local inten = falloff * (0.78 + 1.30 * (n - 0.44))
+          if inten > 0.03 then
+            local r, g, b, a = ramp(GAS_RAMP, inten)
+            buf[y * w + x + 1] = char(r, g, b, a)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    out[f + 1] = concat(buf)
+  end
+  return w, h, out
+end
+
+-- Two quads at right angles, so the effect reads from any angle. `axis` picks
+-- which bone-local direction the quad grows along: bone-local +X runs down the
+-- limb, so a flame laid out along X comes out lying sideways, and 'y' is that
+-- same quad turned a quarter left about Z, which stands it up. `centred`
+-- straddles the origin instead of growing from it.
+local function crossedQuads(bone, length, width, axis, centred)
+  local pos, uv, nrm, skin, idx = {}, {}, {}, {}, {}
+  local ST = { { 0, 0 }, { 1, 0 }, { 1, 1 }, { 0, 1 } }
+  local nv, ni = 0, 0
+  for q = 0, 1 do
+    local base = nv
+    for k = 1, 4 do
+      local s, t = ST[k][1], ST[k][2]
+      local a = (s - 0.5) * width
+      local b = centred and (t - 0.5) * length or t * length
+      local px, py, pz
+      if axis == "x" then
+        if q == 0 then px, py, pz = b, a, 0.0 else px, py, pz = b, 0.0, a end
+      else                                       -- (x, y) -> (-y, x)
+        if q == 0 then px, py, pz = -a, b, 0.0 else px, py, pz = 0.0, b, a end
+      end
+      pos[nv * 3 + 1], pos[nv * 3 + 2], pos[nv * 3 + 3] = px, py, pz
+      uv[nv * 2 + 1], uv[nv * 2 + 2] = s, 1.0 - t
+      if q == 0 then
+        nrm[nv * 3 + 1], nrm[nv * 3 + 2], nrm[nv * 3 + 3] = 0.0, 0.0, 1.0
+      else
+        nrm[nv * 3 + 1], nrm[nv * 3 + 2], nrm[nv * 3 + 3] = 1.0, 0.0, 0.0
+      end
+      skin[nv + 1] = bone
+      nv = nv + 1
+    end
+    idx[ni + 1], idx[ni + 2], idx[ni + 3] = base, base + 1, base + 2
+    idx[ni + 4], idx[ni + 5], idx[ni + 6] = base, base + 2, base + 3
+    ni = ni + 6
+  end
+  return { pos = pos, uv = uv, nrm = nrm, skin = skin, nverts = nv,
+           idx = idx, nidx = ni }
+end
+
+-- ------- the bind pose these are sized against
+--
+-- build.py's bind_extent, kept in its own 4x4 column-major convention rather
+-- than folded into StadiumBuild's 3x4 walk. The two agree -- they are the
+-- same skeleton -- but the effect sizes come out of THIS one's per-bone scale
+-- measurement, and rewriting it into the other convention is exactly the kind
+-- of change that moves a byte without anyone noticing.
+
+local function trs(t, r, s)
+  local function S(v) return sin(v / 32768 * pi) end
+  local function C(v) return cos(v / 32768 * pi) end
+  local sx, cx = S(r[1]), C(r[1])
+  local sy, cy = S(r[2]), C(r[2])
+  local sz, cz = S(r[3]), C(r[3])
+  return { cy * cz * s[1], cy * sz * s[1], -sy * s[1], 0,
+           (sx * sy * cz - cx * sz) * s[2], (sx * sy * sz + cx * cz) * s[2],
+           sx * cy * s[2], 0,
+           (cx * sy * cz + sx * sz) * s[3], (cx * sy * sz - sx * cz) * s[3],
+           cx * cy * s[3], 0,
+           t[1], t[2], t[3], 1 }
+end
+
+local function mul(a, b)
+  local r = {}
+  for c = 0, 3 do
+    for i = 1, 4 do
+      r[c * 4 + i] = a[i] * b[c * 4 + 1] + a[4 + i] * b[c * 4 + 2]
+                     + a[8 + i] * b[c * 4 + 3] + a[12 + i] * b[c * 4 + 4]
+    end
+  end
+  return r
+end
+
+-- (height of the bind pose, per-bone local scale). Height rather than the
+-- largest dimension: sizing off the max would scale Moltres's flames to its
+-- wingspan.
+function StadiumFx.bindExtent(data)
+  local root = trs({ 0, 0, 0 }, { 0, 0, 0 }, data.rootScale)
+  local acc, uns, mats = {}, {}, {}
+  for i = 1, #data.bones do
+    local b = data.bones[i]
+    local p = b.parent
+    local pa = (p >= 0) and acc[p + 1] or { 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 }
+    local pu = (p >= 0) and uns[p + 1] or root
+    local u = mul(pu, trs({ b.t[1] * pa[1], b.t[2] * pa[2], b.t[3] * pa[3] },
+                          b.r, { 1, 1, 1 }))
+    local a = { pa[1] * b.s[1], pa[2] * b.s[2], pa[3] * b.s[3] }
+    local m = {}
+    for k = 1, 16 do m[k] = u[k] end
+    for k = 1, 4 do
+      m[k] = m[k] * a[1]
+      m[4 + k] = m[4 + k] * a[2]
+      m[8 + k] = m[8 + k] * a[3]
+    end
+    acc[i], uns[i], mats[i] = a, u, m
+  end
+
+  local lo = { 1e9, 1e9, 1e9 }
+  local hi = { -1e9, -1e9, -1e9 }
+  for _, prim in ipairs(data.prims) do
+    local pos, skin = prim.pos, prim.skin
+    for i = 1, prim.nverts do
+      local m = mats[skin[i] + 1]
+      if m then
+        local x, y, z = pos[i * 3 - 2], pos[i * 3 - 1], pos[i * 3]
+        local wx = m[1] * x + m[5] * y + m[9] * z + m[13]
+        local wy = m[2] * x + m[6] * y + m[10] * z + m[14]
+        local wz = m[3] * x + m[7] * y + m[11] * z + m[15]
+        if wx < lo[1] then lo[1] = wx end
+        if wy < lo[2] then lo[2] = wy end
+        if wz < lo[3] then lo[3] = wz end
+        if wx > hi[1] then hi[1] = wx end
+        if wy > hi[2] then hi[2] = wy end
+        if wz > hi[3] then hi[3] = wz end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  local extent = (lo[1] <= hi[1]) and (hi[2] - lo[2]) or 1.0
+
+  -- how much each bone scales its own local space, so an effect can divide it
+  -- back out and come out the size it asked for wherever it hangs
+  local scales = {}
+  for i = 1, #mats do
+    local m = mats[i]
+    scales[i] = sqrt(m[1] * m[1] + m[2] * m[2] + m[3] * m[3])
+  end
+  return extent, scales
+end
+
+-- ------- what a species gets
+
+-- Returns a list of { kind, bone, geo, w, h, frames }, or an empty list.
+function StadiumFx.buildFor(species, fx, extent, boneScale)
+  local out = {}
+  for _, node in ipairs(fx) do
+    local cb, bone = node.callback, node.bone
+    if bone >= 0 and bone < #boneScale then
+      local k = boneScale[bone + 1]
+      if k == 0 then k = 1.0 end
+      if cb == FIRE_TAIL then
+        local fl, fw = StadiumFx.SIZES.fire_tail[1], StadiumFx.SIZES.fire_tail[2]
+        local w, h, fr = fireFrames(species * 7919 + 1, 32, 64, 8)
+        out[#out + 1] = { kind = "fire", bone = bone, w = w, h = h, frames = fr,
+                          geo = crossedQuads(bone, extent * fl / k,
+                                             extent * fw / k, "y", false) }
+      elseif cb == FIRE_SMALL then
+        local fl, fw = StadiumFx.SIZES.fire_small[1],
+                       StadiumFx.SIZES.fire_small[2]
+        local w, h, fr = fireFrames(species * 6271 + bone, 24, 40, 8, 1.25)
+        out[#out + 1] = { kind = "fire", bone = bone, w = w, h = h, frames = fr,
+                          geo = crossedQuads(bone, extent * fl / k,
+                                             extent * fw / k, "y", false) }
+      elseif cb == AURA and species == 92 then        -- Gastly only
+        local fl, fw = StadiumFx.SIZES.gas[1], StadiumFx.SIZES.gas[2]
+        local w, h, fr = gasFrames(species * 5237 + 3, 48, 48, 10)
+        out[#out + 1] = { kind = "gas", bone = bone, w = w, h = h, frames = fr,
+                          geo = crossedQuads(bone, extent * fl / k,
+                                             extent * fw / k, "y", true) }
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  return out
+end
+
+-- Append the generated prims and their flipbook textures to a model, exactly
+-- as build.py's attach_effects does. Returns how many were made.
+function StadiumFx.attach(data, species)
+  if not (data.fx and #data.fx > 0) then return 0 end
+  local extent, boneScale = StadiumFx.bindExtent(data)
+  local made = StadiumFx.buildFor(species, data.fx, extent, boneScale)
+  for _, e in ipairs(made) do
+    local first = #data.textures                      -- 0-based, as the file
+    for i = 1, #e.frames do
+      data.textures[first + i] = { index = -1, w = e.w, h = e.h,
+                                   generated = true, rgba = e.frames[i] }
+    end
+    local g = e.geo
+    local fxFrames = {}
+    for i = 1, #e.frames do fxFrames[i] = first + i - 1 end
+    data.prims[#data.prims + 1] = {
+      tex = first, cull = 0, texAnim = -1, texMap = nil,
+      generated = true, effect = e.kind,
+      blend = (e.kind == "fire") and "add" or "alpha",
+      fxFrames = fxFrames,
+      pos = g.pos, uv = g.uv, nrm = g.nrm, skin = g.skin, nverts = g.nverts,
+      idx = g.idx, nidx = g.nidx,
+    }
+  end
+  return #made
+end
+
+return StadiumFx

lib/StadiumInstall.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+-- STADIUM battles: finding the ROM, and building the models out of it once.
+--
+-- The mod does not ship the Pokemon Stadium models and cannot: they are that
+-- game's data. What it ships is the READER -- StadiumRom, StadiumFragment,
+-- StadiumFx and StadiumBuild -- and the player supplies the cartridge, which
+-- is exactly the arrangement this engine already has for the Game Boy ROM it
+-- is a recompilation of (src/import/RomImporter.lua).
+--
+-- So: supply a Pokemon Stadium (US) 1.0 ROM -- the OPTIONS row opens a file
+-- picker for one, or drop it in `baseroms/` -- and the first time the
+-- game runs with the mod on, the models are built. Once, on a loading screen,
+-- in about ten seconds. After that the packs sit in the save directory and
+-- the mod reads them like any other asset.
+--
+-- ------- where "baseroms/" is
+--
+-- One relative path, and it deliberately covers two different places at once,
+-- because PhysFS searches the save directory AND the game folder under the
+-- same names:
+--
+--   * a folder install, or a checkout -- `baseroms/` next to main.lua
+--   * a packaged or fused build, where the game folder is inside an archive
+--     and cannot be written to -- `baseroms/` in the save directory, whose
+--     absolute path this reports on screen so it can be found
+--
+-- The file goes STRAIGHT IN THERE, with no revision subfolder under it. The
+-- decompilation's own `make init` uses `baseroms/us/`, and the offline
+-- pipeline under model_extract/ still reads from there because it shares that
+-- tree -- but the instruction given to a player is "drop the file in this
+-- folder", and one folder is the whole of it.
+--
+-- Any of `.z64`, `.n64` and `.v64` is accepted; StadiumRom normalises the
+-- byte order on load.
+--
+-- ------- what "installed" means
+--
+-- A marker file next to the packs, holding the format magic, how many species
+-- were written and the md5 of the ROM they came from. All three matter. The
+-- magic catches a format change (the packs are rebuilt rather than read as
+-- garbage), the count catches a build that was interrupted half way, and the
+-- md5 catches the player swapping the ROM for a different revision.
+
+-- the mod namespace (see main.lua): V.require loads a sibling module
+local V = ...
+
+local StadiumPack = V.require("StadiumPack")
+
+local StadiumInstall = {}
+
+-- Where a ROM is looked for, and where the built packs are kept.
+StadiumInstall.ROM_DIR = "baseroms"
+StadiumInstall.DIR = StadiumPack.CACHE_DIR
+StadiumInstall.MARKER = StadiumInstall.DIR .. "/pack.info"
+
+-- Bumped whenever the .dsm format changes, so an old cache is rebuilt rather
+-- than misread. Must track StadiumPack's magic.
+StadiumInstall.FORMAT = "DSM3"
+
+-- Bumped when the packs' CONTENT changes without the byte layout moving, so
+-- a cache built by an older extractor is rebuilt rather than trusted. Rev 2
+-- is the hermite-animation decode fix: the five keyframe species (Pidgeot,
+-- Dodrio, Exeggutor, Tangela, Magmar) come out garbled or bind-posed from
+-- any rev-1 build.
+StadiumInstall.REV = 2
+
+StadiumInstall.COUNT = 151
+
+-- Named ROM files, then any ROM at all sitting in the folder.
+--
+-- Flat in `baseroms/`, with no revision subfolder: the offline pipeline under
+-- model_extract/ keeps the decompilation's own `baseroms/us/` convention
+-- because it shares that tree, but what is being asked of a PLAYER here is
+-- "drop the file in this folder", and one folder is the whole of that
+-- instruction. A path they have to build out of two parts is a path half of
+-- them will get wrong, and the failure is silent -- the rungs are simply not
+-- on the row.
+local NAMED = {
+  StadiumInstall.ROM_DIR .. "/baserom.z64",
+  StadiumInstall.ROM_DIR .. "/baserom.n64",
+  StadiumInstall.ROM_DIR .. "/baserom.v64",
+}
+
+local function fs()
+  return love and love.filesystem
+end
+
+local function isFile(path)
+  local f = fs()
+  if not (f and f.getInfo) then return false end
+  local ok, info = pcall(f.getInfo, path, "file")
+  return (ok and info) and true or false
+end
+
+-- The ROM's path on the PhysFS read path, or nil.
+function StadiumInstall.romPath()
+  local f = fs()
+  if not f then return nil end
+  for _, path in ipairs(NAMED) do
+    if isFile(path) then return path end
+  end
+  local ok, items = pcall(f.getDirectoryItems, StadiumInstall.ROM_DIR)
+  if ok and items then
+    table.sort(items)
+    for _, name in ipairs(items) do
+      if name:lower():match("%.[nvz]64$") then
+        local path = StadiumInstall.ROM_DIR .. "/" .. name
+        if isFile(path) then return path end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  return nil
+end
+
+function StadiumInstall.romPresent()
+  return StadiumInstall.romPath() ~= nil
+end
+
+-- Where to tell the player to put it. The save directory is the answer that
+-- is always writable, and it is the one a packaged build needs.
+function StadiumInstall.romHint()
+  local f = fs()
+  local base = (f and f.getSaveDirectory and select(2, pcall(f.getSaveDirectory)))
+  if type(base) ~= "string" then base = "the game folder" end
+  return base .. "/" .. StadiumInstall.ROM_DIR
+end
+
+-- The same thing with a FILENAME on the end, which is what a player actually
+-- needs: a folder alone leaves them guessing what to call the file, and the
+-- guess is not obviously "baserom.z64".
+--
+-- Taken from the head of NAMED rather than retyped, so the name shown is by
+-- construction the first name looked for. It is not the ONLY one that works
+-- -- `.n64` and `.v64` are accepted, and so is any other name carrying one
+-- of those extensions -- but an instruction that names one file is one a
+-- player can follow, and an instruction that lists every possibility is one
+-- they have to interpret.
+function StadiumInstall.romHintFile()
+  return StadiumInstall.romHint() .. "/" .. (NAMED[1]:match("[^/]+$") or "")
+end
+
+-- ------- the marker
+
+local function readMarker()
+  local f = fs()
+  if not (f and isFile(StadiumInstall.MARKER)) then return nil end
+  local ok, text = pcall(f.read, StadiumInstall.MARKER)
+  if not (ok and type(text) == "string") then return nil end
+  local format, count, md5, rev = text:match("^(%S+)%s+(%d+)%s*(%S*)%s*(%S*)")
+  if not format then return nil end
+  return { format = format, count = tonumber(count), md5 = md5,
+           rev = tonumber(rev) }
+end
+
+-- Whether a complete, current set of packs is on disk.
+local readyCache = nil
+
+function StadiumInstall.ready()
+  if readyCache ~= nil then return readyCache end
+  local m = readMarker()
+  readyCache = (m ~= nil and m.format == StadiumInstall.FORMAT
+                and m.count == StadiumInstall.COUNT
+                and m.rev == StadiumInstall.REV) and true or false
+  return readyCache
+end
+
+-- Whether a complete set came WITH the mod folder -- a developer checkout
+-- that has run tools/stadium_pack.py. Never true of a released build, which
+-- carries no models at all.
+--
+-- Sampled at both ends of the dex rather than counted. The question being
+-- asked is "did somebody run the packer here", not "is every one of the 151
+-- present"; a genuinely half-written folder is a case for the marker file,
+-- which is what catches an interrupted RUNTIME build.
+local function shipped()
+  local mod = V.mod
+  if not (mod and mod.read) then return false end
+  for _, dex in ipairs({ 1, 151 }) do
+    local ok, bytes = pcall(mod.read, mod,
+                            ("%s/%03d.dsm"):format(StadiumPack.DIR, dex))
+    if not (ok and type(bytes) == "string" and #bytes > 4) then return false end
+  end
+  return true
+end
+
+-- Whether the STADIUM rungs can be offered at all: either the packs have been
+-- built from the player's ROM, or the mod folder already carries a set.
+function StadiumInstall.available()
+  if StadiumInstall.ready() then return true end
+  return shipped()
+end
+
+-- Whether there is work to do: something to build from, and nothing usable
+-- yet.
+--
+-- A checkout that already carries a set is NOT pending. Building anyway would
+-- be correct and would also mean a ten-second loading screen on the first run
+-- of every checkout, to arrive at the files that were already sitting there.
+function StadiumInstall.pending()
+  if StadiumInstall.available() then return false end
+  return StadiumInstall.romPresent()
+end
+
+function StadiumInstall.forget()
+  readyCache = nil
+end
+
+-- ------- building
+
+local job = nil
+local status = { state = "idle", done = 0, total = StadiumInstall.COUNT }
+
+StadiumInstall.status = status
+
+local function writePack(species, bytes)
+  local f = fs()
+  if not f then return false, "no filesystem" end
+  local ok, err = f.write(("%s/%03d.dsm"):format(StadiumInstall.DIR, species),
+                          bytes)
+  if not ok then return false, tostring(err) end
+  return true
+end
+
+-- Open the ROM found in `baseroms/` and start a stepped build. Returns false
+-- plus a reason when there is nothing to build from.
+function StadiumInstall.begin()
+  local f = fs()
+  if not f then return false, "no filesystem" end
+  local path = StadiumInstall.romPath()
+  if not path then return false, "no ROM in " .. StadiumInstall.ROM_DIR end
+
+  local okRead, bytes = pcall(f.read, path)
+  if not (okRead and type(bytes) == "string") then
+    return false, "could not read " .. path
+  end
+  return StadiumInstall.beginFrom(bytes, path)
+end
+
+-- The same, from bytes somebody else has already got hold of -- which is the
+-- IMPORTED path (StadiumRomPick), where the file is at an absolute location
+-- love.filesystem cannot see and was read with io.open.
+--
+-- The two entry points share everything from here down on purpose: an
+-- imported cartridge and a dropped one produce the same 151 files, the same
+-- marker and the same md5, so there is exactly one build in this mod and no
+-- second one to keep in step.
+--
+-- `label` is only ever used to say WHICH file a complaint is about.
+function StadiumInstall.beginFrom(bytes, label)
+  local f = fs()
+  if not f then return false, "no filesystem" end
+  if type(bytes) ~= "string" or #bytes == 0 then return false, "empty file" end
+
+  local StadiumRom = V.require("StadiumRom")
+  local StadiumBuild = V.require("StadiumBuild")
+  local rom, err = StadiumRom.open(bytes)
+  if not rom then return false, tostring(err) end
+  status.wrongVersion = false
+  if not rom:isExpectedUS() then
+    -- Built anyway rather than refused: a dump can differ from the reference
+    -- for reasons that do not move a single model offset (a byte-order
+    -- variant already normalised on load, a trimmed overdump). But every
+    -- offset in this reader was measured against US 1.0 and nothing else is
+    -- promised, so it is said loudly, with the md5 that IS expected so the
+    -- player can check their own file against it.
+    status.wrongVersion = true
+    V.mod.log:warn("stadium: %s is md5 %s -- the model offsets are keyed to "
+                   .. "Pokemon Stadium (US) 1.0, which is md5 %s. Building "
+                   .. "anyway, but the models may be wrong or fail to build.",
+                   tostring(label or "the ROM"), tostring(rom:md5()),
+                   tostring(StadiumRom.US_MD5))
+  end
+
+  -- ------- refuse a ROM with no models in it, BEFORE anything is written
+  --
+  -- A file picker invites the wrong file -- most obviously the Game Boy
+  -- cartridge the player already imported once -- and the reader's answer to
+  -- one is a model count of zero. That has to be caught HERE rather than
+  -- allowed to become an empty build, because an empty build is
+  -- indistinguishable from a finished one further down: `job.total` is
+  -- clamped to the count, `step` completes on the first call with nothing
+  -- attempted and therefore nothing FAILED, and the marker gets written
+  -- saying `DSM3 0`.
+  --
+  -- On a fresh machine that is merely a lie on the loading screen -- READY,
+  -- with no models. On one that already HAD them it is worse: the marker is
+  -- the only thing that makes 151 files on disk count as installed, so
+  -- overwriting it with a zero uninstalls a good set and the STADIUM rungs
+  -- vanish off the row. Nothing below this line runs for a file that cannot
+  -- possibly produce a build.
+  local models = rom:modelCount()
+  if not (models and models >= StadiumInstall.COUNT) then
+    return false, "needs Pokemon Stadium US 1.0"
+  end
+
+  pcall(f.createDirectory, StadiumInstall.DIR)
+  job = StadiumBuild.job(rom, writePack, StadiumInstall.COUNT)
+  job.md5 = rom:md5()
+  status.state = "building"
+  status.done = 0
+  status.total = job.total
+  status.error = nil
+  return true
+end
+
+-- One species. Returns true while there is more to do.
+function StadiumInstall.step()
+  if not job then return false end
+  local more = job:step()
+  status.done = job.done
+  status.species = job.species
+  if job.error then
+    status.state = "failed"
+    status.error = job.error
+    job = nil
+    return false
+  end
+  if not more then
+    local f = fs()
+    -- `job.total > 0` as well as "nothing failed", because a job with nothing
+    -- IN it satisfies the second on its own -- and the marker this writes is
+    -- what makes a set count as installed, so it must never be written for a
+    -- build that did not happen. beginFrom refuses such a ROM outright; this
+    -- is the same rule stated where the consequence is.
+    local wrote = #job.failed == 0 and job.total > 0
+    if wrote and f then
+      pcall(f.write, StadiumInstall.MARKER,
+            ("%s %d %s %d\n"):format(StadiumInstall.FORMAT, job.total,
+                                     tostring(job.md5 or ""),
+                                     StadiumInstall.REV))
+      readyCache = nil
+      StadiumPack.forget()
+    end
+    if not wrote then
+      status.state = "failed"
+      -- EVERY species failing is not a bad build, it is the wrong file: the
+      -- offsets the reader walks are Pokemon Stadium's, so a different game
+      -- -- or the Game Boy cartridge the player already imported once, which
+      -- is the mistake a file picker invites -- misses on all 151 rather than
+      -- on a few. Worth telling apart, because "0 of 151 models were built"
+      -- reads as a broken mod and this reads as a wrong click.
+      if #job.failed >= job.total then
+        status.error = "needs Pokemon Stadium US 1.0"
+      else
+        status.error = ("%d of %d models could not be built")
+                       :format(#job.failed, job.total)
+      end
+    else
+      status.state = "done"
+    end
+    job = nil
+    return false
+  end
+  return true
+end
+
+function StadiumInstall.cancel()
+  job = nil
+  status.state = "idle"
+end
+
+return StadiumInstall

lib/StadiumMon.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,529 @@
+-- STADIUM battles: one Pokemon, standing on its tile.
+--
+-- The side's live state -- which species is out, the rig posing it, which
+-- animation the fight has asked for and how far through it is, and the
+-- matrix that puts it on its cell at the right size facing the right way.
+-- Stadium owns the pair of these; StadiumRig owns the arithmetic.
+--
+-- ------- how big a Pokemon is
+--
+-- The one genuinely invented number in this mode, and it is worth saying
+-- why it is invented rather than measured.
+--
+-- The flat 2D-3D mode has an exact answer: a full-size 56-pixel pic covers
+-- one 16-pixel overworld square, so a canvas pixel is a fixed number of
+-- world pixels and every species comes out at whatever its own artwork's
+-- size implies (see BattleBillboard.FULL_W). The camera is then SOLVED to
+-- make one square that big on screen (BattleCam).
+--
+-- The Stadium models have no such anchor. Their units are the N64's, they
+-- run from Caterpie at 9 units to Gyarados at 147 -- a sixteenfold spread,
+-- where the Gen 1 pics span barely one and a half -- and the game they come
+-- from framed each one with its own camera, which a fight staged on the
+-- overworld cannot do because the two mons share a shot.
+--
+-- Taken literally, that spread puts Caterpie at a couple of pixels on a
+-- 144-pixel screen while Gyarados leaves the frame. So the range is
+-- COMPRESSED rather than either honoured or discarded: a species is drawn
+-- at REF_HEIGHT world pixels scaled by its own height over the set's
+-- median, raised to SQUASH. At 1 that would be the raw sixteenfold spread;
+-- at 0 every Pokemon would be the same size; at 0.55 the order and the
+-- feel of the differences survive -- Onix and Gyarados tower, Diglett and
+-- Caterpie are small enough to have to look for -- inside a range a shared
+-- frame can hold.
+--
+-- ------- and where its feet are
+--
+-- The pack measures each model's lowest point against its own origin
+-- (tools/stadium_pack.py's `stance`), and the answer splits the set in
+-- three. 119 species sit within 5% of zero: the origin IS the floor, and
+-- the game stood them on its field with it. A handful sit ABOVE it --
+-- Zubat, Magnemite, Geodude -- which is a hover the model is authored with.
+-- The rest hang BELOW it -- Tentacruel, Gastly, Haunter, Weezing, Zapdos --
+-- which is a model centred on its origin rather than standing on it.
+--
+-- So a model is stood on its own lowest point, and then given back as much
+-- of its authored hover as the shot can hold -- HOVER_CAP of its own height,
+-- no more. The middle group is unaffected either way, which is the check
+-- that the rule is reading the data rather than correcting it.
+--
+-- The cap is not tidiness. Stadium framed one Pokemon per camera and could
+-- afford to hang Zubat three body-heights off the floor; this shot has the
+-- foe's feet on GB row 56 of 144, so the same hover puts Zubat off the top
+-- of the frame entirely -- which is exactly what it did before the cap. The
+-- flat 2D-3D mode has the same constraint and answers it by bottom-aligning
+-- every pic, hovering species included; this keeps the hover but spends
+-- only the room there is.
+
+-- the mod namespace (see main.lua): V.require loads a sibling module
+local V = ...
+
+local Mat4 = V.require("Mat4")
+local StadiumPack = V.require("StadiumPack")
+local StadiumRig = V.require("StadiumRig")
+
+local StadiumMon = {}
+StadiumMon.__index = StadiumMon
+
+-- How tall a median Pokemon stands, in world pixels.
+--
+-- Not picked by eye: it is what the FLAT mode already puts on those cells.
+-- A full-size Gen 1 pic is 56 pixels for the foe and 64 for the player's
+-- own, drawn with its feet on GB rows 56 and 96 of a 144-row frame -- so a
+-- full-size mon covers 39% of the frame at the far cell and 44% at the near
+-- one. Against the lens BattleCam solves (about 38 world pixels of frame at
+-- the far cell, 30 at the near one, because the near one is closer) both of
+-- those work out at roughly fourteen world pixels.
+--
+-- So this is the number that makes a median Stadium model exactly as big as
+-- the artwork it replaces, which is what keeps the composition the camera
+-- was solved for.
+StadiumMon.REF_HEIGHT = 14
+
+-- The set's own median bind height, in game units (tools/stadium_pack.py
+-- --report prints it). Only ever a reference point for the ratio above, so
+-- a re-extraction that moved it slightly changes nothing but the middle of
+-- the ladder.
+StadiumMon.MEDIAN = 52.25
+
+-- How much of the raw size spread survives. See the header.
+StadiumMon.SQUASH = 0.5
+
+-- And hard stops either end, because a compression is not a guarantee. The
+-- ceiling is what keeps Onix and Gyarados inside a frame whose top edge is
+-- only 56 GB rows above the foe's own feet: past about this they stop being
+-- imposing and start being cropped.
+StadiumMon.MIN_HEIGHT = 5
+StadiumMon.MAX_HEIGHT = 18
+
+-- How much of an authored hover survives, as a fraction of the Pokemon's
+-- own height. See the header: Stadium could hang a flier three body-heights
+-- up because it framed one Pokemon at a time.
+StadiumMon.HOVER_CAP = 0.5
+
+-- The animation clock. Every animation in the set is authored at 30 fps
+-- (model_extract/README.md), and the eyes run on their own counter at the
+-- same rate.
+StadiumMon.FPS = StadiumPack.FPS
+
+-- ------- coming out of the ball
+--
+-- The engine grows its flat pic in the Game Boy's own three steps -- 0, then
+-- 3/7, then 5/7, then full -- across the twelve frames after the ball opens
+-- (BattleState.growInScale). Two things about that do not carry to a model.
+--
+-- It is three steps, which on a 56-pixel sprite is a chunky pop and on a
+-- smooth 3D model is just a pop. And it starts AFTER the ball: measured, the
+-- poof animation runs for 27 frames and `startGrowIn` fires on the frame
+-- after it ends, so the Pokemon does not begin to exist until the ball has
+-- finished opening -- which reads as the ball opening and then a Pokemon
+-- being switched on beside it.
+--
+-- So the model runs its own ramp, started when the POOF begins rather than
+-- when it ends, and continuous rather than stepped: it grows out of nothing
+-- while the ball is opening and reaches full size as the engine's own grow
+-- finishes. GROW_TIME is measured off that -- 27 frames of poof plus the
+-- engine's 12 of grow is 39, which is this.
+StadiumMon.GROW_TIME = 0.65
+
+-- How far an animation may carry the Pokemon off its tile, in the Pokemon's
+-- own body-heights, before the excess is taken back out (StadiumRig.anchor).
+--
+-- Measured against the frame rather than chosen by eye. A mon is drawn
+-- REF_HEIGHT world pixels tall and the GB frame holds about 38 world pixels
+-- at the far cell, with the foe's feet on row 56 of 144 -- so there is
+-- roughly one body-height of room above it and about one and a half either
+-- side. Three quarters of a height keeps every part of a travelling Pokemon
+-- inside that with a margin, and leaves the 83 species that never reach it
+-- untouched.
+StadiumMon.TRAVEL = 0.75
+
+-- ------- the animation the fight is asking for
+--
+-- Each entry says which context slot to look up, whether it loops, and
+-- what it falls back to when the species has no animation in that slot.
+-- ------- there is no hit reaction, and there never was
+--
+-- This used to carry `hit` and `flinch` states, played when damage landed,
+-- resolving through context slots 166 and 178. Both were wrong, and the data
+-- says so plainly once the move table is read alongside them:
+--
+--   Bulbasaur's slot 166 is a 95-frame animation that 66 of its moves play.
+--   Pidgey's is 138 frames -- four and a half seconds -- and 111 of its moves
+--   play it. Slot 178, and 173, 179, 180 and 181, all point at the same one.
+--
+-- A four-and-a-half-second animation that most of the move table uses is the
+-- species' DEFAULT ATTACK, not a flinch, which is why being hit looked like
+-- swinging: it literally was the swing.
+--
+-- Nor is the reaction hiding elsewhere. Exactly one animation per species is
+-- claimed by no slot and no move, and it is the same length as the idle for
+-- essentially every one of them -- 48/48, 56/56, 60/60, 84/84 -- so it is a
+-- second standby loop, not a recoil. The set has no damage reaction in it.
+--
+-- So damage plays nothing, and the Pokemon carries on with what it was doing.
+-- That is not a gap: the engine flashes the screen, blinks the pic and drains
+-- the bar, which is how Gen 1 says "that hurt" and is already in the frame.
+local STATES = {
+  idle = { slot = "idle", loop = true },
+  entrance = { slot = "entrance", loop = false, next = "idle" },
+  faint = { slot = "faint", loop = false, hold = true },
+  -- A move names its own animation out of the move table. `attack_default`
+  -- is the fallback for one the table has nothing for -- which is what slot
+  -- 166 actually is, so the generic swing is now a real swing rather than
+  -- the standby loop it used to resolve to.
+  attack = { slot = "attack_default", loop = false, next = "idle" },
+}
+
+function StadiumMon.new(side)
+  return setmetatable({
+    side = side,               -- "player" or "enemy"
+    species = nil,             -- the dex number currently modelled
+    model = nil,
+    rig = nil,
+    state = "idle",
+    anim = nil,                -- index into model.anims
+    time = 0,                  -- seconds into it
+    loop = true,
+    hold = false,
+    aux = nil,                 -- the texture animation running alongside
+    visible = false,
+    scale = 1,                 -- the send-out grow, 1 the rest of the time
+  }, StadiumMon)
+end
+
+function StadiumMon:release()
+  if self.rig then self.rig:release() end
+  self.rig, self.model, self.species = nil, nil, nil
+end
+
+-- ------- which species this side is showing
+--
+-- Returns true when the model is ready to draw. A species with no pack, one
+-- whose meshes would not build, or one whose animation data is corrupt at
+-- source answers false -- and Stadium then leaves that side to the flat
+-- card, which is a per-POKEMON decline rather than a per-battle one: a fight
+-- can perfectly well have a model on one side and a pic on the other.
+--
+-- ------- staticPose: the corrupt-idle escape hatch
+--
+-- StadiumBuild.idleIsBroken measures whether a species' standby loop throws
+-- bones off the body, and the pack carries the verdict as `staticPose`. A
+-- species so marked DECLINES here -- the Game Boy's own battle sprite
+-- stands on the tile instead, drawn by the same 2D-3D path every species
+-- uses when its model is unavailable -- because a bind pose held for a
+-- whole fight reads as broken, not as "this one does not animate".
+--
+-- No species is marked today. Exeggutor, Tangela and Magmar used to be:
+-- their animations are hermite keyframes (flags & 8), the extractor misread
+-- the flags byte and decoded them as packed streams, and the exploding
+-- result tripped the detector (Pidgeot and Dodrio were garbled by the same
+-- bug, just not hard enough to trip it). The detector stays, keyed on the
+-- DATA rather than a list of dex numbers, so a future extraction bug that
+-- corrupts a species' idle falls back to the sprite instead of coming
+-- apart on the field -- and nothing here has to be edited when it does.
+function StadiumMon:setSpecies(dex)
+  if dex == self.species then return self.rig ~= nil end
+  if self.rig then self.rig:release() end
+  self.rig, self.model, self.species = nil, nil, dex
+  self.grow, self.grewOwn = nil, nil
+  if not dex then return false end
+  local model = StadiumPack.load(dex)
+  if not model then return false end
+  if model.staticPose then return false end
+  local rig = StadiumRig.new(model)
+  if not rig then return false end
+  self.model, self.rig = model, rig
+  -- a new Pokemon on the field opens on its standby loop; whoever sent it
+  -- out asks for the entrance a moment later
+  self.state, self.anim, self.time = nil, nil, 0
+  self:play("idle")
+  return true
+end
+
+-- ------- the state machine
+
+-- Which animation a context slot resolves to for this species, or nil.
+function StadiumMon:slotAnim(name)
+  local model = self.model
+  local slot = model and StadiumPack.SLOT[name]
+  if not slot then return nil end
+  local index = model.ctx[slot]
+  if not index or index == StadiumPack.NONE then return nil end
+  return index + 1
+end
+
+-- Start a state. `animIndex` overrides the state's own slot lookup, which
+-- is what an attack uses.
+function StadiumMon:play(state, animIndex, auxIndex)
+  local model = self.model
+  if not model then return false end
+  local def = STATES[state] or STATES.idle
+  local index = animIndex
+  if not index and def.slot then index = self:slotAnim(def.slot) end
+  if not index and def.fallback then index = self:slotAnim(def.fallback) end
+  if not index then
+    -- the species has nothing for this; the standby loop is always there
+    if state == "idle" then index = 1 else return self:play("idle") end
+  end
+  local anim = model.anims[index]
+  if not anim then return false end
+
+  self.state, self.anim, self.time = state, index, 0
+  self.done = false
+  -- (a species whose animations are corrupt at source never gets this far:
+  -- setSpecies declines it outright and its flat pic stands instead)
+  self.loop = def.loop and true or false
+  self.hold = def.hold and true or false
+  -- The eyes that go with it. Every skeletal animation carries the texture
+  -- animation the battle table most often set alongside it (the pack's own
+  -- `aux`), and a move may name a different one -- a hit that leaves the
+  -- Pokemon confused swaps the open eye for the dizzy swirl.
+  self.aux = auxIndex or anim.aux
+  return true
+end
+
+-- Ask for a state, but never interrupt one that outranks it. A faint is
+-- final, and an entrance cannot be cut short by the standby loop it hands
+-- on to.
+local RANK = { idle = 0, entrance = 1, attack = 2, faint = 3 }
+
+function StadiumMon:request(state, animIndex, auxIndex)
+  if not self.model then return false end
+  local now = RANK[self.state] or 0
+  local want = RANK[state] or 0
+  if self.state == "faint" then return false end
+  -- an equal-ranked request RESTARTS: the second move of a two-hit turn
+  -- should swing again rather than be swallowed by the first
+  if want < now then return false end
+  return self:play(state, animIndex, auxIndex)
+end
+
+-- The animation a move plays for this species, from the battle system's own
+-- per-species table (model_extract's moves.json, packed into the .dsm).
+-- `moveIndex` is the Gen 1 move id, which the engine's move defs carry as
+-- `index` -- the same numbering, so no name mapping is needed.
+function StadiumMon:attack(moveIndex)
+  local model = self.model
+  if not (model and moveIndex and moveIndex >= 1
+          and moveIndex <= StadiumPack.N_MOVES) then
+    return false
+  end
+  local index = model.moveAnim[moveIndex]
+  if not index or index == StadiumPack.NONE then return false end
+  local aux = model.moveAux[moveIndex]
+  return self:request("attack", index + 1,
+                      (aux and aux >= 0) and (aux + 1) or nil)
+end
+
+-- ------- per frame
+
+function StadiumMon:update(dt)
+  -- kept for build(), which runs later in the same frame and needs it to
+  -- advance the anchor's filter (StadiumRig.anchor). Stashed before the
+  -- early-outs below, so a species with nothing to play still has one.
+  self.dt = dt or 0
+  -- the ball-to-full-size ramp, which runs whether or not there is an
+  -- animation to play alongside it
+  if self.grow then
+    self.grow = self.grow + (dt or 0) / StadiumMon.GROW_TIME
+    if self.grow >= 1 then self.grow = nil end
+  end
+  local model = self.model
+  if not (model and self.anim) then return end
+  local anim = model.anims[self.anim]
+  if not anim then return end
+  self.time = self.time + (dt or 0)
+  if self.time >= anim.seconds and not self.loop then
+    if self.hold then
+      -- a faint stays down: hold the last frame rather than snapping back
+      -- to a standing pose the moment the animation runs out
+      self.time = math.max(0, anim.seconds - 1 / StadiumMon.FPS)
+      -- and SAY so, once. The clamp above means the clock can no longer be
+      -- asked whether the animation is over -- it stops a frame short of the
+      -- end and stays there forever -- and something has to know, because a
+      -- collapse that has finished is the moment the Pokemon may leave the
+      -- field (see Stadium's onField).
+      self.done = true
+    else
+      local nextState = (STATES[self.state] or {}).next or "idle"
+      self:play(nextState)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+-- ------- the grow
+--
+-- Begin coming out of the ball. Answers whether it actually started, so the
+-- caller can play the entrance alongside it and the engine's own send-out
+-- seam a moment later does not restart what is already running.
+function StadiumMon:beginGrow()
+  if self.grow or not self.model then return false end
+  self.grow = 0
+  -- and remember that THIS arrival was ours to size, so the engine's own
+  -- three-step ramp is not consulted again for it. Ours starts earlier and
+  -- finishes a few frames sooner, and in that gap the engine's ramp still
+  -- reads 5/7 -- so falling back to it shrank the Pokemon from 0.96 back to
+  -- 0.71 and then snapped it to full, a visible hitch at the end of an
+  -- animation that exists to not have one.
+  self.grewOwn = true
+  return true
+end
+
+-- How big this Pokemon is drawn this frame, as a fraction of its real size.
+--
+-- Smoothstep rather than a straight ramp or an ease-out: the ball is opening
+-- for the first half of this, so a curve that is already near full size by
+-- then would have the Pokemon standing there while the ball is still coming
+-- apart. Slow, then quick through the middle, then settling exactly as the
+-- engine's own grow ends.
+function StadiumMon:growScale()
+  local t = self.grow
+  if not t then return 1 end
+  if t <= 0 then return 0 end
+  if t >= 1 then return 1 end
+  return t * t * (3 - 2 * t)
+end
+
+-- Whether a HELD animation -- which in practice means a faint -- has played
+-- all the way through and is now sitting on its last frame. Always false for
+-- a looping one, which never finishes, and for one that hands on to another
+-- state, which has already stopped being itself by the time anyone can ask.
+function StadiumMon:finished()
+  return self.done and true or false
+end
+
+-- How tall this species stands on the map, in world pixels.
+function StadiumMon:worldHeight()
+  local model = self.model
+  local h = model and model.height or 0
+  if not (h > 0) then return StadiumMon.REF_HEIGHT end
+  local k = (h / StadiumMon.MEDIAN) ^ StadiumMon.SQUASH
+  local out = StadiumMon.REF_HEIGHT * k
+  if out < StadiumMon.MIN_HEIGHT then out = StadiumMon.MIN_HEIGHT end
+  if out > StadiumMon.MAX_HEIGHT then out = StadiumMon.MAX_HEIGHT end
+  return out
+end
+
+-- How wide this Pokemon stands, in world pixels -- the same scale
+-- worldHeight is in, so a caller can size something to its footprint.
+--
+-- Only STADIUM B asks: it needs to know how big a platform to put under a
+-- mon, and "as tall as it is" is the wrong answer for a Snorlax, which is
+-- half as tall as an Onix and three times as wide.
+--
+-- The send-out grow is deliberately NOT folded in. A Pokemon scaling up out
+-- of its ball should arrive on a platform that was already there, not one
+-- that inflates under its feet.
+function StadiumMon:worldRadius()
+  local model = self.model
+  if not model then return 0 end
+  local h = model.height or 0
+  if not (h > 0) then return 0 end
+  return (model.radius or 0) * self:worldHeight() / h
+end
+
+-- The model matrix: stand this Pokemon on world (x, groundY, z) facing
+-- (faceX, faceZ), at whatever the send-out grow has done to its size.
+--
+-- The vertices the rig writes are in the model's RAW units -- before the
+-- model_root scale the game applies -- so the scale here carries that too,
+-- and the floor offset is measured in the same raw units on the way in.
+function StadiumMon:matrix(x, groundY, z, faceX, faceZ)
+  local model = self.model
+  if not model then return nil end
+  local root = model.rootScale
+  if not (root and root > 0) then root = 1 end
+  local k = root * self:worldHeight() / math.max(model.height, 1e-6)
+  k = k * (self.scale or 1)
+  -- stand it on its own lowest point, then give back as much of the
+  -- authored hover as the shot can hold (see the header)
+  local floor = model.floor or 0
+  local hover = math.min(math.max(floor, 0),
+                         StadiumMon.HOVER_CAP * math.max(model.height, 0))
+  local lift = (floor - hover) / root
+  local yaw = 0
+  if faceX and faceZ and (faceX ~= 0 or faceZ ~= 0) then
+    -- the card and the model share this convention: an unrotated model
+    -- faces +Z, which is map SOUTH, which is what "facing down" is in the
+    -- flat game (see Voxel3D's axis note)
+    yaw = math.atan2(faceX, faceZ)
+  end
+  self.yaw = yaw
+  return Mat4.mul(
+    Mat4.mul(Mat4.mul(Mat4.translate(x, groundY, z), Mat4.rotateY(yaw)),
+             Mat4.scale(k, k, k)),
+    Mat4.translate(0, -lift, 0))
+end
+
+-- How far this Pokemon's LOWEST rendered point stands above the ground it
+-- is placed on, in world pixels -- the authored hover the matrix above
+-- gives back, actually applied.
+--
+-- Derived by repeating that matrix's own arithmetic rather than by
+-- re-deriving it in closed form: root scale, the model's floor and the
+-- hover cap interact in a way that is easy to get subtly wrong, and a
+-- caller that guessed would place things at the feet of a Pokemon that is
+-- flying. Which is exactly what a Pidgey does -- it renders a good third
+-- of its own height clear of its tile, and anything aimed at its cell
+-- mark lands under it.
+function StadiumMon:groundGap()
+  local centre, half = self:bodySpan()
+  if centre then return math.max(0, centre - half) end
+  return 0
+end
+
+-- Where this Pokemon's body actually SITS above the ground it is placed
+-- on, and how big it is: the centre height, the half height and the
+-- girth, all in world pixels.
+--
+-- Measured off the POSED vertices (StadiumRig:posedBounds) and put
+-- through this matrix's own scale and lift, so the answer is the shape
+-- the camera is about to see. That matters most for the species it is
+-- hardest to guess about: a Pidgey's standby animation flies it well
+-- clear of its tile, and anything aimed at its cell mark -- a capture
+-- ring, a thrown ball's collision -- lands under an empty patch of grass
+-- while the bird hovers above it. Nothing static says so; only the pose
+-- does.
+--
+-- nil before the first skin(), or with no rig: the caller falls back to
+-- the bind-pose height, which is right for everything that stands.
+function StadiumMon:bodySpan()
+  local model, rig = self.model, self.rig
+  if not (model and rig and rig.posedBounds) then return nil end
+  local okB, lo, hi, girth = pcall(rig.posedBounds, rig)
+  if not (okB and lo) then return nil end
+  local root = model.rootScale
+  if not (root and root > 0) then root = 1 end
+  local k = root * self:worldHeight() / math.max(model.height, 1e-6)
+  k = k * (self.scale or 1)
+  local floor = model.floor or 0
+  local hover = math.min(math.max(floor, 0),
+                         StadiumMon.HOVER_CAP * math.max(model.height, 0))
+  local lift = (floor - hover) / root
+  -- the same map the model matrix applies: world = k * (posed - lift)
+  return k * ((lo + hi) * 0.5 - lift), k * (hi - lo) * 0.5, k * (girth or 0)
+end
+
+-- Pose and skin for this frame. Separate from the draw because both the
+-- SUN and the camera -- and, in a headset, both eyes -- want the same
+-- skinned mesh, and skinning it once is the whole reason this is worth
+-- doing on the CPU.
+function StadiumMon:build()
+  if not (self.rig and self.model) then return false end
+  -- self.anim is nil while a species has nothing to play, and pose() reads
+  -- that as "the bind pose", which is exactly what is wanted
+  self.rig:pose(self.anim, self.time * StadiumMon.FPS, self.loop)
+  -- and then back onto the tile, because these animations were authored for
+  -- a camera that followed the Pokemon and this one does not move (see
+  -- StadiumRig.anchor)
+  self.rig:anchor(StadiumMon.TRAVEL, self.dt)
+  self.rig:skin(self.yaw or 0)
+  -- no clock of its own: the texture animation rides the frame pose() just
+  -- resolved, which is what keeps a blink inside its standby loop and a
+  -- fainted Pokemon's eyes shut once it has stopped moving
+  self.rig:textures(self.aux)
+  return true
+end
+
+return StadiumMon

lib/StadiumPack.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,595 @@
+-- STADIUM battles: reading one species' model off disk.
+--
+-- `NNN.dsm` holds one Pokemon Stadium battle model. It is written by
+-- StadiumBuild, out of the player's own copy of that ROM, the first time the
+-- mod runs (see StadiumInstall) -- and by tools/stadium_pack.py, which is the
+-- oracle that Lua path is tested against. This file is the other half of that
+-- format and nothing else: bytes in, tables out. What the tables MEAN is
+-- StadiumRig's business (posing a skeleton) and StadiumMon's (which animation
+-- a fight is asking for).
+--
+-- Three things shape it.
+--
+-- BINARY, NOT LUA. A species is a couple of hundred kilobytes of numbers,
+-- most of it animation, and a Lua source file of that is a parse the loader
+-- would pay for on every boot whether a battle happened or not. A byte
+-- string is read once, on the frame a fight starts, and only for the two
+-- species actually fighting.
+--
+-- LAZY ANIMATIONS. Geometry, bones and textures are decoded on load --
+-- they are small, and every one of them is needed the moment the mon
+-- appears. The animations are not: a fight uses idle, an entrance and
+-- whichever handful of attacks come up, out of the seven to twenty-one a
+-- species carries. So the load pass SCANS the animation block, recording
+-- where each one starts and skipping the rest, and a track is decoded the
+-- first time something plays it. That turns a 200 KB decode into a 20 KB
+-- one plus a few milliseconds spread over the fight.
+--
+-- AN LRU OF FOUR. A model is shared by everything that draws that species
+-- -- both sides of a mirror match, both VR eyes -- and kept for a few
+-- battles after, because the next fight on the same route is very often
+-- the same Pokemon. Four is enough for a wild fight (two) plus the
+-- trainer's next two, and it bounds what the mode can hold to a few
+-- megabytes.
+--
+-- Everything is pcall-guarded and every failure answers nil: a missing
+-- pack, a truncated file or a driver that will not make an image all end
+-- at the same place, which is the flat 2D-3D card this mode falls back to
+-- (see Stadium).
+
+-- the mod namespace (see main.lua): V.require loads a sibling module
+local V = ...
+
+local StadiumPack = {}
+
+local byte = string.byte
+local floor = math.floor
+
+-- ------- where a pack comes from
+--
+-- Two places, asked in this order.
+--
+-- CACHE_DIR is in the save directory and is what actually ships: the mod
+-- carries no models (they are Pokemon Stadium's data), so StadiumInstall
+-- builds them out of the player's own ROM on first run and writes them here.
+--
+-- DIR is inside the mod, and exists for a developer checkout that has run
+-- tools/stadium_pack.py -- which is also how the oracle the Lua extractor is
+-- tested against gets built. It is second because a locally built CURRENT
+-- cache should win over whatever a checkout happens to have lying around --
+-- current as judged by StadiumInstall's marker, so a cache an old extractor
+-- built does not shadow a fresh set (see readPack).
+StadiumPack.CACHE_DIR = "dramatic_shape/stadium"
+StadiumPack.DIR = "assets/stadium"
+
+local function readPack(species)
+  -- The cache only counts when StadiumInstall's marker says it is a
+  -- complete, CURRENT build -- an old cache (a rev the extractor has since
+  -- fixed, a format that moved) must not shadow a fresh shipped set, and a
+  -- half-written folder must not be read at all. Required lazily: Install
+  -- requires this module at load, so the reverse edge cannot be taken then.
+  local rel = ("%s/%03d.dsm"):format(StadiumPack.CACHE_DIR, species)
+  if love and love.filesystem and love.filesystem.getInfo
+     and V.require("StadiumInstall").ready() then
+    local okInfo, info = pcall(love.filesystem.getInfo, rel, "file")
+    if okInfo and info then
+      local ok, bytes = pcall(love.filesystem.read, rel)
+      if ok and type(bytes) == "string" and #bytes > 4 then return bytes end
+    end
+  end
+  local mod = V.mod
+  if not (mod and mod.read) then return nil end
+  local ok, bytes = pcall(mod.read, mod,
+                          ("%s/%03d.dsm"):format(StadiumPack.DIR, species))
+  if ok and type(bytes) == "string" and #bytes > 4 then return bytes end
+  return nil
+end
+
+-- The battle system's context slots, in the order tools/stadium_pack.py
+-- writes them -- slot 165 upward (see model_extract/manifest.json's
+-- animationSlots). Indexed by POSITION, so this list is the format's
+-- contract and the packer's CONTEXTS must stay identical to it.
+-- Position 2 was called "hit" until the move table was read against it: it
+-- is the animation most of a species' MOVES play, which makes it the default
+-- attack and not a damage reaction (see StadiumMon's STATES). The slot TABLE
+-- is indexed by position, but the name also reaches the packed files: the
+-- packers bake it into the animation NAME strings, so it has to match
+-- tools/stadium_pack.py's CONTEXTS *and* pipeline/battle.py's CONTEXT_SLOTS,
+-- or the oracle diff reports every species.
+StadiumPack.CONTEXT = {
+  "idle", "attack_default", "faint", "entrance", "reaction_169", "reaction_170",
+  "reaction_171", "reaction_172", "reaction_173", "reaction_174",
+  "struggle", "idle_alt", "faint_alt", "flinch", "reaction_179",
+  "reaction_180", "reaction_181", "reaction_182", "entrance_alt",
+  "idle_return",
+}
+
+-- name -> slot position, for callers that ask by name
+StadiumPack.SLOT = {}
+for i, name in ipairs(StadiumPack.CONTEXT) do StadiumPack.SLOT[name] = i end
+
+StadiumPack.N_MOVES = 165
+StadiumPack.NONE = 0xFFFF
+
+-- The frame rate every animation in the set is authored at
+-- (model_extract/README.md: keyframe times are frame / 30).
+StadiumPack.FPS = 30
+
+-- ------- readers
+--
+-- One cursor threaded through by hand rather than an object: this runs over
+-- a couple of hundred thousand values on the frame a battle starts, and a
+-- method call per value is the difference between a hitch and no hitch.
+
+local function u8(s, p) return byte(s, p), p + 1 end
+
+local function u16(s, p)
+  local a, b = byte(s, p, p + 1)
+  return a + b * 256, p + 2
+end
+
+local function i16(s, p)
+  local a, b = byte(s, p, p + 1)
+  local v = a + b * 256
+  if v >= 32768 then v = v - 65536 end
+  return v, p + 2
+end
+
+local function u32(s, p)
+  local a, b, c, d = byte(s, p, p + 3)
+  return a + b * 256 + c * 65536 + d * 16777216, p + 4
+end
+
+local function i32(s, p)
+  local v
+  v, p = u32(s, p)
+  if v >= 2147483648 then v = v - 4294967296 end
+  return v, p
+end
+
+-- IEEE 754 single, by hand. LOVE has love.data.unpack, but this file reads
+-- exactly four floats per model (the header's extents) and a hand decode
+-- costs nothing while removing a version floor from the mod's whole
+-- STADIUM path.
+local function f32(s, p)
+  local b1, b2, b3, b4 = byte(s, p, p + 3)
+  local sign = 1
+  if b4 >= 128 then sign, b4 = -1, b4 - 128 end
+  local expo = b4 * 2 + floor(b3 / 128)
+  local mant = (b3 % 128) * 65536 + b2 * 256 + b1
+  if expo == 255 then
+    if mant == 0 then return sign * math.huge, p + 4 end
+    return 0, p + 4
+  end
+  if expo == 0 then return sign * mant * 2 ^ -149, p + 4 end
+  return sign * (1 + mant / 8388608) * 2 ^ (expo - 127), p + 4
+end
+
+-- 16.16 fixed point, which is how bone scales are stored (they run from
+-- about -31 to 100 across the set and a float would cost twice the bytes
+-- for precision nothing can see).
+local function fixed(s, p)
+  local v
+  v, p = i32(s, p)
+  return v / 65536, p
+end
+
+-- ------- the load
+
+local function readHeader(s, p, model)
+  model.species, p = u16(s, p)
+  model.boneCount, p = u16(s, p)
+  model.primCount, p = u16(s, p)
+  model.texCount, p = u16(s, p)
+  model.animCount, p = u16(s, p)
+  model.auxCount, p = u16(s, p)
+  model.rootScale, p = f32(s, p)
+  -- a species whose standby loop is corrupt in the source extraction, and
+  -- which the mod therefore holds at its bind pose (see the packer's
+  -- idle_is_broken). Three of the 151.
+  local static
+  static, p = u8(s, p)
+  model.staticPose = static ~= 0
+  model.height, p = f32(s, p)
+  model.floor, p = f32(s, p)
+  model.radius, p = f32(s, p)
+
+  local moveAnim, moveAux, ctx = {}, {}, {}
+  for i = 1, StadiumPack.N_MOVES do moveAnim[i], p = u16(s, p) end
+  for i = 1, StadiumPack.N_MOVES do moveAux[i], p = i16(s, p) end
+  for i = 1, #StadiumPack.CONTEXT do ctx[i], p = u16(s, p) end
+  model.moveAnim, model.moveAux, model.ctx = moveAnim, moveAux, ctx
+  return p
+end
+
+-- The bone tree, as flat parallel arrays: a rig walk touches every bone
+-- every frame and an array of little tables would be a cache miss per bone
+-- and a table per bone to collect.
+local function readBones(s, p, model)
+  local n = model.boneCount
+  local parent, t, r, sc = {}, {}, {}, {}
+  for i = 1, n do
+    -- 0-based in the file, 1-based here, and 0 for "no parent" so the rig's
+    -- walk can test it without a sentinel comparison
+    local par
+    par, p = i16(s, p)
+    parent[i] = par + 1
+    local b = (i - 1) * 3
+    t[b + 1], p = i16(s, p)
+    t[b + 2], p = i16(s, p)
+    t[b + 3], p = i16(s, p)
+    r[b + 1], p = i16(s, p)
+    r[b + 2], p = i16(s, p)
+    r[b + 3], p = i16(s, p)
+    sc[b + 1], p = fixed(s, p)
+    sc[b + 2], p = fixed(s, p)
+    sc[b + 3], p = fixed(s, p)
+  end
+  model.parent, model.restT, model.restR, model.restS = parent, t, r, sc
+  return p
+end
+
+-- One drawable piece: the triangles that share a texture and a cull mode.
+--
+-- Positions and normals stay in BONE-LOCAL space, exactly as the display
+-- list had them, because that is what makes the skinning a single matrix
+-- multiply per vertex (every vertex in the set is rigidly bound to one bone
+-- -- see model_extract/README.md) rather than a weighted blend.
+local function readPrims(s, p, model)
+  local prims = {}
+  for i = 1, model.primCount do
+    local prim = {}
+    prim.tex, p = u16(s, p)
+    prim.tex = prim.tex + 1
+    local cull, blend
+    cull, p = u8(s, p)
+    blend, p = u8(s, p)
+    prim.cull = cull ~= 0
+    prim.additive = blend ~= 0
+    prim.texAnim, p = i16(s, p)
+
+    -- the texture-animation channel's value -> which texture to swap in.
+    -- Keyed by the stream's own byte, so the rig can look one up without
+    -- searching.
+    local mapN
+    mapN, p = u8(s, p)
+    if mapN > 0 then
+      local map = {}
+      for _ = 1, mapN do
+        local key, tex
+        key, p = u8(s, p)
+        tex, p = u16(s, p)
+        map[key] = tex + 1
+      end
+      prim.texMap = map
+    end
+
+    local fxN
+    fxN, p = u16(s, p)
+    if fxN > 0 then
+      local frames = {}
+      for k = 1, fxN do
+        frames[k], p = u16(s, p)
+        frames[k] = frames[k] + 1
+      end
+      prim.fxFrames = frames
+    end
+
+    local nv, ni
+    nv, p = u16(s, p)
+    ni, p = u16(s, p)
+    prim.vertCount, prim.indexCount = nv, ni
+
+    -- five arrays rather than one array of vertices, for the same reason
+    -- the bones are flat: the skinning loop reads them in step and writes
+    -- one LOVE vertex row out
+    local px, py, pz = {}, {}, {}
+    local uv = {}
+    local nx, ny, nz = {}, {}, {}
+    local bone = {}
+    for k = 1, nv do
+      px[k], p = i16(s, p)
+      py[k], p = i16(s, p)
+      pz[k], p = i16(s, p)
+      local u, v
+      u, p = i16(s, p)
+      v, p = i16(s, p)
+      uv[k * 2 - 1], uv[k * 2] = u / 512, v / 512
+      local a, b, c
+      a, p = u8(s, p)
+      b, p = u8(s, p)
+      c, p = u8(s, p)
+      if a >= 128 then a = a - 256 end
+      if b >= 128 then b = b - 256 end
+      if c >= 128 then c = c - 256 end
+      nx[k], ny[k], nz[k] = a / 127, b / 127, c / 127
+      bone[k], p = u8(s, p)
+      bone[k] = bone[k] + 1
+    end
+    prim.px, prim.py, prim.pz = px, py, pz
+    prim.uv = uv
+    prim.nx, prim.ny, prim.nz = nx, ny, nz
+    prim.bone = bone
+
+    local idx = {}
+    for k = 1, ni do
+      idx[k], p = u16(s, p)
+      idx[k] = idx[k] + 1
+    end
+    prim.index = idx
+    prims[i] = prim
+  end
+  model.prims = prims
+  return p
+end
+
+-- The textures, kept as the raw RGBA8 they arrived as and turned into
+-- images on first use. A species carries every frame of every blink and
+-- every dizzy swirl; a fight that never shows one should not pay to
+-- upload it.
+--
+-- Raw rather than PNG, which is what DSM3 changed: an ImageData over these
+-- bytes is a memcpy where a PNG is a decode on the frame a battle starts,
+-- and -- the reason it was actually done -- uncompressed pixels are the same
+-- pixels whichever side wrote them, so the Lua extractor's output can be
+-- diffed against the Python packer's byte for byte. Two deflate
+-- implementations need not agree; two arrays of pixels do.
+local function readTextures(s, p, model)
+  local tex = {}
+  for i = 1, model.texCount do
+    local w, h, len
+    w, p = u16(s, p)
+    h, p = u16(s, p)
+    len, p = u32(s, p)
+    tex[i] = { w = w, h = h, rgba = s:sub(p, p + len - 1) }
+    p = p + len
+  end
+  model.textures = tex
+  return p
+end
+
+-- How many bytes one animation's track block occupies, without decoding
+-- any of it. This is the scan that makes lazy animations possible: nine
+-- components a bone, each either one value or one a frame, and the only
+-- thing that has to be READ is the byte that says which.
+local COMP_BYTES = { 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 4 }   -- t t t r r r s s s
+
+local function skipTracks(s, p, boneCount, frames)
+  for _ = 1, boneCount do
+    local present
+    present, p = u8(s, p)
+    if present ~= 0 then
+      for c = 1, 9 do
+        local kind
+        kind, p = u8(s, p)
+        p = p + COMP_BYTES[c] * (kind == 0 and 1 or frames)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  return p
+end
+
+local function readAnims(s, p, model)
+  local anims = {}
+  for i = 1, model.animCount do
+    local len
+    len, p = u8(s, p)
+    local name = s:sub(p, p + len - 1)
+    p = p + len
+    local frames, loopStart, aux
+    frames, p = u16(s, p)
+    loopStart, p = u16(s, p)
+    aux, p = i16(s, p)
+    anims[i] = {
+      name = name, frames = frames, loopStart = loopStart,
+      aux = aux >= 0 and (aux + 1) or nil,
+      seconds = frames / StadiumPack.FPS,
+      offset = p,                    -- where its tracks start; decoded later
+    }
+    p = skipTracks(s, p, model.boneCount, frames)
+  end
+  model.anims = anims
+  return p
+end
+
+local function readAux(s, p, model)
+  local aux = {}
+  for i = 1, model.auxCount do
+    local frames, loopStart, chanN
+    frames, p = u16(s, p)
+    loopStart, p = u16(s, p)
+    chanN, p = u16(s, p)
+    local chans = {}
+    for c = 1, chanN do
+      local n
+      n, p = u16(s, p)
+      local stream = {}
+      for k = 1, n do stream[k], p = u16(s, p) end
+      chans[c] = stream
+    end
+    aux[i] = { frames = frames, loopStart = loopStart, channels = chans }
+  end
+  model.auxAnims = aux
+  return p
+end
+
+-- ------- a track block, decoded on demand
+--
+-- The shape a pose walk wants: `tracks[bone]` is either nil (this bone
+-- holds its rest transform for the whole animation) or nine entries, each
+-- either a number (constant) or an array of one value per frame.
+--
+-- That fold is the source data's own, not something imposed here: a bone
+-- that only rotates costs two bytes for each of its six other components,
+-- and across the 151 species it is most of the reason the whole set is 24
+-- megabytes rather than a hundred.
+function StadiumPack.tracks(model, index)
+  local anim = model.anims and model.anims[index]
+  if not anim then return nil end
+  if anim.tracks then return anim.tracks end
+  local s, p = model.bytes, anim.offset
+  if not (s and p) then return nil end
+  local frames = anim.frames
+  local out = {}
+  for b = 1, model.boneCount do
+    local present
+    present, p = u8(s, p)
+    if present ~= 0 then
+      local comps = {}
+      for c = 1, 9 do
+        local kind
+        kind, p = u8(s, p)
+        local read = (c >= 7) and fixed or i16
+        if kind == 0 then
+          comps[c], p = read(s, p)
+        else
+          local arr = {}
+          for k = 1, frames do arr[k], p = read(s, p) end
+          comps[c] = arr
+        end
+      end
+      out[b] = comps
+    end
+  end
+  anim.tracks = out
+  return out
+end
+
+-- One texture as a LOVE image, decoded on first ask.
+function StadiumPack.image(model, index)
+  local slot = model.textures and model.textures[index]
+  if not slot then return nil end
+  if slot.image ~= nil then return slot.image or nil end
+  local ok, img = pcall(function()
+    local data = love.image.newImageData(slot.w, slot.h, "rgba8", slot.rgba)
+    local image = love.graphics.newImage(data)
+    -- N64 art at N64 resolution: nearest keeps the texels the size the
+    -- artist drew them, exactly as every other texture in this mode
+    image:setFilter("nearest", "nearest")
+    return image
+  end)
+  slot.image = (ok and img) or false
+  return slot.image or nil
+end
+
+-- ------- the cache
+
+local cache = {}          -- species -> model
+local order = {}          -- species, least recently used first
+StadiumPack.KEEP = 4
+
+local function touch(species)
+  for i = #order, 1, -1 do
+    if order[i] == species then table.remove(order, i) end
+  end
+  order[#order + 1] = species
+  while #order > StadiumPack.KEEP do
+    local drop = table.remove(order, 1)
+    local model = cache[drop]
+    cache[drop] = nil
+    if model and model.textures then
+      for _, slot in ipairs(model.textures) do
+        if slot.image and slot.image.release then
+          pcall(slot.image.release, slot.image)
+        end
+        -- CLEARED, not just released. A released Image is still a truthy
+        -- value, and `image()` below hands back whatever is in this field
+        -- without looking at it -- so leaving the corpse here meant the next
+        -- ask returned a dead object, which reached mesh:setTexture and threw
+        -- "Cannot use object after it has been released" from inside the
+        -- scene pass. Nil means the next ask decodes it again, which is the
+        -- whole point of the slot being lazy.
+        slot.image = nil
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+-- Say that this species is IN USE, so the cache does not evict it.
+--
+-- The eviction order above is a least-recently-LOADED list, not a
+-- least-recently-used one: `touch` runs from `load`, and `load` is only
+-- reached when a side's species CHANGES (StadiumMon.setSpecies returns early
+-- otherwise). A Pokemon that stands on the field for several turns therefore
+-- never refreshes its position, drifts to the front of the queue, and is
+-- evicted -- its textures released -- while it is still being drawn sixty
+-- times a second. That is what a fifth species entering a battle did: call
+-- out a Clefairy and whatever had been standing longest lost its textures
+-- mid-fight.
+--
+-- So the mode says, every frame, which two species are actually standing
+-- there (see Stadium.update). With KEEP at 4 and two sides, the two in use
+-- are always the two most recent and cannot reach the front of the queue.
+function StadiumPack.keep(species)
+  if species and cache[species] then touch(species) end
+end
+
+-- Whether a pack for this species is on disk at all. Cheap enough to ask
+-- before a battle commits to the mode, and the honest test: a mod
+-- installed without its assets folder must decline rather than error.
+function StadiumPack.available(species)
+  if cache[species] then return true end
+  return readPack(species) ~= nil
+end
+
+-- The model for a National Dex number (1..151), or nil.
+function StadiumPack.load(species)
+  if not (species and species >= 1 and species <= 151) then return nil end
+  local hit = cache[species]
+  if hit ~= nil then
+    touch(species)
+    return hit or nil
+  end
+
+  local bytes = readPack(species)
+  if not bytes then
+    cache[species] = false
+    return nil
+  end
+
+  local ok, model = pcall(function()
+    if bytes:sub(1, 4) ~= "DSM3" then
+      error("not a DSM3 pack -- delete it and let the mod rebuild it", 0)
+    end
+    local m = { bytes = bytes }
+    local p = 5
+    p = readHeader(bytes, p, m)
+    p = readBones(bytes, p, m)
+    p = readPrims(bytes, p, m)
+    p = readTextures(bytes, p, m)
+    p = readAnims(bytes, p, m)
+    readAux(bytes, p, m)
+    return m
+  end)
+  if not ok then
+    V.mod.log:warn("stadium: %03d.dsm did not read: %s -- that Pokemon "
+                   .. "falls back to its flat pic", species, tostring(model))
+    cache[species] = false
+    return nil
+  end
+
+  cache[species] = model
+  touch(species)
+  return model
+end
+
+-- Drop everything (hot reload, or a graphics context that went away).
+function StadiumPack.invalidate()
+  for _, model in pairs(cache) do
+    if model and model.textures then
+      for _, slot in ipairs(model.textures) do
+        if slot.image and slot.image.release then
+          pcall(slot.image.release, slot.image)
+        end
+        slot.image = nil
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+function StadiumPack.forget()
+  StadiumPack.invalidate()
+  cache, order = {}, {}
+end
+
+return StadiumPack

lib/StadiumRig.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,864 @@
+-- STADIUM battles: posing a skeleton and skinning it, on the CPU.
+--
+-- One instance of this is one Pokemon standing on the map -- the meshes it
+-- draws through and the scratch space its pose is computed in. The MODEL
+-- (geometry, bones, animations, textures) is shared and read-only; this is
+-- everything about it that is per-Pokemon and changes every frame.
+--
+-- ------- why the CPU
+--
+-- Because these models are tiny and the mod's shader already exists. A
+-- battle model is 674 vertices on average and 1311 at the worst, of which
+-- exactly two are on screen at a time -- so skinning them by hand costs
+-- about two thousand vertex transforms a frame, which is less than the
+-- grass pass does on an empty route. What it buys is that the finished
+-- vertices go into Voxel3D's OWN vertex format, through Voxel3D's OWN
+-- shader, and therefore get every single thing the rest of the diorama
+-- gets for free: the depth buffer decides what is in front of what, the
+-- sun pass throws a real shadow of the actual pose, the hour's tint lands
+-- on it, the hit flash flattens it, and the tilt-shift and the
+-- depth-of-field see it as part of the picture. A GPU skinning path would
+-- have needed a second shader that then had to re-implement all of that,
+-- and a second shadow shader beside it.
+--
+-- It is also what makes the FORMAT work. Every vertex in the Stadium set is
+-- rigidly bound to ONE bone with weight 1 (model_extract/README.md), so
+-- skinning is a single matrix multiply per vertex with no blend -- and the
+-- per-vertex `shade` Voxel3D wants, which no glTF has, is computed here
+-- from the bone-local normal.
+--
+-- ------- the two matrix chains
+--
+-- The game keeps bone scale OUT of the matrix chain (func_800143C0): scale
+-- accumulates in its own stack, a bone's local translation is
+-- pre-multiplied by its parent's accumulated scale, and a bone's own
+-- accumulated scale is applied to the finished matrix only at draw time.
+-- glTF cannot express that -- its node scale propagates to children -- and
+-- the reference export works around it by splitting every bone into two
+-- nodes.
+--
+-- Here it falls out naturally, as two arrays:
+--
+--   pivot   rotation and translation only. This is what a CHILD inherits,
+--           and it is a pure rotation, which is also why the normals are
+--           transformed with it rather than with the draw matrix.
+--   draw    the same matrix with the bone's accumulated scale applied on
+--           the right, which is the one vertices go through.
+--
+-- Folding the scale into the chain instead is the obvious mistake and it
+-- applies every ancestor's scale once per generation. It is caught by the
+-- suite: tools/stadium_pack.py measures the bind pose with this exact walk
+-- and its answer matches the verified glTF export on all 151 species.
+
+-- the mod namespace (see main.lua): V.require loads a sibling module
+local V = ...
+
+local Voxel3D = V.require("Voxel3D")
+local StadiumPack = V.require("StadiumPack")
+
+local StadiumRig = {}
+StadiumRig.__index = StadiumRig
+
+local sin, cos, floor = math.sin, math.cos, math.floor
+
+-- binary angle (32768 = pi) to radians
+local ANG = math.pi / 32768
+
+-- ------- how a surface is lit
+--
+-- Voxel3D shades a face by its DIRECTION rather than by a light uniform:
+-- every terrain and character mesh in this mode carries a per-vertex
+-- `shade` baked from which way its face points, and the shadow map
+-- multiplies on top of that (see Voxel3D.FACE_SHADE). A skinned model has
+-- no fixed faces to bake, so the same answer is computed per vertex from
+-- the posed normal -- and these four numbers are FACE_SHADE's own six
+-- values, fitted:
+--
+--     +Y up 1.00   -Y down 0.55   +X east 0.84   -X west 0.72
+--     +Z south 0.90   -Z north 0.68
+--
+-- so a Pokemon's flank catches the same southeastern sun the roof of the
+-- house behind it does, and the two read as being in one picture.
+local SHADE_BASE = 0.7725
+local SHADE_X = 0.06
+local SHADE_Y = 0.225
+local SHADE_Z = 0.11
+
+-- ------- an instance
+
+-- `model` is a StadiumPack model. Returns nil where meshes cannot be made,
+-- which is the same "no 3D" answer every other GPU object in this mod gives.
+function StadiumRig.new(model)
+  if not (model and model.prims) then return nil end
+  if not (love.graphics and love.graphics.newMesh) then return nil end
+
+  local self = setmetatable({
+    model = model,
+    -- The two chains, flat: twelve numbers a bone, row-major 3x4.
+    --
+    -- Named with the M rather than `pivot` and `draw` because an instance
+    -- field called `draw` shadows the DRAW METHOD through __index, and the
+    -- failure that causes is a nasty one: the shadow pass calls caster()
+    -- and keeps working, so a Pokemon casts a perfect animated shadow onto
+    -- ground it is not standing on.
+    pivotM = {},
+    drawM = {},
+    -- the accumulated scale, which is the third thing the game's own walk
+    -- carries and neither matrix can hold
+    accX = {}, accY = {}, accZ = {},
+    parts = {},
+    -- what the pose walk last answered, so a frame that neither moved the
+    -- animation nor turned the model can skip the whole thing
+    poseKey = nil,
+    -- scratch for the body-centre estimate (see anchor), kept on the rig so
+    -- a per-frame measurement allocates nothing
+    cx = {}, cy = {}, cz = {},
+  }, StadiumRig)
+
+  -- One mesh per primitive: a primitive is already "the triangles sharing
+  -- one texture", which is exactly one draw call's worth.
+  --
+  -- "dynamic" rather than "static": every vertex is rewritten every frame
+  -- the pose changes, which is what the usage hint exists to say.
+  for i, prim in ipairs(model.prims) do
+    local rows = {}
+    local uv = prim.uv
+    for k = 1, prim.vertCount do
+      -- position and shade are filled by skin(); the texture coordinates
+      -- never change, so they are written once here
+      rows[k] = { 0, 0, 0, uv[k * 2 - 1], uv[k * 2], 1 }
+    end
+    local ok, mesh = pcall(love.graphics.newMesh, Voxel3D.FORMAT, rows,
+                           "triangles", "dynamic")
+    if not ok then return nil end
+    pcall(mesh.setVertexMap, mesh, prim.index)
+    self.parts[i] = { mesh = mesh, rows = rows, prim = prim }
+  end
+  -- the spot the animations are measured against, taken while there is no
+  -- pose to overwrite (see measureBind)
+  pcall(self.measureBind, self)
+  return self
+end
+
+function StadiumRig:release()
+  for _, part in ipairs(self.parts or {}) do
+    if part.mesh and part.mesh.release then
+      pcall(part.mesh.release, part.mesh)
+    end
+  end
+  self.parts = {}
+end
+
+-- ------- sampling one track
+--
+-- `c` is the pack's own fold: a bare number when the component holds still
+-- for the whole animation, or one value a frame when it does not. Two frame
+-- indices and a blend come in because the caller has already resolved what
+-- "between frame 12 and 13, three tenths of the way" means for THIS
+-- animation's looping.
+
+-- One component at one frame.
+local function sampleAt(c, i)
+  if type(c) == "number" then return c end
+  return c[i]
+end
+
+-- ------- interpolation, and the one place it must not happen
+--
+-- These streams are not keyframes: they carry ONE VALUE PER FRAME at 30 Hz,
+-- and the game steps them a frame at a time. So at 60 Hz the honest replay
+-- is each pose held for two frames -- which is exactly what it looks like,
+-- a set of models moving at half the frame rate of everything around them.
+-- Blending between consecutive entries is therefore not reconstructing
+-- something the source had; it is INVENTING the halfway pose. It is worth
+-- inventing, because a 30 Hz step against a 60 Hz camera reads as a stutter
+-- and the halfway pose is right far more often than it is wrong.
+--
+-- Where it IS wrong is the reason a naive version of this shipped once and
+-- had to be taken out: bones snapping to an upside-down pose for a frame,
+-- arms turning inside out for a few. Rotations here are EULER TRIPLES, and
+-- a Euler triple is not a direction you can walk along. Two triples can
+-- describe nearly the same orientation and be nowhere near each other
+-- component by component -- (0, 20976, 32736) and (0, -19936, -5904) are a
+-- real pair out of the set -- so walking from one to the other passes
+-- through orientations that are nothing like either end. That is precisely
+-- a bone flipping over and back inside one frame.
+--
+-- Shortest-arc wrapping (below) fixes the easy half of that, where a
+-- component crosses the +-pi seam. It cannot fix the hard half, where the
+-- source simply RE-EXPRESSES a rotation. So the hard half is not fixed, it
+-- is DETECTED: a bone whose rotation moves more than BREAK_ANGLE in a
+-- single frame is not being animated, it is being re-expressed or snapped,
+-- and that bone holds its frame instead of blending. Per bone and all three
+-- components together, because the three are one rotation and blending two
+-- of them while holding the third is its own wrong answer.
+--
+-- The same guard, in the same spirit, for TRANSLATION: BREAK_MOVE of the
+-- model's own height inside one frame is a teleport rather than a stride.
+-- Scale needs none -- a linear blend of two scales lies between them, and
+-- there is no way for that to be a pose neither end had.
+
+-- 32768 binary-angle units is pi, so this is a quarter turn in one 30 Hz
+-- frame -- 2700 degrees a second. Nothing in the set genuinely moves that
+-- fast; everything that reads as moving that fast is a re-expression.
+local BREAK_ANGLE = 16384
+
+-- and half the Pokemon's own height in one frame, which is fifteen body
+-- heights a second
+local BREAK_MOVE = 0.5
+
+-- The signed distance from `c[i0]` to `c[i1]` the SHORT way round, for a
+-- binary angle. Interpolating 32700 toward -32700 the long way spins the
+-- bone most of a full turn inside one frame; the short way is 136 units,
+-- which is what actually happened.
+local function angleDelta(c, i0, i1)
+  if type(c) == "number" then return 0 end
+  local d = c[i1] - c[i0]
+  if d > 32768 then d = d - 65536 elseif d < -32768 then d = d + 65536 end
+  return d
+end
+
+local function linearDelta(c, i0, i1)
+  if type(c) == "number" then return 0 end
+  return c[i1] - c[i0]
+end
+
+-- ------- the pose
+--
+-- `anim` is an index into model.anims (or nil for the bind pose), `frame` a
+-- FLOAT frame in that animation's own 30 Hz timeline, and `wrap` whether
+-- the far end joins back to loopStart (a standby loop) or holds on the last
+-- frame (a faint).
+function StadiumRig:pose(anim, frame, wrap)
+  local model = self.model
+  local n = model.boneCount
+  local tracks = anim and StadiumPack.tracks(model, anim) or nil
+  local frames = anim and model.anims[anim] and model.anims[anim].frames or 1
+
+  -- The two frames this instant falls between, and how far. `k` is 0 on
+  -- every whole frame, so a caller that steps in whole frames -- the test
+  -- suite, the blink probe -- sees exactly the frame it asked for.
+  local i0, i1, k = 1, 1, 0
+  if tracks and frames > 1 then
+    local f = frame
+    if f < 0 then f = 0 end
+    local base = floor(f)
+    k = f - base
+    local loop = model.anims[anim].loopStart or 0
+    if not (loop > 0 and loop < frames) then loop = 0 end
+    if base >= frames then
+      if wrap then
+        -- the far end joins back to loopStart, which is where the game's own
+        -- player sends the counter (func_80016FBC)
+        base = loop + (base - loop) % (frames - loop)
+      else
+        base = frames - 1                   -- a faint holds where it fell
+        k = 0
+      end
+    end
+    i0 = base + 1
+    if i0 > frames then i0 = frames end
+    if i0 < 1 then i0 = 1 end
+    -- and the frame after it, which past the end of a loop is loopStart --
+    -- the same seam the counter itself crosses. An animation that HOLDS
+    -- (a faint) has nothing after its last frame, so it blends with itself.
+    if i0 < frames then
+      i1 = i0 + 1
+    elseif wrap then
+      i1 = loop + 1
+    else
+      i1, k = i0, 0
+    end
+  end
+
+  -- The frame this animation is actually SHOWING, after the wrap or the
+  -- hold, 0-based -- the WHOLE frame, never the blend. A texture swap has no
+  -- halfway: an eye is open or it is shut, and a pupil interpolated toward a
+  -- swirl is not a thing the hardware could draw. So the skeleton runs at 60
+  -- and the textures step at 30, which is what the game does with both.
+  -- Stashed rather than recomputed because the texture
+  -- animation is sampled at the very same frame (see textures) -- in the
+  -- game one counter drives both, and 73% of the paired animations in the
+  -- set are the same length as each other, which is what that looks like
+  -- from the outside. Two copies of this arithmetic would be two things to
+  -- keep in step; one number cannot drift from itself.
+  self.frameAt = i0 - 1
+
+  local parent = model.parent
+  local restT, restR, restS = model.restT, model.restR, model.restS
+  local pivot, drw = self.pivotM, self.drawM
+  local accX, accY, accZ = self.accX, self.accY, self.accZ
+
+  -- how far a bone may travel in one frame before it is read as a teleport
+  -- rather than a stride. In the vertices' own RAW units, which is what the
+  -- tracks are in: model.height is measured after the model_root scale.
+  local moveBreak = nil
+  if k > 0 then
+    local root = model.rootScale
+    if not (root and root > 0) then root = 1 end
+    local h = (model.height or 0) / root
+    if h > 0 then moveBreak = h * BREAK_MOVE end
+  end
+
+  for b = 1, n do
+    local o3 = (b - 1) * 3
+    local tx, ty, tz, rx, ry, rz, kx, ky, kz
+    local comps = tracks and tracks[b]
+    if comps then
+      tx = sampleAt(comps[1], i0)
+      ty = sampleAt(comps[2], i0)
+      tz = sampleAt(comps[3], i0)
+      rx = sampleAt(comps[4], i0)
+      ry = sampleAt(comps[5], i0)
+      rz = sampleAt(comps[6], i0)
+      kx = sampleAt(comps[7], i0)
+      ky = sampleAt(comps[8], i0)
+      kz = sampleAt(comps[9], i0)
+      if k > 0 then
+        -- ROTATION, all three at once: a bone that snaps holds its frame,
+        -- and a bone that moves holds none of it (see BREAK_ANGLE)
+        local dx = angleDelta(comps[4], i0, i1)
+        local dy = angleDelta(comps[5], i0, i1)
+        local dz = angleDelta(comps[6], i0, i1)
+        if dx < 0 then dx = -dx end
+        if dy < 0 then dy = -dy end
+        if dz < 0 then dz = -dz end
+        if dx <= BREAK_ANGLE and dy <= BREAK_ANGLE and dz <= BREAK_ANGLE then
+          rx = rx + angleDelta(comps[4], i0, i1) * k
+          ry = ry + angleDelta(comps[5], i0, i1) * k
+          rz = rz + angleDelta(comps[6], i0, i1) * k
+        end
+        -- TRANSLATION, likewise together: the three are one offset
+        local mx = linearDelta(comps[1], i0, i1)
+        local my = linearDelta(comps[2], i0, i1)
+        local mz = linearDelta(comps[3], i0, i1)
+        local far = false
+        if moveBreak then
+          far = (mx > moveBreak or mx < -moveBreak)
+                or (my > moveBreak or my < -moveBreak)
+                or (mz > moveBreak or mz < -moveBreak)
+        end
+        if not far then
+          tx, ty, tz = tx + mx * k, ty + my * k, tz + mz * k
+        end
+        -- SCALE, which cannot land anywhere the two ends did not bracket
+        kx = kx + linearDelta(comps[7], i0, i1) * k
+        ky = ky + linearDelta(comps[8], i0, i1) * k
+        kz = kz + linearDelta(comps[9], i0, i1) * k
+      end
+    else
+      -- a bone this animation never touches keeps its rest transform
+      tx, ty, tz = restT[o3 + 1], restT[o3 + 2], restT[o3 + 3]
+      rx, ry, rz = restR[o3 + 1], restR[o3 + 2], restR[o3 + 3]
+      kx, ky, kz = restS[o3 + 1], restS[o3 + 2], restS[o3 + 3]
+    end
+
+    local p = parent[b]
+    local pax, pay, paz = 1, 1, 1
+    if p > 0 then pax, pay, paz = accX[p], accY[p], accZ[p] end
+    -- the parent's accumulated scale, applied to the CHILD's offset. This
+    -- is the whole of what the game does instead of propagating scale.
+    tx, ty, tz = tx * pax, ty * pay, tz * paz
+
+    -- Rx * Ry * Rz in the game's own row-vector form (src/F420.c
+    -- func_8000F730), written out as the rows of a 3x3
+    local ax, ay, az = rx * ANG, ry * ANG, rz * ANG
+    local sx, cx = sin(ax), cos(ax)
+    local sy, cy = sin(ay), cos(ay)
+    local sz, cz = sin(az), cos(az)
+    local m11, m12, m13 = cy * cz, sx * sy * cz - cx * sz, cx * sy * cz + sx * sz
+    local m21, m22, m23 = cy * sz, sx * sy * sz + cx * cz, cx * sy * sz - sx * cz
+    local m31, m32, m33 = -sy, sx * cy, cx * cy
+
+    local o = (b - 1) * 12
+    if p > 0 then
+      local q = (p - 1) * 12
+      local a1, a2, a3, a4 = pivot[q + 1], pivot[q + 2], pivot[q + 3], pivot[q + 4]
+      local b1, b2, b3, b4 = pivot[q + 5], pivot[q + 6], pivot[q + 7], pivot[q + 8]
+      local c1, c2, c3, c4 = pivot[q + 9], pivot[q + 10], pivot[q + 11], pivot[q + 12]
+      pivot[o + 1] = a1 * m11 + a2 * m21 + a3 * m31
+      pivot[o + 2] = a1 * m12 + a2 * m22 + a3 * m32
+      pivot[o + 3] = a1 * m13 + a2 * m23 + a3 * m33
+      pivot[o + 4] = a1 * tx + a2 * ty + a3 * tz + a4
+      pivot[o + 5] = b1 * m11 + b2 * m21 + b3 * m31
+      pivot[o + 6] = b1 * m12 + b2 * m22 + b3 * m32
+      pivot[o + 7] = b1 * m13 + b2 * m23 + b3 * m33
+      pivot[o + 8] = b1 * tx + b2 * ty + b3 * tz + b4
+      pivot[o + 9] = c1 * m11 + c2 * m21 + c3 * m31
+      pivot[o + 10] = c1 * m12 + c2 * m22 + c3 * m32
+      pivot[o + 11] = c1 * m13 + c2 * m23 + c3 * m33
+      pivot[o + 12] = c1 * tx + c2 * ty + c3 * tz + c4
+    else
+      pivot[o + 1], pivot[o + 2], pivot[o + 3], pivot[o + 4] = m11, m12, m13, tx
+      pivot[o + 5], pivot[o + 6], pivot[o + 7], pivot[o + 8] = m21, m22, m23, ty
+      pivot[o + 9], pivot[o + 10], pivot[o + 11], pivot[o + 12] = m31, m32, m33, tz
+    end
+
+    local ex, ey, ez = pax * kx, pay * ky, paz * kz
+    accX[b], accY[b], accZ[b] = ex, ey, ez
+    -- the bone's own accumulated scale, on the right: it scales the axes of
+    -- THIS bone's space and cannot reach the children, which is exactly the
+    -- game's draw-time application
+    drw[o + 1], drw[o + 2] = pivot[o + 1] * ex, pivot[o + 2] * ey
+    drw[o + 3], drw[o + 4] = pivot[o + 3] * ez, pivot[o + 4]
+    drw[o + 5], drw[o + 6] = pivot[o + 5] * ex, pivot[o + 6] * ey
+    drw[o + 7], drw[o + 8] = pivot[o + 7] * ez, pivot[o + 8]
+    drw[o + 9], drw[o + 10] = pivot[o + 9] * ex, pivot[o + 10] * ey
+    drw[o + 11], drw[o + 12] = pivot[o + 11] * ez, pivot[o + 12]
+  end
+end
+
+-- ------- keeping the Pokemon on its own tile
+--
+-- Stadium's animations MOVE the Pokemon, and they move it a long way. Half
+-- the set's send-out entrances walk the body more than its own height off
+-- the spot it started on; Dewgong's faint travels nearly ten body-heights,
+-- and its entrance seven and a half. Every one of them ends exactly where it
+-- began, because that game framed each Pokemon with a camera of its OWN that
+-- followed the performance around a stage.
+--
+-- This mode has one camera, solved to put two named map cells at two fixed
+-- points in a 160x144 frame (BattleCam), and a Pokemon that travels seven
+-- body-heights out of that frame is simply GONE -- which is what sending out
+-- a Farfetch'd looked like: an empty tile for three and a half seconds,
+-- while its animation played somewhere off to the left of the shot.
+--
+-- So the bulk travel is taken back out. The pose is measured, and whatever
+-- has carried the body further than `limit` from where the bind pose put it
+-- is subtracted from every bone.
+--
+-- ------- why a LIMIT and not an anchor
+--
+-- Pinning the body outright would flatten the animations into mime: a lunge,
+-- a hop, a recoil and a collapse are all the body moving, and they are the
+-- part worth having. What breaks the shot is not motion, it is EXCURSION --
+-- and the two are told apart by how far. Inside the limit nothing is touched
+-- at all, so the 83 species whose animations stay put are bit-for-bit what
+-- they were; past it the excess alone is removed, so a big move still reads
+-- as big and still comes back to the tile it left.
+--
+-- ------- where the body IS, and why it is not the median
+--
+-- The first version of this took the median bone origin, on the reasoning
+-- that a handful of bones flung anywhere cannot move a median. True, and it
+-- had a worse problem: a median is a RANK, and a rank flips. On a bird most
+-- of the skeleton is wing, so as the wings beat, which bone sits at the
+-- middle of the sorted list swaps between the up cluster and the down one --
+-- and the estimate jumps with it. Measured on Pidgey's standby loop the
+-- median moved a tenth of a body-height between adjacent half-frames, and on
+-- Pidgeot three whole body-heights. The anchor turns that straight into a
+-- translation of the ENTIRE Pokemon, so the body counter-shook against its
+-- own wings and the flapping read as twice its real speed. That is the
+-- "Pidgey's wings flap super fast" this comment exists because of.
+--
+-- The centre is now the bone origins averaged, WEIGHTED BY HOW MANY VERTICES
+-- EACH BONE MOVES. That fixes both halves at once:
+--
+--   * the weights are a property of the MESH, computed once and never
+--     changing, so there is no rank to flip and no discontinuity available
+--     to it -- the estimate is as smooth as the bones themselves
+--   * a bone with little geometry on it barely counts, which is exactly the
+--     robustness the median was for. Farfetch'd's trail is thirty vertices
+--     on five bones -- 1.6% of the model -- so streaking three thousand
+--     units out moves this by nothing worth measuring
+--
+-- Against the median it is two to five times smoother on every species
+-- tested and measures the same travel to within a few percent.
+
+-- How far the body estimate may move in ONE 30 Hz frame of a species' own
+-- standby loop before that species is judged unmeasurable and left
+-- unanchored (see measureBind). The fastest genuine motion in the set is
+-- about a fifth of a body-height a frame; the one species that fails this
+-- moves three.
+StadiumRig.ANCHOR_STEADY = 0.5
+
+-- Which context slot the standby loop is, without requiring StadiumPack --
+-- this module is below it and a require would be circular. Position 1 of
+-- StadiumPack.CONTEXT, which is the format's own contract.
+local IDLE_SLOT = 1
+
+-- How much of the model each bone actually carries. Cached on the shared
+-- model: it is a fact about the mesh, not about this instance.
+local function boneWeights(model)
+  if model.boneW then return model.boneW, model.boneWTotal end
+  local w, total = {}, 0
+  for b = 1, model.boneCount do w[b] = 0 end
+  for _, prim in ipairs(model.prims) do
+    local bone = prim.bone
+    for k = 1, prim.vertCount do
+      local b = bone[k]
+      if w[b] then w[b] = w[b] + 1; total = total + 1 end
+    end
+  end
+  model.boneW, model.boneWTotal = w, total
+  return w, total
+end
+
+-- The body centre of the pose currently in drawM.
+local function centre(self, n)
+  local model = self.model
+  local w, total = boneWeights(model)
+  if not (total > 0) then return nil end
+  local x, y, z = 0, 0, 0
+  local d = self.drawM
+  for b = 1, n do
+    local q = w[b]
+    if q and q > 0 then
+      local o = (b - 1) * 12
+      x = x + d[o + 4] * q
+      y = y + d[o + 8] * q
+      z = z + d[o + 12] * q
+    end
+  end
+  return x / total, y / total, z / total
+end
+
+-- Where the BIND pose puts it -- the spot every animation is measured
+-- against. Cached on the shared MODEL, because it is a fact about the model
+-- and not about this instance of it.
+--
+-- Called once, from new(), and deliberately not lazily from anchor(): taking
+-- this measurement means POSING the bind pose, which would overwrite the
+-- animated pose anchor() was called to correct. Doing it while the rig is
+-- still being built is the one moment there is no pose to lose.
+function StadiumRig:measureBind()
+  local model = self.model
+  if model.bindCX then return end
+  self:pose(nil, 0, false)
+  model.bindCX, model.bindCY, model.bindCZ = centre(self, model.boneCount)
+
+  -- ------- and whether this species can be anchored at all
+  --
+  -- Decided ONCE, per model, offline, by walking its standby loop and asking
+  -- how far the body estimate moves between one frame and the next.
+  --
+  -- Everything the anchor does rests on that estimate being a description of
+  -- where the Pokemon is. For 147 species it is: the fastest real motion in
+  -- the set moves the body about a fifth of a body-height per 30 Hz frame.
+  -- Pidgeot's standby loop moves it THREE, because a few of its rotation
+  -- frames are junk (the worst data in the set, and a known issue in its own
+  -- right). There is no filter setting that both tracks a real excursion and
+  -- rejects that -- measured, at four time constants, either the excursions
+  -- came back or the shake did -- because the two are only a factor of
+  -- fifteen apart and a filter is a proportion.
+  --
+  -- So a species whose own idle says its estimate cannot be trusted is not
+  -- anchored, and plays exactly as it did before the anchor existed: it
+  -- travels as far as its animation says, and it does not vibrate. One
+  -- species trading a framing problem for no problem beats 147 trading a
+  -- solved framing problem for a shake.
+  --
+  -- Cheap: forty-odd poses on a model that is about to be posed sixty times
+  -- a second anyway.
+  local idle = model.ctx and model.ctx[IDLE_SLOT]
+  local anim = (idle and idle ~= 0xFFFF) and (idle + 1) or nil
+  local rec = anim and model.anims and model.anims[anim]
+  model.anchorOk = true
+  if rec and rec.frames and rec.frames > 1 then
+    local root = model.rootScale
+    if not (root and root > 0) then root = 1 end
+    local h = (model.height or 0) / root
+    if h > 0 then
+      local px, py, pz, worst = nil, nil, nil, 0
+      for f = 0, rec.frames - 1 do
+        self:pose(anim, f, true)
+        local x, y, z = centre(self, model.boneCount)
+        if x and px then
+          local d = (((x - px) ^ 2 + (y - py) ^ 2 + (z - pz) ^ 2) ^ 0.5) / h
+          if d > worst then worst = d end
+        end
+        px, py, pz = x, y, z
+      end
+      if worst > StadiumRig.ANCHOR_STEADY then
+        model.anchorOk = false
+        V.mod.log:info("stadium: species %s moves its own body %.1f "
+                       .. "body-heights in one frame of its standby loop -- "
+                       .. "not anchoring it, the measurement cannot be "
+                       .. "trusted", tostring(model.species), worst)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  -- and leave the bind pose behind, not the last frame of the idle
+  self:pose(nil, 0, false)
+end
+
+-- ------- and why the offset is SMOOTHED
+--
+-- A better centre is not enough on its own. Any estimate that follows the
+-- pose carries the pose's own frame-to-frame wobble into it, and the anchor
+-- multiplies that up into a translation of the whole Pokemon -- so a species
+-- whose source data is erratic (Pidgeot's standby loop has a few frames of
+-- junk in it, and no estimator can smooth data that is genuinely wrong)
+-- would shake bodily rather than in the one bone that is wrong.
+--
+-- So the offset is low-passed. What the anchor is FOR is a slow excursion --
+-- a Pokemon swimming seven body-heights away over two seconds -- and that
+-- survives a filter with this time constant untouched, while anything
+-- oscillating frame to frame is flattened. The correction ends up describing
+-- where the Pokemon has drifted TO, never how it is shaking on the way.
+--
+-- HALF_LIFE is in seconds: the time the offset takes to close half of any
+-- gap between where it is and where the pose says it should be. Short enough
+-- that a real excursion is caught within a few frames of starting, long
+-- enough that a 30 Hz wobble does not survive it.
+StadiumRig.ANCHOR_HALF_LIFE = 0.05
+
+
+-- ------- what this does NOT fix, and why it stops here
+--
+-- The filter is a proportion, so it divides the input wobble down rather than
+-- bounding it -- and one species' data is bad enough to get through anyway.
+-- Pidgeot's standby loop carries a few frames of junk rotation (the worst in
+-- the set, and a known issue since before the anchor existed), which moves
+-- the body estimate three body-heights inside a single frame; filtered, that
+-- is still about three pixels a frame on a fourteen-pixel model.
+--
+-- Two further mechanisms were built and MEASURED against the set, and both
+-- were taken back out:
+--
+--   a rate limit on the correction bounded the shake to a third of a pixel,
+--   and cost so much tracking that 33 of the 148 entrances went back to
+--   leaving the frame -- half the problem the anchor exists to solve
+--
+--   a rate limit on the MEASUREMENT, to tell a spike from an excursion by
+--   speed, could not separate them: the fastest real excursion (Dewgong's
+--   entrance, five and a half body-heights a second) is close enough to
+--   Pidgeot's sustained junk that any threshold either clipped Dewgong or
+--   passed Pidgeot, and freezing on distrust made both worse
+--
+-- So it stops here, at the setting that is right for the 147 species whose
+-- data is not broken. Pidgeot is a data problem and belongs with the other
+-- data problems in the CHANGELOG's Known section, not in this control loop:
+-- the alternative was distorting every other Pokemon's animation to flatter
+-- one whose source frames are wrong.
+
+-- Pull the pose back toward the tile. `limit` is in the Pokemon's own
+-- body-heights; nil or a non-positive value leaves the pose exactly as posed.
+-- `dt` is the frame's own delta; without one the offset is applied whole,
+-- which is what a still (the QA sweep, a probe) wants.
+function StadiumRig:anchor(limit, dt)
+  if not (limit and limit > 0) then return end
+  local model = self.model
+  local n = model.boneCount
+  -- the vertices are in RAW units, before the model_root scale that
+  -- model.height is measured after
+  local root = model.rootScale
+  if not (root and root > 0) then root = 1 end
+  local h = (model.height or 0) / root
+  if not (h > 0) then return end
+
+  local bx, by, bz = model.bindCX, model.bindCY, model.bindCZ
+  if not bx then return end          -- never measured; leave the pose alone
+  if model.anchorOk == false then return end   -- and unmeasurable, at that
+  local x, y, z = centre(self, n)
+  if not x then return end
+
+  local dx, dy, dz = x - bx, y - by, z - bz
+  local dist = (dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz) ^ 0.5
+  local allow = limit * h
+
+  -- what the pose alone asks for: the EXCESS beyond the limit, so what is
+  -- inside it stays and the motion keeps its shape
+  local ox, oy, oz = 0, 0, 0
+  if dist > allow and dist > 0 then
+    local k = (dist - allow) / dist
+    ox, oy, oz = dx * k, dy * k, dz * k
+  end
+
+  -- and then toward it rather than straight to it (see ANCHOR_HALF_LIFE),
+  -- and never faster than ANCHOR_RATE
+  if dt and dt > 0 then
+    local half = StadiumRig.ANCHOR_HALF_LIFE
+    local a = (half > 0) and (1 - 0.5 ^ (dt / half)) or 1
+    if a > 1 then a = 1 end
+    local px, py, pz = self.anchorX or ox, self.anchorY or oy, self.anchorZ or oz
+    ox = px + (ox - px) * a
+    oy = py + (oy - py) * a
+    oz = pz + (oz - pz) * a
+  end
+  self.anchorX, self.anchorY, self.anchorZ = ox, oy, oz
+  if ox == 0 and oy == 0 and oz == 0 then return end
+
+  local pivot, drw = self.pivotM, self.drawM
+  for b = 1, n do
+    local o = (b - 1) * 12
+    pivot[o + 4] = pivot[o + 4] - ox
+    pivot[o + 8] = pivot[o + 8] - oy
+    pivot[o + 12] = pivot[o + 12] - oz
+    drw[o + 4] = drw[o + 4] - ox
+    drw[o + 8] = drw[o + 8] - oy
+    drw[o + 12] = drw[o + 12] - oz
+  end
+end
+
+-- ------- the skin
+--
+-- Every vertex through its one bone's draw matrix, and its normal through
+-- the same bone's pivot (a pure rotation, so the normal survives a
+-- non-uniformly scaled bone -- which several species have).
+--
+-- `yaw` is the model matrix's own turn, and it is folded in HERE rather
+-- than left to the matrix because the shade has to be computed against the
+-- WORLD normal: a Pokemon turned to face its opponent has a differently lit
+-- flank than one facing the camera, and the sun does not turn with it.
+function StadiumRig:skin(yaw)
+  local cy, sy = cos(yaw or 0), sin(yaw or 0)
+  local drw, piv = self.drawM, self.pivotM
+  for _, part in ipairs(self.parts) do
+    local prim, rows = part.prim, part.rows
+    local px, py, pz = prim.px, prim.py, prim.pz
+    local nx, ny, nz = prim.nx, prim.ny, prim.nz
+    local bone = prim.bone
+    for k = 1, prim.vertCount do
+      local o = (bone[k] - 1) * 12
+      local x, y, z = px[k], py[k], pz[k]
+      local row = rows[k]
+      row[1] = drw[o + 1] * x + drw[o + 2] * y + drw[o + 3] * z + drw[o + 4]
+      row[2] = drw[o + 5] * x + drw[o + 6] * y + drw[o + 7] * z + drw[o + 8]
+      row[3] = drw[o + 9] * x + drw[o + 10] * y + drw[o + 11] * z + drw[o + 12]
+      local ax, ay, az = nx[k], ny[k], nz[k]
+      local wx = piv[o + 1] * ax + piv[o + 2] * ay + piv[o + 3] * az
+      local wy = piv[o + 5] * ax + piv[o + 6] * ay + piv[o + 7] * az
+      local wz = piv[o + 9] * ax + piv[o + 10] * ay + piv[o + 11] * az
+      -- the model matrix's yaw, by hand: (x, z) turned, y untouched
+      row[6] = SHADE_BASE + SHADE_X * (cy * wx + sy * wz) + SHADE_Y * wy
+               + SHADE_Z * (cy * wz - sy * wx)
+    end
+    pcall(part.mesh.setVertices, part.mesh, rows)
+  end
+end
+
+-- What this POSE actually occupies, in the rig's own posed space: the
+-- vertical span of every skinned vertex, and the furthest any of them
+-- stands from the model's vertical axis.
+--
+-- Read off the skinned rows rather than off the pack's bind-pose figures,
+-- because the two are not the same claim. The bind measurements say how
+-- big the model is; a caller placing something ON the Pokemon needs to
+-- know where the Pokemon IS, and for a flying species the standby
+-- animation carries it a third of its own height off the floor -- a lift
+-- that exists only in the posed bones and appears in no static field.
+--
+-- Answers nil before the first skin(), which is the caller's cue to fall
+-- back to the bind figures.
+function StadiumRig:posedBounds()
+  local lo, hi, r2 = nil, nil, 0
+  for _, part in ipairs(self.parts) do
+    local rows, n = part.rows, part.prim.vertCount
+    for k = 1, n do
+      local row = rows[k]
+      local y = row[2]
+      if not lo or y < lo then lo = y end
+      if not hi or y > hi then hi = y end
+      local d = row[1] * row[1] + row[3] * row[3]
+      if d > r2 then r2 = d end
+    end
+  end
+  if not lo then return nil end
+  return lo, hi, math.sqrt(r2)
+end
+
+-- ------- which texture each part wears this frame
+--
+-- The eyes. A primitive whose display list carried geo command 0x23 with a
+-- channel index has its texture REPLACED every frame from a stream of
+-- texture-table indices (src/18140.c func_800176DC) -- which is how every
+-- Pokemon in the game blinks, and how a confused one gets swirls. glTF has
+-- no channel for that, so the .glb files carry only the first frame; the
+-- pack carries the streams.
+--
+-- `aux` is an index into model.auxAnims (the stream set) and `frame` its
+-- own frame counter, which runs independently of the skeletal one.
+-- The eyes, and everything else a material swaps per frame.
+--
+-- Sampled at the SKELETAL animation's own frame -- the one pose() just
+-- resolved -- and CLAMPED past the end of the stream rather than wrapped.
+-- Both halves of that matter, and getting either wrong is visible.
+--
+-- The frame is the skeleton's because in the game a single counter drives
+-- both; the data says so plainly, since 507 of the 691 paired animations in
+-- the set have a texture animation exactly as long as the skeletal one it
+-- rides with.
+--
+-- The clamp is what the game's own sampler does (func_80017540 indexes the
+-- stream and holds the last entry past its end), and it is the whole
+-- difference between a blink and a twitch. Rattata's standby loop is forty
+-- frames and its blink is FIVE -- `6 8 7 8 6`, open through closed and back.
+-- Wrapped on the blink's own length that plays six times a second, which is
+-- what it looked like. Clamped, the eye blinks once at the top of the loop
+-- and stays open for the remaining thirty-five frames, so it blinks about
+-- once a second and a half.
+function StadiumRig:textures(aux)
+  local model = self.model
+  local anim = aux and model.auxAnims and model.auxAnims[aux] or nil
+  local frame = self.frameAt or 0
+  for _, part in ipairs(self.parts) do
+    local prim = part.prim
+    local index = prim.tex
+    if anim and prim.texAnim and prim.texAnim >= 0 and prim.texMap then
+      local stream = anim.channels[prim.texAnim + 1]
+      local n = stream and #stream or 0
+      if n > 0 then
+        local at = frame + 1
+        if at > n then at = n end
+        if at < 1 then at = 1 end
+        local mapped = prim.texMap[stream[at]]
+        if mapped then index = mapped end
+      end
+    end
+    part.texture = StadiumPack.image(model, index)
+  end
+end
+
+-- ------- the draw
+--
+-- `model` here is the MODEL MATRIX -- where this Pokemon stands, how big
+-- and which way round -- and `sunModel` the transform the shadow pass drew
+-- it with, which for these is the same matrix (unlike a character's leaning
+-- card; see Voxel3D.draw).
+--
+-- Seams off for the whole of it: the voxel wireframe draws the integer
+-- planes of a mesh's own model space, and these vertices are in the N64's
+-- own units where an integer plane means nothing (see VoxelGrid). Glass off
+-- for the same reason the sprite passes turn it off -- the mask's
+-- coordinates belong to the tileset atlas, not to a Pokemon's texture.
+function StadiumRig:draw(matrix, pull)
+  Voxel3D.seams(false)
+  Voxel3D.glass(false)
+  local additive = nil
+  for _, part in ipairs(self.parts) do
+    if part.prim.additive then
+      -- held back to a second pass so the flames composite over the body
+      -- rather than depth-fighting it
+      additive = additive or {}
+      additive[#additive + 1] = part
+    elseif part.texture then
+      Voxel3D.draw(part.mesh, part.texture, matrix, pull)
+    end
+  end
+  if additive then
+    Voxel3D.blend("add")
+    for _, part in ipairs(additive) do
+      if part.texture then
+        Voxel3D.draw(part.mesh, part.texture, matrix, pull)
+      end
+    end
+    Voxel3D.blend(nil)
+  end
+  Voxel3D.glass(true)
+  Voxel3D.seams(true)
+end
+
+-- The same geometry as the SUN sees it: no camera-ward pull (a trick for
+-- the view's own depth buffer, which would drag a shadow off its owner) and
+-- through the shadow pass's own draw call. The generated flame prims are
+-- skipped -- a fire casts light, not a shadow.
+function StadiumRig:caster(shadowMap, matrix)
+  for _, part in ipairs(self.parts) do
+    if part.texture and not part.prim.additive then
+      shadowMap.draw(part.mesh, part.texture, matrix)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+return StadiumRig

lib/StadiumRom.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+-- STADIUM battles: getting at the Pokemon Stadium ROM.
+--
+-- Byte order, the archive the battle models are packed into, the Yay0
+-- decompressor that unwraps each one, and the per-species battle tables. It
+-- is a port of model_extract/pipeline/rom.py, function for function, and the
+-- Python remains the reference: tools/stadium_pack.py drives that side and
+-- tests/stadium_extract_test.lua diffs this side's finished packs against it
+-- byte for byte.
+--
+-- ------- why this exists in Lua at all
+--
+-- The mod cannot ship the models. They are ROM data, so what ships is the
+-- READER, and the player supplies the ROM -- exactly the arrangement the
+-- engine itself already has for the Game Boy ROM it is a recompilation of
+-- (src/import/RomImporter.lua). Everything from `baserom.z64` to
+-- `assets/stadium/NNN.dsm` therefore has to happen here, on the machine, in
+-- Lua, with no Python and no build step.
+--
+-- ------- what makes that tractable
+--
+-- Three steps, and none of them needs a decompilation toolchain:
+--
+--   1. BYTE ORDER. The three N64 dump conventions differ by a swap that is
+--      detected from the magic word and undone once, on load.
+--   2. THE ARCHIVE. The segment at 0x920000 is a count and a table of
+--      (offset, size) records. No compression at that level, no names.
+--   3. Yay0. Nintendo's LZ variant: a bitstream where a 1 copies a literal
+--      byte and a 0 pulls a (distance, length) pair out of a side table.
+--      Thirty lines, and the same thirty lines the Python has.
+--
+-- Verified in the Python by decompressing all 215 entries and diffing against
+-- what the decompilation's own `make init` produces: 215/215 identical.
+
+-- the mod namespace (see main.lua): V.require loads a sibling module
+local V = ...
+
+local StadiumRom = {}
+
+local byte = string.byte
+local char = string.char
+local concat = table.concat
+local sub = string.sub
+local floor = math.floor
+
+-- ROM offsets, from pokestadium-us.yaml by way of pipeline/rom.py.
+StadiumRom.POKEMON_MODELS = 0x920000    -- archive of the 215 battle models
+StadiumRom.BATTLE_DATA    = 0x70D3A0    -- per-species battle tables
+StadiumRom.MAIN_ROM       = 0x1000      -- main code segment ...
+StadiumRom.MAIN_VRAM      = 0x80000400  -- ... and where it lands in RAM
+StadiumRom.PTR_TABLE_VRAM = 0x80075BD0  -- D_80075BD0[species - 1]
+
+-- The revision every offset above is keyed to. A different ROM still runs --
+-- it may well be a regional variant with the same layout -- but the caller is
+-- told, because "the models came out as garbage" and "that is not the ROM
+-- this was written against" are the same fact and only one of them is useful.
+StadiumRom.US_MD5 = "ed1378bc12115f71209a77844965ba50"
+
+-- The battle table's shape: 0xB90 bytes a species, as 0x10-byte entries.
+-- Entries 0..164 are the moves (entry n drives move n + 1) and 165 up are the
+-- fixed battle contexts.
+StadiumRom.STRIDE = 0xB90
+StadiumRom.ENTRY = 0x10
+StadiumRom.N_MOVES = 165
+
+-- How many of the archive's 215 models are the battle Pokemon. The rest are
+-- props and trophies with no battle table.
+StadiumRom.N_POKEMON = 151
+
+-- ------- byte order
+--
+-- .z64 is big-endian and native; .v64 has each pair of bytes swapped; .n64
+-- has each word reversed. `gsub` with a capture-reversing replacement does
+-- either in one call through C rather than a Lua loop over 33 million bytes.
+
+local MAGIC_Z64 = "\128\055\018\064"
+local MAGIC_V64 = "\055\128\064\018"
+local MAGIC_N64 = "\064\018\055\128"
+
+-- Normalise a dump to .z64 order, or nil when it is not an N64 ROM at all.
+function StadiumRom.normalise(bytes)
+  if type(bytes) ~= "string" or #bytes < 0x1000 then return nil end
+  local magic = sub(bytes, 1, 4)
+  if magic == MAGIC_Z64 then return bytes end
+  if magic == MAGIC_V64 then return (bytes:gsub("(.)(.)", "%2%1")) end
+  if magic == MAGIC_N64 then
+    return (bytes:gsub("(.)(.)(.)(.)", "%4%3%2%1"))
+  end
+  return nil
+end
+
+-- ------- Yay0
+--
+-- The output has to be RANDOM ACCESS while it is being written -- a back
+-- reference copies from what has already been produced, and overlapping runs
+-- are legal and common -- so it is built in a flat table of byte values and
+-- turned into a string at the end.
+--
+-- The string.char conversion is the part that wants care: it is variadic and
+-- has an argument limit, so the table is walked in blocks and the blocks
+-- concatenated. Blocks of 4096 keep the call count and the intermediate
+-- string count both low; the whole 151-model set converts in well under a
+-- second on LuaJIT, which is what made an FFI buffer unnecessary here and
+-- kept this module portable to any Lua the engine runs on.
+
+local CHUNK = 4096
+
+-- LuaJIT keeps `unpack` global; 5.2+ moved it onto table.
+local unpack = unpack or table.unpack
+
+local function bytesToString(out, n)
+  if n == 0 then return "" end
+  local parts, np = {}, 0
+  local i = 1
+  while i <= n do
+    local j = i + CHUNK - 1
+    if j > n then j = n end
+    np = np + 1
+    parts[np] = char(unpack(out, i, j))
+    i = j + 1
+  end
+  return concat(parts)
+end
+
+-- Nintendo Yay0. Header: magic, decompressed size, link table offset, chunk
+-- offset; then a bitstream read a word at a time.
+function StadiumRom.yay0(src, base)
+  base = base or 0
+  if sub(src, base + 1, base + 4) ~= "Yay0" then return nil, "not Yay0" end
+  local function be32(o)
+    local a, b, c, d = byte(src, base + o + 1, base + o + 4)
+    return ((a * 256 + b) * 256 + c) * 256 + d
+  end
+  local size = be32(4)
+  -- all three cursors are 1-based indices into `src`; the mask stream starts
+  -- immediately after the 16-byte header
+  local maskP = base + 0x10 + 1
+  local linkP = base + be32(8) + 1
+  local chunkP = base + be32(12) + 1
+
+  local out = {}
+  local pos = 0                      -- bytes produced so far
+  local mask, bits = 0, 0
+
+  while pos < size do
+    if bits == 0 then
+      local a, b, c, d = byte(src, maskP, maskP + 3)
+      mask = ((a * 256 + b) * 256 + c) * 256 + d
+      maskP = maskP + 4
+      bits = 32
+    end
+    if mask >= 0x80000000 then
+      pos = pos + 1
+      out[pos] = byte(src, chunkP)
+      chunkP = chunkP + 1
+    else
+      local a, b = byte(src, linkP, linkP + 1)
+      linkP = linkP + 2
+      local link = a * 256 + b
+      local dist = link % 0x1000
+      local count = floor(link / 0x1000)
+      if count == 0 then
+        count = byte(src, chunkP) + 0x12
+        chunkP = chunkP + 1
+      else
+        count = count + 2
+      end
+      -- overlapping runs are legal: copying one byte at a time from the
+      -- output as it grows is the behaviour, not a naive version of it
+      local copy = pos - dist
+      for _ = 1, count do
+        pos = pos + 1
+        out[pos] = out[copy]
+        copy = copy + 1
+      end
+    end
+    mask = (mask * 2) % 0x100000000
+    bits = bits - 1
+  end
+
+  return bytesToString(out, size)
+end
+
+-- Unwrap whatever container an asset arrived in. The model archive's entries
+-- are PERS-SZP: an eight-byte magic plus a header size, wrapping a Yay0
+-- stream.
+function StadiumRom.decompress(blob)
+  if sub(blob, 1, 8) == "PERS-SZP" then
+    local a, b, c, d = byte(blob, 9, 12)
+    local header = ((a * 256 + b) * 256 + c) * 256 + d
+    return StadiumRom.yay0(blob, header)
+  end
+  if sub(blob, 1, 4) == "Yay0" then return StadiumRom.yay0(blob, 0) end
+  return blob
+end
+
+-- ------- the ROM
+
+local Rom = {}
+Rom.__index = Rom
+
+-- `bytes` is the whole file. Returns the ROM, or nil plus why.
+function StadiumRom.open(bytes)
+  local data = StadiumRom.normalise(bytes)
+  if not data then return nil, "not an N64 ROM (bad magic)" end
+  return setmetatable({ data = data }, Rom)
+end
+
+function Rom:u8(o)
+  return byte(self.data, o + 1)
+end
+
+function Rom:u32(o)
+  local a, b, c, d = byte(self.data, o + 1, o + 4)
+  if not d then return 0 end
+  return ((a * 256 + b) * 256 + c) * 256 + d
+end
+
+function Rom:vramToRom(vram)
+  return StadiumRom.MAIN_ROM + (vram - StadiumRom.MAIN_VRAM)
+end
+
+-- The md5 of the normalised image, or nil where LOVE's hash is not there
+-- (the headless suite). Only ever used to tell the player which ROM they
+-- gave us, never to refuse one.
+function Rom:md5()
+  if self.hash ~= nil then return self.hash or nil end
+  local ok, hex = pcall(function()
+    local digest = love.data.hash("md5", self.data)
+    if type(digest) == "userdata" and digest.getString then
+      digest = digest:getString()
+    end
+    return love.data.encode("string", "hex", digest)
+  end)
+  self.hash = (ok and hex) or false
+  return self.hash or nil
+end
+
+function Rom:isExpectedUS()
+  local hex = self:md5()
+  return hex == nil or hex == StadiumRom.US_MD5
+end
+
+-- ------- the archive
+--
+-- Segments that hold many files start with
+--     u32 tag, u32 0, u32 totalSize, u32 fileCount
+-- followed by fileCount { u32 offset, u32 size, u32 pad[2] } records, all
+-- relative to the start of the segment.
+--
+-- Only the top three bytes of the first word are reliably zero: the model
+-- archive puts a nonzero value in the low byte, which is the same quirk the
+-- decompilation's own tools/unpack_asset.py works around.
+--
+-- Returns a list of { start, size } rather than the bytes, so nothing is
+-- copied until a caller actually wants a file.
+function Rom:archive(off)
+  local tag = self:u32(off)
+  if (tag - tag % 256) ~= 0 or self:u32(off + 4) ~= 0 then return nil end
+  local count = self:u32(off + 12)
+  if count <= 0 or count >= 4096 then return nil end
+  local out = {}
+  for i = 0, count - 1 do
+    local rec = off + 0x10 + i * 0x10
+    out[i + 1] = { start = off + self:u32(rec), size = self:u32(rec + 4) }
+  end
+  return out
+end
+
+-- The entries of the battle-model archive, uncopied.
+function Rom:models()
+  if not self.modelDir then
+    self.modelDir = self:archive(StadiumRom.POKEMON_MODELS) or {}
+  end
+  return self.modelDir
+end
+
+function Rom:modelCount()
+  return #self:models()
+end
+
+-- One model fragment, decompressed. `fileno` is 0-based, as in the Python and
+-- in the source-file names: `N.bin` holds species N + 1.
+function Rom:model(fileno)
+  local rec = self:models()[fileno + 1]
+  if not rec then return nil end
+  return StadiumRom.decompress(sub(self.data, rec.start + 1,
+                                   rec.start + rec.size))
+end
+
+-- ------- the per-species battle tables
+--
+-- func_84302658 in src/fragments/62 DMAs 0xB90 bytes a species out of the
+-- 0x70D3A0 segment, addressed through the D_80075BD0 pointer table. Byte 0 of
+-- each 0x10-byte entry indexes that Pokemon's animation list and byte 1 its
+-- auxiliary (texture) animation list.
+--
+-- Returns a 0-based array-like table of { anim, aux }, aux 0xFF meaning none
+-- and coming back as -1 -- the shape the packer writes.
+function Rom:battleRows(species)
+  local ptrTable = self:vramToRom(StadiumRom.PTR_TABLE_VRAM)
+  local raw = self:u32(ptrTable + (species - 1) * 4)
+  local o = StadiumRom.BATTLE_DATA + raw % 0x1000000
+  local rows = {}
+  local n = StadiumRom.STRIDE / StadiumRom.ENTRY
+  for e = 0, n - 1 do
+    local anim = self:u8(o + e * StadiumRom.ENTRY)
+    local aux = self:u8(o + e * StadiumRom.ENTRY + 1)
+    rows[e] = { anim, aux == 0xFF and -1 or aux }
+  end
+  rows.n = n
+  return rows
+end
+
+return StadiumRom

lib/StadiumRomPick.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+-- STADIUM battles: importing the ROM, instead of being told where to put it.
+--
+-- The mod ships no Pokemon Stadium models and cannot -- they are that game's
+-- data -- so the player supplies the cartridge. The original instruction for
+-- that was "make a folder called baseroms next to the game and drop the file
+-- in it", which is a fine sentence to write and a poor thing to ask. It needs
+-- a folder the player has to create, in a place that is different on every
+-- platform and is inside an unwritable archive on a packaged build, and it
+-- fails SILENTLY: the two STADIUM rungs are simply not on the row, and
+-- nothing on screen says why.
+--
+-- So this opens a file picker instead, from a row on the OPTIONS menu, and
+-- the folder keeps working for anyone who prefers it (StadiumInstall).
+--
+-- ------- the picker is the host's, not LOVE's
+--
+-- LOVE 11.5 has no file dialog. love.window.showFileDialog arrived in 12 and
+-- love.system.pickFile is a native bridge this project ships for mobile
+-- rather than part of LOVE at all. What every desktop OS does have is a
+-- dialog reachable from a shell, so that is what is used here -- osascript on
+-- macOS, PowerShell's OpenFileDialog on Windows, zenity then kdialog on
+-- Linux.
+--
+-- This is deliberately the SAME four commands the engine's own ROM importer
+-- uses for the Game Boy cartridge (src/import/RomImporter.lua's chooseRom),
+-- down to writing the Windows pick as UTF-8 -- the console's OEM codepage
+-- mangles a non-ASCII path into something that crashes the next text draw.
+-- Being a second copy of that is worth it: a mod cannot call into the
+-- importer's private helpers, and the alternative is asking the engine to
+-- grow a seam for one caller.
+--
+-- The dialog BLOCKS. io.popen waits for the player to choose, and the game is
+-- frozen for as long as it is up. That is what the engine's importer does
+-- too, it is what a modal dialog means, and the frame it freezes on is an
+-- options menu.
+--
+-- ------- and the ROM is not kept
+--
+-- The picked file is read, built from, and forgotten -- nothing is copied
+-- anywhere. A Stadium cartridge is 32 MB and the models built out of it are
+-- 34, so keeping both would double the cost of a feature for a file that has
+-- no further use: the packs are what the game reads afterwards, and the
+-- marker records the ROM's md5 so a swapped cartridge is still noticed.
+--
+-- The one thing that costs is a format bump, which invalidates the packs and
+-- leaves nothing to rebuild from. That is what the row still being there is
+-- for -- it reads READY, and pressing it imports again.
+
+-- the mod namespace (see main.lua): V.require loads a sibling module
+local V = ...
+
+local StadiumInstall = V.require("StadiumInstall")
+
+local StadiumRomPick = {}
+
+StadiumRomPick.LABEL = "STADIUM ROM"
+StadiumRomPick.ID = "DRAMATIC_SHAPE:stadiumRom"
+
+-- Names the REVISION, because that is the thing a player gets wrong: the
+-- model offsets are keyed to US 1.0 and nothing else is going to work.
+local PROMPT = "Choose your Pokemon Stadium (US) 1.0 ROM"
+
+-- ------- the host, at arm's length
+--
+-- Everything below is read through pcall and a presence test. The mod loader
+-- hands a mod the real `io` and `os` today, but a mod that TAKES that for
+-- granted is one that stops loading the day a sandbox arrives -- and this is
+-- a convenience on top of a folder scan that works without any of it.
+
+local function haveShell()
+  local ok, popen = pcall(function() return io and io.popen end)
+  return (ok and popen) and true or false
+end
+
+local function haveFiles()
+  local ok, open = pcall(function() return io and io.open end)
+  return (ok and open) and true or false
+end
+
+local function osName()
+  local ok, name = pcall(function() return love.system.getOS() end)
+  return ok and name or nil
+end
+
+-- Run a command and return its trimmed stdout, or nil for anything that did
+-- not produce a line -- a cancelled dialog, a missing zenity, a shell that
+-- is not there.
+local function commandOutput(cmd)
+  if not haveShell() then return nil end
+  local ok, pipe = pcall(io.popen, cmd)
+  if not (ok and pipe) then return nil end
+  local okRead, out = pcall(pipe.read, pipe, "*a")
+  pcall(pipe.close, pipe)
+  if not (okRead and type(out) == "string") then return nil end
+  out = out:gsub("^%s+", ""):gsub("%s+$", "")
+  return (out ~= "") and out or nil
+end
+
+-- ------- can this machine open a DIALOG
+--
+-- Desktop only, and honestly so.
+--
+-- On ANDROID the picker is a native bridge (love.system.pickFile) whose
+-- kind -> filename mapping is a fixed list of three in the engine's own C++,
+-- and an unrecognised kind falls through to `picked_rom.gb`. That is not
+-- merely the wrong name -- it is the file the engine's Game Boy importer is
+-- watching, and reading that code settles it: the importer's size test only
+-- SKIPS a 1 MB file it has already imported, so a 32 MB N64 ROM landing
+-- there falls straight through to `love.filesystem.remove` and
+-- `startData` -- deleted, and then reported to the player as a broken Game
+-- Boy ROM. So the bridge is not called until it learns the kind, which is a
+-- two-line change in System.cpp and an APK rebuild (see README).
+--
+-- Android is not stuck without it: conf.lua points the save directory at the
+-- app's external-files folder, so `baseroms/` there is reachable over USB or
+-- any file manager with no root and no permission prompt. What Android
+-- lacked was being TOLD that -- the row vanished, and the folder's absolute
+-- path was only ever written to a console no phone shows. That is what the
+-- note below is for.
+function StadiumRomPick.canDialog()
+  if not (haveShell() and haveFiles()) then return false end
+  local p = osName()
+  return p == "Windows" or p == "OS X" or p == "Linux"
+end
+
+-- Kept as the old name for callers that only wanted "is there a dialog".
+StadiumRomPick.available = StadiumRomPick.canDialog
+
+-- Where a SAF pick would land if the native bridge grows a Stadium kind.
+-- Watched unconditionally (see poll): on a build that never writes it this
+-- costs one getInfo a frame, and on one that does the mod needs no further
+-- change to use it.
+StadiumRomPick.PICKED = "picked_stadium.z64"
+
+-- Open the dialog. Returns the chosen absolute path, or nil when the player
+-- cancelled or no dialog could be opened.
+function StadiumRomPick.choose()
+  local p = osName()
+  if p == "OS X" then
+    return commandOutput(
+      ([[osascript -e 'POSIX path of (choose file with prompt "%s" of type ]]
+       .. [[{"z64", "n64", "v64"})' 2>/dev/null]]):format(PROMPT))
+  elseif p == "Windows" then
+    local script = table.concat({
+      "Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Windows.Forms;",
+      "$d=New-Object System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog;",
+      "$d.Title='" .. PROMPT .. "';",
+      "$d.Filter='Nintendo 64 ROM (*.z64;*.n64;*.v64)|*.z64;*.n64;*.v64"
+      .. "|All files (*.*)|*.*';",
+      -- as UTF-8: the console's OEM codepage would mangle a non-ASCII path
+      -- and crash the next text draw that showed it
+      "if($d.ShowDialog() -eq 'OK'){[Console]::OutputEncoding="
+      .. "[Text.Encoding]::UTF8; [Console]::Write($d.FileName)}",
+    })
+    return commandOutput(
+      'powershell -NoProfile -STA -Command "' .. script .. '"')
+  elseif p == "Linux" then
+    local path = commandOutput(
+      ([[zenity --file-selection --title="%s" ]]
+       .. [[--file-filter="Nintendo 64 ROM | *.z64 *.n64 *.v64" 2>/dev/null]])
+        :format(PROMPT))
+    if path then return path end
+    -- zenity is absent on plenty of installs (and on most handheld Linux
+    -- distributions); KDE's own dialog is the usual second answer
+    return commandOutput(
+      [[kdialog --getopenfilename "$HOME" "*.z64 *.n64 *.v64|]]
+      .. [[Nintendo 64 ROM" 2>/dev/null]])
+  end
+  return nil
+end
+
+-- Read an ABSOLUTE path, which love.filesystem cannot: it only sees inside
+-- the physfs mount, and a picked file is anywhere on the disk. Returns the
+-- bytes, or nil plus a reason short enough to fit the loading screen.
+function StadiumRomPick.read(path)
+  if not haveFiles() then return nil, "no file access" end
+  local ok, fp = pcall(io.open, path, "rb")
+  if not (ok and fp) then return nil, "could not open that file" end
+  local okRead, bytes = pcall(fp.read, fp, "*a")
+  pcall(fp.close, fp)
+  if not (okRead and type(bytes) == "string" and #bytes > 0) then
+    return nil, "could not read that file"
+  end
+  return bytes
+end
+
+-- ------- the whole flow, from one keypress
+--
+-- Pick, read, start the build, and put the loading screen up over whatever
+-- asked -- which is the OPTIONS menu, so the row is there again underneath
+-- when the build finishes and now reads READY.
+--
+-- A CANCELLED dialog is not a failure and says nothing: the player opened a
+-- file browser and changed their mind, and a mod that made an announcement
+-- about that would be the second most annoying thing on the menu.
+--
+-- Everything else lands on the loading screen's own failure state, because it
+-- is the one surface in this mode with room for a sentence -- and because a
+-- player who has just chosen the wrong file is owed a reason and not a row
+-- that quietly goes on saying IMPORT.
+function StadiumRomPick.import(game)
+  if StadiumInstall.status.state == "building" then return false end
+  local StadiumScreen = V.require("StadiumScreen")
+
+  -- No dialog on this platform: say where the file goes, on screen, because
+  -- that is the whole of what the player is missing and the console is not
+  -- somewhere they can read it.
+  if not StadiumRomPick.canDialog() then
+    if game and game.stack then
+      game.stack:push(StadiumScreen.newNote(game, "STADIUM ROM",
+        "PUT STADIUM US 1.0 HERE:",
+        StadiumInstall.romHintFile()))
+    end
+    return false
+  end
+
+  local path = StadiumRomPick.choose()
+  if not path then return false end
+  local function fail(why)
+    StadiumInstall.status.state = "failed"
+    StadiumInstall.status.error = why
+    if game and game.stack then
+      game.stack:push(StadiumScreen.new(game, true))
+    end
+    return false
+  end
+
+  local bytes, err = StadiumRomPick.read(path)
+  if not bytes then return fail(err or "could not read that file") end
+
+  local ok, beginErr = StadiumInstall.beginFrom(bytes, path)
+  if not ok then return fail(tostring(beginErr)) end
+  if game and game.stack then
+    game.stack:push(StadiumScreen.new(game, true))
+  end
+  return true
+end
+
+-- ------- the row
+--
+-- An ACTION rather than a value, which is why it is not a ModSetting: there
+-- is no rung to store, nothing for the mod manager's page to persist, and
+-- nothing to restore on the next boot. What it shows is a STATE -- the models
+-- are there or they are not -- and what it does is the only thing it can do.
+--
+-- Still offered once they ARE there, reading READY. Pressing it imports
+-- again, which is how a player swaps to a different revision, and how they
+-- rebuild after a format bump has invalidated the packs and left nothing on
+-- disk to rebuild from (see the header: the ROM is not kept).
+--
+-- nil where no dialog can be opened, which takes the row off the menu
+-- entirely rather than offering a button that cannot do anything.
+function StadiumRomPick.row()
+  return {
+    id = StadiumRomPick.ID,
+    label = StadiumRomPick.LABEL,
+    value = function()
+      if StadiumInstall.status.state == "building" then return "BUILDING" end
+      if StadiumInstall.available() then return "READY" end
+      -- WHERE, not IMPORT, where pressing it can only tell you the folder:
+      -- a row that says IMPORT and then does not import is a worse row than
+      -- one that says what it actually does
+      return StadiumRomPick.canDialog() and "IMPORT" or "WHERE?"
+    end,
+    step = function(game)
+      pcall(StadiumRomPick.import, game)
+      return true
+    end,
+  }
+end
+
+-- ------- a pick that landed while we were not looking
+--
+-- The desktop dialog BLOCKS, so `import` above can read the answer on the
+-- next line. A SAF pick cannot work that way: it is a separate activity,
+-- Android is free to destroy the game while it is up, and the file appears
+-- some frames later -- so the only way to notice one is to look for it.
+--
+-- Nothing writes this filename today (see canDialog). It is watched anyway so
+-- that teaching the native bridge one more kind is the whole of the Android
+-- picker work, with no second change needed here.
+--
+-- Consumed and DELETED either way: a 32 MB file left in the save directory
+-- would be imported again on the next boot, and kept forever if the import
+-- failed.
+function StadiumRomPick.poll(game)
+  local f = love and love.filesystem
+  if not (f and f.getInfo) then return false end
+  if StadiumInstall.status.state == "building" then return false end
+  local ok, info = pcall(f.getInfo, StadiumRomPick.PICKED, "file")
+  if not (ok and info) then return false end
+
+  local okRead, bytes = pcall(f.read, StadiumRomPick.PICKED)
+  pcall(f.remove, StadiumRomPick.PICKED)
+  if not (okRead and type(bytes) == "string") then return false end
+
+  local StadiumScreen = V.require("StadiumScreen")
+  local started, err = StadiumInstall.beginFrom(bytes, StadiumRomPick.PICKED)
+  if not started then
+    StadiumInstall.status.state = "failed"
+    StadiumInstall.status.error = tostring(err)
+  end
+  if game and game.stack then
+    game.stack:push(StadiumScreen.new(game, true))
+  end
+  return true
+end
+
+return StadiumRomPick

lib/StadiumScreen.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+-- STADIUM battles: the one-time build, on screen.
+--
+-- A pushed game state, so it draws in the Game Boy's own 160x144 and stops
+-- everything under it -- which is what it should do, because it is doing real
+-- work and the player should not be walking around while it happens.
+--
+-- ------- why a species a frame
+--
+-- A species takes roughly fifty milliseconds to extract, and there are 151 of
+-- them. That is ten seconds, which has to go somewhere. Doing them one per
+-- frame puts the whole cost on this screen where it is explained, keeps the
+-- bar moving at a visible rate, and leaves the frame free to draw between
+-- them. Batching more per frame would finish no sooner -- the work is the
+-- same -- and would only make the bar jump.
+--
+-- ------- what it says
+--
+-- Three things, and each of them is answering a question the player would
+-- otherwise have to guess at while the game sits there:
+--
+--   WHAT is happening -- "STADIUM EXTRACTION", which is what it is.
+--
+--   HOW FAR through it is -- a bar, filled by species written rather than by
+--   elapsed time, so it cannot lie about the remaining work.
+--
+--   THAT IT IS ALIVE -- which Pokemon it is on, by name. Not decoration: it
+--   is the difference between a progress bar the player trusts and one they
+--   suspect has hung, and it costs one lookup a frame.
+
+-- the mod namespace (see main.lua): V.require loads a sibling module
+local V = ...
+
+local StadiumInstall = V.require("StadiumInstall")
+
+local StadiumScreen = {}
+StadiumScreen.__index = StadiumScreen
+
+-- The Game Boy frame this draws in.
+local W, H = 160, 144
+
+-- How long the finished message stays up before the screen retires itself.
+StadiumScreen.HOLD = 1.1
+
+local Font = nil
+local function font()
+  if Font then return Font end
+  local ok, F = pcall(require, "src.render.Font")
+  if ok then Font = F end
+  return Font
+end
+
+-- Black glyphs, because that is the only colour the Game Boy font sheets
+-- have -- they are black on transparent, so setColor cannot lighten one.
+-- Everything here is therefore laid out dark-on-light.
+local function text(str, x, y)
+  local F = font()
+  if not F then return end
+  love.graphics.setColor(0, 0, 0, 1)
+  F.draw(str, math.floor(x), math.floor(y))
+end
+
+local function centred(str, y)
+  local F = font()
+  if not F then return end
+  text(str, (W - F.width(str)) / 2, y)
+end
+
+-- How many glyphs fit across the frame. The font is a fixed eight pixels, so
+-- twenty is the line -- and a centred string longer than that does not
+-- overflow tidily off one side, it clips off BOTH and loses its first word as
+-- well as its last ("that is not a Pokemon Stadium ROM" came out as "at is
+-- not a Pokemon").
+--
+-- Fixed, and it stays fixed: shrinking the text to fit more in was tried and
+-- the font will not take it. These are 1-bit 8x8 bitmaps, so a fractional
+-- downscale drops whole pixel rows out of every glyph -- at 0.75 the last
+-- line of an Android save path came out as mush. Long strings get more LINES
+-- instead (see the note layout in draw).
+local COLS = 20
+
+-- Break a string into lines that fit, on word boundaries, and never more than
+-- `limit` of them.
+local function wrapped(str, limit, cols)
+  limit = limit or 2
+  cols = cols or COLS
+  local lines, line = {}, nil
+  local function push(text)
+    if #lines < limit then lines[#lines + 1] = text end
+  end
+  for word in tostring(str):gmatch("%S+") do
+    local try = line and (line .. " " .. word) or word
+    if #try <= cols then
+      line = try
+    else
+      if line then push(line) end
+      -- A word longer than the line is BROKEN ACROSS lines rather than cut.
+      -- It is always a path, and a path is the one thing here that has to be
+      -- readable in full -- an absolute Android save directory runs to
+      -- ninety-odd characters with no spaces in it at all, so truncating at
+      -- twenty told the player almost nothing.
+      while #word > cols do
+        push(word:sub(1, cols))
+        word = word:sub(cols + 1)
+      end
+      line = word
+    end
+    if #lines >= limit then break end
+  end
+  if line then push(line) end
+  return lines
+end
+
+-- ------- dex number -> the engine's own species key
+--
+-- Built once, from the loaded data rather than from a list of names carried
+-- here: a list would be a second place for the same 151 facts to live, and
+-- would go stale against a mod that renames one.
+local dexNames = nil
+
+local function speciesName(dex)
+  if not dex then return nil end
+  if not dexNames then
+    dexNames = {}
+    local ok, data = pcall(function()
+      return require("src.core.Game").data
+    end)
+    if ok and data and data.pokemon then
+      for key, def in pairs(data.pokemon) do
+        if type(def) == "table" and def.dex then dexNames[def.dex] = key end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  return dexNames[dex]
+end
+
+-- `adopt` means the caller has ALREADY started the build, or already decided
+-- it cannot start -- which is the imported path (StadiumRomPick opens the
+-- picked file itself, because love.filesystem cannot read an absolute path).
+-- Without it this screen would call begin() on the way in and throw away the
+-- job it was pushed to display, or overwrite the failure it was pushed to
+-- explain with a fresh "no ROM in baseroms" -- which would be true, and would
+-- have nothing to do with what just went wrong.
+function StadiumScreen.new(game, adopt)
+  return setmetatable({ game = game, hold = 0, started = adopt and true or false,
+                        adopted = adopt and true or false }, StadiumScreen)
+end
+
+-- ------- the same plate, saying something instead of doing something
+--
+-- A NOTE: title, a wrapped body, and a key to dismiss it. It exists because
+-- the one piece of information a player on a platform with no file dialog
+-- actually needs -- the absolute path of the folder to put the cartridge in
+-- -- is long, machine-specific, and was only ever written to the console,
+-- which nobody on a phone can read.
+--
+-- Same state shape and the same plate as the build screen, so there is one
+-- look and one set of stack manners rather than two.
+function StadiumScreen.newNote(game, title, lead, body)
+  return setmetatable({ game = game,
+                        note = { title = title, lead = lead, body = body } },
+                      StadiumScreen)
+end
+
+-- Opaque: the loading screen owns the frame, so the map underneath is not
+-- drawn and not paying for a render it cannot be seen through.
+StadiumScreen.isOpaque = true
+
+function StadiumScreen:enter()
+  if self.note or self.adopted then return end
+  local ok, err = StadiumInstall.begin()
+  self.started = ok and true or false
+  if not ok then
+    StadiumInstall.status.state = "failed"
+    StadiumInstall.status.error = err
+  end
+end
+
+-- The buttons that dismiss a note. Every face button and START, because the
+-- prompt says ANY and a player who has to hunt for the right one on a phone
+-- has been lied to.
+local DISMISS = { "a", "b", "start", "select" }
+
+function StadiumScreen:update()
+  -- ------- a note is dismissed by a BUTTON, not by a key
+  --
+  -- `onKeyPressed` is the keyboard, and a phone has none: the touch overlay
+  -- feeds the engine's Input as virtual buttons (Input.overlayPressed), so a
+  -- state that only listens for keys cannot be closed by touch at all. That
+  -- stranded a player on this screen with no way off it -- the one screen in
+  -- the mod whose entire job is to tell somebody something and then get out
+  -- of the way.
+  --
+  -- Polled here rather than handled as an event because `wasPressed` is the
+  -- edge test the engine's own battle screens use, and it is fed by the
+  -- keyboard, the gamepad AND the overlay through one path.
+  if self.note then
+    local input = self.game and self.game.input
+    if input and input.wasPressed then
+      for _, btn in ipairs(DISMISS) do
+        if input:wasPressed(btn) then
+          if self.game.stack and self.game.stack:top() == self then
+            self.game.stack:pop()
+          end
+          return
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    return
+  end
+  local status = StadiumInstall.status
+  if status.state == "building" then
+    if not StadiumInstall.step() then
+      -- fell out of building: either finished or failed, both of which hold
+      -- for a moment so the player sees which
+      self.hold = 0
+    end
+    return
+  end
+  self.hold = self.hold + 1 / 60
+  -- a failure stays up longer, because it is the one the player has to read
+  local wait = StadiumScreen.HOLD
+  if status.state == "failed" then
+    wait = StadiumScreen.HOLD * 4
+  elseif status.wrongVersion then
+    -- a warning nobody can read is not a warning
+    wait = StadiumScreen.HOLD * 3
+  end
+  if self.hold >= wait then
+    if self.game and self.game.stack and self.game.stack:top() == self then
+      self.game.stack:pop()
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+-- Let the player out of a build that has gone wrong, or that they would
+-- rather not wait for. Cancelling leaves the packs unbuilt, so the STADIUM
+-- rungs stay off the row until the next boot offers again -- which is
+-- honest, and better than a half-built set.
+local function pop(self)
+  if self.game and self.game.stack and self.game.stack:top() == self then
+    self.game.stack:pop()
+  end
+end
+
+function StadiumScreen:onKeyPressed(key)
+  -- A note takes any key too. This is the KEYBOARD path and it is not the
+  -- one that matters on a phone -- see update, which polls the engine's
+  -- Input so the touch overlay's virtual buttons work as well.
+  if self.note then pop(self) return true end
+  if key == "escape" or key == "x" or key == "backspace" then
+    StadiumInstall.cancel()
+    if self.game and self.game.stack and self.game.stack:top() == self then
+      self.game.stack:pop()
+    end
+    return true
+  end
+  return false
+end
+
+function StadiumScreen:draw()
+  local status = StadiumInstall.status
+  love.graphics.setColor(0.93, 0.94, 0.90, 1)
+  love.graphics.rectangle("fill", 0, 0, W, H)
+
+  if self.note then
+    centred(self.note.title, 12)
+    -- The sentence is kept SHORT so the path can have the rest of the plate
+    -- at full size. Shrinking the path was tried first and does not survive
+    -- the font: these are 1-bit 8x8 bitmaps, so a fractional downscale drops
+    -- whole pixel rows out of every glyph and the last line came out as
+    -- mush. Nine rows of twenty characters is 180, which is longer than any
+    -- real save path, so nothing has to be shrunk to fit.
+    local lead = wrapped(self.note.lead or "", 2)
+    for i, line in ipairs(lead) do centred(line, 30 + (i - 1) * 10) end
+    local y = 30 + #lead * 10 + 6
+    for i, line in ipairs(wrapped(self.note.body or "", 9)) do
+      centred(line, y + (i - 1) * 9)
+    end
+    centred("PRESS ANY KEY", 130)
+    love.graphics.setColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
+    return
+  end
+
+  -- One line, and it is the whole heading: eighteen glyphs at the font's
+  -- fixed eight pixels is 144 of the frame's 160.
+  centred("STADIUM EXTRACTION", 34)
+
+  if status.state == "failed" then
+    centred("COULD NOT BUILD", 68)
+    local lines = wrapped(status.error or "unknown", 2)
+    for i, line in ipairs(lines) do centred(line, 82 + (i - 1) * 10) end
+    centred("STADIUM IS OFF", 110)
+    love.graphics.setColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
+    return
+  end
+
+  local done = status.done or 0
+  local total = status.total or StadiumInstall.COUNT
+  local frac = (total > 0) and (done / total) or 1
+  if status.state == "done" then frac = 1 end
+  if frac < 0 then frac = 0 elseif frac > 1 then frac = 1 end
+
+  -- The bar: a dark frame, an EMPTY interior the same colour as the plate,
+  -- and a dark fill growing left to right.
+  --
+  -- The track has to be the plate's own white rather than a light grey. This
+  -- draws inside the Game Boy frame, so the colorization pass quantises
+  -- everything here into the four GB shades and paints them -- and a grey
+  -- track lands one shade down, which comes out as a bar that is GREEN where
+  -- the work is still to do and dark where it is done. The eye reads colour
+  -- as the filled part and gets the progress exactly backwards.
+  local bx, by, bw, bh = 24, 68, W - 48, 9
+  love.graphics.setColor(0.06, 0.05, 0.09, 1)
+  love.graphics.rectangle("fill", bx - 1, by - 1, bw + 2, bh + 2)
+  love.graphics.setColor(0.93, 0.94, 0.90, 1)
+  love.graphics.rectangle("fill", bx, by, bw, bh)
+  love.graphics.setColor(0.06, 0.05, 0.09, 1)
+  love.graphics.rectangle("fill", bx, by, math.floor(bw * frac + 0.5), bh)
+
+  if status.state == "done" then
+    centred("READY", 86)
+    -- and say so if it was built from something other than the revision every
+    -- offset in the reader was measured against: it may look fine, it may be
+    -- subtly wrong, and the player is the only one who can swap the file
+    if status.wrongVersion then
+      centred("NOT US 1.0 --", 104)
+      centred("MODELS MAY BE WRONG", 114)
+    end
+  else
+    local name = speciesName(status.species)
+    centred(("%d/%d"):format(done, total), 86)
+    if name then centred(name, 98) end
+  end
+  love.graphics.setColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
+end
+
+-- ------- when this comes up
+--
+-- The first frame the player is actually IN the world, rather than at boot.
+-- Two reasons. The engine has its own launcher and ROM importer before the
+-- game starts, and pushing over those would be fighting them for the screen.
+-- And `Game.data` has to be loaded for the species names above to resolve.
+--
+-- Asked once. If the player cancels, or there is no ROM, this does not come
+-- back until the next run -- a loading screen that reappears every time you
+-- step outside would be worse than no stadium models.
+local asked = false
+
+function StadiumScreen.maybePush()
+  if asked then return false end
+  local ok, Game = pcall(require, "src.core.Game")
+  if not (ok and Game and Game.stack and Game.overworld) then return false end
+  if Game.stack:top() ~= Game.overworld then return false end
+  asked = true
+  if not StadiumInstall.pending() then
+    -- Say where to put a cartridge, ONCE, and only when there is nothing to
+    -- build from and nothing already built. The two STADIUM rungs are simply
+    -- absent in that case (ModSetting.setGate), which is the right thing for
+    -- a row to do and tells the player nothing about why -- and the answer
+    -- they need is an absolute path that depends on how the game was
+    -- installed, so it cannot be written into the options help text.
+    if not StadiumInstall.available() then
+      -- The IMPORT row is the answer wherever a file dialog can be opened,
+      -- and it is the better one: no folder to create, no path to get right,
+      -- no restart. The folder is still said, once, for the platforms with no
+      -- dialog (Android, a handheld Linux with neither zenity nor kdialog)
+      -- and for anyone who would rather drop a file than click through one.
+      -- The STADIUM ROM row is on the OPTIONS menu on every platform now, so
+      -- point at it rather than reciting a path here: where a file dialog can
+      -- be opened it opens one, and where it cannot it shows this same folder
+      -- on screen -- which is the part a phone could not otherwise find out.
+      local okPick, pick = pcall(V.require, "StadiumRomPick")
+      local label = (okPick and pick and pick.LABEL) or "STADIUM ROM"
+      local how = (okPick and pick and pick.canDialog())
+                  and "opens a file picker" or "says where to put one"
+      V.mod.log:info("stadium: no Pokemon Stadium (US) 1.0 ROM found, so the "
+                     .. "STADIUM battle rungs are off. OPTIONS -> %s %s; the "
+                     .. "folder is %s", label, how, StadiumInstall.romHint())
+    end
+    return false
+  end
+  Game.stack:push(StadiumScreen.new(Game))
+  return true
+end
+
+-- named for the suite, which drives the screen without a boot
+function StadiumScreen._reset()
+  asked = false
+end
+
+return StadiumScreen

lib/StadiumStage.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+-- The B rungs: the two discs the fight is staged on.
+--
+-- Where an A rung puts the fight on the MAP -- real ground, whatever the
+-- route happens to look like -- a B rung puts it on two platforms against
+-- the sky and draws no map at all.
+--
+-- ------- one stage, two rungs
+--
+-- The discs do not know what is standing on them. 2D-3D B stands the Game
+-- Boy's own battle pics there and STADIUM B stands the Pokemon Stadium
+-- models, and this file is identical for both: it draws two platforms at two
+-- cells and sizes each to whatever footprint it is given. That is why the
+-- flat disc rung cost a value in the 3D-BTL ladder and nothing else.
+--
+-- ------- why this is a rung and not a fix
+--
+-- Staging on the map is the better picture when the map cooperates, and it
+-- often does not. Half of Kanto's interiors are furniture; a cave floor can
+-- be nothing but two-cell corridors; some maps have nowhere a fight can be
+-- SEEN from a low camera and are declined outright (see BattleArena), which
+-- drops the player back to the flat battle screen with no warning. And even
+-- where a spot exists, the ground behind the foe is a hedge or a shop counter
+-- rather than anything a battle wants behind it.
+--
+-- Discs have none of those problems, because the stage is CARRIED rather than
+-- found: it works on every map, in every building, at every step, and the
+-- framing is the same every time. What it gives up is the thing STADIUM A is
+-- for -- fighting somewhere real.
+--
+-- ------- what stays
+--
+-- The sky, and the light. A battle outdoors is under the hour's own sky, with
+-- its bands and its sun or moon (Voxel3D.beginScene paints it when handed a
+-- dressed one); a battle in a cave or a room is under that place's own void
+-- and its own neutral light, exactly as the map itself would be. So the mode
+-- is abstracted from the GROUND, not from the world -- walk into a cave at
+-- midnight and the fight looks like a cave at midnight.
+--
+-- And the framing. The camera, the pins, the HUDs, the text box, the move
+-- animations and the depth of field are all identical, because every one of
+-- them is hung off the arena's CELLS rather than off what is under them. That
+-- is the same reason STADIUM A could be an option on the mode rather than a
+-- second mode, and it is why this file is a few hundred lines and not a few
+-- thousand.
+
+-- the mod namespace (see main.lua): V.require loads a sibling module
+local V = ...
+
+local Mat4 = V.require("Mat4")
+local Voxel3D = V.require("Voxel3D")
+
+local StadiumStage = {}
+
+local floor = math.floor
+local sin, cos = math.sin, math.cos
+local pi = math.pi
+
+-- ------- the shape of a disc
+--
+-- Radius in world pixels, where a map cell is 16 and the two mons stand three
+-- cells apart.
+--
+-- A PLATFORM FOLLOWS WHAT STANDS ON IT rather than being one fixed size,
+-- because the set's footprints run nearly tenfold: a Caterpie is under four
+-- world pixels across and Moltres, wings out, is twenty-six. One radius for
+-- both is either a dinner plate under the caterpillar or a doily under the
+-- bird.
+--
+-- RADIUS is the floor, and it is the number most species land on -- it is a
+-- little over the map cell a Pokemon is sized to cover, which is the
+-- proportion the Game Boy's own battle platforms have. PAD is the margin
+-- around a mon that needs more than that, and MAX_RADIUS stops Moltres from
+-- being handed something the frame cannot hold.
+--
+-- These are the FULL radius, out to where the fade has finished; the solid
+-- centre a Pokemon actually stands on is SOLID of it. PAD is sized so that a
+-- mon's own footprint fits inside that centre rather than out over the
+-- stipple -- 1.8 x 0.70 is a little over 1.25, so a big Pokemon still has
+-- solid ground under its edges.
+StadiumStage.RADIUS = 18
+StadiumStage.MAX_RADIUS = 34
+StadiumStage.PAD = 1.8
+
+-- The platform for a mon of this footprint. `r` may be nil -- nothing is
+-- standing there yet, which is every frame of the send-out before the model
+-- appears, and it is also the whole of the flat 2D-3D B rung, where a
+-- Pokemon is a battle pic sized to cover exactly one map cell and RADIUS is
+-- already a little over that. Either way the platform is the plain one, and
+-- it has to be there BEFORE the Pokemon lands on it.
+function StadiumStage.radiusFor(r)
+  local want = (r or 0) * StadiumStage.PAD
+  if want < StadiumStage.RADIUS then return StadiumStage.RADIUS end
+  if want > StadiumStage.MAX_RADIUS then return StadiumStage.MAX_RADIUS end
+  return want
+end
+
+-- Per-vertex shading, in the same terms StadiumRig lights the models with, so
+-- a disc and the Pokemon standing on it agree about where the sun is. Fitted
+-- to Voxel3D.FACE_SHADE's six values: the constant is the average, and each
+-- axis term is half the spread between that axis's two faces.
+local SHADE_BASE = 0.7725
+local SHADE_X = 0.06
+local SHADE_Y = 0.225
+local SHADE_Z = 0.11
+
+local function shadeFor(nx, ny, nz)
+  local s = SHADE_BASE + nx * SHADE_X + ny * SHADE_Y + nz * SHADE_Z
+  if s < 0.30 then return 0.30 end
+  if s > 1.00 then return 1.00 end
+  return s
+end
+
+-- ------- the texture
+--
+-- The platform is a FLAT painted disc that fades out at its rim -- no rim
+-- wall, no thickness, the whole thing carried in one texture on one quad
+-- lying on the ground plane. That is what the Game Boy's own battle
+-- platforms are, and it is what keeps the stage from competing with the
+-- Pokemon standing on it.
+--
+-- ------- why the fade is DITHERED
+--
+-- The scene shader discards any texel under half alpha outright (it has to:
+-- that is what keeps a sprite's transparent corners out of the depth buffer).
+-- So a smooth alpha ramp does not fade -- it comes out as a hard circle cut
+-- at wherever the ramp crosses 0.5, which is the one thing this must not be.
+--
+-- The fade is therefore an ORDERED DITHER baked into the texture's alpha:
+-- every texel is fully on or fully off, and the proportion that are on falls
+-- away toward the rim. It is the same trick the sky already uses for its
+-- bands (Sky.DITHER), it needs no shader change and so risks nothing in any
+-- other pass, and on a mode built out of visible texels it reads as intended
+-- rather than as a limitation.
+--
+-- The COLOUR is deliberately neutral. Everything the shader does to it after
+-- this is the environment's: Voxel3D.tint carries the hour outdoors and the
+-- room's own flat light indoors, and the shadow pass darkens whatever the
+-- Pokemon standing on it occludes. So one texture is a sunlit platform, a
+-- dusk platform and a cave platform, without a variant for each.
+StadiumStage.TEX = 128
+
+-- Where the solid centre ends, as a fraction of the disc's radius. Inside
+-- this everything is opaque; from here to the rim the dither thins out.
+StadiumStage.SOLID = 0.76
+
+local TOP = { 0.74, 0.71, 0.63 }
+local TOP_ALT = { 0.67, 0.64, 0.57 }
+
+local texture = nil
+
+-- A small deterministic scatter, for the surface itself. Not a random one: an
+-- authored constant that happens to look unpatterned is worth more here than
+-- a seed, because it can never change under a different Lua.
+--
+-- Quantised into blocks, so the surface reads as TEXELS rather than as noise.
+-- Per-pixel it came out as a fine mottle that fought the dithered rim for
+-- attention -- and the rim is the thing worth looking at. At this size the
+-- grain is roughly the size of the voxels everywhere else in the mode.
+StadiumStage.GRAIN = 4
+
+local function grain(x, y)
+  local bx = (x - x % StadiumStage.GRAIN) / StadiumStage.GRAIN
+  local by = (y - y % StadiumStage.GRAIN) / StadiumStage.GRAIN
+  local v = (bx * 37 + by * 71 + ((bx * by) % 13) * 17) % 100
+  return v < 34
+end
+
+-- The 8x8 ordered (Bayer) matrix, as thresholds in 0..63. Ordered rather than
+-- random because a random dither crawls: this pattern is fixed in the
+-- texture, so the fade holds still while the camera drifts across it.
+local BAYER = {
+  { 0, 32,  8, 40,  2, 34, 10, 42 },
+  { 48, 16, 56, 24, 50, 18, 58, 26 },
+  { 12, 44,  4, 36, 14, 46,  6, 38 },
+  { 60, 28, 52, 20, 62, 30, 54, 22 },
+  {  3, 35, 11, 43,  1, 33,  9, 41 },
+  { 51, 19, 59, 27, 49, 17, 57, 25 },
+  { 15, 47,  7, 39, 13, 45,  5, 37 },
+  { 63, 31, 55, 23, 61, 29, 53, 21 },
+}
+
+function StadiumStage.texture()
+  if texture ~= nil then return texture or nil end
+  local ok, img = pcall(function()
+    local n = StadiumStage.TEX
+    local data = love.image.newImageData(n, n)
+    local half = (n - 1) / 2
+    local solid = StadiumStage.SOLID
+    for y = 0, n - 1 do
+      local dy = (y - half) / half
+      for x = 0, n - 1 do
+        local dx = (x - half) / half
+        local d = (dx * dx + dy * dy) ^ 0.5
+        -- how much of this texel's neighbourhood should survive: everything
+        -- inside the solid core, nothing past the rim, and a smooth ramp
+        -- between the two that the dither turns into a stipple
+        local cover
+        if d <= solid then
+          cover = 1.0
+        elseif d >= 1.0 then
+          cover = 0.0
+        else
+          local t = (d - solid) / (1.0 - solid)
+          cover = 1.0 - t * t * (3 - 2 * t)     -- smoothstep, falling
+        end
+        local threshold = (BAYER[y % 8 + 1][x % 8 + 1] + 0.5) / 64
+        local a = (cover > threshold) and 1 or 0
+        local c = grain(x, y) and TOP_ALT or TOP
+        data:setPixel(x, y, c[1], c[2], c[3], a)
+      end
+    end
+    local image = love.graphics.newImage(data)
+    -- nearest, like every other texture in this mode: the grain and the
+    -- stipple are both meant to read as texels. Clamped rather than
+    -- repeating now that one texture covers the whole disc.
+    image:setFilter("nearest", "nearest")
+    image:setWrap("clampzero", "clampzero")
+    return image
+  end)
+  texture = (ok and img) or false
+  return texture or nil
+end
+
+-- ------- the mesh
+--
+-- One quad, lying flat on the ground plane, spanning -1..1 in x and z with
+-- the whole texture stretched across it. The DISC is the texture's business,
+-- not the geometry's -- everything outside the painted circle is alpha the
+-- shader discards -- which is what "a flat texture that fades out at the
+-- edges" means and what makes this four vertices rather than a hundred and
+-- fifty.
+--
+-- Shaded as a face pointing straight up, because it is one.
+
+local mesh = nil
+
+local function build()
+  local s = shadeFor(0, 1, 0)
+  local verts = {
+    { -1, 0, -1, 0, 0, s },
+    {  1, 0, -1, 1, 0, s },
+    {  1, 0,  1, 1, 1, s },
+    { -1, 0,  1, 0, 1, s },
+  }
+  return Voxel3D.newMesh(verts, { 1, 2, 3, 1, 3, 4 })
+end
+
+function StadiumStage.mesh()
+  if mesh == nil then mesh = build() or false end
+  return mesh or nil
+end
+
+function StadiumStage.invalidate()
+  if texture and texture.release then pcall(texture.release, texture) end
+  if mesh and mesh.release then pcall(mesh.release, mesh) end
+  texture, mesh = nil, nil
+end
+
+-- How far under the ground plane the disc actually sits. A hair, and only so
+-- that a flat-footed Pokemon's sole -- which is AT the ground plane -- is not
+-- coplanar with it and left to the depth buffer's mercy.
+StadiumStage.SINK = 0.06
+
+-- Where one disc sits: centred on a cell, at the ground plane, so a Pokemon
+-- placed at that same height stands ON it rather than in it.
+function StadiumStage.matrix(x, groundY, z, radius)
+  radius = radius or StadiumStage.RADIUS
+  return Mat4.mul(Mat4.translate(x, groundY - StadiumStage.SINK, z),
+                  Mat4.scale(radius, 1, radius))
+end
+
+-- The two platforms this frame, as (side, matrix) -- shared by the camera's
+-- pass and the sun's, so the two can never disagree about where they are.
+local function each(arena, groundY, fn)
+  local ok, Stadium = pcall(V.require, "Stadium")
+  for _, side in ipairs({ "enemy", "player" }) do
+    local cell = arena[side]
+    if cell then
+      local footprint = ok and Stadium and Stadium.footprint(side) or nil
+      fn(StadiumStage.matrix(cell[1], groundY, cell[2],
+                             StadiumStage.radiusFor(footprint)))
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+-- ------- the synthetic arena
+--
+-- A B rung does not search the map, because it does not stand on it. The
+-- arena is the same WIDE shape every other staged fight uses -- so the two
+-- cells are three apart down the middle and BattleCam frames them exactly as
+-- it always has -- just placed at a fixed spot rather than a found one.
+--
+-- Away from the origin on purpose. The coordinates run through the camera
+-- solve, the sun's frustum fit and the projection to Game Boy pixels, and
+-- putting a stage at (0, 0) is the kind of thing that hides a sign error for
+-- months.
+StadiumStage.ORIGIN = { 16, 16 }
+
+function StadiumStage.arena(map)
+  local BattleArena = V.require("BattleArena")
+  local arena = BattleArena.at(StadiumStage.ORIGIN[1], StadiumStage.ORIGIN[2],
+                               "wide")
+  if not arena then return nil end
+  -- the map is carried for its SKY and its palette only -- what kind of place
+  -- the fight is happening in -- never for its geometry
+  arena.map = map
+  arena.discs = true
+  return arena
+end
+
+-- ------- the draws
+
+-- The discs, in the main pass. No wireframe: everything else in this frame is
+-- built a unit per voxel and wears the seams that fall out of that, and a
+-- disc is a turned solid with no grid to draw.
+function StadiumStage.draw(arena, groundY)
+  if not (arena and arena.discs) then return end
+  local m = StadiumStage.mesh()
+  local tex = StadiumStage.texture()
+  if not (m and tex) then return end
+  Voxel3D.seams(false)
+  Voxel3D.glass(false)
+  each(arena, groundY, function(matrix) Voxel3D.draw(m, tex, matrix) end)
+  Voxel3D.glass(true)
+  Voxel3D.seams(true)
+end
+
+-- And into the sun, so the two Pokemon put real shadows on the platforms they
+-- are standing on. Without this the shadow map is empty where the discs are
+-- and a mon casts onto nothing at all -- which, with no ground behind it
+-- either, reads as the pair floating.
+function StadiumStage.cast(shadowMap, arena, groundY)
+  if not (arena and arena.discs and shadowMap) then return end
+  local m = StadiumStage.mesh()
+  local tex = StadiumStage.texture()
+  if not (m and tex) then return end
+  each(arena, groundY, function(matrix) shadowMap.draw(m, tex, matrix) end)
+end
+
+return StadiumStage

lib/Structures.lua

@@ -601,9 +601,22 @@ local PLANTER_SPRAY = { rows = 24, depth = 5 }
 -- states no profile, the honest reading is the one the thin standee pools
 -- exist for: the foliage stands as a per-pixel slab and keeps the airy
 -- silhouette that makes it read as leaves.
+-- `squash`, when given, is the PERCENT of its revolved depth every chord
+-- keeps -- 100 (or nil) is the identity, 50 halves the hull front to back.
+--
+-- A full revolve assumes the drawing's width is also its depth, which is
+-- true of a thing that really is round in plan (a hedge ball, a boulder,
+-- a trash can). A TREE is round in its canopy and thin at every other
+-- reading: the trunk is a stick, the crown is more air than wood, and the
+-- drawing is scenery seen from one side. Revolved at full width the little
+-- tree eats a whole cell of depth and reads as a boulder wearing bark, so
+-- the plan stays a circle and shrinks toward an ellipse: still round in
+-- section, still stepping pixel by pixel, just shallower. The chord is
+-- re-centred on the mid-plane, so the model neither slides nor detaches
+-- from the cells around it.
 local function roundTemplate(S, map, data, cx, cy, groundTiles, N, capRows,
                              NYin, spray, baseRows, bodyRows, wellRows,
-                             taperVox)
+                             taperVox, squash)
   -- The canvas is NX wide and NX DEEP (a hull is round in plan, so its
   -- depth is its width) by NY tall. NX = 16 is one cell, 32 a 2x2-cell
   -- group; NY defaults to NX -- a ball -- and NY = 2 * NX is a drawing
@@ -864,6 +877,7 @@ local function roundTemplate(S, map, data, cx, cy, groundTiles, N, capRows,
                                        + 0.5))
           end
           if spray and iy < spray.rows then n = math.min(n, spray.depth) end
+          if squash then n = math.max(1, math.floor(n * squash / 100 + 0.5)) end
           z0[i] = math.floor(N2 - n / 2 + 0.5)
           z1[i] = z0[i] + n
           -- a row the can's body band was repeated into wears the row it
@@ -975,6 +989,9 @@ local function roundTemplate(S, map, data, cx, cy, groundTiles, N, capRows,
                 n = math.max(1, math.floor(2 * math.sqrt(hw * hw - dx * dx)
                                            + 0.5))
               end
+              if squash then
+                n = math.max(1, math.floor(n * squash / 100 + 0.5))
+              end
               z0[i] = math.floor(N2 - n / 2 + 0.5)
               z1[i] = z0[i] + n
             end
@@ -1298,6 +1315,8 @@ function Structures.buildCylinders(S, map, x0, x1, y0, y1, groundTiles)
   -- voxels the body band is repeated up to
   local stumpCap, canCap, canBase, canHeight, canWell, canTaper
     = 6, 9, 4, 9, 5, 4
+  -- the sapling class's depth, as a PERCENT of the revolved chord
+  local saplingSquash = 50
   do
     local okP, prof = pcall(V.data, "voxel_heights")
     local entry = okP and type(prof) == "table" and prof.tilesets
@@ -1320,6 +1339,9 @@ function Structures.buildCylinders(S, map, x0, x1, y0, y1, groundTiles)
     if entry and type(entry.can_taper) == "number" then
       canTaper = entry.can_taper
     end
+    if entry and type(entry.sapling_squash) == "number" then
+      saplingSquash = entry.sapling_squash
+    end
   end
 
   -- cells consumed by a 2x2 `canopy` group; the scan runs north to
@@ -1439,13 +1461,19 @@ function Structures.buildCylinders(S, map, x0, x1, y0, y1, groundTiles)
         local tall = s.class == "can" and canHeight or nil
         local well = s.class == "can" and canWell or nil
         local taper = s.class == "can" and canTaper or nil
+        -- 100% is the full revolve, so it is the identity: never signed
+        -- into the cache key, and never passed, by a class that has no
+        -- squash of its own
+        local squash = (s.class == "sapling" and saplingSquash ~= 100)
+                       and saplingSquash or nil
         local ground = false
         if data then
           local sig = tsid .. (cap and ("|c" .. cap) or "")
             .. (base and ("|b" .. base) or "")
             .. (tall and ("|h" .. tall) or "")
             .. (well and ("|w" .. well) or "")
-            .. (taper and ("|t" .. taper) or "") .. "|"
+            .. (taper and ("|t" .. taper) or "")
+            .. (squash and ("|q" .. squash) or "") .. "|"
             .. gsig .. "|" .. table.concat({
             S.tileAt[k], S.tileAt[keyOf(cx * 2 + 1, cy * 2)],
             S.tileAt[keyOf(cx * 2, cy * 2 + 1)],
@@ -1454,7 +1482,7 @@ function Structures.buildCylinders(S, map, x0, x1, y0, y1, groundTiles)
           if not tpl then
             local tq, tbg = roundTemplate(S, map, data, cx, cy,
                                           groundTiles, 16, cap, nil, nil,
-                                          base, tall, well, taper)
+                                          base, tall, well, taper, squash)
             tpl = { quads = tq, bg = tbg }
             roundCache[sig] = tpl
           end

lib/TileShape.lua

@@ -80,6 +80,14 @@ local FALLBACK_HEIGHTS = {
   -- the drawing's own straight run is only a couple of rows, because a GB
   -- cell spends most of itself on the opening
   can = 9,
+  -- the same hull SQUASHED front to back (the profile's sapling_squash,
+  -- a percent of the revolved depth): the little trees drawn one cell
+  -- wide -- Celadon Gym's garden trees and the overworld's cuttable
+  -- tree, which are the same drawing on two atlases. A tree is round in
+  -- its canopy but is not a boulder: revolved at full width it fills a
+  -- whole cell of depth, so the plan keeps its circle and shrinks toward
+  -- an ellipse
+  sapling = 16,
   -- round scenery drawn ONE cell wide and TWO cells TALL, standing on one
   -- cell of plot: the Pokemon Centers' potted plants. Carved as one
   -- 16x32x16 hull in the SOUTH (pot) cell -- the drawing's upper cell is
@@ -147,6 +155,7 @@ local ART = {
   canopy = "canopy",
   stump = "cylinder",
   can = "cylinder",
+  sapling = "cylinder",
   planter = "planter",
   billboard = "billboard",
   -- signposts share the billboard treatment but as their own pool at a

lib/VR.lua

@@ -20,7 +20,17 @@
 --     battle or wipe is what the flat screen is showing
 --   xrEndFrame with the projection layer and/or the quad
 --
--- WHICH VR YOU GET mirrors the VOXEL ladder, deliberately: on the orbit
+-- WHICH VR YOU GET is the row's own rung first (see VR.setting), and only
+-- then the VOXEL ladder. STANDARD is the mode described below. The two
+-- DIORAMA rungs are one presentation instead of a ladder -- the world is
+-- always a model on the table, cut to a square viewport (a ball with a
+-- dissolved rim while V-CURVE is on) that the grips pick up, turn and
+-- open out, with a staged fight arriving as a floating disc of map.
+-- lib/Diorama owns all of that; what this file owns is pointing the
+-- mapping at it. DIORAMA-MR is the same with the background keyed green
+-- for a mixed-reality capture.
+--
+-- Within STANDARD, which VR you get mirrors the VOXEL ladder: on the orbit
 -- rungs the world is a TABLETOP DIORAMA pinned below and ahead of where
 -- your head started -- lean in, walk around it; on 1ST you stand inside
 -- at life scale, the HMD steers FirstPerson's yaw and pitch, and FreeMove
@@ -52,12 +62,30 @@ local VRRig = V.require("VRRig")
 local VRXR = V.require("VRXR")
 local VRGL = V.require("VRGL")
 local Pokedex = V.require("Pokedex")
+local Diorama = V.require("Diorama")
 
 local VR = {}
 
--- the row: plain OFF/ON. No hotkey -- the engine's display keys are
--- spoken for, and a headset is not something to toggle by accident.
-VR.setting = ModSetting.new("vr", "VR", { false, true }, { "OFF", "ON" })
+-- The row: OFF, and then WHICH VR. No hotkey -- the engine's display keys
+-- are spoken for, and a headset is not something to toggle by accident.
+--
+--   STANDARD     what this mod shipped: the headset follows the VOXEL
+--                ladder, orbit rungs becoming a tabletop and 1ST standing
+--                you inside the world at life size.
+--   DIORAMA      one presentation instead of a ladder -- the world is
+--                always a model on the table, cut to a viewport you can
+--                pick up, turn and open out (see lib/Diorama). There is no
+--                2D and no first person in it: both are a different promise
+--                about where the player is standing.
+--   DIORAMA-MR   the same, with the background keyed pure green for a
+--                mixed-reality capture.
+--
+-- `true` is still STANDARD's stored value, deliberately: the row used to be
+-- a toggle, and a save that stored it as one must come back on the rung it
+-- was left on rather than falling to OFF.
+VR.setting = ModSetting.new("vr", "VR",
+                            { false, true, "diorama", "diorama-mr" },
+                            { "OFF", "STANDARD", "DIORAMA", "DIORAMA-MR" })
 
 -- How the right stick turns you in first person. OFF is the 45-degree
 -- SNAP this mod shipped with and the reason for it is comfort, not
@@ -152,8 +180,27 @@ function VR.supported()
   return os == "Windows"
 end
 
+-- Which VR the row is asking for: "off", "standard", "diorama" or
+-- "diorama-mr". The one place the stored value is interpreted -- everything
+-- else asks this, so a rung added to the ladder is a change here and
+-- nowhere else.
+function VR.mode()
+  if not VR.supported() then return "off" end
+  local v = VR.setting:get()
+  if v == true then return "standard" end
+  if v == "diorama" or v == "diorama-mr" then return v end
+  return "off"
+end
+
 function VR.enabled()
-  return VR.supported() and VR.setting:get() == true
+  return VR.mode() ~= "off"
+end
+
+-- Whether the row is on one of the DIORAMA rungs -- the modes where the
+-- world is a model with an edge to it rather than a place to stand in.
+function VR.dioramaMode()
+  local m = VR.mode()
+  return m == "diorama" or m == "diorama-mr"
 end
 
 function VR.active()
@@ -208,6 +255,9 @@ local function shutdown(reason)
   zoom, heightOff = 1, 0
   fpYawOff, snapArmed = 0, true
   camMode, fadeAlpha = "explore", 0
+  -- the model goes back on the table where it started: the grab, the turn,
+  -- the viewport's size and the meshes cut for it
+  Diorama.reset()
   status = reason or "off"
 end
 
@@ -286,10 +336,47 @@ local function renderWorld(views, ctl)
   -- three cells behind their own body is a well-known way to make people
   -- ill. The rung still changes the walk and the cards the same way; only
   -- the eye stays where a head belongs.
-  local fp = FirstPerson.engaged()
+  --
+  -- A DIORAMA mode never does either: the world is a model on the table
+  -- whatever the rung says, so first person is refused here rather than
+  -- being made to work at a scale it does not mean.
+  local dio = VR.dioramaMode()
+  local fp = (not dio) and FirstPerson.engaged()
   local battle, battleFloor
   if camMode == "battle" then battle, battleFloor = battleStage() end
-  if battle then
+  if dio then
+    -- ------- the diorama modes
+    --
+    -- The model presents exactly as the standard view frames it -- the
+    -- pivot VIEW_DIST away along the rung's angle, at the scale that
+    -- reproduces that framing -- and then everything the player has done
+    -- to it goes on top: the carry, the turn, the stick's zoom.
+    --
+    -- A STAGED FIGHT does not move the head here (that is the standard
+    -- mode's over-the-shoulder seat, and it is a first-person answer):
+    -- the MODEL re-centres on the arena and the viewport becomes a
+    -- vertical pillar about it, so the fight arrives as a disc of map
+    -- lifted out of the world and left floating on the table.
+    -- what the model is FRAMED to fill: the view the flat screen would
+    -- have shown ordinarily, and the DISC itself while a fight is staged
+    -- -- a disc left at map scale is a coin on a table across the room.
+    local frame = vh
+    if battle then
+      pivot = VRRig.dioramaPivot(battle.mid[1], battle.mid[2])
+      local cut = Diorama.pillar(battle)
+      if cut then frame = cut.r * 2.6 end
+    else
+      pivot = VRRig.dioramaPivot(ow.camera.x + vw / 2, ow.camera.y + vh / 2)
+      Diorama.viewport(pivot[1], pivot[3], vh)
+    end
+    anchor = VRRig.dioramaAnchor(Voxel.angle, Diorama.offset)
+    scale = VRRig.dioramaScale(frame, Voxel.FOCAL) / zoom
+    -- the hand-turn, and -- while a fight is staged -- the arena's own
+    -- quarter turn taken back out, so a turned arena arrives on the table
+    -- facing the head rather than lying across it (Diorama.battleYaw)
+    local dioYaw = battle and Diorama.battleYaw(battle) or Diorama.yaw
+    if dioYaw ~= 0 then mountYaw = dioYaw end
+  elseif battle then
     -- the over-the-shoulder seat the flat battle shot stands in, pulled
     -- close enough for a headset's own lens (see VRRig.battleMount), at
     -- life scale, turned to face the arena
@@ -332,8 +419,11 @@ local function renderWorld(views, ctl)
   -- seat, where its screen is the fight's own 2D scene. The diorama
   -- does without: a hand-sized device hovering over a tabletop town is
   -- clutter, and the panel serves there. No hand tracked, no device.
+  -- (`not dio` for the same reason the diorama never had one: a hand-sized
+  -- device hovering over a tabletop town is clutter, and that is as true
+  -- of a tabletop FIGHT -- the panel serves both.)
   local hand = ctl and ctl.handl or nil
-  if hand and (battle or fp) then
+  if hand and not dio and (battle or fp) then
     Pokedex.place(hand, pivot, anchor, scale, mountYaw)
     if uiShowing() then
       local scr = dexScreen()
@@ -380,11 +470,25 @@ local function renderWorld(views, ctl)
     end
   end
 
+  -- THE WORLD CURVE, for the diorama modes alone. Standing inside a bent
+  -- world is what first person declines on the flat screen too, and the
+  -- battle mount is a placed shot -- but a diorama is a model being looked
+  -- AT, so the bend turns it into a little globe curling over its own
+  -- horizon, which is the whole point of the throw the left stick's click
+  -- makes. Measured against the FLAT view height, so a rung's bend is the
+  -- same bend the flat screen would have drawn.
+  --
+  -- It bends about the scene centre, which for these eyes is the pivot --
+  -- the model's own middle -- so the globe is centred on the model rather
+  -- than on wherever a head happens to be standing.
+  local curveK = dio and V.require("WorldCurve").k(vh) or 0
+
   local eyes = {}
   for i = 1, 2 do
     local v = views[i]
     eyes[i] = {
-      camera = VRRig.eyeCamera(v.pose, v.fov, pivot, anchor, scale, mountYaw),
+      camera = VRRig.eyeCamera(v.pose, v.fov, pivot, anchor, scale, mountYaw,
+                               curveK),
       w = v.w, h = v.h,
       slot = i == 1 and "vrL" or "vrR",
       -- the battle seat is a placed shot, not the first-person rig: the
@@ -518,6 +622,13 @@ end
 --                 and moving that hand up or down drags the whole table
 --                 with it.
 --
+-- The DIORAMA modes rebind two of those, because in them there is no
+-- ladder to step and no table-height to be the only thing worth dragging:
+--
+--   left stick click   throws V-CURVE to its top rung and back.
+--   grips              one carries the model anywhere in the room; both
+--                      turn it and open the viewport out (Diorama.gesture).
+--
 -- Leaving VR is the VR row's job alone (OPTIONS menu or the manager) --
 -- no controller button does it. VR.leave below stays as the API for it.
 
@@ -537,6 +648,61 @@ function VR.stepView()
   end)
 end
 
+-- Put the VOXEL ladder on a given rung, for the one caller that needs to
+-- rather than to step: a DIORAMA mode holding the ladder off 2D and off
+-- both free-roam rungs (see dioramaRung). Handed over by main.lua next to
+-- cycleVoxel and for the same reason.
+VR.setVoxelLevel = nil          -- setVoxelLevel(game, level), set by main.lua
+
+-- The rung a diorama mode holds the ladder on when it finds it somewhere
+-- the mode cannot present: 35 degrees, the standard view's own angle.
+VR.DIORAMA_RUNG = 3
+
+-- 2D is not a diorama and neither is standing inside the world, so while a
+-- diorama mode is live the ladder is held on an orbit rung. Cheap enough to
+-- ask every frame: it is a table read and, almost always, no write.
+local function dioramaRung()
+  pcall(function()
+    if not VR.setVoxelLevel then return end
+    local Pipelines = require("src.render.Pipelines")
+    local level = Pipelines.level("voxel") or 0
+    if level == 0 or Voxel.isFreeCam(level) then
+      VR.setVoxelLevel(require("src.core.Game"), VR.DIORAMA_RUNG)
+    end
+  end)
+end
+
+-- The V-CURVE row, thrown to its top rung and back -- what the left stick's
+-- click does in a diorama, where there is no ladder for it to step.
+--
+-- A toggle rather than a cycle, because in a headset the curve is not a
+-- taste setting with four values: it is the one control that decides
+-- whether the model is a flat slab of map or a little world curling away
+-- over its own horizon, and the player wants to see both, now, without
+-- counting clicks. The rung it was on is remembered so the click gives it
+-- back rather than dropping the row to OFF.
+--
+-- It changes the CUT with it (see lib/Diorama): flat world, square box,
+-- hard edge; curved world, ball, dissolve. One click swaps the whole
+-- reading of the model, which is why it is the click worth having here.
+local curveWas = nil
+
+function VR.toggleCurve()
+  pcall(function()
+    local Game = require("src.core.Game")
+    local WorldCurve = V.require("WorldCurve")
+    local top = WorldCurve.setting.values[#WorldCurve.setting.values]
+    if WorldCurve.setting:get() == top then
+      WorldCurve.setting:setValue(curveWas or WorldCurve.setting.values[1],
+                                  Game)
+      curveWas = nil
+    else
+      curveWas = WorldCurve.setting:get()
+      WorldCurve.setting:setValue(top, Game)
+    end
+  end)
+end
+
 -- Leave VR: the VR row toggled back off and persisted, exactly as if
 -- stepped on the OPTIONS menu, so the next update tears the session down
 -- and the flat screen takes the picture back. Deliberately bound to NO
@@ -545,7 +711,9 @@ end
 function VR.leave()
   pcall(function()
     local Game = require("src.core.Game")
-    VR.setting:setIndex(VR.setting:read() + 1, Game)
+    -- OFF by VALUE, not by stepping the row: the row is a ladder now, and
+    -- one step off STANDARD is DIORAMA rather than the way out
+    VR.setting:setValue(false, Game)
   end)
 end
 
@@ -559,9 +727,10 @@ local function setGB(inp, btn, down)
   end
 end
 
-local function driveControls(ctl, dt, fp)
+local function driveControls(ctl, dt, fp, dio)
   if not ctl then
     releaseInputs()
+    Diorama.releaseGrab()
     return
   end
   local ok, Game = pcall(require, "src.core.Game")
@@ -595,11 +764,18 @@ local function driveControls(ctl, dt, fp)
   inp:gamepadaxis(nil, "leftx", ctl.moveX or 0)
   inp:gamepadaxis(nil, "lefty", -(ctl.moveY or 0))
 
-  -- the left stick click: the VOXEL ladder ordinarily, and the way out of
-  -- horde mode while it runs (the rung is locked there, so the click has
-  -- nothing else to do, and a headset has no ESCAPE key)
+  -- the left stick click: the VOXEL ladder ordinarily, the V-CURVE throw in
+  -- a diorama (where the ladder is held on one rung and the click would
+  -- otherwise do nothing), and the way out of horde mode while it runs (the
+  -- rung is locked there too, and a headset has no ESCAPE key)
   if ctl.toggleChanged and ctl.toggle then
-    if Horde.active then Horde.askExit() else VR.stepView() end
+    if Horde.active then
+      Horde.askExit()
+    elseif dio then
+      VR.toggleCurve()
+    else
+      VR.stepView()
+    end
   end
 
   -- first person's turn on the right stick. SMOOTH TURN ON makes it a
@@ -634,6 +810,20 @@ local function driveControls(ctl, dt, fp)
     end
   end
 
+  -- THE DIORAMA'S GRIPS take the model itself: one hand carries it through
+  -- the room, both turn it and open the viewport out (see Diorama.gesture).
+  -- The stick's zoom still sizes the model under all of that -- the two
+  -- are different questions, "how big is it" and "how much of it is there".
+  if dio then
+    lastHandY = nil
+    local zy = ctl.lookY or 0
+    if math.abs(zy) > 0.15 then
+      zoom = math.max(0.35, math.min(4, zoom * math.exp(zy * (dt or 0) * 1.6)))
+    end
+    Diorama.gesture(ctl)
+    return
+  end
+
   if not fp and camMode ~= "battle" then
     local zy = ctl.lookY or 0
     if math.abs(zy) > 0.15 then
@@ -659,7 +849,8 @@ end
 -- ------- the per-frame drive
 
 function VR.update(dt)
-  local on = VR.enabled()
+  local mode = VR.mode()
+  local on = mode ~= "off"
   if not on then
     if wasOn then
       shutdown("off")
@@ -703,6 +894,12 @@ function VR.update(dt)
     pcall(love.window.setVSync, 0)
   end
 
+  -- Which VR this frame is, before anything reads it: the diorama's own
+  -- fields (the viewport, the chroma key) are open for the length of the
+  -- frame and shut with the session. The rung guard rides it -- there is
+  -- no 2D diorama and no first-person one.
+  if Diorama.begin(mode) then dioramaRung() end
+
   -- the battle camera holds still for as long as a headset is watching:
   -- its drift is a flat screen's depth cue, and a swaying picture inside
   -- VR reads as the world lurching
@@ -727,8 +924,9 @@ function VR.update(dt)
   -- flips rungs on should be the frame that renders the new rig. The
   -- state is kept in hand for renderWorld too -- the pokedex stands on
   -- the same frame's left-hand pose.
+  local dio = VR.dioramaMode()
   local ctl = VRXR.input(time)
-  driveControls(ctl, dt, FirstPerson.engaged())
+  driveControls(ctl, dt, (not dio) and FirstPerson.engaged(), dio)
 
   local worldUp = false
   if should then
@@ -737,7 +935,9 @@ function VR.update(dt)
       worldUp = renderWorld(views, ctl)
     end
   end
-  local quadPose = updateQuad(worldUp, FirstPerson.engaged())
+  -- the diorama's panel is the tabletop one whatever the rung says: there
+  -- is no first person in the mode to float it closer for
+  local quadPose = updateQuad(worldUp, (not dio) and FirstPerson.engaged())
   VRXR.endFrame(time, worldUp or nil, quadPose)
 end
 
@@ -778,6 +978,7 @@ function VR.invalidate()
   if dexCanvas and dexCanvas.release then pcall(dexCanvas.release, dexCanvas) end
   dexCanvas = nil
   Pokedex.invalidate()
+  Diorama.invalidate()      -- the base's mesh and its cave-floor texture
   V.require("HordeGun").invalidate()
   V.require("HordeHud").invalidate()
   for k in pairs(fboCache) do fboCache[k] = nil end

lib/VRRig.lua

@@ -62,13 +62,25 @@ VRRig.VIEW_DIST = 0.95
 -- and (-d sin a) ahead of the resting head reproduces exactly that line
 -- of sight -- step onto the 35 rung and the table presents at 35 degrees,
 -- onto 75 and it rises toward eye level, easing between them as the rung
--- tween runs. `heightOff` is the grab-drag adjustment, in metres of world
--- travel (positive drags the world up).
-function VRRig.dioramaAnchor(angleRad, heightOff)
+-- tween runs.
+--
+-- `off` is the grab-drag adjustment, in metres of LOCAL travel -- where
+-- the player has carried the model to. A bare number is the height alone,
+-- which is what the standard mode's one-axis drag has always sent; the
+-- DIORAMA modes hand over all three (see lib/Diorama). Positive Y drags
+-- the world up: the anchor is the LOCAL point pinned to the pivot, so
+-- moving it moves the model with the hand rather than against it.
+function VRRig.dioramaAnchor(angleRad, off)
   local d = VRRig.VIEW_DIST
-  return { 0,
-           -d * math.cos(angleRad or 0) + (heightOff or 0),
-           -d * math.sin(angleRad or 0) }
+  local ox, oy, oz = 0, 0, 0
+  if type(off) == "table" then
+    ox, oy, oz = off[1] or 0, off[2] or 0, off[3] or 0
+  elseif type(off) == "number" then
+    oy = off
+  end
+  return { ox,
+           -d * math.cos(angleRad or 0) + oy,
+           -d * math.sin(angleRad or 0) + oz }
 end
 
 -- The diorama's scale, in world px per metre: the one that makes the
@@ -133,12 +145,26 @@ VRRig.FAR = 400
 --   yaw     optional turn of the whole mapping about +Y, radians: the
 --           battle mount faces the resting head at the arena with it.
 --           worldFromXr(p) becomes pivot + s * Ry(yaw) * (p - anchor).
+--   curveK  the world curve this eye is to be drawn with (see WorldCurve);
+--           omitted is 0, the curve DECLINED.
+--
+-- Off by default because standing inside a bent world is what first person
+-- already declines on the flat screen, and the battle mount is a placed
+-- shot. The DIORAMA modes are the case that wants it and asks for it: the
+-- model is a thing being looked AT, so bending it into a little globe is
+-- the whole point rather than a broken tabletop -- and it is what the left
+-- stick's click throws (see lib/VR). Passed in rather than read here
+-- because a rig has no business deciding what a row means.
+--
+-- Beware the shape of the answer: Voxel3D reads `camera.curve` with `or`,
+-- and 0 is TRUE in Lua, so a 0 here really does pin the bend off -- which
+-- is exactly why the diorama's curve did nothing until this became a
+-- parameter.
 --
 -- Returns a table shaped for Voxel3D.camera: raw view + proj, the world
 -- eye and focus (for setLook, the water's lean, the sky), fov as a
--- vertical span, and the curve declined -- a bent tabletop reads as a
--- broken model, and first person already declines it on the flat screen.
-function VRRig.eyeCamera(pose, fov, pivot, anchor, scale, yaw)
+-- vertical span, and that curve.
+function VRRig.eyeCamera(pose, fov, pivot, anchor, scale, yaw, curveK)
   local px, py, pz = pose.pos[1], pose.pos[2], pose.pos[3]
   local q = pose.quat
   local R = Mat4.fromQuat(q[1], q[2], q[3], q[4])
@@ -199,7 +225,7 @@ function VRRig.eyeCamera(pose, fov, pivot, anchor, scale, yaw)
     eye = { ex, ey, ez },
     focus = { ex + fx * scale, ey + fy * scale, ez + fz * scale },
     fov = fov.angleUp - fov.angleDown,
-    curve = 0,
+    curve = curveK or 0,
     skyRay = skyRay,
   }
 end

lib/ViewBox.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+-- RENDER DIST: how much of the map the orbit rungs bother to draw.
+--
+-- lib/Diorama cuts a headset's model out of the world with a box the
+-- player opens and closes with their hands. This is the same cut on the
+-- flat screen, asked the other way round: not "how much world do I want to
+-- be holding" but "how much world can this camera actually SEE" -- so that
+-- nothing off screen is drawn, and nothing on screen is missing.
+--
+-- THE FOOTPRINT IS NOT THE WINDOW. That is the whole difficulty, and the
+-- first cut of this file got it wrong: it took the flat game's own vw-by-vh
+-- rectangle about the view centre, which is exactly right at 0 degrees and
+-- wrong at every rung the mode actually has. Tilt the camera and the ground
+-- it frames stops being that rectangle and becomes a TRAPEZOID -- reaching
+-- much further north (the far edge of the frame is further away, so it
+-- covers more ground per pixel), flaring much wider there for the same
+-- reason, and pulling IN at the south edge, which is nearer the eye than
+-- the focus is. A window-sized box cuts the north field and both far
+-- corners off a world that is plainly on screen: gaps at the top and down
+-- the sides, with sky showing through them.
+--
+-- So the footprint is derived from the camera rather than guessed. The
+-- orbit is one number (see Voxel3D.viewProjection): eye at distance
+-- FOCAL*vh, pitched `a` off straight down, looking at the view centre,
+-- with a fov chosen so a straight-down camera frames exactly vh. Cast the
+-- frame's own corner rays at the ground plane and the trapezoid falls out
+-- in closed form -- see footprint() for the derivation, which is three
+-- lines of algebra and no tuning at all.
+--
+-- The CUT is still a rectangle (the shader's box kind), so what is stored
+-- is the trapezoid's bounding rect: never narrower than the picture, so it
+-- can never take a bite out of it. It is off-centre in z, because the
+-- trapezoid is -- the box sits north of the view centre at every rung but
+-- the top one.
+--
+-- THE HORIZON IS WHY THERE IS A ROW AT ALL. Past about 63 degrees (exactly
+-- atan(2*FOCAL), where the top of the frame lifts off the ground plane) the
+-- trapezoid stops being finite: the camera can see to the horizon, and "all
+-- the ground on screen" is an infinite answer. Something has to name a
+-- distance, and that is what RENDER DIST names -- MAX_REACH view heights,
+-- times the row's own multiplier. Below that pitch the row does nothing to
+-- the picture at all, because the honest footprint is already smaller than
+-- the reach; at 75 it is what decides where the world ends.
+--
+-- AND IT PAYS FOR ITSELF. A cut this file can describe in world pixels is
+-- one VoxelScene can test a whole neighbour map against BEFORE drawing it
+-- -- see shows() -- so a connected map that lands entirely outside the box
+-- costs no terrain mesh, no water, no grass, no flowers and no shadow
+-- pass. Most of the win is at the HIGH rungs, where the camera is nearly
+-- overhead and the footprint is barely bigger than the window; at 75 it
+-- sees half the region and skips almost nothing, which is the truth about
+-- that rung rather than a shortcoming of the test.
+--
+-- WHAT IT DOES NOT TOUCH. The free-roam rungs (1ST and 3RD): the player is
+-- standing IN the world there, and a box around a walking eye is a
+-- fog-of-war circle rather than a model on a table. The rung tween into
+-- them opens the box out with the blend rather than dropping it on a
+-- frame, so diving into a head does not pop the sides away. A headset's
+-- frame is not touched either -- lib/Diorama owns the cut there, and VR's
+-- STANDARD rungs are a tabletop already.
+
+-- the mod namespace (see main.lua): V.require loads a sibling module
+local V = ...
+
+local ModSetting = V.require("ModSetting")
+
+local ViewBox = {}
+
+ViewBox.KEY = "viewbox"
+-- RENDER DIST rather than a V- name like the rows either side of it: what
+-- the player is choosing is HOW MUCH WORLD gets drawn, which is the thing
+-- every game with this row calls a render distance. The mode read -- the
+-- slab with sides -- is what that buys, not what the row is asking.
+ViewBox.LABEL = "RENDER DIST"
+
+-- The ladder, as a multiplier on the footprint the camera actually frames.
+-- Rung 0 is FIT and it is the default, and FIT means exactly that: the
+-- ground on screen and no more. It cannot open a gap -- 1.0 times the
+-- honest answer is the honest answer -- so the only thing the wider rungs
+-- buy below the horizon pitch is margin around a cut nobody can see.
+--
+-- Where they DO decide the picture is at 75, and at the tween rungs either
+-- side of it, where the footprint is infinite and MAX_REACH below stands in
+-- for it: there the ladder is a real render distance and FIT is the closest
+-- horizon of the four.
+--
+-- Geometric rather than even, for the reason WorldCurve's ladder is: what
+-- the player sees change between two rungs is the AREA inside the box, and
+-- that goes as the square -- even steps bunch the whole ladder at the
+-- near end.
+--
+-- The last rung is 0, which is no cut at all. It sits at the TOP because
+-- "everything" is where the ladder is going: FIT, wider, wider, wider,
+-- all of it.
+ViewBox.FRACS = { 1.0, 1.5, 2.25, 3.5, 0 }
+
+ViewBox.setting = ModSetting.new(ViewBox.KEY, ViewBox.LABEL,
+                                 { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 },
+                                 { "FIT", "WIDE", "WIDER", "WIDEST", "OFF" })
+
+-- How far the world may reach when the camera can see the HORIZON and the
+-- honest footprint is infinite, in view heights. Generous on purpose: this
+-- is a backstop for an unbounded answer, not a curtain to draw across the
+-- middle distance, and it wants to land well past the edge of the loaded
+-- neighbourhood so the world runs out before the cut does. Multiplied by
+-- the row, so a player who can see the seam can push it away.
+ViewBox.MAX_REACH = 6
+
+-- The rim under V-CURVE, as a fraction of the shorter half-extent, and for
+-- the reason Diorama.FADE_FRAC exists: a bent world has no straight sides,
+-- so a hard edge across one is a lie about what is being looked at. Flat,
+-- the box keeps its hard edge -- that IS the sides.
+ViewBox.FADE_FRAC = 0.16
+
+-- How far outside the box a map may still have geometry inside it: the
+-- border ring ChunkMesher meshes around a body (RING = 3 blocks of 32
+-- world pixels), which is the one thing a map draws beyond its own
+-- rectangle. A neighbour kept by this margin that turns out to be entirely
+-- outside is drawn and then cut per fragment, which is what would have
+-- happened without the test -- the margin can only cost a draw, never a
+-- hole.
+ViewBox.PAD = 96
+
+function ViewBox.level()
+  return ViewBox.setting:get() or 0
+end
+
+-- The multiplier in force, or nil for OFF -- which is also every caller's
+-- "there is no cut this frame" answer.
+function ViewBox.frac()
+  local f = ViewBox.FRACS[ViewBox.level() + 1]
+  if not f or f <= 0 then return nil end
+  return f
+end
+
+-- Whether this rung is one the box is about: an ORBIT rung, which is every
+-- level the mode has except OFF (level 0, where there is no 3D pass to cut)
+-- and the two free-roam rungs (see the header).
+function ViewBox.appliesTo(level)
+  local ok, applies = pcall(function()
+    local Voxel = V.require("VoxelState")
+    local l = level or Voxel.level or 0
+    return l > 0 and not Voxel.isFreeCam(l)
+  end)
+  return ok and applies or false
+end
+
+-- ------- what the live frame is
+--
+-- Set by VoxelScene for the length of one flat frame and cleared with it,
+-- exactly as Diorama's is for a headset's. Nothing else writes it, and
+-- every reader -- the shader uniforms, the neighbour skip -- hangs off this
+-- one field being nil or not.
+ViewBox.cull = nil        -- { x, y, z, r, rx, rz, invFade, kind }
+
+local function curved()
+  local ok, on = pcall(function()
+    return V.require("WorldCurve").active()
+  end)
+  return ok and on or false
+end
+
+-- How far out of the orbit and into a walking head the rung tween has got,
+-- 0..1. The box opens out by one over what is LEFT of the orbit, so it has
+-- grown past every edge of the frame by the time the eye arrives in the
+-- head and the cut is dropped -- rather than the sides vanishing on the
+-- frame the rung number changed, which is a pop in the middle of a move.
+local function orbitLeft()
+  local ok, blend = pcall(function()
+    return V.require("FirstPerson").blendEased()
+  end)
+  if not ok or type(blend) ~= "number" then return 1 end
+  return 1 - math.max(0, math.min(1, blend))
+end
+
+-- ------- the ground this camera frames
+--
+-- The orbit (Voxel3D.viewProjection's else branch) is: eye at distance
+-- k = FOCAL*vh, pitched `a` off straight down and due south of the focus;
+-- focus on the ground at the view centre; a symmetric frustum whose
+-- half-tangents are tanY = 1/(2*FOCAL) vertically and tanY*(vw/vh)
+-- horizontally. Screen coordinates run sx, sy in [-1, 1] with sy = +1 the
+-- TOP of the frame, which is north.
+--
+-- The ray through a screen point is forward + right*sx*tanX + up*sy*tanY,
+-- and with the orbit's basis (right = +x, forward = (0, -cos a, -sin a),
+-- up = (0, sin a, -cos a)) that comes out as
+--
+--     d = ( sx*tanX,  -cos a + sy*tanY*sin a,  -sin a - sy*tanY*cos a )
+--
+-- Drop it to the ground plane from an eye at height k*cos a and the whole
+-- trapezoid collapses to ONE denominator,
+--
+--     D(sy) = cos a - sy*tanY*sin a
+--
+-- with (the sin^2 + cos^2 cancels most of the algebra away):
+--
+--     north of centre : (vh/2) * sy / D(sy)
+--     half-width      : (vw/2) * cos a / D(sy)
+--
+-- because k*tanY is exactly vh/2 and tanX*k is exactly vw/2, whatever FOCAL
+-- is. At a = 0 both reduce to vh/2 and vw/2 -- the flat window, which is
+-- the case the first cut of this file mistook for all of them.
+--
+-- D shrinks as sy climbs, so BOTH grow toward the top of the frame, and
+-- both blow up where D reaches zero: sy* = cot(a)/tanY, the row the horizon
+-- sits on. Past 63 degrees that row is inside the frame and the answer is
+-- infinite -- which is what `reach` is for.
+--
+-- Returns three DISTANCES from the view centre, all positive: how far the
+-- picture runs north, how far south, and how far to each side.
+function ViewBox.footprint(a, vw, vh, reach)
+  local Voxel = V.require("VoxelState")
+  local halfW, halfH = (vw or 320) * 0.5, (vh or 288) * 0.5
+  local tanY = 1 / (2 * (Voxel.FOCAL or 1))
+  -- the orbit never reaches level (75 degrees is the last rung) but a tween
+  -- reads a live angle, and a cos of zero is a horizon through the middle
+  -- of the frame rather than a number
+  local ca = math.max(math.cos(a or 0), 1e-3)
+  local sa = math.max(math.sin(a or 0), 0)
+  -- The screen row the far edge is taken at: the TOP of the frame, or the
+  -- row whose ray lands `reach` out, whichever comes first. Inverting the
+  -- north formula for sy gives
+  --
+  --     sy = reach*cos a / (vh/2 + reach*tanY*sin a)
+  --
+  -- which is always strictly below the horizon row (it approaches it from
+  -- underneath as reach grows), so D below is always positive -- with the
+  -- horizon in frame this never even reaches 1 and the clamp is inert.
+  local sy = reach * ca / (halfH + reach * tanY * sa)
+  if sy > 1 then sy = 1 end
+  local D = ca - sy * tanY * sa
+  if D < 1e-3 then D = 1e-3 end
+  return halfH * sy / D,                 -- north
+         halfH / (ca + tanY * sa),        -- south: the sy = -1 row
+         halfW * ca / D                   -- and the widest row is the far one
+end
+
+-- Open the frame's cut: the bounding rectangle of the ground this camera
+-- frames, times the row's multiplier. Returns the cut, or nil when this
+-- frame has none -- which is the row at OFF, a rung the box is not about,
+-- and a camera that has finished its dive into a head.
+function ViewBox.frame(cx, cy, vw, vh, level)
+  ViewBox.cull = nil
+  local frac = ViewBox.frac()
+  if not (frac and ViewBox.appliesTo(level)) then return nil end
+  local left = orbitLeft()
+  if left <= 0.001 then return nil end
+  frac = frac / left
+  local Voxel = V.require("VoxelState")
+  local north, south, side = ViewBox.footprint(
+    Voxel.angle or 0, vw, vh, ViewBox.MAX_REACH * (vh or 288))
+  north, south, side = north * frac, south * frac, side * frac
+  -- The rectangle around it. Off-centre in z, because the trapezoid is:
+  -- the camera looks NORTH from south of its focus, so there is far more
+  -- picture ahead of the view centre than behind it -- at 35 degrees
+  -- roughly twice as much, at 75 the whole frame.
+  --
+  -- The same floor Diorama.radius keeps: a box smaller than a couple of
+  -- tiles is not a viewport, it is a hole the player is standing in.
+  local rx = math.max(24, side)
+  local rz = math.max(24, (north + south) * 0.5)
+  local bent = curved()
+  local fade = bent and math.max(1, math.min(rx, rz) * ViewBox.FADE_FRAC) or 0
+  ViewBox.cull = {
+    x = cx, y = 0, z = cy - (north - south) * 0.5,
+    -- `r` is what the ball and the pillar kinds are sized by and the box
+    -- is not; carried so the cut table has one shape whoever made it
+    r = math.max(rx, rz), rx = rx, rz = rz,
+    -- a zero band is a hard edge: half a pixel of ramp, which is one pixel
+    -- of antialiasing rather than a stair (Diorama says the same)
+    invFade = 1 / math.max(fade, 0.5),
+    kind = V.require("Diorama").BOX,
+  }
+  return ViewBox.cull
+end
+
+function ViewBox.stop()
+  ViewBox.cull = nil
+end
+
+-- ------- the coarse half of the cut
+--
+-- Whether anything inside the world-pixel rectangle (x0, z0)-(x1, z1) can
+-- be inside this frame's box. True whenever there is no box, so a caller
+-- may guard every draw with it unconditionally.
+function ViewBox.shows(x0, z0, x1, z1)
+  local c = ViewBox.cull
+  if not c then return true end
+  local pad = ViewBox.PAD
+  return x0 - pad <= c.x + c.rx and x1 + pad >= c.x - c.rx
+     and z0 - pad <= c.z + c.rz and z1 + pad >= c.z - c.rz
+end
+
+-- The same question about a connected neighbour, in the shape VoxelScene
+-- keeps them: { map, ox, oy } with the offset in world pixels and the map's
+-- own size in blocks of 32 (the shape prefetch's masks are built from).
+function ViewBox.showsMap(nb)
+  if not (nb and nb.map and nb.map.def) then return true end
+  return ViewBox.shows(nb.ox or 0, nb.oy or 0,
+                       (nb.ox or 0) + (nb.map.def.width or 0) * 32,
+                       (nb.oy or 0) + (nb.map.def.height or 0) * 32)
+end
+
+-- What the shadow pass has to notice: WHICH neighbours it drew is now a
+-- function of the row, and the row is the one input to that the sun's own
+-- signature does not already carry (the centre, the view size and the
+-- rung are all in it). Widening the box brings a neighbour back into the
+-- light's frustum, and a map recorded without it must be redrawn.
+function ViewBox.signature()
+  return ViewBox.frac() or 0
+end
+
+function ViewBox.row()
+  return ViewBox.setting:row()
+end
+
+function ViewBox.sync(value)
+  ViewBox.setting:sync(value)
+end
+
+return ViewBox

lib/Voxel3D.lua

@@ -72,6 +72,14 @@ Voxel3D.FACE_SHADE = {
 local SHADER = [[
   varying float vShade;
   varying vec3 vSun;          // this fragment's place in the sun's view
+  varying float vFog;         // how deep into the map's haze it stands
+#ifdef VOXEL_CULL
+  // where this fragment stands in the FLAT world, for the diorama's
+  // viewport to measure. Same precision reasoning as vGrid below: a
+  // route's coordinates run to a few thousand and mediump has no
+  // fraction left out there, which would make the rim crawl.
+  varying LOVE_HIGHP_OR_MEDIUMP vec3 vWorld;
+#endif
 #ifdef VOXEL_GRID
   // model space, one unit per voxel -- see VoxelGrid. Precision matters
   // here in a way it does not for a colour: the seam is the FRACTIONAL
@@ -87,6 +95,7 @@ local SHADER = [[
   uniform vec3 eye;
   uniform float pull;
   uniform vec3 curve;         // xy = the focus in world XZ, z = k; 0 = off
+  uniform vec4 fogInfo;       // density, start, heightK; density 0 = clear
   attribute float VertexShade;
   vec4 position(mat4 transform_projection, vec4 vertex_position) {
     vShade = VertexShade;
@@ -108,6 +117,32 @@ local SHADER = [[
     // answered. (The pull below is excluded for the same reason: it is a
     // depth trick aimed at the camera's own buffer.)
     vSun = (sunVP * (sunModel * vertex_position)).xyz;
+    // THE MAP'S HAZE (see ForestAtmos): how much fog stands between the
+    // eye and this vertex -- distance dissolves into it, altitude climbs
+    // out of it. Worked out on the FLAT world like the shadow lookup
+    // above (the curve is a trick played on the viewer, not weather),
+    // and per VERTEX: on meshes built a face per voxel the interpolated
+    // answer is indistinguishable from per-fragment fog at a fraction of
+    // the cost.
+    vFog = 0.0;
+    if (fogInfo.x > 0.0) {
+      float fogRun = max(0.0, length(w.xyz - eye) - fogInfo.y);
+      vFog = (1.0 - exp(-fogInfo.x * fogRun))
+             * exp(-max(w.y, 0.0) * fogInfo.z);
+    }
+#ifdef VOXEL_CULL
+    // THE DIORAMA'S VIEWPORT (see lib/Diorama) is measured per FRAGMENT,
+    // so this stage's only job is to hand the position over -- and to hand
+    // over the FLAT one, like the fog and the shadow lookup above: the
+    // curve is a trick played on the viewer, and letting it drag geometry
+    // in and out of the viewport would make the rim breathe with the bend.
+    //
+    // Per fragment rather than per vertex because the diorama's own base
+    // is cut into cells far coarser than the rim is wide, and interpolating
+    // the rim across one of those spilled a whole cell of ground past the
+    // edge of a staged fight's disc.
+    vWorld = w.xyz;
+#endif
     // The curved world (see WorldCurve): drop every vertex by the square
     // of how far its column stands from the camera's focus. Applied AFTER
     // the shadow lookup above and clear of the wireframe's model space, so
@@ -132,6 +167,46 @@ local SHADER = [[
   }
 #endif
 #ifdef PIXEL
+#ifdef VOXEL_CULL
+  // The viewport, declared in THIS STAGE ALONE. A uniform declared in both
+  // defaults to highp in the vertex stage and mediump here, and GLSL ES
+  // refuses to link a uniform the two stages disagree about -- which is
+  // not a broken cut but no scene shader at all (lib/Water states the same
+  // trap at length for `vp`).
+  uniform vec3 cullAt;        // the viewport's centre, in world pixels
+  uniform vec3 cullShape;     // half-size, 1/fade, kind: 1 box, 2 ball,
+                              // 3 the staged fight's pillar
+  uniform vec2 cullRect;      // the BOX's half-extents in x and z, which
+                              // the round kinds have no use for. Two
+                              // numbers because the flat screen's box is
+                              // the WINDOW's own footprint and a window is
+                              // not square (lib/ViewBox); a headset's is,
+                              // and lib/Diorama sends the same half-size
+                              // twice.
+
+  // 1 well inside the viewport, 0 outside it, and the rim in between --
+  // which is a HARD edge for the box (its band is half a pixel wide, so
+  // the ramp is just the antialiasing) and a dissolve for the other two.
+  //
+  // Every kind is unbounded upward and downward on purpose: what is wanted
+  // is a rectangular (or round) piece cut OUT OF THE MAP, and a cut with a
+  // lid would take the tops off the trees standing in it.
+  float dioramaCull(vec3 p) {
+    if (cullShape.z <= 0.5) return 1.0;
+    vec3 cd = p - cullAt;
+    // how far INSIDE the cut this point is, in world pixels: the nearest
+    // side for the rectangle, the rim for the two round kinds
+    float inside;
+    if (cullShape.z < 1.5) {
+      inside = min(cullRect.x - abs(cd.x), cullRect.y - abs(cd.z));
+    } else if (cullShape.z < 2.5) {
+      inside = cullShape.x - length(cd);     // the ball, under V-CURVE
+    } else {
+      inside = cullShape.x - length(cd.xz);  // the fight's pillar
+    }
+    return clamp(inside * cullShape.y, 0.0, 1.0);
+  }
+#endif
   uniform Image sunMap;
   uniform float sunDark;      // how far into black a shadow goes; 0 = off
   uniform float sunBias;
@@ -205,6 +280,7 @@ local SHADER = [[
   uniform vec3 ghostColor;    // the flat silhouette colour
   uniform float ghost;        // 0 = shade normally, 1 = flatten to it
   uniform vec3 dayTint;       // the hour's light on the world; 1,1,1 = noon
+  uniform vec3 fogColor;      // what the haze is made of (see Voxel3D.fog)
   uniform Image glassMask;    // opaque where the atlas texel is window glass
   uniform vec2 glassSize;     // the mask's dimensions: tc -> atlas texels
   uniform float glassNight;   // 0 = daylight .. 1 = the lamps are on
@@ -218,6 +294,15 @@ local SHADER = [[
     // blending keeps those texels out of the depth buffer, so a model never
     // carves a transparent hole out of whatever stands behind it
     if (p.a < 0.5) discard;
+    // and the same for anything the diorama's viewport has faded out
+    // entirely: past the rim there is no world, and a fully faded fragment
+    // that still wrote depth would punch a hole in the sky behind it
+#ifdef VOXEL_CULL
+    float cull = dioramaCull(vWorld);
+    if (cull <= 0.0) discard;
+#else
+    float cull = 1.0;
+#endif
     // the hour's tint multiplies like the sun terms do: it is LIGHT, the
     // same warm or moonlit cast on every surface, not a palette swap
     vec3 rgb = p.rgb * vShade * sunlight(vSun) * dayTint;
@@ -256,6 +341,11 @@ local SHADER = [[
       vec3 lamp = vec3(1.0, 0.84, 0.5) * (0.5 + 0.55 * shine);
       rgb = mix(pane, lamp, glassNight * glass);
     }
+    // the haze stands between the eye and the SURFACE, so it lands after
+    // every surface term -- sun, seams, glass -- and before only the
+    // ghost, which must stay one solid readable shape whatever the
+    // weather (see below)
+    rgb = mix(rgb, fogColor, vFog);
     // The hidden player is a SHAPE, not a dimmed picture of itself. Tinting
     // through `color` could only multiply the sprite's own pixels, which
     // darkens each one by its own amount and keeps the character's internal
@@ -263,17 +353,33 @@ local SHADER = [[
     // solid silhouette. Last in the chain, so neither the sun nor a voxel
     // seam can mottle it.
     rgb = mix(rgb, ghostColor, ghost);
-    return vec4(rgb, 1.0) * color;
+    // the viewport's rim is an ALPHA, so the last of the model blends into
+    // whatever the frame opened with -- the sky, or the chroma key. 1
+    // everywhere without the cut compiled in, which is every flat frame.
+    return vec4(rgb, cull) * color;
   }
 #endif
 ]]
 
--- Two compilations of SHADER: the plain scene, and the same thing with the
--- voxel wireframe compiled in. The wireframe needs shader derivatives
--- (fwidth), the one piece of this a driver can refuse, so it is a separate
--- build rather than a branch -- a refusal costs the grid and nothing else.
+-- Compilations of SHADER, by what is compiled INTO it: the voxel
+-- wireframe, and the diorama's viewport. Variants rather than branches,
+-- for two different reasons.
+--
+-- The wireframe needs shader derivatives (fwidth), the one piece of this a
+-- driver can refuse, so a refusal has to cost the grid and nothing else.
+--
+-- The viewport carries a world-position varying, and a varying is paid for
+-- by every fragment of every frame whether or not anything reads it. The
+-- cut only ever exists inside a headset's diorama, so every other frame --
+-- the flat screen, and a phone above all -- compiles and binds exactly
+-- what it always did.
+--
 -- Each entry is nil = untried, false = unavailable.
-local shaders = { [false] = nil, [true] = nil }
+local shaders = {}
+
+local function shaderKey(grid, cull)
+  return (grid and "grid" or "plain") .. (cull and "+cull" or "")
+end
 local activeShader = nil      -- the variant this pass bound
 
 -- Scene canvases, one per NAMED SLOT. There are exactly two callers and
@@ -356,21 +462,24 @@ local function derivativesOK()
   return ok and caps and caps.shaderderivatives == true
 end
 
--- The scene shader. `grid` asks for the wireframe variant, and nil comes
--- back when that one will not build -- callers then fall back to the plain
--- one rather than losing the whole 3D pass.
-function Voxel3D.shader(grid)
-  grid = grid and true or false
-  if shaders[grid] == nil then
+-- The scene shader. `grid` asks for the wireframe variant and `cull` for
+-- the diorama's viewport; nil comes back when that combination will not
+-- build -- callers then fall back to a plainer one rather than losing the
+-- whole 3D pass.
+function Voxel3D.shader(grid, cull)
+  grid, cull = grid and true or false, cull and true or false
+  local key = shaderKey(grid, cull)
+  if shaders[key] == nil then
     if grid and not derivativesOK() then
-      shaders[grid] = false
+      shaders[key] = false
     else
-      local src = grid and ("#define VOXEL_GRID 1\n" .. SHADER) or SHADER
+      local src = (grid and "#define VOXEL_GRID 1\n" or "")
+                  .. (cull and "#define VOXEL_CULL 1\n" or "") .. SHADER
       local ok, sh = pcall(love.graphics.newShader, src)
-      shaders[grid] = ok and sh or false
+      shaders[key] = ok and sh or false
     end
   end
-  return shaders[grid] or nil
+  return shaders[key] or nil
 end
 
 -- Whether the 3D path can run at all. False on a headless test run (no
@@ -687,6 +796,30 @@ end
 -- answers it, so a caller that never does draws exactly what it always drew.
 Voxel3D.tint = { 1, 1, 1 }
 
+-- The map's haze, set the same way (VoxelScene and BattleScene ask
+-- ForestAtmos, who knows which maps have weather): a table of
+-- { color = {r,g,b}, density, start, heightK }, or nil for a clear day.
+-- nil -- the default -- sends density 0, so a caller that never heard of
+-- fog draws exactly what it always drew, and no pass can inherit the
+-- last one's weather.
+Voxel3D.fog = nil
+
+-- THE DIORAMA'S VIEWPORT, set the same way (VoxelScene asks lib/Diorama,
+-- who is told by lib/VR what the headset is doing): a table of
+-- { x, y, z, r, invFade, kind }, kind 1 for the ball and 2 for the staged
+-- fight's pillar. nil -- the default, and what every flat frame leaves it
+-- at -- sends kind 0, which is the shader's "draw the whole world".
+--
+-- A plain field rather than a require of lib/Diorama, and deliberately:
+-- this file is the bottom of the stack and everything else in the mode is
+-- built on it, so it learns about the diorama the same way it learns about
+-- the weather and the hour -- by being handed the answer.
+Voxel3D.cull = nil
+
+-- What the background is cleared to INSTEAD of the sky, or nil for the
+-- sky: DIORAMA-MR's chroma key, set for the eye passes alone.
+Voxel3D.keyColor = nil
+
 -- The window-glass pass, set the same way and for the same reason: the
 -- MASK belongs to the map's tileset (GlassMask.texture) and how lit the
 -- panes are belongs to the hour and to being outdoors at all
@@ -810,12 +943,20 @@ end
 -- `slot` names which cached canvas to render into (see `slots` above);
 -- omitted is the free-roam world pass.
 function Voxel3D.beginScene(w, h, cx, cy, vw, vh, sky, slot)
-  -- the wireframe variant when the player has it on AND it built; either
-  -- answer falls through to the plain scene rather than to no scene
+  -- the wireframe variant when the player has it on AND it built, and the
+  -- viewport variant while a diorama frame is open; either answer falls
+  -- through to a plainer scene rather than to no scene. The cut is dropped
+  -- LAST, because losing it draws a whole uncut world where a model should
+  -- be, which is worse than losing the seams.
   local grid = VoxelGrid.enabled()
-  local sh = grid and Voxel3D.shader(true) or nil
+  local cut = Voxel3D.cull ~= nil
+  local sh = grid and Voxel3D.shader(true, cut) or nil
   if not sh then
-    grid, sh = false, Voxel3D.shader()
+    grid = false
+    sh = Voxel3D.shader(false, cut)
+  end
+  if not sh and cut then
+    cut, sh = false, Voxel3D.shader(false, false)
   end
   if not sh then return false end
   local name = slot or "world"
@@ -864,10 +1005,18 @@ function Voxel3D.beginScene(w, h, cx, cy, vw, vh, sky, slot)
   -- pitch is the rung's -- the classic frame-hung painting stands.
   local skyRay = Voxel3D.skyRayLive
   local hy = Voxel3D.horizonY(h)
+  -- DIORAMA-MR: the background is a CHROMA KEY, so there is no sky at all
+  -- -- not a green one painted over, but no bands, no disc and no haze,
+  -- because every one of those is a colour a keyer would have to survive.
+  -- The world itself is untouched; only what is behind it changes.
+  local key = Voxel3D.keyColor
+  if key then sky = nil end
   -- where the sky's bottom edge lands, which is what the reflection
   -- reads its bands against (see Water). nil when nothing painted bands.
   Voxel3D.skyEdge = (sky and sky.bands) and Sky.region(h, hy) or nil
-  if sky then
+  if key then
+    love.graphics.clear(key[1], key[2], key[3], 1, true, true)
+  elseif sky then
     love.graphics.clear(sky[1], sky[2], sky[3], sky[4] or 1, true, true)
     -- The sky goes down here, in the one window in this function where a
     -- rectangle is just a rectangle: the depth mode and the scene shader are
@@ -922,6 +1071,22 @@ function Voxel3D.beginScene(w, h, cx, cy, vw, vh, sky, slot)
   pcall(sh.send, sh, "ghostColor", Voxel3D.GHOST_COLOR)
   -- the hour's light, as the caller last set it (see Voxel3D.tint)
   pcall(sh.send, sh, "dayTint", Voxel3D.tint or { 1, 1, 1 })
+  -- and the map's haze (see Voxel3D.fog), density 0 when there is none
+  local fog = Voxel3D.fog
+  pcall(sh.send, sh, "fogColor", (fog and fog.color) or { 0, 0, 0 })
+  pcall(sh.send, sh, "fogInfo", fog and
+        { fog.density or 0, fog.start or 0, fog.heightK or 0, 0 }
+        or { 0, 0, 0, 0 })
+  -- and the viewport (see Voxel3D.cull), kind 0 when there is none --
+  -- which is every frame that neither a headset's diorama (lib/Diorama)
+  -- nor an orbit rung's window box (lib/ViewBox) has cut
+  local cull = Voxel3D.cull
+  pcall(sh.send, sh, "cullAt",
+        cull and { cull.x, cull.y, cull.z } or { 0, 0, 0 })
+  pcall(sh.send, sh, "cullShape",
+        cull and { cull.r, cull.invFade, cull.kind } or { 0, 0, 0 })
+  pcall(sh.send, sh, "cullRect",
+        cull and { cull.rx or cull.r, cull.rz or cull.r } or { 0, 0 })
   -- the window glass: the tileset's mask (or the blank -- the sampler is
   -- declared either way, and unbound is a driver-dependent crash), how lit
   -- the panes are, and the movement-fed glint as the caller last set it
@@ -1127,6 +1292,25 @@ function Voxel3D.endWater()
   if activeShader then love.graphics.setShader(activeShader) end
 end
 
+-- A custom shader for the length of a draw, inside the pass. What makes
+-- this a pair rather than a bare setShader at the call site is the way
+-- BACK: the scene shader this pass bound is module-local (activeShader,
+-- above), so only this file can restore it -- the same restore endWater
+-- performs, without the canvas shuffle. Answers false when there is no
+-- pass to come back to, and the caller skips its draw entirely.
+function Voxel3D.beginEffect(shader)
+  if not (active and shader) then return false end
+  love.graphics.setShader(shader)
+  love.graphics.setColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
+  return true
+end
+
+function Voxel3D.endEffect()
+  if not active then return end
+  love.graphics.setColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
+  if activeShader then love.graphics.setShader(activeShader) end
+end
+
 -- Whether a reflective water pass can run in this frame at all -- there is
 -- a depth texture to read. Callers use it to choose between the water
 -- shader and an ordinary terrain draw before they start moving canvases.
@@ -1159,6 +1343,30 @@ function Voxel3D.seams(on)
         on and VoxelGrid.DARK or 0)
 end
 
+-- ADDITIVE for the length of a draw, or nil to put the pass back the way
+-- it was found.
+--
+-- Exactly one thing asks for this: the flame and gas primitives on a
+-- STADIUM battle model (Charmander's tail, Weezing's cloud -- see
+-- StadiumRig). Those are light, not surface: they are drawn over a body
+-- that is already in the depth buffer and they must ADD to it rather than
+-- replace it, or the flame comes out as an opaque orange sticker.
+--
+-- Depth WRITES go off with the blend, and for the usual reason -- a
+-- translucent thing that wrote depth would punch whatever comes after it
+-- out of the frame. The test stays on, so a flame behind a tree is still
+-- behind the tree.
+function Voxel3D.blend(mode)
+  if not active then return end
+  if mode == "add" then
+    pcall(love.graphics.setBlendMode, "add", "alphamultiply")
+    pcall(love.graphics.setDepthMode, "lequal", false)
+  else
+    pcall(love.graphics.setBlendMode, "alpha", "alphamultiply")
+    pcall(love.graphics.setDepthMode, "lequal", true)
+  end
+end
+
 -- Whether what is drawn next may consult the glass mask. false for the
 -- length of a sprite-sheet pass, true to put it back.
 --

lib/VoxelScene.lua

@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ local DayNight = V.require("DayNight")
 local FirstPerson = V.require("FirstPerson")
 local BattleBillboard = V.require("BattleBillboard")
 local Pokedex = V.require("Pokedex")
+local Diorama = V.require("Diorama")
+local ViewBox = V.require("ViewBox")
 local PaletteFX = require("src.render.PaletteFX")
 local Map = require("src.world.Map")
 
@@ -622,10 +624,12 @@ local function drawCast(state, posed, atlasFor)
                  ShadowMap.snug(caster))
   end)
   for _, nb in ipairs(state.neighbors or {}) do
-    eachFigure(nb.map, nb.ox, nb.oy, function(mesh, model, caster)
-      Voxel3D.draw(mesh, atlasFor(nb.map), model, figPull,
-                   ShadowMap.snug(caster))
-    end)
+    if ViewBox.showsMap(nb) then
+      eachFigure(nb.map, nb.ox, nb.oy, function(mesh, model, caster)
+        Voxel3D.draw(mesh, atlasFor(nb.map), model, figPull,
+                     ShadowMap.snug(caster))
+      end)
+    end
   end
   -- and the seams are back on for the terrain art that follows: grass and
   -- flowers are the world's own drawing, not people
@@ -769,6 +773,11 @@ local function shadowSignature(terrain, nbMesh, posed, cx, cy, vw, vh)
   -- and the sprite cards swap frames as it circles them, so a turn on the
   -- spot re-fits and redraws exactly like a camera move ("" outside 1ST)
   put(FirstPerson.signature())
+  -- and the window box, because WHICH neighbours went into the light is a
+  -- function of it (see ViewBox.signature): opening the row out brings a
+  -- map back inside the cut, and a sun map recorded without it would leave
+  -- that map standing in its own unlit shadow
+  put(ViewBox.signature())
   put(tostring(terrain))
   for i = 1, #nbMesh do put(tostring(nbMesh[i])) end
   for _, p in ipairs(posed) do
@@ -802,9 +811,16 @@ local function castShadows(state, terrain, nbMesh, posed, cx, cy, vw, vh,
   if not ShadowMap.begin(cx, cy, vw, vh) then return end
 
   ShadowMap.draw(terrain, atlasFor(state.map), nil)
+  -- The window box's coarse cut, here and at every neighbour loop below
+  -- (lib/ViewBox): a connected map lying entirely outside this frame's
+  -- viewport has nothing inside it that could reach the picture, so it is
+  -- not submitted at all. True for every map whenever there is no box,
+  -- which is every frame the row is OFF and every headset frame.
   for i, nb in ipairs(state.neighbors or {}) do
-    ShadowMap.draw(nbMesh[i], atlasFor(nb.map),
-                   Mat4.translate(nb.ox, 0, nb.oy))
+    if ViewBox.showsMap(nb) then
+      ShadowMap.draw(nbMesh[i], atlasFor(nb.map),
+                     Mat4.translate(nb.ox, 0, nb.oy))
+    end
   end
   -- The water surface, which the terrain mesh no longer carries (it is its
   -- own reflective pass now -- see Water). The sun still has to see it, or
@@ -812,8 +828,10 @@ local function castShadows(state, terrain, nbMesh, posed, cx, cy, vw, vh,
   -- far plane answers for the surface a shoreline tree's shadow falls on.
   ShadowMap.draw(water, atlasFor(state.map), nil)
   for i, nb in ipairs(state.neighbors or {}) do
-    ShadowMap.draw(nbWater and nbWater[i], atlasFor(nb.map),
-                   Mat4.translate(nb.ox, 0, nb.oy))
+    if ViewBox.showsMap(nb) then
+      ShadowMap.draw(nbWater and nbWater[i], atlasFor(nb.map),
+                     Mat4.translate(nb.ox, 0, nb.oy))
+    end
   end
   -- flower billboards live outside the terrain mesh (they draw after the
   -- characters, pulled -- see render), but the sun still sees them: a
@@ -824,8 +842,10 @@ local function castShadows(state, terrain, nbMesh, posed, cx, cy, vw, vh,
   ShadowMap.draw(ChunkMesher.flowers(state.map), atlasFor(state.map),
                  ShadowMap.snug(nil))
   for _, nb in ipairs(state.neighbors or {}) do
-    ShadowMap.draw(ChunkMesher.flowers(nb.map), atlasFor(nb.map),
-                   ShadowMap.snug(Mat4.translate(nb.ox, 0, nb.oy)))
+    if ViewBox.showsMap(nb) then
+      ShadowMap.draw(ChunkMesher.flowers(nb.map), atlasFor(nb.map),
+                     ShadowMap.snug(Mat4.translate(nb.ox, 0, nb.oy)))
+    end
   end
   -- From here down it is the CAST, marked as such in the map (see
   -- ShadowMap.sprites) so water can decline them: everything the world casts
@@ -838,9 +858,11 @@ local function castShadows(state, terrain, nbMesh, posed, cx, cy, vw, vh,
     ShadowMap.draw(mesh, atlasFor(state.map), ShadowMap.snug(caster))
   end)
   for _, nb in ipairs(state.neighbors or {}) do
-    eachFigure(nb.map, nb.ox, nb.oy, function(mesh, _, caster)
-      ShadowMap.draw(mesh, atlasFor(nb.map), ShadowMap.snug(caster))
-    end)
+    if ViewBox.showsMap(nb) then
+      eachFigure(nb.map, nb.ox, nb.oy, function(mesh, _, caster)
+        ShadowMap.draw(mesh, atlasFor(nb.map), ShadowMap.snug(caster))
+      end)
+    end
   end
   for _, p in ipairs(posed) do
     local def = p.sprite.def
@@ -865,6 +887,16 @@ local function castShadows(state, terrain, nbMesh, posed, cx, cy, vw, vh,
     ShadowMap.draw(BattleBillboard.mesh(), card.tex, ShadowMap.snug(card.model))
   end
   ShadowMap.sprites(false)
+  -- and the STADIUM models, outside the sprite flag and un-snugged, for
+  -- the reasons the flat battle pass gives (BattleScene.castShadows):
+  -- these are geometry, not cut-outs
+  pcall(function()
+    local stageArena, stageY = V.require("OverworldBattle").stage()
+    if stageArena and stageArena.discs then
+      V.require("StadiumStage").cast(ShadowMap, stageArena, stageY or 0)
+    end
+    V.require("Stadium").cast(ShadowMap)
+  end)
 
   ShadowMap.finish(sig)
 end
@@ -904,6 +936,20 @@ function VoxelScene.render(state, w, h, vw, vh, paletteFor, eyes)
   Voxel3D.glassNight = outdoor and DayNight.windowLight() or 0
   local g = VoxelScene.glintStep(glint, cx, cy)
   Voxel3D.glassPhase, Voxel3D.glassGlint = g.phase, g.amp
+  -- and the map's atmosphere, if it has one (see ForestAtmos): the haze
+  -- the scene shader folds every surface into, in the hour's colour.
+  -- nil for every map without an entry -- a clear day, exactly as before.
+  local ForestAtmos = V.require("ForestAtmos")
+  local atmos = ForestAtmos.frame(state.map)
+  Voxel3D.fog = atmos and atmos.fog or nil
+  -- and the DIORAMA modes' viewport and chroma key (lib/Diorama, driven by
+  -- the headset -- lib/VR sets them for the length of one frame). Both are
+  -- put back to nil at the end of this function, so no other pass in the
+  -- frame -- the battle screen's own arena shot above all -- can inherit a
+  -- cut world or a green background.
+  local dioFrame = (eyes and Diorama.on) and true or false
+  Voxel3D.cull = dioFrame and Diorama.cull or nil
+  Voxel3D.keyColor = dioFrame and Diorama.keyColor() or nil
 
   local function atlasFor(map)
     return TerrainAtlas.forMap(map, modeColors(paletteFor, map))
@@ -935,6 +981,25 @@ function VoxelScene.render(state, w, h, vw, vh, paletteFor, eyes)
     cx, cy = eyes.cx, eyes.cy
   end
 
+  -- and the ORBIT RUNGS' own viewport (lib/ViewBox): the flat screen's
+  -- answer to the same question the diorama's box asks -- the map cut to
+  -- the window that frames it, so a tilted world reads as a model with
+  -- sides rather than a map running off every edge. Flat frames only: a
+  -- headset's cut is Diorama's above, and the two must never both be live.
+  --
+  -- After the first-person block, so the box is centred on the camera
+  -- actually in charge and opens out with a dive into a head rather than
+  -- vanishing on the frame the rung changed.
+  --
+  -- Ahead of castShadows, deliberately: the sun draws the same neighbours
+  -- the eye does (both ask ViewBox.showsMap), so a map skipped out here is
+  -- skipped out there and nothing is left casting a shadow it cannot own.
+  if not eyes then
+    Voxel3D.cull = ViewBox.frame(cx, cy, vw, vh)
+  else
+    ViewBox.stop()
+  end
+
   -- A staged fight, seen by the VR eyes: the flat screen draws the battle
   -- SCREEN while one is up (this pass never runs), but the headset keeps
   -- looking at the world, so the world had better have the fight on it.
@@ -965,9 +1030,14 @@ function VoxelScene.render(state, w, h, vw, vh, paletteFor, eyes)
   local function drawScene()
 
   Voxel3D.draw(terrain, atlasFor(state.map), nil)
+  -- the window box's coarse cut, exactly as the sun pass took it: the same
+  -- test on the same maps, so the light and the eye can never disagree
+  -- about which neighbours are in this frame (see ViewBox.showsMap)
   for i, nb in ipairs(state.neighbors or {}) do
-    Voxel3D.draw(nbMesh[i], atlasFor(nb.map),
-                 Mat4.translate(nb.ox, 0, nb.oy))
+    if ViewBox.showsMap(nb) then
+      Voxel3D.draw(nbMesh[i], atlasFor(nb.map),
+                   Mat4.translate(nb.ox, 0, nb.oy))
+    end
   end
 
   -- Without a shadow map (headless, or a driver that could not make the
@@ -999,7 +1069,7 @@ function VoxelScene.render(state, w, h, vw, vh, paletteFor, eyes)
     waterDraws[#waterDraws + 1] = { water, atlasFor(state.map), nil }
   end
   for i, nb in ipairs(state.neighbors or {}) do
-    if nbWater and nbWater[i] then
+    if nbWater and nbWater[i] and ViewBox.showsMap(nb) then
       waterDraws[#waterDraws + 1] = { nbWater[i], atlasFor(nb.map),
                                       Mat4.translate(nb.ox, 0, nb.oy) }
     end
@@ -1072,6 +1142,24 @@ function VoxelScene.render(state, w, h, vw, vh, paletteFor, eyes)
         Voxel3D.draw(BattleBillboard.mesh(), card.tex, card.model,
                      BattleBillboard.PULL)
       end
+      -- and, on the STADIUM rungs, the models -- the same skinned meshes the
+      -- flat pass and the sun already used this frame, drawn again through
+      -- THIS eye. Unlike the cards there is nothing per-eye about them: a
+      -- model faces its opponent, not the viewer, so both eyes see the same
+      -- pose from their own seats, which is what makes it read as solid.
+      --
+      -- On a disc rung the platforms come with them. In a headset the world is
+      -- still drawn -- the player is standing IN it, which is the whole point
+      -- of the headset, so the rung's "no map" does not apply here -- and the
+      -- discs then read as a stage set down on the ground, which is what they
+      -- are.
+      pcall(function()
+        local stageArena, stageY = V.require("OverworldBattle").stage()
+        if stageArena and stageArena.discs then
+          V.require("StadiumStage").draw(stageArena, stageY or 0)
+        end
+        V.require("Stadium").draw(BattleBillboard.PULL)
+      end)
       if battleTex.flash then Voxel3D.flatten(nil) end
       -- and the MOVE ANIMATIONS, standing on the same arena: the
       -- engine's own effects layer on the plane through both cells
@@ -1100,8 +1188,10 @@ function VoxelScene.render(state, w, h, vw, vh, paletteFor, eyes)
   local pull = VoxelScene.pull(lean)
   Voxel3D.draw(ChunkMesher.grass(state.map), atlasFor(state.map), nil, pull)
   for _, nb in ipairs(state.neighbors or {}) do
-    Voxel3D.draw(ChunkMesher.grass(nb.map), atlasFor(nb.map),
-                 Mat4.translate(nb.ox, 0, nb.oy), pull)
+    if ViewBox.showsMap(nb) then
+      Voxel3D.draw(ChunkMesher.grass(nb.map), atlasFor(nb.map),
+                   Mat4.translate(nb.ox, 0, nb.oy), pull)
+    end
   end
   -- flower billboards: pulled like the characters and the grass, MINUS
   -- the depth of 8 world pixels along the view (8 sin a -- the camera
@@ -1119,11 +1209,21 @@ function VoxelScene.render(state, w, h, vw, vh, paletteFor, eyes)
   Voxel3D.draw(ChunkMesher.flowers(state.map), atlasFor(state.map), nil,
                fpull, ShadowMap.snug(nil))
   for _, nb in ipairs(state.neighbors or {}) do
-    Voxel3D.draw(ChunkMesher.flowers(nb.map), atlasFor(nb.map),
-                 Mat4.translate(nb.ox, 0, nb.oy), fpull,
-                 ShadowMap.snug(Mat4.translate(nb.ox, 0, nb.oy)))
+    if ViewBox.showsMap(nb) then
+      Voxel3D.draw(ChunkMesher.flowers(nb.map), atlasFor(nb.map),
+                   Mat4.translate(nb.ox, 0, nb.oy), fpull,
+                   ShadowMap.snug(Mat4.translate(nb.ox, 0, nb.oy)))
+    end
   end
 
+  -- The map's atmosphere -- god rays down from the invisible canopy, and
+  -- whatever drifts through them (see ForestAtmos). Additive over the
+  -- finished depth buffer, so the trees occlude the light and the light
+  -- writes nothing; here in the prop slot, after everything the beams
+  -- should fall across and inside drawScene so VR gets them per eye. On
+  -- the one map that has any, today.
+  ForestAtmos.draw(state.map)
+
   -- The VR pokedex in the player's left hand, last of all: a prop over
   -- the world drawn with real depth, so leaning it into a wall still
   -- occludes honestly. Its frame only exists while a session is live and
@@ -1157,12 +1257,20 @@ function VoxelScene.render(state, w, h, vw, vh, paletteFor, eyes)
 
   end   -- drawScene
 
+  -- the viewport fields are this function's for the length of this
+  -- function, whichever way it leaves (see where they are set)
+  local function done(result)
+    Voxel3D.cull, Voxel3D.keyColor = nil, nil
+    ViewBox.stop()
+    return result
+  end
+
   if not eyes then
     if not Voxel3D.beginScene(w, h, cx, cy, vw, vh, skyFor(state.map)) then
-      return nil
+      return done(nil)
     end
     drawScene()
-    return Voxel3D.endScene()
+    return done(Voxel3D.endScene())
   end
 
   -- The VR frame: the same scene once per eye, each into its own named
@@ -1177,12 +1285,12 @@ function VoxelScene.render(state, w, h, vw, vh, paletteFor, eyes)
     if eye.adopt then FirstPerson.adoptVReye(eye.camera) end
     if not Voxel3D.beginScene(eye.w, eye.h, cx, cy, vw, vh,
                               skyFor(state.map), eye.slot) then
-      return nil
+      return done(nil)
     end
     drawScene()
     out[i] = Voxel3D.endScene()
   end
-  return out
+  return done(out)
 end
 
 return VoxelScene

lib/Water.lua

@@ -463,6 +463,28 @@ uniform float pxAngle;       // radians of view one screen pixel subtends
 // sample to get back to the screen. Declared in both stages, like `vp`, and
 // both are highp here.
 uniform vec3 curve;          // xy = the focus in world XZ, z = k; 0 = off
+// The viewport, exactly as the scene shader takes it: centre in world
+// pixels, then half-size / one-over-fade / kind (0 off, 1 box, 2 ball, 3
+// the staged fight's pillar), plus the box's two half-extents. Water is
+// world like anything else, and a lake left lying outside the model would
+// be the one thing floating in the sky.
+uniform vec3 cullAt;
+uniform vec3 cullShape;
+uniform vec2 cullRect;
+
+float dioramaCull(vec3 p) {
+  if (cullShape.z <= 0.5) return 1.0;
+  vec3 cd = p - cullAt;
+  float inside;
+  if (cullShape.z < 1.5) {
+    inside = min(cullRect.x - abs(cd.x), cullRect.y - abs(cd.z));
+  } else if (cullShape.z < 2.5) {
+    inside = cullShape.x - length(cd);
+  } else {
+    inside = cullShape.x - length(cd.xz);
+  }
+  return clamp(inside * cullShape.y, 0.0, 1.0);
+}
 
 // How far the bend has pushed the world down at world XZ `q` -- the vertex
 // stage's own displacement, as a number this stage can add and subtract.
@@ -940,7 +962,16 @@ vec2 waveUV(vec2 tc, vec2 col) {
 // can afford it -- the colour is a colour, and tc/sc arrived through
 // LOVE's mediump plumbing whatever this signature says -- and the maths
 // below runs on the stage default the moment the values touch a local.
-vec4 effect(mediump vec4 color, Image tex, mediump vec2 tc, mediump vec2 sc) {
+//
+// Which precision that has to BE is not ours to know: LOVE 12 forward-
+// declares effect() under a different one, and pins that matched 11's
+// prototype are the mismatch there -- the same refusal, from the other
+// side, with the water falling back to flat. So the qualifier is a define
+// the Lua side fills in, and Water.shader compiles the pinned form first
+// and the bare one only if that is refused. Whichever prototype a runtime
+// brought, one of the two agrees with it.
+vec4 effect(EFFECT_PREC vec4 color, Image tex, EFFECT_PREC vec2 tc,
+            EFFECT_PREC vec2 sc) {
   // THE DEPTH TEST, done here because the buffer that would have done it is
   // detached for the length of this pass so it can be READ (see the header).
   // Same comparison, same buffer, same result: a building in front of a pond
@@ -1080,7 +1111,14 @@ vec4 effect(mediump vec4 color, Image tex, mediump vec2 tc, mediump vec2 sc) {
 #ifdef VOXEL_GRID
   rgb *= 1.0 - gridDark * columnSeam(hit, sheet, axis);
 #endif
-  return vec4(rgb, 1.0) * color;
+  // and the diorama's rim, over the finished surface. Per FRAGMENT here,
+  // where the scene shader answers per vertex: this stage already carries
+  // the world position it marched with, so the exact answer is free --
+  // and measured on the FLAT world, which is what bendDrop puts back.
+  float cull = dioramaCull(vec3(vBent.x, vBent.y + bendDrop(vBent.xz),
+                                vBent.z));
+  if (cull <= 0.0) discard;
+  return vec4(rgb, cull) * color;
 }
 #endif
 ]]
@@ -1133,7 +1171,7 @@ end
 
 Water._trainSource = trainSource       -- named for the suite
 
-local function source(grid)
+local function source(grid, bare)
   local src = SHADER_SRC:gsub("//@CRATERS", (craterSource():gsub("%%", "%%%%")))
   src = src:gsub("//@TRAINS", (trainSource():gsub("%%", "%%%%")))
   local head = ("#define RAY_STEPS %d\n#define RAY_REFINE %d\n"
@@ -1141,6 +1179,12 @@ local function source(grid)
     :format(Water.RAY_STEPS, Water.RAY_REFINE, Water.WAVE_STEPS,
             Water.WAVE_STRIDE)
   if grid then head = head .. "#define VOXEL_GRID 1\n" end
+  -- effect()'s parameter precision -- see the signature for why it cannot
+  -- simply be spelled there. Empty is a define all the same: the params
+  -- then carry the stage default, which is what a prototype declared
+  -- without qualifiers wants.
+  head = head .. (bare and "#define EFFECT_PREC\n"
+                        or "#define EFFECT_PREC mediump\n")
   return head .. src
 end
 
@@ -1159,6 +1203,13 @@ function Water.shader(grid)
       shaders[grid] = false
     else
       local ok, sh = pcall(love.graphics.newShader, source(grid))
+      if not ok then
+        -- the pinned prototype was the wrong one for this runtime; the bare
+        -- one is the only other shape there is, and a driver that refuses
+        -- both was never going to draw this water anyway
+        local bareOk, bareSh = pcall(love.graphics.newShader, source(grid, true))
+        if bareOk then ok, sh = bareOk, bareSh end
+      end
       if not ok and V and V.mod and V.mod.log then
         -- once, where it can be read: the fallback is flat water, which is
         -- easy to look at and impossible to diagnose without this line
@@ -1224,6 +1275,15 @@ function Water.begin(ctx)
   send("vp", "row", ctx.vp)
   send("eye", ctx.eye)
   send("curve", ctx.curve)
+  -- the viewport, as beginScene sent it to the scene shader; kind 0 --
+  -- every frame neither the diorama nor the orbit's box has cut -- is
+  -- "no cut"
+  local cull = V.require("Voxel3D").cull
+  send("cullAt", cull and { cull.x, cull.y, cull.z } or { 0, 0, 0 })
+  send("cullShape", cull and { cull.r, cull.invFade, cull.kind }
+                    or { 0, 0, 0 })
+  send("cullRect", cull and { cull.rx or cull.r, cull.rz or cull.r }
+                   or { 0, 0 })
   send("screen", { ctx.screen[1], ctx.screen[2] })
   send("cell", math.max(1, ctx.cell or 1))
   -- how much of the view one screen pixel is worth: what sets the relief

lib/WorldCurve.lua

@@ -56,11 +56,28 @@ WorldCurve.LABEL = "V-CURVE"
 -- of the town -- which stops being a look and starts being an occlusion
 -- bug, since what has rolled away is still there to walk into. (The first
 -- cut ran 0.18/0.35/0.60 and every rung of it was a marble.)
-WorldCurve.AMOUNTS = { 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.18 }
+--
+-- 4 AND 5 ARE PAST THAT LINE ON PURPOSE, and they are for the DIORAMA:
+-- once the world is a model being looked at from outside rather than a
+-- place being walked around in, "the horizon has closed over the next
+-- block" stops being a bug and becomes the entire effect -- the town on
+-- top of a little planet.
+--
+-- 5 is the HALF SPHERE, and it is not eyeballed. The drop is a parabola,
+-- y = k d^2 with k = amount / vh, and the parabola that osculates a sphere
+-- of radius R at its pole is y = d^2 / 2R -- so k = 1 / 2R, and an amount
+-- of 1.0 gives R = vh / 2. The diorama's box is cut at exactly half a view
+-- height (Diorama.BOX_FRAC), so at amount 1.0 the model's own rim is that
+-- sphere's EQUATOR: the ground turns 45 degrees by the edge of the cut and
+-- is falling vertically a view-height out. A dome, ending where the model
+-- ends. 4 is the step between it and 3, geometrically rather than
+-- arithmetically -- the effect goes as the square of distance, so even
+-- steps in `amount` would bunch the whole ladder at the bottom.
+WorldCurve.AMOUNTS = { 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.18, 0.42, 1.00 }
 
 WorldCurve.setting = ModSetting.new(WorldCurve.KEY, WorldCurve.LABEL,
-                                    { 0, 1, 2, 3 },
-                                    { "OFF", "1", "2", "3" })
+                                    { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 },
+                                    { "OFF", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5" })
 
 function WorldCurve.level()
   return WorldCurve.setting:get() or 0

main.lua

@@ -85,11 +85,13 @@ local TiltShift = V.require("TiltShift")
 local ChunkMesher = V.require("ChunkMesher")
 local VoxelGrid = V.require("VoxelGrid")
 local WorldCurve = V.require("WorldCurve")
+local ViewBox = V.require("ViewBox")
 local OverworldBattle = V.require("OverworldBattle")
 local BattleExit = V.require("BattleExit")
 local DayNight = V.require("DayNight")
 local DayTint = V.require("DayTint")
 local Water = V.require("Water")
+local ForestAtmos = V.require("ForestAtmos")
 local AntiAlias = V.require("AntiAlias")
 local FirstPerson = V.require("FirstPerson")
 local FreeMove = V.require("FreeMove")
@@ -102,6 +104,11 @@ local Horde = V.require("Horde")
 local HordeGun = V.require("HordeGun")
 local HordeHud = V.require("HordeHud")
 local HordeSfx = V.require("HordeSfx")
+-- LET'S GO: the flick-to-throw capture mode. LetsGo owns the row, the
+-- wraps and the experience math; CatchThrow the session (input, arc,
+-- ring, choreography); Pokeball the animated prop they throw.
+local LetsGo = V.require("LetsGo")
+local Pokeball = V.require("Pokeball")
 
 -- Forward declaration: the voxel pipeline's update hook (registered below)
 -- calls this, and it is defined further down with the settings it drives.
@@ -191,6 +198,22 @@ mod.content.render_pipelines:register("voxel", {
     -- battles and menus, and a CYCLE evening falls mid-fight exactly as it
     -- would mid-walk
     DayNight.update(dt)
+    -- the atmosphere's own clock (shaft shimmer, drifting motes), on the
+    -- same tick so the beams keep breathing through a dialog box
+    ForestAtmos.update(dt)
+    -- LET'S GO rides the same always-running tick, and BEFORE the battle's
+    -- own update on purpose: the capture session poses the Poke Ball here,
+    -- and OverworldBattle.update renders the arena a moment later -- so
+    -- the ball each frame draws is the ball that frame computed. Guarded,
+    -- and loudly: a fault in the capture game must cost the capture game,
+    -- not the whole voxel pipeline.
+    do
+      local okLG, errLG = pcall(LetsGo.update, dt)
+      if not okLG and not V.letsGoWarned then
+        V.letsGoWarned = true
+        mod.log:warn("LET'S GO update failed: %s", tostring(errLG))
+      end
+    end
     -- The overworld battle rides this hook rather than owning a pipeline of
     -- its own, because it owns no pass of the FRAME: it draws under a battle
     -- screen the engine composites, which is not a stage the registry has.
@@ -200,6 +223,19 @@ mod.content.render_pipelines:register("voxel", {
     -- and the whole battle. Ahead of the active() gate below, because a 3D
     -- battle does not require the free-roam mode to be switched on.
     OverworldBattle.update(dt)
+    -- The one-time build of the Pokemon Stadium battle models out of the
+    -- player's own ROM, if there is one to build from and it has not been
+    -- done (see StadiumInstall). Rides this hook for the same reason the
+    -- battle does -- it is the tick that runs whatever is on the stack -- and
+    -- asks exactly once, on the first frame the player is actually in the
+    -- world, so it is never fighting the engine's own launcher for the
+    -- screen.
+    pcall(function() V.require("StadiumScreen").maybePush() end)
+    -- and a ROM the system file picker dropped in the save directory while
+    -- we were not the top activity (Android; see StadiumRomPick.poll)
+    pcall(function()
+      V.require("StadiumRomPick").poll(require("src.core.Game"))
+    end)
     -- The horde, on the same always-running tick and for the same reason:
     -- it owns no pass of the frame, it is a MODE over the overworld, and
     -- it has to keep thinking while a warp's wipe covers the screen (the
@@ -289,7 +325,9 @@ mod.content.render_pipelines:register("voxel", {
     OverworldBattle.invalidate()
     AntiAlias.invalidate()
     ChunkMesher.invalidate()   -- no map id = every cached mesh
+    ForestAtmos.invalidate()   -- shaft/particle meshes and shader sentinels
     VR.invalidate()            -- the mirror, and FBO ids of dead canvases
+    Pokeball.invalidate()      -- the ball's meshes and palette texture
   end,
 })
 
@@ -355,6 +393,11 @@ applyFull = function(level)
   -- the horizon flat. The curve bends the world away from a walking player,
   -- which fights a fixed diorama framing
   WorldCurve.setting:setIndex(1, Game)
+  -- and the world cut to the window it is framed in (lib/ViewBox). FULL is
+  -- the model-on-a-table read and the sides are most of what makes it one:
+  -- a slab of Kanto with edges, rather than a map whose corners happen to
+  -- fall off the frame.
+  ViewBox.setting:setIndex(1, Game)
   -- and the water reflecting everything it can: FULL is the diorama at its
   -- most photographed, and a lake with the sky and the shoreline in it is
   -- most of what makes the model read as being outdoors
@@ -408,12 +451,44 @@ end
 local SETTINGS = {
   { VoxelGrid.setting, "One-pixel wireframe along every voxel edge." },
   { WorldCurve.setting,
-    "Bend the world down over the horizon, Animal Crossing style." },
+    "Bend the world down over the horizon, Animal Crossing style. 1 is a "
+    .. "hint of roll at the frame edges and 2 is the classic read; 3 is as "
+    .. "far as it goes before the horizon closes over ground you can still "
+    .. "walk into. 4 and 5 are past that on purpose and they are for a "
+    .. "headset's DIORAMA, where the world is a model being looked at "
+    .. "rather than walked around in -- 5 curls it into a half sphere, a "
+    .. "town on top of its own little planet." },
+  { ViewBox.setting,
+    "How much of the map the camera bothers to draw. FIT is exactly the "
+    .. "ground on screen and no more -- the shape a tilted camera really "
+    .. "frames, which reaches well north of you and flares wide out there, "
+    .. "not the square the flat game shows. So a connected map that falls "
+    .. "entirely outside it is skipped before it is drawn, terrain, water, "
+    .. "grass and shadows together, which is most of the frame's geometry "
+    .. "at the high rungs. Below about 63 degrees that is all the row does "
+    .. "and the picture is untouched. At 75 the camera can see all the way "
+    .. "to the horizon, so something has to name a distance: FIT is the "
+    .. "closest, WIDE through WIDEST push the world's edge further out, "
+    .. "and OFF stops cutting entirely. Not on 1ST or 3RD -- you are "
+    .. "standing in the world there -- and the box opens out and away as "
+    .. "the camera dives in." },
   { Water.setting,
     "Reflections on water. FULL adds screen-space reflections of the "
     .. "shoreline, the trees and the buildings behind it; SKY is the sky, "
     .. "the sun and the moon alone, which is most of the look for a "
     .. "fraction of the cost." },
+  -- `full` for the AA reason: additive shafts are fill rate, and under 4X
+  -- supersampling that is a question about the hardware, not the look.
+  { ForestAtmos.setting,
+    "The air of the deep woods (Viridian Forest): a ground haze, and "
+    .. "volumetric light let down through the unseen canopy overhead -- "
+    .. "gold spears of sun by day, silver moon rays at night, pollen "
+    .. "drifting through the beams and fireflies once they cool. LOW "
+    .. "keeps the haze, halves the beam march and stands the particles "
+    .. "down. On a phone the row offers LOW alone: the beams need a "
+    .. "depth texture the pass can read back, and no mobile driver here "
+    .. "grants one.",
+    full = true },
   -- `full` marks a row FULL does not take away. FULL owns the diorama's own
   -- knobs; what a battle is drawn over, and how it is framed, are not that.
   -- Off the OPTIONS menu while VR is on: the headset REQUIRES staged
@@ -421,8 +496,18 @@ local SETTINGS = {
   -- and forbids back sprites (backPinned answers false), so both rows
   -- decide nothing there and a dead switch on the menu reads as broken.
   { OverworldBattle.setting,
-    "Fight on the map: the battle draws over the nearest clear ground, "
-    .. "shot over the shoulder with a slow parallax drift.",
+    "Fight in three dimensions, shot over the shoulder with a slow parallax "
+    .. "drift. 2D-3D stands the game's own battle pics up as cards; STADIUM "
+    .. "replaces them with the Pokemon Stadium battle models, animated, "
+    .. "playing the animation the move being used actually calls for. A "
+    .. "stages the fight on the MAP -- the nearest clear ground, in that "
+    .. "place's own weather and light; B stands it on two discs against the "
+    .. "sky instead, which works everywhere, including the caves and shop "
+    .. "floors that have nowhere to stage a fight. The STADIUM rungs only "
+    .. "appear once the models have been built, and building them needs a "
+    .. "Pokemon Stadium (US) 1.0 ROM of your own -- import it from the "
+    .. "STADIUM ROM row, or drop it in the baseroms folder and restart. No "
+    .. "other version works: the reader is keyed to that one cartridge.",
     when = function() return not VR.enabled() end, full = true },
   -- Only offered while a fight can actually be staged on the map: with 3D-BTL
   -- off the engine draws the classic screen, which is this row's ON already,
@@ -433,6 +518,22 @@ local SETTINGS = {
     .. "The foe is still out there on its own tile.",
     when = function() return stagedBattles() and not VR.enabled() end,
     full = true },
+  -- `full` like the battle rows: this is a GAMEPLAY mode, not a knob on
+  -- the diorama, so the FULL preset neither sets it nor takes it away.
+  { LetsGo.setting,
+    "Pokemon GO-style catching, staged in the 3D battle. Flick the mouse, "
+    .. "a finger or the right stick to throw the ball at the wild Pokemon "
+    .. "-- spin it first for a curve -- and land inside the shrinking "
+    .. "ring for a NICE, GREAT or EXCELLENT that raises the catch odds. "
+    .. "CATCH ONLY changes nothing else: picking a ball in battle simply "
+    .. "plays the throw. FULL is the whole Let's Go treatment: wild "
+    .. "encounters open straight in throwing mode (B backs out to the "
+    .. "classic menu), Poke/Great/Ultra Balls are half price, and a catch "
+    .. "pays the whole party experience -- scaled by throw quality, first "
+    .. "throws, new species and your running catch combo. Needs 3D-BTL "
+    .. "on; anywhere the staged fight cannot stand, balls quietly throw "
+    .. "the classic way.",
+    full = true },
   { DayNight.setting,
     "What time it is outdoors: pin the sky to DAY, NIGHT, DUSK or DAWN, "
     .. "let CYCLE run it -- ten minutes of sun, ten of moon, with the "
@@ -456,9 +557,18 @@ local SETTINGS = {
   -- `full` for the same reason as AA: not a knob on the look, a question
   -- about the hardware on the desk.
   { VR.setting,
-    "PCVR through OpenXR (SteamVR, Oculus, WMR). The diorama becomes a "
-    .. "tabletop model your head moves around; the 1ST rung stands you "
-    .. "inside the world at life size, looking where the headset looks. "
+    "PCVR through OpenXR (SteamVR, Oculus, WMR). STANDARD follows the VOXEL "
+    .. "ladder: the orbit rungs become a tabletop model your head moves "
+    .. "around, and the 1ST rung stands you inside the world at life size, "
+    .. "looking where the headset looks. DIORAMA is one presentation "
+    .. "instead -- the world always a model, cut to a square viewport you "
+    .. "grab with the grips to carry, turn and open out, with a "
+    .. "fight arriving as a floating disc of the map. There is no 2D and "
+    .. "no first person in it, and the left stick's click throws V-CURVE "
+    .. "to its top rung and back -- which turns the square cut into a ball "
+    .. "with a dissolved rim, because a bent world has no straight sides. "
+    .. "DIORAMA-MR is the same with the background keyed green, for a "
+    .. "mixed-reality capture. "
     .. "Menus and dialogs float on a panel. Needs a Windows OpenXR runtime "
     .. "and the mod running from a real folder; without them the row stays "
     .. "and the game stays flat, with the reason on the console.",
@@ -475,7 +585,10 @@ local SETTINGS = {
     .. "world past a head that did not move, which is the most reliable way "
     .. "to make somebody ill in a headset. Turn it on if you have your sea "
     .. "legs and want the continuity.",
-    when = function() return VR.enabled() end, full = true },
+    -- and only under STANDARD: the stick turns a HEAD, and neither diorama
+    -- mode has the player standing in the world to be turned
+    when = function() return VR.enabled() and not VR.dioramaMode() end,
+    full = true },
 }
 
 local schema = {}
@@ -496,7 +609,7 @@ mod.options:define(schema)
 --   5  V-GRID   toggle the wireframe         (new)
 --   6  T-SHIFT  cycle the blur ladder        (was 9)
 --   7  V-CURVE  cycle the horizon bend       (new)
---   8  3D-BTL   toggle overworld battles     (new)
+--   8  3D-BTL   cycle overworld battles      (new)
 --   9  WATER    cycle the water reflections  (new; 9 was T-SHIFT's old key)
 --
 -- Only 6 arrives by the documented route. Game:keypressed answers the
@@ -561,10 +674,29 @@ local function cycleVoxel(game)
   return true
 end
 
+-- The same, to a NAMED rung rather than one step on: what a diorama mode
+-- holds the ladder with, since 2D and both free-roam rungs are things it
+-- cannot present (see VR.setVoxelLevel). Everything after the setLevel is
+-- the engine work above, for the same reasons.
+local function setVoxelLevel(game, level)
+  local Pipelines = require("src.render.Pipelines")
+  if Horde.viewLocked() then return false end
+  if Pipelines.level("voxel") == level then return false end
+  Pipelines.setLevel("voxel", level)
+  Pipelines.syncOptions(game.save.options)
+  game.save.options.tilt = 0
+  game.save.options.gbcfx = 0
+  require("src.render.GBCFX").setLevel(0)
+  require("src.render.Tilt").setLevel(game.save.options.tilt or 0)
+  game:writeOptions()
+  return true
+end
+
 -- The VR stick click makes this same step (VR.stepView): the function is
 -- a local of this file, so the handoff is explicit rather than a
 -- reimplementation drifting out of date in lib/VR.lua.
 VR.cycleVoxel = cycleVoxel
+VR.setVoxelLevel = setVoxelLevel
 
 do
   local Game = require("src.core.Game")
@@ -779,6 +911,19 @@ mod.hooks:wrap("ui.options.rows", function(next, game, rows)
                     and (not entry.when or entry.when())
     if offered then extra[#extra + 1] = entry[1]:row() end
   end
+  -- and the ROM import, which is an ACTION and not a setting: there is no
+  -- rung to store, nothing for the mod manager's page to persist and nothing
+  -- to restore on the next boot, so it is appended here rather than living in
+  -- SETTINGS. nil on a platform with no file dialog, which takes it off the
+  -- menu rather than offering a button that cannot do anything.
+  -- On EVERY platform. Where there is no file dialog it says WHERE? and
+  -- shows the folder to put the cartridge in, which is the one thing a
+  -- player on a phone could not otherwise find out -- the row used to vanish
+  -- there, which reads as the feature being missing rather than manual.
+  local okPick, importRow = pcall(function()
+    return V.require("StadiumRomPick").row()
+  end)
+  if okPick and importRow then extra[#extra + 1] = importRow end
   return insertGrouped(out, extra)
 end)
 
@@ -878,6 +1023,9 @@ mod.events:on("map.reloaded", function(payload)
   if payload and payload.reason == "colors" then return end
   local mapId = payload and (payload.mapId or (payload.map and payload.map.id))
   if mapId then ChunkMesher.invalidate(mapId) end
+  -- the atmosphere's layout stands on the same carved stamps the meshes
+  -- do, so it goes stale on exactly the same event
+  if mapId then ForestAtmos.invalidate(mapId) end
 end)
 
 -- ------- rows come and go, so the menu has to notice
@@ -1023,6 +1171,15 @@ end
 -- become the same eight buttons. See lib/Horde.lua.
 Horde.install()
 
+-- ------- LET'S GO capture mode
+--
+-- After every other input seam on purpose: while a throw is being aimed
+-- the capture's mouse and touch wraps are the OUTERMOST, so the flick is
+-- read before anything else can claim the pointer -- and outside the aim
+-- they forward every byte untouched. The battle-side wraps (throwBall,
+-- safariAction) and the experience hooks install here too.
+LetsGo.install()
+
 -- ------- edge-anchored menus stay in the GB frame while a headset is live
 --
 -- The engine's zoom-aware anchoring (Renderer:setUIAnchor) docks the START

manifest.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "id": "DRAMATIC_SHAPE",
   "name": "Dramatic Shape Voxel Mod",
-  "version": "1.5.5",
+  "version": "1.7.2",
   "api": 2,
   "entry": "main.lua",
   "profile": "content",
@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@
   "priority": 100,
   "dependencies": [],
   "optional_dependencies": [],
-  "conflicts": [],
+  "conflicts": ["ds_fp_ceiling"],
   "permissions": [
     "engine_internals"
   ],
   "affects_link": false,
-  "description": "A full 3D diorama overworld: extruded terrain, depth-buffered occlusion, voxel characters and a tilt-shift miniature pass -- and battles fought on the map itself, shot over the shoulder at the nearest clear ground with a slow parallax drift and a depth-of-field pass. Water reflects the sky, the sun, the moon and -- through a screen-space ray march -- the shoreline standing behind it. Registers two render pipelines and claims hotkeys 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 -- 3 and 5 displace the engine's TILT and GBC FX keys, both still reachable on the OPTIONS menu. Presentational only: it changes what a battle is drawn over, never where anybody stands.",
+  "description": "Draws the overworld as a 3D diorama.",
   "github": "DramaticShape/DramaticShapeVoxelMod"
 }

mod.card

@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ return {
     changed = {
       "with VOXEL on, the overworld draws as 3D geometry instead of flat tiles",
       "occlusion comes from a depth buffer rather than a y-sort, so buildings really hide what is behind them",
-      "with 3D-BTL on, a battle draws over the map's nearest clear ground instead of over a white field",
+      "with 3D-BTL on 2D-3D A, a battle draws over the map's nearest clear ground instead of over a white field",
+      "with 3D-BTL on a B rung, the fight is staged on two discs against the sky with no map drawn at all, which works on every map including the caves and shop floors that have nowhere to stage a fight",
+      "with 3D-BTL on STADIUM A or STADIUM B, the same fight is staged with the Pokemon Stadium battle models in place of the flat pics -- 148 of the 151 species, skinned and animated, playing the animation the move being used actually calls for; Exeggutor, Tangela and Magmar have corrupt animation data at source and keep their battle sprites",
       "the battle's text box and menu are frosted glass over that ground rather than an opaque white slab, on the same panels the HUDs sit on",
       "the map's NPCs are culled for the length of a battle, so the wipe plays over an empty map",
       "a battle's letterbox voids go black rather than white, because the battle canvas is no longer white",
@@ -31,10 +33,12 @@ return {
       "V-GRID on hotkey 5 and V-CURVE on hotkey 7",
       "Q and E zoom whichever camera is in front of you -- the third-person boom, a staged battle's lens, or the engine's own survey zoom on an orbit rung -- alongside the mouse wheel, a two-finger pinch, and the pad's left and right stick clicks (out and in). 1ST claims none of them: the eye is in the player's head and there is no distance to change",
       "WATER on hotkey 9 (FULL / SKY / OFF, FULL by default): the water surface becomes a field of pixel-tall voxel columns rising and falling as waves, reflecting the sky, the sun, the moon and the cast standing beside it -- and, on FULL, the shoreline, trees and buildings behind it, by a screen-space ray march",
-      "3D-BTL on hotkey 8 (ON / OFF, on by default), battles fought on the world map",
+      "3D-BTL on hotkey 8 (2D-3D A / 2D-3D B / STADIUM A / STADIUM B / OFF, 2D-3D A by default), battles fought in 3D -- 2D-3D stands the game's own pics up as cards and STADIUM replaces them with the Pokemon Stadium battle models, while A stages the fight on the map and B on two carried discs against the sky. Only the STADIUM rungs need a ROM, and they are on the row once those models have been built (see below); 2D-3D B is generated in Lua and needs nothing",
+      "the STADIUM animations are driven from the fight: a move plays the animation that species' own battle table names for it (so DIG really does put Diglett into the ground), fainting plays the faint and holds there, and a send-out grows the Pokemon out of the ball and plays the entrance. Damage plays nothing -- the set has no reaction animation in it, and the engine's own flash, blink and HP drain already say so. The eyes blink and go dizzy, and Charmander's tail flame and Weezing's gas are drawn over the body",
       "BACK SPRITES options row (OFF / ON, off by default), which keeps your own Pokemon on the battle menu in its classic slot while the foe stands out on the map",
-      "VR options row (OFF / ON, off by default): PCVR through OpenXR on Windows -- the diorama as a head-tracked tabletop model presented at the rung's own angle and framing on the orbit rungs, life-size first person on 1ST, a staged battle snapping the headset (through a fade to black) into the flat game's own over-the-shoulder seat at life scale, a voxel Pokedex flush along the left controller in first person and in battles (menus, dialogs and the 2D battle screen on its screen; the diorama does without it), the sky and its sun and moon anchored in space (bands, GBC dither and twilight glow alike -- nothing in the sky reacts to the head), the floating panel wearing the GB frame near-square rather than the whole monitor-wide window (scaled into the headset, so the picture and its ratio are identical at every window size, fullscreen included), the window as mirror; needs a runtime (SteamVR/Oculus/WMR) and the mod on a real folder",
-      "VR controllers (Touch/Index/WMR, rebindable in the runtime): left stick moves, A/B are A/B, either trigger is START, left stick click steps the VOXEL angle ladder exactly as the 3 key and SELECT do; in 1ST the right stick snap-turns 45 degrees a flick; in the diorama the right stick zooms and a squeezed grip drags the table's height; no controller button leaves VR -- that is the VR row's job",
+      "VR options row (OFF / STANDARD / DIORAMA / DIORAMA-MR, off by default; a save that stored the old toggle as true comes back on STANDARD). STANDARD is the mode below. DIORAMA is one presentation instead of a ladder: the world is always the model on the table, cut to an invisible BOX centred on the view -- a square slab of world with a HARD edge, because a flat world is a thing with sides -- which V-CURVE turns into a BALL whose rim is a gradient fade into the same sky (the cut reaches terrain, cast, grass, water and the forest's beams alike), with a staged fight ignoring both and cutting a vertical PILLAR about the arena -- always dissolved at the rim -- and framing the model to it: the fight lifted out of the map as a floating disc. The grips take hold of it: one hand carries the model through the room, both hands turn it and open the viewport out. The left stick's click throws V-CURVE to its top rung and back instead of stepping views; there is no 2D diorama and no first-person one, so the VOXEL ladder is held on an orbit rung while the mode runs and the Pokedex stays away. DIORAMA-MR is the same with the background keyed pure green (no bands, no sun, no haze) for a mixed-reality capture",
+      "VR STANDARD (the row's second rung): PCVR through OpenXR on Windows -- the diorama as a head-tracked tabletop model presented at the rung's own angle and framing on the orbit rungs, life-size first person on 1ST, a staged battle snapping the headset (through a fade to black) into the flat game's own over-the-shoulder seat at life scale, a voxel Pokedex flush along the left controller in first person and in battles (menus, dialogs and the 2D battle screen on its screen; the diorama does without it), the sky and its sun and moon anchored in space (bands, GBC dither and twilight glow alike -- nothing in the sky reacts to the head), the floating panel wearing the GB frame near-square rather than the whole monitor-wide window (scaled into the headset, so the picture and its ratio are identical at every window size, fullscreen included), the window as mirror; needs a runtime (SteamVR/Oculus/WMR) and the mod on a real folder",
+      "VR controllers (Touch/Index/WMR, rebindable in the runtime): left stick moves, A/B are A/B, either trigger is START, left stick click steps the VOXEL angle ladder exactly as the 3 key and SELECT do; in 1ST the right stick snap-turns 45 degrees a flick; in the tabletop the right stick zooms; under STANDARD a squeezed grip drags the table's height, and in a DIORAMA the grips take the model itself -- one carries it, both turn it and resize the viewport, and the left stick's click throws V-CURVE instead; no controller button leaves VR -- that is the VR row's job",
       "a day/night clock that reaches the flat 2D overworld as well as the diorama -- outdoor maps only, and only when the hour is not midday",
       "an over-the-shoulder battle camera on a slow parallax orbit, with a depth-of-field pass that holds both mons sharp",
       "a sky behind the diorama at the 75-degree rung, outdoor maps only, coloured by the active palette mode",
@@ -49,6 +53,9 @@ return {
       "WATER on FULL ray-marches the depth buffer per water pixel, so a map that is mostly sea costs real fill rate on a weak GPU -- SKY is the same look minus the ray march, and OFF is the flat water",
       "a screen-space reflection can only reflect what is in the frame: a tree just off the top edge is not in the water below it, and a ray that runs off the side fades into the sky rather than ending on a line",
       "a map with no 3x6 clearing falls back to a 1x4 one, and a map with neither draws the plain battle screen",
+      "the STADIUM rungs need the Pokemon Stadium battle models, and the mod ships none of them -- they are that game's data. Press STADIUM ROM on the OPTIONS menu to pick one with the system file dialog, or drop one in a baseroms/ folder beside the game. It must be Pokemon Stadium (US) 1.0 (md5 ed1378bc12115f71209a77844965ba50) -- every offset in the reader is keyed to that cartridge, and anything else is refused or builds wrong models; either way the 151 models are built out of it on a loading screen, in about ten seconds, into the save directory, and the ROM itself is not kept. Until then the two rungs are simply not on the row. Once built, a rung declines per POKEMON rather than per battle: a species with no pack, a standing substitute doll, and the trainer's own pic before the send-out each fall back to the flat card on that side alone, with the other side keeping its model",
+      "the STADIUM rungs size a Pokemon by its own model against the set's median, with the range compressed -- the authored heights span sixteenfold, from Caterpie to Gyarados, and a shared over-the-shoulder shot cannot hold that. The order and the feel of the differences survive; the literal ratios do not",
+      "three species -- Exeggutor, Tangela and Magmar -- have standby loops that are corrupt in the source extraction, and are held at their bind pose so they stand still rather than coming apart",
       "the arena is where the CAMERA goes -- nobody is moved, so a fight staged across the map is a shot of that ground, not a trip to it",
       "the battle backdrop renders at the GB's 160x144 to match the pics composited over it, so it is chunkier than the free-roam pass",
       "menus and cutscenes are unaffected -- outside a battle the mode only draws the free-roam overworld",
@@ -71,6 +78,7 @@ return {
   },
   credits = {
     { who = "pret/pokered", for_ = "the tile and sprite data the geometry is derived from" },
+    { who = "pret/pokestadium", for_ = "the decompilation the STADIUM extractor was written against -- the bone matrix chain and where scale is applied (func_800143C0), the rotation basis (func_8000F730), the animation and texture-animation samplers (func_80016FBC / func_80017540), the battle context slots and the move-id constants. No code or data from it is included or redistributed here; see README.md" },
     { who = "The Khronos Group", for_ = "the OpenXR loader shipped unmodified in assets/vr (Apache-2.0; full license text alongside the DLL)" },
   },
   compat = { engine = ">=0.1.37 <2.0.0", modApi = 2 },

model_extract/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+# Pokemon Stadium (US) — battle model export
+
+> **Built on [pret/pokestadium](https://github.com/pret/pokestadium).** This
+> pipeline is original code, but it could not have been written without that
+> project's decompilation: the bone matrix chain and the fact that scale is
+> kept out of it (`func_800143C0`), the rotation basis (`func_8000F730`), the
+> animation and texture-animation samplers (`func_80016FBC`, `func_80017540`),
+> the battle context slots, and the move-id constants all came from reading
+> it. **No code or data from that project is vendored here or required to run
+> this** — see the mod's [README](../README.md#acknowledgements--pretpokestadium),
+> and get anything you want to reuse from upstream under its own terms.
+>
+> No ROM data is committed either: everything below is generated from a
+> cartridge you supply.
+
+All 151 battle Pokemon plus 64 other models from the same segment, in standard
+formats. Regenerate straight from the ROM — stdlib only, no `make init`, no
+splat, no crunch64:
+
+```bash
+model_extract/pipeline/build.py
+```
+
+Put a US 1.0 ROM in [baseroms/](baseroms/) (`.z64`, `.n64` or `.v64`), or pass
+`--rom=PATH`. See [pipeline/README.md](pipeline/README.md) for the module layout,
+how the ROM is unpacked, and the generated-effects notes.
+
+```
+viewer.html            browse everything in the browser — open it directly
+manifest.json          every model + what each of its animations is used for
+moves.json             all 165 moves + the animation each species plays for them
+glb/025_pikachu.glb    glTF 2.0 binary: mesh, skeleton, skin, animations, textures
+glb/x152_model.glb     non-Pokemon models from the same segment (props, trophies…)
+textures/025_pikachu/  the same textures as loose PNGs, named <n>_<w>x<h>.png
+js/                    viewer payloads, one per model, plus index.js and moves.js
+```
+
+`viewer.html` has a filterable picker for every model plus prev/next/random, a
+**move picker** that jumps to whichever animation the current Pokemon plays for
+that move, per-animation playback with a frame scrubber, an eye/texture-animation
+selector, and texture/lighting/wireframe/skeleton toggles. It reads `js/`, not
+`glb/`, because browsers block `fetch` of local files from `file://` — script
+injection is what lets the page work when you just double-click it.
+
+Sizes: 73 MB `glb/`, 54 MB `js/`, 7.4 MB `textures/`. Two flags if you want less:
+`--no-js` skips the viewer payloads and `viewer.html` (leaving the glTF export
+alone), and `--manifest-only` rebuilds just `manifest.json`.
+
+`.glb` files are self-contained and open directly in Blender, Maya, Unity, Unreal,
+three.js, Godot, Windows 3D Viewer, macOS Quick Look, and https://gltf-viewer.donmccurdy.com.
+Source file `N.bin` holds species `N + 1`.
+
+## Conventions
+
+- Y up, +Z front, right-handed — glTF standard.
+- Animations are authored at **30 fps**; keyframe times are `frame / 30`.
+- Units are game units. Models are authored 10x and scaled down by the
+  `model_root` node, matching the geo layout's scale command.
+- Textures are `CLAMP_TO_EDGE`, materials are `alphaMode: MASK` with cutoff 0.5
+  (N64 RGBA5551 has one bit of alpha). `doubleSided` follows the display list's
+  cull mode.
+
+## Skeleton
+
+The game keeps bone scale *out* of the matrix chain (`func_800143C0` in
+[src/12D80.c](../src/12D80.c)): scale accumulates in its own stack, a bone's local
+translation is pre-multiplied by the parent's accumulated scale, and the
+accumulated scale is applied to the rows of the finished world matrix only at
+draw time. glTF node TRS instead propagates scale multiplicatively to children,
+so a 1:1 node mapping would be wrong wherever a non-uniformly scaled bone has
+descendants.
+
+Each game bone is therefore exported as two nodes:
+
+| node | role |
+| --- | --- |
+| `boneNN` | pivot: `translation = t * accScale(parent)`, `rotation = R`, scale 1 |
+| `boneNN_scale` | leaf child holding `scale = accScale(bone)`, so it cannot propagate |
+
+The skin binds to the `boneNN_scale` nodes, whose world matrices then equal the
+game's draw matrices exactly. Vertices are already in bone-local space and each is
+rigidly bound to one bone, so all inverse bind matrices are identity.
+
+This was verified by parsing each exported `.glb` back and diffing every joint
+matrix against a reference implementation of the game's own math, over the bind
+pose and four sampled frames of every animation. Worst-case disagreement is
+~1e-2 game units on models spanning 20–40 units, entirely from storing rotations
+as spec-normalised `SHORT` quaternions.
+
+## Animation semantics
+
+Per-species battle data lives in `assets/us/70D3A0.bin`, 0xB90 bytes per species,
+DMA'd into the battle system by `func_84302658` via the `D_80075BD0[species-1]`
+pointer table. It is an array of 0x10-byte entries; byte 0 of each entry is an
+index into that Pokemon's animation list and byte 1 indexes the auxiliary list:
+
+- **entries 0–164** — one per move, in the move ID order of
+  [oldnotes/stadium1/constants/move_constants.s](../oldnotes/stadium1/constants/move_constants.s).
+  Entry *n* gives the animation played when the Pokemon uses move *n + 1*.
+- **entries 165+** — fixed battle contexts (idle, hit, faint, …).
+
+Every one of the 151 species' tables indexes only animations that exist in that
+species' list, which is what confirms the layout.
+
+`manifest.json` reports, for each animation, the exact list of moves that trigger
+it plus which context slots reference it. `moves.json` inverts that: every move,
+and the animation each of the 151 species plays for it.
+
+One caveat when reading move data: the table is **dense**. Every species has a
+row for every move, including moves it can never learn, and those unreachable
+rows overwhelmingly point at the species' generic reaction animation — the same
+one the `hit` slot uses. So "118 species play Thunderbolt" is an artifact, not a
+fact about the game. `moves.json` marks each row with `differsFromDefault` and
+gives a `speciesWithOwnAnimation` count per move; treat those as the signal. The `animationSlots` section carries an
+`evidence` field per slot:
+
+- `code` — the battle code in `src/fragments/62` names the slot outright.
+- `data` — inferred from what the referenced animation actually does, measured
+  across all 151 species. For example slot 167 is labelled `faint` because its
+  animation always ends far from the standing pose (the model drops to
+  0.03–0.84x idle height, or leaves the frame entirely for fliers), while slot
+  168's animation always ends at exactly idle height.
+
+`endBehavior` reports what the animation player does past the last frame
+(`func_80016FBC`): every animation in the game wraps back to `loopStartFrame`, so
+one-shots like `faint` are ended by the battle state machine switching animation,
+not by the player clamping. glTF has no loop flag, so importers will loop clips by
+default.
+
+The common layout, consistent across nearly every species:
+
+| animation | role |
+| --- | --- |
+| 0 | idle / standby loop (all 151 species) |
+| 1 | second idle-length animation, rarely referenced by the context slots |
+| 2 | hit / damage reaction (149–151 species across slots 166, 178–181) |
+| 3 … n-3 | attack animations, selected per move |
+| n-2 | faint (slots 167, 177) |
+| n-1 | entrance / return-to-idle cycle (slots 168, 183) |
+
+## Texture animations (blinking, dizzy eyes)
+
+The second animation list in the model root is a *texture* animation, not a
+skeletal one (`src/18140.c`). Geo command `0x23` carries a channel index at
+offset `0x02`; when it is `>= 0`, `func_800176DC` replaces that material's
+texture every frame from a per-frame stream of texture-table indices.
+
+Charmander's eyes are the clearest example — texture 2 is the open eye, 3 and 4
+are blink frames, and 5–7 are the dizzy swirl:
+
+| aux animation | frames | texture stream |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| 0 | 10 | `2 2 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 2` — a blink |
+| 2 | 122 | cycles `5 6 7` — confusion swirl |
+| 4 | 18 | a slower blink |
+
+The viewer plays these. Each skeletal animation is paired with the texture
+animation the battle table most often sets alongside it, and the `eyes` dropdown
+overrides that. glTF 2.0 has no texture-swap animation channel, so this data
+lives in `js/` and `moves.json` rather than the `.glb` — the `.glb` files carry
+the first frame's texture on each material.
+
+## Known gaps
+
+- **Move effect visuals are not here.** Geo command `0x24` does not draw
+  anything: `func_80014CB8` just records an attachment point (an id plus a world
+  position) on the Pokemon, and the battle system spawns particles there. Ids
+  1–14 are generic and used by nearly every species. So Charmander's tail flame,
+  beams, explosions and the like are drawn by the effect system in the battle
+  fragments and are not present in these model files — Charmander's texture set
+  contains eyes, claws, teeth and skin, and no flame.
+- **The Poke Ball throw/open model was not found.** It is not in this segment,
+  no other `assets/us/**.bin` contains a model fragment, and scanning the ROM
+  ranges of fragments 62–64 for embedded model headers found none. What does
+  exist is Poke Ball *2D* artwork in fragment 29
+  (`fragments/29/fragment29_unk_bin_*`, flagged in the splat yaml). The throw is
+  most likely built from raw display lists rather than a geo-layout model.
+- Files 151–214 are exported as `x<file>_model` with generic names. They are
+  props, trophies, minigame pieces and similar; only Surfing Pikachu (file 152,
+  the same 37-bone / 723-triangle rig as Pikachu) is named with confidence. They
+  carry no battle table, so their animations are left unnamed.

model_extract/baseroms/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+baserom.z64
+*.z64
+*.n64
+*.v64
+*:Zone.Identifier

model_extract/baseroms/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# Put the ROM here
+
+`pipeline/build.py` looks for a Pokemon Stadium (US 1.0) ROM in this folder:
+
+    model_extract/baseroms/baserom.z64
+
+`.z64`, `.n64` and `.v64` byte orders are all accepted — the pipeline detects the
+magic and normalises on load. Any ROM file dropped in this folder is picked up.
+
+Expected md5 of the US 1.0 ROM: `ed1378bc12115f71209a77844965ba50`. A different
+ROM still runs, but the build prints a warning since the offsets are keyed to
+this revision.
+
+Search order (first hit wins):
+
+1. `model_extract/baseroms/baserom.z64`
+2. `model_extract/baseroms/us/baserom.z64`
+3. `baseroms/us/baserom.z64` at the repo root — the location `make init` uses
+4. any `*.z64` / `*.n64` / `*.v64` in this folder
+
+Or point at one explicitly:
+
+    model_extract/pipeline/build.py --rom=/path/to/baserom.z64
+
+The ROM is not included and is not tracked by git.

model_extract/pipeline/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+# Export pipeline
+
+End-to-end: `baserom.z64` in, everything in `model_extract/` out. **Stdlib only** —
+no `make init`, no splat, no crunch64, no build directory.
+
+```bash
+model_extract/pipeline/build.py                    # finds the ROM automatically
+model_extract/pipeline/build.py --rom=/path/to.z64 --out=/tmp/out
+```
+
+The ROM is looked for in `model_extract/baseroms/` first, so this folder stands
+on its own; the repo's own `baseroms/us/` is the fallback. Search order:
+
+1. `model_extract/baseroms/baserom.z64`
+2. `model_extract/baseroms/us/baserom.z64`
+3. `baseroms/us/baserom.z64` at the repo root — where `make init` expects it
+4. any `*.z64` / `*.n64` / `*.v64` sitting in `model_extract/baseroms/`
+
+`.z64`, `.n64` and `.v64` all work — the byte order is detected from the magic
+and normalised on load. See [../baseroms/README.md](../baseroms/README.md).
+
+| flag | effect |
+| --- | --- |
+| `--only=3,91` | restrict to those model file numbers (fast iteration) |
+| `--no-glb` | skip the glTF binaries and PNG dumps |
+| `--no-js` | skip the viewer payloads and `viewer.html` |
+| `--no-effects` | skip the generated fire/gas stand-ins |
+
+## Modules
+
+| file | does |
+| --- | --- |
+| `rom.py` | byte-order fixup (.z64/.v64/.n64), md5 check, archive unpacking, Yay0 and PERS-SZP decompression |
+| `fragment.py` | FRAGMENT module → geo layout walk, F3DEX2 execution, textures, skeleton, animations |
+| `battle.py` | per-species battle tables, move names, animation-context slot meanings |
+| `glb.py` | glTF 2.0 binary writer |
+| `effects.py` | **generated** fire/gas stand-ins (see below) |
+| `build.py` | driver: ties it together, writes manifests |
+
+## Getting from ROM to models without the build system
+
+Three steps, all in `rom.py`:
+
+1. **Byte order.** `.z64` is native; `.v64` swaps byte pairs; `.n64` reverses
+   words. Detected from the magic and normalised on load.
+2. **Archive.** The segment at `0x920000` starts with
+   `u32 tag, u32 0, u32 totalSize, u32 fileCount`, then one
+   `{u32 offset, u32 size, u32 pad[2]}` record per file. Only the top three
+   bytes of the first word are reliably zero — the model archive puts a nonzero
+   value in the low byte, which is the quirk `tools/unpack_asset.py` works
+   around too.
+3. **Decompression.** Each entry is `PERS-SZP` (an 8-byte magic plus a header
+   size, wrapping a Yay0 stream). The Yay0 decoder is ~30 lines: a bitstream
+   where a 1 copies a literal byte and a 0 pulls a (distance, length) pair.
+
+Verified by decompressing all 215 entries and diffing against what
+`make init` produces: **215/215 byte-identical**.
+
+The battle tables need one more hop — `D_80075BD0[species - 1]` lives in the main
+code segment, so `Rom.vram_to_rom` converts `0x80075BD0` using the segment's
+`start`/`vram` from the splat yaml.
+
+## Generated effects
+
+`effects.py` produces **original, procedurally generated** fire and gas. It is
+not extracted game data, and everything it emits is tagged `generated: true` in
+the manifest, the viewer payloads and the PNG filenames (`*_fx.png`).
+
+This exists because the real effects are not in the model files at all. Geo
+command `0x08` attaches a callback (`func_80014A60` calls `node->unk_10`), and
+the model supplies only two empty display lists and zeroed scratch buffers for
+it to fill. The callback lives in another fragment and has not been ported, so
+there is no flame mesh or flame texture to extract — Charmander's texture set is
+eyes, claws, teeth and skin.
+
+The stand-ins are anchored to the exact bone the callback hangs off, so they sit
+where the real effect would and follow the animation:
+
+| callback | species | stand-in |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| `0x810000D8` | Charmander, Charmeleon, Charizard, Magmar, Moltres | tail/crest flame |
+| `0x81000108` | Ponyta, Rapidash, Moltres wings | small flame |
+| `0x810000E0` | Gastly (only) | gas cloud |
+
+Both are looping flipbooks built from tileable value noise, drawn on a pair of
+crossed quads — glTF cannot billboard, so crossed quads are the portable way to
+make them read from any angle. Sizes are expressed as a fraction of the model's
+**height** and divided by the anchor bone's accumulated scale, so an effect comes
+out the intended size wherever in the skeleton it hangs. Seeds derive from the
+species number, so a given Pokemon always generates the same effect.
+
+In the viewer they draw in a second pass with depth writes off — additive for
+fire, alpha for gas — and there is a *generated effects* toggle to hide them.

model_extract/pipeline/battle.py

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+Per-species battle data.
+
+`func_84302658` in src/fragments/62 DMAs a 0xB90-byte table per species out of
+the 0x70D3A0 segment, addressed through the D_80075BD0 pointer table. It is an
+array of 0x10-byte entries: byte 0 is an index into that Pokemon's animation
+list, byte 1 indexes the auxiliary (texture) animation list.
+
+  entries 0..164   one per move, so entry n drives move n + 1
+  entries 165+     fixed battle contexts
+
+Every one of the 151 species' tables indexes only animations that species
+actually has, which is what confirms the layout.
+"""
+import os
+import struct
+
+STRIDE = 0xB90
+ENTRY = 0x10
+N_MOVES = 165
+
+# `evidence` records how far each label can be trusted:
+#   code  - the battle code in src/fragments/62 names the slot outright
+#   data  - inferred from what the referenced animation does, measured over all
+#           151 species
+CONTEXT_SLOTS = {
+    165: ('idle', 'code',
+          'The standby loop. func_8432B0A4 restores this slot whenever the Pokemon '
+          'returns to neutral, and it resolves to animation 0 for all 151 species.'),
+    166: ('attack_default', 'data',
+          'Resolves to animation 2 for 149/151 species, the same animation slots '
+          '178-181 use in the reaction paths. Called "hit" until the move table '
+          'was read against it: it is the animation most of a species\' MOVES '
+          'play, the default attack rather than a damage reaction (the name has '
+          'to match lib/StadiumPack.lua\'s CONTEXT and StadiumBuild\'s CONTEXTS).'),
+    167: ('faint', 'data',
+          'The referenced animation always ends far from the standing pose - the '
+          'model collapses to 0.03-0.84x its idle height, or leaves the frame '
+          'entirely for fliers.'),
+    168: ('entrance', 'code+data',
+          'The default slot in func_8430506C / func_8432AF70. The referenced '
+          'animation ends at exactly idle height, so it is a full cycle that '
+          'settles back into the standby pose.'),
+    169: ('reaction_169', 'data', 'Resolves to the idle animation for 139/151 species.'),
+    170: ('reaction_170', 'data', 'Split between the idle and hit animations.'),
+    171: ('reaction_171', 'data', 'Resolves to the idle animation for 138/151 species.'),
+    172: ('reaction_172', 'data', 'Resolves to the idle animation for 148/151 species.'),
+    173: ('reaction_173', 'data', 'Resolves to the hit animation for 97/151 species.'),
+    174: ('reaction_174', 'data', 'Resolves to the idle animation for 138/151 species.'),
+    175: ('struggle', 'code', 'Passed as slot 0xAF to func_84305A74.'),
+    176: ('idle_alt', 'code',
+          'Substituted for the idle slot when battle flag 0x200 is set.'),
+    177: ('faint_alt', 'data', 'Same animation as slot 167 for almost every species.'),
+    178: ('flinch', 'code',
+          'Used when the incoming move is one of the two listed in D_84384598.'),
+    179: ('reaction_179', 'data', 'Resolves to the hit animation for all 151 species.'),
+    180: ('reaction_180', 'data', 'Resolves to the hit animation for all 151 species.'),
+    181: ('reaction_181', 'data', 'Resolves to the hit animation for all 151 species.'),
+    182: ('reaction_182', 'data',
+          'Resolves to animation 0 for 136 species and animation 1 for the other 15.'),
+    183: ('entrance_alt', 'data', 'Same animation as slot 168 for every species.'),
+    184: ('idle_return', 'code', 'Passed as slot 0xB8 to func_84305A74.'),
+}
+
+MOVE_CONSTANTS = 'oldnotes/stadium1/constants/move_constants.s'
+
+
+def load_move_names(repo_root='.'):
+    """Move IDs come from the repo's own extracted constants when available."""
+    path = os.path.join(repo_root, MOVE_CONSTANTS)
+    names = {}
+    if os.path.exists(path):
+        for line in open(path, encoding='utf-8', errors='replace'):
+            # the file also carries an ABC_* section indexing moves alphabetically
+            # by their Japanese names; only the real move IDs are wanted
+            if ' EQU ' not in line or line.startswith('ABC_'):
+                continue
+            name, val = line.split(' EQU ')
+            val = val.split(';', 1)[0].strip()
+            if val:
+                names[int(val, 0)] = name.strip().replace('_', ' ').title()
+    return {i: names.get(i, f'Move {i}') for i in range(1, N_MOVES + 1)}
+
+
+class BattleTables:
+    def __init__(self, rom):
+        from rom import BATTLE_DATA, PTR_TABLE_VRAM
+        self.rom = rom
+        self.base = BATTLE_DATA
+        self.ptr_table = rom.vram_to_rom(PTR_TABLE_VRAM)
+
+    def offset(self, species):
+        raw = self.rom.u32(self.ptr_table + (species - 1) * 4)
+        return self.base + (raw & 0xFFFFFF)
+
+    def rows(self, species):
+        """Returns [(animIndex, auxIndex)] for every entry, aux 0xFF -> -1."""
+        o = self.offset(species)
+        out = []
+        for e in range(STRIDE // ENTRY):
+            anim = self.rom.data[o + e * ENTRY]
+            aux = self.rom.data[o + e * ENTRY + 1]
+            out.append((anim, -1 if aux == 0xFF else aux))
+        return out
+
+
+SPECIES = {}
+_NAMES = (
+    "Bulbasaur Ivysaur Venusaur Charmander Charmeleon Charizard Squirtle Wartortle Blastoise "
+    "Caterpie Metapod Butterfree Weedle Kakuna Beedrill Pidgey Pidgeotto Pidgeot Rattata Raticate "
+    "Spearow Fearow Ekans Arbok Pikachu Raichu Sandshrew Sandslash NidoranF Nidorina Nidoqueen "
+    "NidoranM Nidorino Nidoking Clefairy Clefable Vulpix Ninetales Jigglypuff Wigglytuff Zubat "
+    "Golbat Oddish Gloom Vileplume Paras Parasect Venonat Venomoth Diglett Dugtrio Meowth Persian "
+    "Psyduck Golduck Mankey Primeape Growlithe Arcanine Poliwag Poliwhirl Poliwrath Abra Kadabra "
+    "Alakazam Machop Machoke Machamp Bellsprout Weepinbell Victreebel Tentacool Tentacruel Geodude "
+    "Graveler Golem Ponyta Rapidash Slowpoke Slowbro Magnemite Magneton Farfetchd Doduo Dodrio "
+    "Seel Dewgong Grimer Muk Shellder Cloyster Gastly Haunter Gengar Onix Drowzee Hypno Krabby "
+    "Kingler Voltorb Electrode Exeggcute Exeggutor Cubone Marowak Hitmonlee Hitmonchan Lickitung "
+    "Koffing Weezing Rhyhorn Rhydon Chansey Tangela Kangaskhan Horsea Seadra Goldeen Seaking "
+    "Staryu Starmie MrMime Scyther Jynx Electabuzz Magmar Pinsir Tauros Magikarp Gyarados Lapras "
+    "Ditto Eevee Vaporeon Jolteon Flareon Porygon Omanyte Omastar Kabuto Kabutops Aerodactyl "
+    "Snorlax Articuno Zapdos Moltres Dratini Dragonair Dragonite Mewtwo Mew").split()
+for _i, _n in enumerate(_NAMES):
+    SPECIES[_i + 1] = _n

model_extract/pipeline/build.py

@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+End-to-end export: baserom.z64 -> glb / textures / viewer payloads / manifests.
+
+    model_extract/pipeline/build.py [--rom PATH] [--out DIR] [options]
+
+Stdlib only. Nothing here needs `make init`, splat or crunch64 -- the ROM is
+read, decompressed and parsed directly.
+
+Options:
+    --no-js        skip the viewer payloads and viewer.html
+    --no-glb       skip the glTF binaries and PNG dumps
+    --no-effects   skip the generated fire/gas stand-ins
+    --only N[,N]   restrict to these model file numbers (for quick iteration)
+"""
+import base64
+import collections
+import json
+import math
+import os
+import sys
+
+HERE = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
+sys.path.insert(0, HERE)
+REPO = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(HERE, '..', '..'))
+
+import battle
+import effects as fx_gen
+import fragment
+import glb as glb_mod
+import rom as rom_mod
+
+N_POKEMON = 151
+EXTRA_NAMES = {152: 'Surfing Pikachu'}   # only the one identified with confidence
+
+# Where to look for the ROM, in order. model_extract/baseroms/ comes first so the
+# folder can stand on its own; the repo's own baseroms/ is the fallback.
+BASEROMS = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(HERE), 'baseroms')
+ROM_CANDIDATES = [
+    os.path.join(BASEROMS, 'baserom.z64'),
+    os.path.join(BASEROMS, 'us', 'baserom.z64'),
+    os.path.join(REPO, 'baseroms', 'us', 'baserom.z64'),
+]
+
+
+def find_rom():
+    for p in ROM_CANDIDATES:
+        if os.path.exists(p):
+            return p
+    if os.path.isdir(BASEROMS):                 # any ROM dropped in the folder
+        for f in sorted(os.listdir(BASEROMS)):
+            if f.lower().endswith(('.z64', '.n64', '.v64')):
+                return os.path.join(BASEROMS, f)
+    return None
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------- bind extent
+
+def bind_extent(data):
+    """World-space bounding box of the bind pose, used to size the effects."""
+    def trs(t, r, s):
+        S = lambda v: math.sin(v / 32768 * math.pi)
+        C = lambda v: math.cos(v / 32768 * math.pi)
+        sx, cx = S(r[0]), C(r[0]); sy, cy = S(r[1]), C(r[1]); sz, cz = S(r[2]), C(r[2])
+        return [cy*cz*s[0], cy*sz*s[0], -sy*s[0], 0,
+                (sx*sy*cz-cx*sz)*s[1], (sx*sy*sz+cx*cz)*s[1], sx*cy*s[1], 0,
+                (cx*sy*cz+sx*sz)*s[2], (cx*sy*sz-sx*cz)*s[2], cx*cy*s[2], 0,
+                t[0], t[1], t[2], 1]
+
+    def mul(a, b):
+        r = [0]*16
+        for c in range(4):
+            for i in range(4):
+                r[c*4+i] = a[i]*b[c*4] + a[4+i]*b[c*4+1] + a[8+i]*b[c*4+2] + a[12+i]*b[c*4+3]
+        return r
+
+    root = trs([0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], data['rootScale'])
+    acc, uns, mats = [], [], []
+    for b in data['bones']:
+        pa = acc[b['parent']] if b['parent'] >= 0 else [1.0, 1.0, 1.0]
+        pu = uns[b['parent']] if b['parent'] >= 0 else root
+        u = mul(pu, trs([b['t'][k]*pa[k] for k in range(3)], b['r'], [1, 1, 1]))
+        a = [pa[k]*b['s'][k] for k in range(3)]
+        m = list(u)
+        for k in range(4):
+            m[k] *= a[0]; m[4+k] *= a[1]; m[8+k] *= a[2]
+        acc.append(a); uns.append(u); mats.append(m)
+
+    lo = [1e9]*3; hi = [-1e9]*3
+    for p in data['prims']:
+        for i, bi in enumerate(p['skin']):
+            m = mats[bi]
+            x, y, z = p['pos'][i*3:i*3+3]
+            w = (m[0]*x+m[4]*y+m[8]*z+m[12], m[1]*x+m[5]*y+m[9]*z+m[13],
+                 m[2]*x+m[6]*y+m[10]*z+m[14])
+            for k in range(3):
+                lo[k] = min(lo[k], w[k]); hi[k] = max(hi[k], w[k])
+    # height, not the largest dimension: sizing off the max would scale Moltres'
+    # flames to its wingspan
+    extent = (hi[1] - lo[1]) if lo[0] <= hi[0] else 1.0
+    # how much each bone scales its own local space, so effects can compensate
+    scales = [math.sqrt(m[0]*m[0] + m[1]*m[1] + m[2]*m[2]) for m in mats]
+    return extent, scales
+
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------ animation names
+
+# Which context name wins when several claim the same animation. The battle
+# table points many slots at one clip, and these are the ones worth naming.
+NAME_PREF = ['idle', 'attack_default', 'faint', 'entrance', 'struggle', 'flinch']
+
+
+def label_animations(data, rows, moves):
+    """Name each animation after what the battle table uses it for, and pair it
+    with the texture animation that table most often sets alongside it.
+
+    Mutates `data['anims']`, giving each a `name` and an `aux`, and hands back
+    the per-animation context and move lists the manifest reports. Factored out
+    of main() because the mod's packer (tools/stadium_pack.py) has to label them
+    exactly the same way for its output to be comparable with the Lua extractor
+    that reads the same ROM at runtime.
+    """
+    entries = [r[0] for r in rows]
+    aux = [r[1] for r in rows]
+    uses = [[] for _ in data['anims']]
+    move_uses = [[] for _ in data['anims']]
+    for e, ai in enumerate(entries):
+        if ai >= len(uses):
+            continue
+        if e < battle.N_MOVES:
+            move_uses[ai].append(moves[e + 1])
+        elif e in battle.CONTEXT_SLOTS:
+            uses[ai].append(battle.CONTEXT_SLOTS[e][0])
+    pairs = [collections.Counter() for _ in data['anims']]
+    for e, ai in enumerate(entries):
+        if ai < len(pairs) and 0 <= aux[e] < len(data['auxAnims']):
+            pairs[ai][aux[e]] += 1
+    for i, a in enumerate(data['anims']):
+        ctx = sorted(set(uses[i]))
+        named = [n for n in NAME_PREF if n in ctx]
+        a['name'] = (named[0] if named else 'attack' if move_uses[i]
+                     else ctx[0] if ctx else f'anim{i}')
+        a['aux'] = pairs[i].most_common(1)[0][0] if pairs[i] else -1
+    seen = {}
+    for a in data['anims']:
+        n = seen.get(a['name'], 0)
+        seen[a['name']] = n + 1
+        if n:
+            a['name'] = f'{a["name"]}_{n + 1}'
+    return uses, move_uses
+
+
+def attach_effects(data, species, raw=False):
+    """Append generated fire/gas prims + their flipbook textures.
+
+    `raw` matches fragment.extract's: the flipbook frames are already RGBA8, so
+    they are stored as-is rather than encoded, for the packer that wants pixels.
+    """
+    if not data.get('fx'):
+        return 0
+    extent, bone_scale = bind_extent(data)
+    made = fx_gen.build_for(species, data['fx'], extent, bone_scale)
+    for e in made:
+        first = len(data['textures'])
+        for i, frame in enumerate(e['frames']):
+            rec = dict(index=-1, w=e['w'], h=e['h'], generated=True)
+            if raw:
+                rec['rgba'] = frame
+            else:
+                rec['png'] = ('data:image/png;base64,' + base64.b64encode(
+                    fragment.png(e['w'], e['h'], frame)).decode())
+            data['textures'].append(rec)
+        g = e['geo']
+        data['prims'].append(dict(
+            tex=first, cull=0, texAnim=-1, texMap={},
+            generated=True, effect=e['kind'],
+            blend='add' if e['kind'] == 'fire' else 'alpha',
+            fxFrames=list(range(first, first + len(e['frames']))),
+            pos=g['pos'], uv=g['uv'], nrm=g['nrm'], skin=g['skin'], idx=g['idx']))
+    return len(made)
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------- main
+
+def main(argv):
+    args = {a.split('=')[0]: (a.split('=', 1)[1] if '=' in a else True) for a in argv}
+    rom_path = args.get('--rom') or find_rom()
+    outdir = args.get('--out') or os.path.join(REPO, 'model_extract')
+    want_js = '--no-js' not in args
+    want_glb = '--no-glb' not in args
+    want_fx = '--no-effects' not in args
+    only = {int(x) for x in args['--only'].split(',')} if '--only' in args else None
+
+    if not rom_path or not os.path.exists(rom_path):
+        sys.exit('ROM not found. Put a Pokemon Stadium (US 1.0) ROM at\n'
+                 f'  {os.path.join(BASEROMS, "baserom.z64")}\n'
+                 'or pass --rom=PATH. Searched:\n  '
+                 + '\n  '.join(ROM_CANDIDATES))
+
+    print(f'reading {rom_path}')
+    rom = rom_mod.Rom(rom_path)
+    print(f'  md5 {rom.md5}' + ('' if rom.is_expected_us else '  (NOT the expected US 1.0 ROM)'))
+
+    blobs = rom_mod.pokemon_models(rom)
+    print(f'  {len(blobs)} model fragments')
+    tables = battle.BattleTables(rom)
+    moves = battle.load_move_names(REPO)
+
+    for sub in ('glb', 'textures', 'js'):
+        os.makedirs(os.path.join(outdir, sub), exist_ok=True)
+
+    manifest = dict(
+        source='Pokemon Stadium (US) 1.0', romMd5=rom.md5,
+        generator='model_extract/pipeline/build.py',
+        coordinateSystem='Y up, +Z front, units are game units (models authored 10x, '
+                         'baked into the model_root node scale)',
+        frameRate=30,
+        generatedEffects='Prims and textures tagged generated:true are NOT extracted '
+                         'game data -- see pipeline/effects.py.',
+        animationSlots={str(k): dict(name=v[0], evidence=v[1], description=v[2])
+                        for k, v in battle.CONTEXT_SLOTS.items()},
+        pokemon=[], extra=[])
+    move_rows, anim_names, index, fx_count = {}, {}, [], 0
+
+    for fileno, blob in enumerate(blobs):
+        if only is not None and fileno not in only:
+            continue
+        try:
+            data = fragment.extract(blob, f'{fileno}.bin')
+        except Exception as exc:
+            print(f'  skip {fileno}: {exc}')
+            continue
+        species = data['species']
+        pokemon = fileno < N_POKEMON
+
+        if pokemon:
+            rows = tables.rows(species)
+            uses, move_uses = label_animations(data, rows, moves)
+            slug = f'{species:03d}_{battle.SPECIES.get(species, str(species)).lower()}'
+            data['name'] = battle.SPECIES.get(species, f'#{species}')
+            move_rows[species] = [[rows[e][0], rows[e][1]]
+                                  for e in range(battle.N_MOVES)]
+            anim_names[species] = [a['name'] for a in data['anims']]
+        else:
+            slug = f'x{fileno:03d}_model'
+            data['name'] = EXTRA_NAMES.get(fileno, f'Model {fileno}')
+            for i, a in enumerate(data['anims']):
+                a['name'] = f'anim{i}'
+                a['aux'] = 0 if data['auxAnims'] else -1
+
+        nfx = attach_effects(data, species) if want_fx else 0
+        fx_count += nfx
+
+        pngs = [base64.b64decode(t['png'].split(',', 1)[1]) for t in data['textures']]
+        if want_glb:
+            with open(os.path.join(outdir, 'glb', slug + '.glb'), 'wb') as fp:
+                fp.write(glb_mod.build_glb(data, pngs))
+            texdir = os.path.join(outdir, 'textures', slug)
+            os.makedirs(texdir, exist_ok=True)
+            for i, (t, p) in enumerate(zip(data['textures'], pngs)):
+                tag = '_fx' if t.get('generated') else ''
+                with open(os.path.join(texdir, f'{i:02d}_{t["w"]}x{t["h"]}{tag}.png'), 'wb') as fp:
+                    fp.write(p)
+        if want_js:
+            with open(os.path.join(outdir, 'js', slug + '.js'), 'w') as fp:
+                fp.write('PKMN_LOAD(' + json.dumps(data, separators=(',', ':')) + ');\n')
+
+        entry = dict(
+            species=species, name=data['name'], slug=slug,
+            group='pokemon' if pokemon else 'extra',
+            sourceFile=f'{fileno}.bin', glb=f'glb/{slug}.glb',
+            textureDir=f'textures/{slug}',
+            triangles=sum(len(p['idx']) // 3 for p in data['prims']),
+            vertices=sum(len(p['pos']) // 3 for p in data['prims']),
+            bones=len(data['bones']), textures=len(data['textures']),
+            generatedEffects=nfx,
+            animations=[dict(
+                index=i, name=a['name'], frames=a['frames'],
+                seconds=round(a['frames'] / 30.0, 3),
+                endBehavior='clamp' if (a['flags'] & 2) else 'wrap',
+                loopStartFrame=a['loopStart'],
+                **(dict(contexts=sorted(set(uses[i])),
+                        moves=sorted(set(move_uses[i])),
+                        moveCount=len(set(move_uses[i]))) if pokemon else {}))
+                for i, a in enumerate(data['anims'])])
+        (manifest['pokemon'] if pokemon else manifest['extra']).append(entry)
+        index.append(dict(species=species, name=data['name'], slug=slug,
+                          group=entry['group'], triangles=entry['triangles'],
+                          bones=entry['bones'], animations=len(data['anims'])))
+        print(f'  {slug:<22} {len(data["anims"]):2d} anims  {entry["triangles"]:5d} tris'
+              + (f'  +{nfx} effect' if nfx else ''))
+
+    # ---- move index ------------------------------------------------------
+    moves_out = []
+    if move_rows:
+        default_anim = {p['species']: next(
+            (a['index'] for a in p['animations'] if 'attack_default' in a.get('contexts', [])), -1)
+            for p in manifest['pokemon']}
+        for mid in range(1, battle.N_MOVES + 1):
+            users, tally, ndiff = [], collections.Counter(), 0
+            for sp in sorted(move_rows):
+                ai, ax = move_rows[sp][mid - 1]
+                name = anim_names[sp][ai] if ai < len(anim_names[sp]) else f'anim{ai}'
+                diff = ai != default_anim.get(sp, -1)
+                ndiff += diff
+                tally[name] += 1
+                users.append(dict(species=sp, animation=ai, animationName=name,
+                                  aux=ax, differsFromDefault=diff))
+            moves_out.append(dict(
+                id=mid, name=moves[mid], speciesWithOwnAnimation=ndiff,
+                animationNames=[dict(name=n, species=c) for n, c in tally.most_common()],
+                users=users))
+        with open(os.path.join(outdir, 'moves.json'), 'w') as fp:
+            json.dump(dict(source=manifest['source'], note=(
+                'Entry n of the per-species battle table (0-indexed) selects the '
+                'animation played when that Pokemon uses move n+1. The table is dense '
+                '- every species has a row for every move, including moves it can '
+                'never learn - and those unreachable rows overwhelmingly point at the '
+                'species\' generic reaction animation. Use differsFromDefault.'),
+                moves=moves_out), fp, indent=1)
+
+    with open(os.path.join(outdir, 'manifest.json'), 'w') as fp:
+        json.dump(manifest, fp, indent=2)
+
+    if want_js:
+        with open(os.path.join(outdir, 'js', 'index.js'), 'w') as fp:
+            fp.write('window.PKMN_INDEX = ' + json.dumps(index, separators=(',', ':')) + ';\n')
+        if moves_out:
+            with open(os.path.join(outdir, 'js', 'moves.js'), 'w') as fp:
+                fp.write('window.PKMN_MOVES = ' + json.dumps(
+                    [dict(id=m['id'], name=m['name'],
+                          bySpecies={str(u['species']): [u['animation'], u['aux']]
+                                     for u in m['users']}) for m in moves_out],
+                    separators=(',', ':')) + ';\n')
+        viewer_src = os.path.join(REPO, 'tools/model_viewer/viewer.html')
+        if os.path.exists(viewer_src):
+            with open(viewer_src) as s, open(os.path.join(outdir, 'viewer.html'), 'w') as d:
+                d.write(s.read())
+
+    print(f'\n{len(manifest["pokemon"])} Pokemon + {len(manifest["extra"])} other models'
+          f', {fx_count} generated effects')
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main(sys.argv[1:])

model_extract/pipeline/effects.py

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+Generated stand-in effects.
+
+IMPORTANT: nothing in this file is extracted game data. The real tail flame,
+mane fire and gas are drawn by procedural callbacks that live in another
+fragment (geo command 0x08 -> func_80014A60 calls node->unk_10, and the model
+file supplies only two empty display lists plus zeroed scratch buffers). Those
+callbacks have not been ported, so the models genuinely contain no flame mesh
+and no flame texture.
+
+What follows is an original, procedurally generated replacement: looping
+flipbook textures plus a pair of crossed quads anchored to the bone the
+callback hangs off. It is meant to make the models look right in the viewer,
+and it is tagged `generated: true` everywhere it appears so it is never
+mistaken for ripped content.
+"""
+import math
+
+# geo cmd 0x08 callback ids -> which effect to stand in for. The grouping is the
+# game's own: every species sharing a callback shares an effect.
+FIRE_TAIL = 0x810000D8      # Charmander, Charmeleon, Charizard, Magmar, Moltres
+FIRE_SMALL = 0x81000108     # Ponyta, Rapidash, Moltres wings
+AURA = 0x810000E0           # Gastly, Koffing, Weezing, Vaporeon, Articuno, Moltres
+
+
+class Rng:
+    """Deterministic PRNG so a given species always generates the same effect."""
+
+    def __init__(self, seed):
+        self.s = seed & 0xFFFFFFFF or 0x9E3779B9
+
+    def next(self):
+        x = self.s
+        x ^= (x << 13) & 0xFFFFFFFF
+        x ^= x >> 17
+        x ^= (x << 5) & 0xFFFFFFFF
+        self.s = x & 0xFFFFFFFF
+        return self.s
+
+    def unit(self):
+        return self.next() / 0x100000000
+
+
+def _lattice(rng, w, h):
+    return [[rng.unit() for _ in range(w)] for _ in range(h)]
+
+
+def _smooth(t):
+    return t * t * (3 - 2 * t)
+
+
+def _sample(grid, x, y):
+    """Bilinear value noise on a torus, so the field tiles in both axes."""
+    h, w = len(grid), len(grid[0])
+    x0, y0 = int(math.floor(x)) % w, int(math.floor(y)) % h
+    x1, y1 = (x0 + 1) % w, (y0 + 1) % h
+    fx, fy = _smooth(x - math.floor(x)), _smooth(y - math.floor(y))
+    a = grid[y0][x0] + (grid[y0][x1] - grid[y0][x0]) * fx
+    b = grid[y1][x0] + (grid[y1][x1] - grid[y1][x0]) * fx
+    return a + (b - a) * fy
+
+
+def _fbm(grids, x, y, scale):
+    """Sum octaves of tileable noise."""
+    total, amp, norm = 0.0, 1.0, 0.0
+    for i, g in enumerate(grids):
+        f = scale * (2 ** i)
+        total += _sample(g, x * f, y * f) * amp
+        norm += amp
+        amp *= 0.5
+    return total / norm
+
+
+def _ramp(stops, t):
+    t = max(0.0, min(1.0, t))
+    for i in range(len(stops) - 1):
+        a, b = stops[i], stops[i + 1]
+        if t <= b[0]:
+            k = 0.0 if b[0] == a[0] else (t - a[0]) / (b[0] - a[0])
+            return tuple(int(a[1 + j] + (b[1 + j] - a[1 + j]) * k) for j in range(4))
+    return tuple(stops[-1][1:])
+
+
+FIRE_RAMP = [                       # intensity -> RGBA
+    (0.00, 0, 0, 0, 0),
+    (0.30, 120, 24, 8, 90),
+    (0.52, 226, 78, 16, 205),
+    (0.74, 252, 176, 44, 245),
+    (1.00, 255, 246, 214, 255),
+]
+
+GAS_RAMP = [
+    (0.00, 0, 0, 0, 0),
+    (0.34, 52, 26, 78, 70),
+    (0.60, 96, 52, 140, 140),
+    (0.82, 148, 96, 196, 190),
+    (1.00, 208, 176, 236, 215),
+]
+
+
+def fire_frames(seed, w=32, h=64, frames=8, wisp=1.0):
+    """Upward-advected noise plume. Scrolling by an exact multiple of the noise
+    lattice over the frame count makes the loop seamless."""
+    rng = Rng(seed)
+    grids = [_lattice(rng, 8, 8), _lattice(rng, 16, 16), _lattice(rng, 32, 32)]
+    out = []
+    for f in range(frames):
+        t = f / frames
+        buf = bytearray(w * h * 4)
+        for y in range(h):
+            v = y / (h - 1)                     # 0 at the base, 1 at the tip
+            # plume envelope: wide and hot at the base, pinched at the tip
+            taper = max(0.0, 1.0 - v) ** 0.42
+            for x in range(w):
+                u = (x / (w - 1)) * 2 - 1       # -1 .. 1 across the flame
+                radial = (1.0 - min(1.0, abs(u) / max(0.10, taper * 0.95))) ** 0.7
+                if radial <= 0:
+                    continue
+                n = _fbm(grids, x / w, (y / h) - t, 3.0)
+                lick = 0.55 + 0.75 * (n - 0.5) * wisp
+                inten = radial * (0.55 + 0.8 * taper) * lick
+                inten -= 0.16 * v                # cool towards the tip
+                if inten <= 0.02:
+                    continue
+                r, g, b, a = _ramp(FIRE_RAMP, inten)
+                i = ((h - 1 - y) * w + x) * 4    # +Y in texture space is up
+                buf[i:i+4] = bytes((r, g, b, a))
+        out.append(bytes(buf))
+    return w, h, out
+
+
+def gas_frames(seed, w=48, h=48, frames=10):
+    """Slow swirling haze that fades out towards the rim."""
+    rng = Rng(seed)
+    grids = [_lattice(rng, 8, 8), _lattice(rng, 16, 16), _lattice(rng, 32, 32)]
+    out = []
+    for f in range(frames):
+        t = f / frames
+        buf = bytearray(w * h * 4)
+        ang = t * 2 * math.pi
+        for y in range(h):
+            for x in range(w):
+                dx = (x / (w - 1)) * 2 - 1
+                dy = (y / (h - 1)) * 2 - 1
+                d = math.hypot(dx, dy)
+                if d >= 1.0:
+                    continue
+                falloff = (1.0 - d) ** 0.85
+                # rotate the sample point so the haze churns without popping
+                sx = dx * math.cos(ang) - dy * math.sin(ang)
+                sy = dx * math.sin(ang) + dy * math.cos(ang)
+                n = _fbm(grids, sx * 0.5 + 0.5, sy * 0.5 + 0.5 - t, 2.5)
+                inten = falloff * (0.78 + 1.30 * (n - 0.44))
+                if inten <= 0.03:
+                    continue
+                r, g, b, a = _ramp(GAS_RAMP, inten)
+                i = (y * w + x) * 4
+                buf[i:i+4] = bytes((r, g, b, a))
+        out.append(bytes(buf))
+    return w, h, out
+
+
+def crossed_quads(bone, length, width, axis='y', centred=False):
+    """Two quads at right angles so the effect reads from any angle -- the
+    portable stand-in for a billboard, since glTF cannot billboard.
+
+    `axis` picks which bone-local direction the quad grows along. Bone-local +X
+    runs down the limb, so a flame laid out along X comes out lying sideways;
+    'y' is that same quad rotated 90 degrees left about Z, which stands it up.
+    `centred` straddles the origin instead of growing from it."""
+    pos, uv, nrm, skin, idx = [], [], [], [], []
+    for q in range(2):
+        base = len(pos) // 3
+        for (s, t) in ((0, 0), (1, 0), (1, 1), (0, 1)):
+            a = (s - 0.5) * width
+            b = (t - 0.5) * length if centred else t * length
+            if axis == 'x':
+                p = (b, a, 0.0) if q == 0 else (b, 0.0, a)
+            else:                                   # (x, y) -> (-y, x)
+                p = (-a, b, 0.0) if q == 0 else (0.0, b, a)
+            pos += list(p)
+            uv += [s, 1.0 - t]
+            nrm += [0.0, 0.0, 1.0] if q == 0 else [1.0, 0.0, 0.0]
+            skin.append(bone)
+        idx += [base, base + 1, base + 2, base, base + 2, base + 3]
+    return dict(pos=pos, uv=uv, nrm=nrm, skin=skin, idx=idx)
+
+
+# desired size as a fraction of the model's world-space extent
+SIZES = {
+    'fire_tail':  (0.40, 0.22),     # length, width
+    'fire_small': (0.075, 0.042),
+    'gas':        (1.05, 1.05),
+}
+
+
+def build_for(species, fx, extent, bone_scale):
+    """Returns [{kind, bone, geo, w, h, frames}] for one model, or [].
+
+    `extent` is the model's world-space size and `bone_scale[i]` how much bone i
+    already scales its local space; dividing by it keeps every effect the size we
+    asked for regardless of where in the skeleton it hangs."""
+    out = []
+    for node in fx:
+        cb, bone = node['callback'], node['bone']
+        if bone < 0 or bone >= len(bone_scale):
+            continue
+        k = bone_scale[bone] or 1.0
+        if cb == FIRE_TAIL:
+            fl, fw = SIZES['fire_tail']
+            w, h, fr = fire_frames(species * 7919 + 1, 32, 64, 8)
+            geo = crossed_quads(bone, extent * fl / k, extent * fw / k, axis='y')
+            out.append(dict(kind='fire', bone=bone, geo=geo, w=w, h=h, frames=fr))
+        elif cb == FIRE_SMALL:
+            fl, fw = SIZES['fire_small']
+            w, h, fr = fire_frames(species * 6271 + bone, 24, 40, 8, wisp=1.25)
+            geo = crossed_quads(bone, extent * fl / k, extent * fw / k, axis='y')
+            out.append(dict(kind='fire', bone=bone, geo=geo, w=w, h=h, frames=fr))
+        elif cb == AURA and species == 92:              # Gastly only
+            fl, fw = SIZES['gas']
+            w, h, fr = gas_frames(species * 5237 + 3, 48, 48, 10)
+            geo = crossed_quads(bone, extent * fl / k, extent * fw / k, axis='y', centred=True)
+            out.append(dict(kind='gas', bone=bone, geo=geo, w=w, h=h, frames=fr))
+    return out

model_extract/pipeline/fragment.py

@@ -0,0 +1,747 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+Model extraction: FRAGMENT module -> geometry, textures, skeleton, animations.
+
+Self-contained copy of tools/model_viewer/extract_model.py, taking raw bytes so
+it can be fed straight from the ROM. See ../README.md for the format notes.
+"""
+import json, os, struct, sys, zlib
+
+BASE = 0x8FF00000
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- geo layout
+
+CMD_SIZES = {
+    0x00:0x08, 0x01:0x04, 0x02:0x08, 0x03:0x08, 0x04:0x04, 0x05:0x04, 0x06:0x04,
+    0x07:0x08, 0x08:0x0C, 0x09:0x04, 0x0A:0x08, 0x0B:0x18, 0x0C:0x04, 0x0D:0x04,
+    0x0E:0x04, 0x0F:0x04, 0x10:0x04, 0x11:0x04, 0x12:0x04, 0x13:0x08, 0x14:0x0C,
+    0x15:0x0C, 0x16:0x04, 0x17:0x14, 0x18:0x08, 0x19:0x08, 0x1A:0x04, 0x1B:0x10,
+    0x1C:0x10, 0x1D:0x1C, 0x1E:0x08, 0x1F:0x18, 0x20:0x14, 0x21:0x10, 0x22:0x08,
+    0x23:0x10, 0x24:0x04, 0x25:0x04, 0x26:0x14,
+}
+
+
+class Fragment:
+    def __init__(self, data, name='<bytes>'):
+        self.d = data if isinstance(data, (bytes, bytearray)) else open(data, 'rb').read()
+        self.name = name if isinstance(data, (bytes, bytearray)) else str(data)
+        if self.d[8:0x10] != b'FRAGMENT':
+            raise ValueError(f'{self.name}: not a FRAGMENT module')
+        self.hdrSize, self.relocOff, self.sizeRom, self.sizeRam = struct.unpack_from('>4I', self.d, 0x10)
+
+    def off(self, ptr):
+        return None if ptr == 0 else ptr - BASE
+
+    def u8(self, o):  return self.d[o]
+    def s8(self, o):  return struct.unpack_from('>b', self.d, o)[0]
+    def u16(self, o): return struct.unpack_from('>H', self.d, o)[0]
+    def s16(self, o): return struct.unpack_from('>h', self.d, o)[0]
+    def u32(self, o): return struct.unpack_from('>I', self.d, o)[0]
+    def s32(self, o): return struct.unpack_from('>i', self.d, o)[0]
+    def ptr(self, o): return self.off(self.u32(o))
+
+    def root(self):
+        """The entry stub ends with `lui rX, hi; addiu rX, rX, lo` loading the root struct."""
+        for o in range(0x20, 0x80, 4):
+            w = self.u32(o)
+            if (w >> 26) != 0x0F:                       # lui
+                continue
+            reg = (w >> 16) & 0x1F
+            w2 = self.u32(o + 4)
+            if (w2 >> 26) == 0x09 and ((w2 >> 21) & 0x1F) == reg:   # addiu rX, rX, imm
+                return ((self.u16(o + 2) << 16) + self.s16(o + 6)) - BASE
+        raise RuntimeError('could not locate root struct')
+
+    def ptr_list(self, o):
+        out = []
+        while True:
+            p = self.ptr(o)
+            if p is None:
+                return out
+            out.append(p)
+            o += 4
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------- F3DEX2 exec
+
+def signed(v, bits):
+    m = 1 << (bits - 1)
+    return (v ^ m) - m
+
+
+class Model:
+    """Walks the geo layout, executes the display lists, accumulates draw data."""
+
+    def __init__(self, frag):
+        self.f = frag
+        r = frag.root()
+        self.species = frag.u16(r)
+        self.geoLayouts = frag.ptr_list(frag.ptr(r + 0x08))
+        self.anims     = frag.ptr_list(frag.ptr(r + 0x0C))
+        self.auxAnims  = frag.ptr_list(frag.ptr(r + 0x10))
+
+        self.textures = []      # {fmt, siz, w, h, texels, data}
+        self.tluts = []         # palettes: {count, data, dl}
+        self.bones = []         # {parent, boneId, chan, t, r, s}
+        self.boneById = {}
+        self.prims = []         # {tex, cull, verts:[...], tris:[...]}
+        self.primsByKey = {}
+        self.vtxBase = None
+        self.rootScale = [1.0, 1.0, 1.0]
+        self.fx = []            # geo cmd 0x08 procedural effect nodes
+        self.warnings = []
+
+    # ---- textures -------------------------------------------------------
+    def read_texture_table(self, off, count):
+        f = self.f
+        for i in range(count):
+            o = off + i * 0xC
+            self.textures.append(dict(
+                fmt=f.u8(o), siz=f.u8(o + 1), w=f.s16(o + 2),
+                h=f.u16(o + 4), texels=f.u16(o + 6), data=f.ptr(o + 8)))
+
+    def read_tlut_table(self, off, count):
+        """Palettes reuse the texture-record layout: the count sits in the width
+        field, the palette data in the next word, and unk_08 is the DL that loads
+        it (src/12D80.c func_80015B20). The DL is authoritative, so run it."""
+        f = self.f
+        for i in range(count):
+            o = off + i * 0xC
+            rec = dict(count=f.u16(o + 2), data=f.ptr(o + 4), dl=f.ptr(o + 8))
+            dl = rec['dl']
+            if dl is not None:
+                for _ in range(16):
+                    w0, w1 = struct.unpack_from('>II', f.d, dl)
+                    op = w0 >> 24
+                    if op == 0xFD:                          # G_SETTIMG
+                        rec['data'] = f.off(w1)
+                    elif op == 0xF0:                        # G_LOADTLUT
+                        rec['count'] = ((w1 >> 14) & 0x3FF) + 1
+                    elif op == 0xDF:
+                        break
+                    dl += 8
+            self.tluts.append(rec)
+
+    # ---- geo layout -----------------------------------------------------
+    def build(self):
+        self.curTex = -1
+        self.curTlut = -1
+        self.curMat = None
+        self.curTexAnim = -1
+        # Mirrors gCurGraphNodeList in src/geo_layout.c: stack[-1] is the slot the
+        # next node command writes to, and a node's parent -- and the bone whose
+        # matrix is live -- is the slot *below* it (func_80017AC4).
+        self.stack = [-1]
+        # The RSP vertex cache persists across display lists: a bone's list often
+        # preloads verts that the *next* bone's list then indexes, which is how
+        # these models get blended joints. Each slot remembers the bone whose
+        # matrix was current when it was loaded.
+        self.vbuf = [None] * 64
+        self.walk(self.geoLayouts[0])
+
+    def walk(self, o, depth=0):
+        f = self.f
+        if depth > 32:
+            return
+        while True:
+            cmd = f.u8(o)
+            size = CMD_SIZES.get(cmd)
+            if size is None:
+                self.warnings.append(f'unknown geo cmd {cmd:#04x} at {o:#x}')
+                return
+            if cmd == 0x01 or cmd == 0x04:              # end / return
+                return
+            if cmd in (0x00, 0x03):                     # branch (with return)
+                self.walk(f.ptr(o + 4), depth + 1)
+            elif cmd == 0x02:                           # jump (no return)
+                o = f.ptr(o + 4)
+                continue
+            elif cmd == 0x05:                           # open node
+                self.stack.append(self.stack[-1])
+            elif cmd == 0x06:                           # close node
+                self.stack.pop()
+            elif cmd == 0x17:                           # model header
+                self.read_texture_table(f.ptr(o + 8), f.s16(o + 2))
+                if f.ptr(o + 0xC):
+                    self.read_tlut_table(f.ptr(o + 0xC), f.s16(o + 4))
+                self.vtxBase = f.ptr(o + 0x10)
+                self.nVerts = f.s16(o + 6)
+            elif cmd == 0x08:                           # procedural effect callback
+                self.fx.append(dict(bone=self.curBone(), callback=f.u32(o + 4),
+                                    arg=f.ptr(o + 8)))
+            elif cmd == 0x1C:                           # uniform scale node
+                self.rootScale = [f.s32(o + 4) / 65536.0, f.s32(o + 8) / 65536.0,
+                                  f.s32(o + 0xC) / 65536.0]
+            elif cmd == 0x1D:                           # bone / joint node
+                idx = len(self.bones)
+                self.bones.append(dict(
+                    parent=self.curBone(), boneId=f.u8(o + 1), flags=f.u8(o + 2),
+                    chan=f.s8(o + 3),
+                    t=[f.s16(o + 4), f.s16(o + 6), f.s16(o + 8)],
+                    r=[f.s16(o + 0xA), f.s16(o + 0xC), f.s16(o + 0xE)],
+                    s=[f.s32(o + 0x10) / 65536.0, f.s32(o + 0x14) / 65536.0,
+                       f.s32(o + 0x18) / 65536.0]))
+                self.boneById[f.u8(o + 1)] = idx
+                self.stack[-1] = idx
+            elif cmd == 0x23:                           # set texture / material
+                self.curTex = f.s16(o + 8)
+                self.curTlut = f.s16(o + 0xA)
+                self.curMat = f.ptr(o + 4)
+                # offset 0x02 is the texture-animation channel; -1 means static.
+                # func_800176DC swaps this material's texture per frame from the
+                # auxiliary animation's channel stream.
+                self.curTexAnim = f.s16(o + 2)
+            elif cmd == 0x22:                           # display list on current bone
+                self.run_dl(f.ptr(o + 4), self.curBone())
+            elif cmd == 0x1E:                           # display list on named bone
+                self.run_dl(f.ptr(o + 4), self.boneById.get(f.s16(o + 2), self.curBone()))
+            elif cmd in (0x20, 0x21):                   # display list + own transform
+                self.run_dl(f.ptr(o + (0x10 if cmd == 0x20 else 0xC)), self.curBone())
+            o += size
+
+    def curBone(self):
+        return self.stack[-2] if len(self.stack) >= 2 else -1
+
+    # ---- display lists --------------------------------------------------
+    def run_dl(self, o, bone, depth=0):
+        if o is None or depth > 8:
+            return
+        f = self.f
+        vbuf = self.vbuf
+        cull = 0x400
+        while True:
+            w0, w1 = struct.unpack_from('>II', f.d, o)
+            op = w0 >> 24
+            o += 8
+            if op == 0xDF:                              # G_ENDDL
+                return
+            if op == 0xDE:                              # G_DL
+                self.run_dl(f.off(w1), bone, depth + 1)
+                if (w0 >> 16) & 0xFF:                   # branch, not call
+                    return
+                continue
+            if op == 0x01:                              # G_VTX
+                n = (w0 >> 12) & 0xFF
+                v0 = ((w0 & 0xFFF) >> 1) - n
+                a = f.off(w1)
+                for i in range(n):
+                    p = a + i * 0x10
+                    if 0 <= v0 + i < len(vbuf):
+                        vbuf[v0 + i] = (
+                            f.s16(p), f.s16(p + 2), f.s16(p + 4),       # position
+                            f.s16(p + 8) / 32.0, f.s16(p + 10) / 32.0,  # s, t (S10.5)
+                            f.s8(p + 12), f.s8(p + 13), f.s8(p + 14),   # normal
+                            f.u8(p + 15),                               # alpha
+                            bone)                                       # owning bone
+                continue
+            if op == 0xD9:                              # G_GEOMETRYMODE
+                cull = (cull & (w0 & 0xFFFFFF)) | w1
+                continue
+            if op in (0x05, 0x06):                      # G_TRI1 / G_TRI2
+                prim = self.prim_for(self.curTex, self.curTlut, self.curMat,
+                                     self.curTexAnim, cull & 0x600)
+
+                def emit(a, b, c):
+                    tri = []
+                    for idx in (a, b, c):
+                        v = vbuf[idx] if idx < len(vbuf) else None
+                        if v is None:
+                            return
+                        j = prim['_remap'].get(v)
+                        if j is None:
+                            j = len(prim['verts'])
+                            prim['_remap'][v] = j
+                            prim['verts'].append(v)
+                        tri.append(j)
+                    if (cull & 0x200) and not (cull & 0x400):
+                        tri.reverse()
+                    prim['tris'].append(tri)
+
+                emit(((w0 >> 16) & 0xFF) // 2, ((w0 >> 8) & 0xFF) // 2, (w0 & 0xFF) // 2)
+                if op == 0x06:
+                    emit(((w1 >> 16) & 0xFF) // 2, ((w1 >> 8) & 0xFF) // 2, (w1 & 0xFF) // 2)
+                continue
+            # everything else (SETTILE / sync / ...) is state we reconstruct
+            # from the texture table instead, so it is skipped.
+
+    def prim_for(self, tex, tlut, mat, texAnim, cull):
+        key = (tex, tlut, mat, texAnim, cull)
+        p = self.primsByKey.get(key)
+        if p is None:
+            p = dict(tex=tex, tlut=tlut, mat=mat, texAnim=texAnim, cull=cull,
+                     verts=[], tris=[], _remap={})
+            self.primsByKey[key] = p
+            self.prims.append(p)
+        return p
+
+    def tile_palette(self, mat):
+        """CI4 selects a 16-entry block of the TLUT via the render tile's palette
+        field; read it from the material display list's final G_SETTILE."""
+        if mat is None:
+            return 0
+        pal = 0
+        for _ in range(16):
+            w0, w1 = struct.unpack_from('>II', self.f.d, mat)
+            op = w0 >> 24
+            if op == 0xF5 and ((w1 >> 24) & 7) == 0:        # G_SETTILE, render tile
+                pal = (w1 >> 20) & 0xF
+            elif op == 0xDF:
+                break
+            mat += 8
+        return pal
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- animations
+
+def bitfield(f, base, index, bits):
+    """src/F420.c func_80010500: signed `bits`-wide field at bit index*bits.
+
+    C integer division truncates toward zero; Python's floors. That only differs
+    for negative indices, which is exactly what an empty channel produces, so the
+    truncating form is used here to match the hardware."""
+    bitpos = index * bits
+    word = bitpos // 16 if bitpos >= 0 else -((-bitpos) // 16)   # C: trunc to zero
+    rem = bitpos - word * 16                                     # C: sign follows bitpos
+    o = base + word * 2
+    v = (f.u16(o) << 16) | f.u16(o + 2)
+    v = (v << (rem & 31)) & 0xFFFFFFFF          # MIPS masks the shift to 5 bits
+    return signed(v >> (32 - bits), bits)
+
+
+class Animation:
+    """src/17300.c. Two sampling modes: packed per-frame streams (default) and
+    hermite keyframes (flags & 8)."""
+
+    def __init__(self, frag, off):
+        f = self.f = frag
+        self.off = off
+        # The flags live in the LOW byte of the u16 at +0 -- reading the byte
+        # AT +0 gets the always-zero high byte, which silently turns every
+        # hermite animation (flags & 8: Pidgeot, Dodrio, Exeggutor, Tangela,
+        # Magmar) into a packed-stream read of keyframe tables.
+        self.flags     = f.u16(off)
+        self.startFrame= f.u16(off + 4)
+        self.loopStart = f.u16(off + 6)
+        self.nChannels = f.u16(off + 8)
+        self.nFrames   = f.u16(off + 0xA)
+        self.chanTable = f.ptr(off + 0xC)
+        self.scaleData = f.ptr(off + 0x10)
+        self.rotData   = f.ptr(off + 0x14)
+        self.transData = f.ptr(off + 0x18)
+
+    def chan(self, i):
+        o = self.chanTable + i * 0xA
+        f = self.f
+        return dict(nScale=f.u8(o), nRot=f.u8(o + 1), nTrans=f.u8(o + 2),
+                    interp=f.u8(o + 3), oScale=f.u16(o + 4),
+                    oRot=f.u16(o + 6), oTrans=f.u16(o + 8))
+
+    # -- packed stream sampling (flags & 8 == 0) --------------------------
+    # A count of 0 means the component has no stream. In the ROM that only
+    # ever happens in HERMITE animations, where a count under 2 means "the
+    # offset field IS the constant value" -- no packed animation of any of the
+    # 151 species carries an empty channel, so the bind-pose fallback here is
+    # dead code kept as a safety net.
+    def _trans_packed(self, c, frame):
+        if c['nTrans'] == 0:
+            return None
+        bits = 16 if (self.flags & 4) else 12
+        if c['nTrans'] == 1:
+            # (s16) casts both ways: func_80016848 reads the u16 offset field
+            # back as a signed constant.
+            return float(signed(c['oTrans'], 16) if (self.flags & 4)
+                         else signed((c['oTrans'] * 16) & 0xFFFF, 16) >> 4)
+        i = c['oTrans'] + min(frame, c['nTrans'] - 1)
+        return float(bitfield(self.f, self.transData, i, bits))
+
+    def _rot_packed(self, c, frame):
+        if c['nRot'] == 0:
+            return None
+        if c['nRot'] == 1:
+            return signed((c['oRot'] * 16) & 0xFFFF, 16)
+        i = c['oRot'] + min(frame, c['nRot'] - 1)
+        return signed((bitfield(self.f, self.rotData, i, 12) * 16) & 0xFFFF, 16)
+
+    def _scale_packed(self, c, frame):
+        if c['nScale'] == 0:
+            return None
+        if c['nScale'] == 1:
+            return c['oScale'] / 1000.0
+        i = c['oScale'] + min(frame, c['nScale'] - 1)
+        return self.f.s16(self.scaleData + i * 2) / 1000.0
+
+    # -- hermite keyframe sampling (flags & 8) ----------------------------
+    def _hermite(self, base, n, frame, wide):
+        f = self.f
+        stride = 8 if wide else 6
+
+        def key(i):
+            o = base + i * stride
+            return (f.s16(o), f.s16(o + 2), f.s16(o + 4),
+                    f.s16(o + 6) if wide else f.s16(o + 4))
+
+        k0 = key(0)
+        if k0[0] >= frame:
+            return float(k0[1])
+        last = key(n - 1)
+        if frame >= last[0]:
+            return float(last[1])
+        i = 0
+        while i < n - 2:
+            if frame < key(i + 1)[0]:
+                break
+            i += 1
+        a, b = key(i), key(i + 1)
+        x = (frame - a[0]) / 30.0
+        y = 30.0 / (b[0] - a[0])
+        x2, x3 = x * x, x * x * x
+        y2, y3 = y * y, y * y * y
+        return (a[1] * (2 * x3 * y3 - 3 * x2 * y2 + 1)
+                + b[1] * (-2 * x3 * y3 + 3 * x2 * y2)
+                + (a[3] if wide else a[2]) * (x3 * y2 - 2 * x2 * y + x)
+                + b[2] * (x3 * y2 - x2 * y))
+
+    def _trans_key(self, c, frame):
+        if c['nTrans'] < 2:
+            return float(signed(c['oTrans'], 16))
+        return self._hermite(self.transData + c['oTrans'] * 2, c['nTrans'], frame, c['interp'] & 1)
+
+    def _rot_key(self, c, frame):
+        if c['nRot'] < 2:
+            deg = signed(c['oRot'], 16) / 10.0
+        else:
+            deg = self._hermite(self.rotData + c['oRot'] * 2, c['nRot'], frame, c['interp'] & 2) / 10.0
+        deg %= 360.0
+        # func_80016DE0 returns s16: the f32 -> s16 cast WRAPS an angle above
+        # 180 degrees to its negative twin. Same binary angle either way, but
+        # the packer stores i16 with clamping, so an unwrapped 350-degree
+        # value would pin at 32767 (= 180 degrees) instead.
+        return signed(int(deg / 360.0 * 65536.0) & 0xFFFF, 16)
+
+    def _scale_key(self, c, frame):
+        if c['nScale'] < 2:
+            return signed(c['oScale'], 16) / 100.0
+        return self._hermite(self.scaleData + c['oScale'] * 2, c['nScale'], frame, c['interp'] & 4) / 100.0
+
+    def sample_trs(self, chanIndex, frame, bind=None):
+        """Returns (translation, rotation, scale) triples for one bone. Components
+        whose channel carries no data fall back to the bone's bind value."""
+        base = chanIndex * 3
+        if base < 0 or base + 2 >= self.nChannels:
+            return None
+        cs = [self.chan(base + i) for i in range(3)]
+        if self.flags & 8:
+            out = ([self._trans_key(c, frame) for c in cs],
+                   [self._rot_key(c, frame) for c in cs],
+                   [self._scale_key(c, frame) for c in cs])
+        else:
+            out = ([self._trans_packed(c, frame) for c in cs],
+                   [self._rot_packed(c, frame) for c in cs],
+                   [self._scale_packed(c, frame) for c in cs])
+        if bind is None:
+            bind = ([0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [1.0, 1.0, 1.0])
+        return tuple([v if v is not None else bind[k][i] for i, v in enumerate(comp)]
+                     for k, comp in enumerate(out))
+
+
+class AuxAnimation:
+    """Texture animation (src/18140.c). Same header shape as the skeletal
+    animations, but each channel is a per-frame stream of texture-table indices
+    that func_800176DC substitutes into a material."""
+
+    def __init__(self, frag, off):
+        f = self.f = frag
+        self.flags     = f.u16(off)         # low byte, same layout as Animation
+        self.startFrame= f.u16(off + 4)
+        self.loopStart = f.u16(off + 6)
+        self.nChannels = f.u16(off + 8)
+        self.nFrames   = f.u16(off + 0xA)
+        self.chanTable = f.ptr(off + 0xC)
+        self.data      = f.ptr(off + 0x10)
+
+    def sample(self, chan, frame):
+        """func_80017540: index into the stream, clamped to the channel length."""
+        if not (0 <= chan < self.nChannels) or self.chanTable is None:
+            return None
+        o = self.chanTable + chan * 4
+        count, base = self.f.u16(o), self.f.u16(o + 2)
+        if count == 0:
+            return None
+        i = base + (frame if frame < count else count - 1)
+        return self.f.u8(self.data + i)
+
+    def track(self, chan):
+        n = max(1, self.nFrames)
+        return [self.sample(chan, i) for i in range(n)]
+
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------ textures
+
+def rgba5551(p):
+    return (((p >> 11) & 0x1F) * 255 // 31, ((p >> 6) & 0x1F) * 255 // 31,
+            ((p >> 1) & 0x1F) * 255 // 31, 255 if (p & 1) else 0)
+
+
+def decode_texture(f, tex, tlut=None, palette=0):
+    """Returns (w, h, RGBA8 bytes) for the N64 texture formats these models use."""
+    w, h, fmt, siz, addr = tex['w'], tex['h'], tex['fmt'], tex['siz'], tex['data']
+    out = bytearray(w * h * 4)
+    d = f.d
+    n = w * h
+
+    def nibble(i):
+        return (d[addr + i // 2] >> (0 if i & 1 else 4)) & 0xF
+
+    if fmt == 0 and siz == 2:                       # RGBA16 (5/5/5/1)
+        for i in range(n):
+            out[i*4:i*4+4] = bytes(rgba5551(struct.unpack_from('>H', d, addr + i * 2)[0]))
+    elif fmt == 0 and siz == 3:                     # RGBA32
+        out[:] = d[addr:addr + n * 4]
+    elif fmt == 2:                                  # CI4 / CI8 -> RGBA16 palette
+        pal = []
+        if tlut is not None and tlut['data'] is not None:
+            base = tlut['data'] + (palette * 16 * 2 if siz == 0 else 0)
+            for i in range(16 if siz == 0 else 256):
+                pal.append(bytes(rgba5551(struct.unpack_from('>H', d, base + i * 2)[0])))
+        if not pal:
+            pal = [b'\xff\x00\xff\xff'] * 256
+        for i in range(n):
+            idx = nibble(i) if siz == 0 else d[addr + i]
+            out[i*4:i*4+4] = pal[idx % len(pal)]
+    elif fmt == 3:                                  # IA16 / IA8 / IA4
+        for i in range(n):
+            if siz == 2:
+                v = struct.unpack_from('>H', d, addr + i * 2)[0]
+                l, a = v >> 8, v & 0xFF
+            elif siz == 1:
+                v = d[addr + i]
+                l, a = (v >> 4) * 17, (v & 0xF) * 17
+            else:
+                v = nibble(i)
+                l, a = ((v >> 1) * 255) // 7, 255 if (v & 1) else 0
+            out[i*4:i*4+4] = bytes((l, l, l, a))
+    elif fmt == 4:                                  # I8 / I4
+        for i in range(n):
+            l = d[addr + i] if siz == 1 else nibble(i) * 17
+            out[i*4:i*4+4] = bytes((l, l, l, 255))
+    else:
+        for i in range(n):                          # unsupported: magenta
+            out[i*4:i*4+4] = b'\xff\x00\xff\xff'
+    return w, h, bytes(out)
+
+
+def png(w, h, rgba):
+    """Minimal PNG encoder (no PIL dependency)."""
+    raw = b''.join(b'\x00' + rgba[y*w*4:(y+1)*w*4] for y in range(h))
+
+    def chunk(tag, data):
+        c = tag + data
+        return struct.pack('>I', len(data)) + c + struct.pack('>I', zlib.crc32(c) & 0xFFFFFFFF)
+
+    return (b'\x89PNG\r\n\x1a\n'
+            + chunk(b'IHDR', struct.pack('>IIBBBBB', w, h, 8, 6, 0, 0, 0))
+            + chunk(b'IDAT', zlib.compress(raw, 9))
+            + chunk(b'IEND', b''))
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- main
+
+def unique(seq):
+    """The distinct values of `seq`, in the order they first appear.
+
+    Used where a set used to be. A set of small ints iterates in hash-slot
+    order, which is stable across runs but is neither insertion nor sort order
+    and is a CPython implementation detail -- and here it decided the order
+    textures get REGISTERED in, and so their indices in the packed file. Order
+    of appearance is a property of the data instead of the interpreter, which
+    is what lets the Lua extractor produce the same file.
+    """
+    seen, out = set(), []
+    for v in seq:
+        if v in seen:
+            continue
+        seen.add(v)
+        out.append(v)
+    return out
+
+
+def dedupe_fx(nodes):
+    """The geo layout's effect callbacks, once each, IN THE ORDER THEY APPEAR.
+
+    A geo layout can name the same callback on the same bone more than once
+    (the walk visits a subtree twice), so these have to be deduplicated, and it
+    used to be done by dropping them through a set. That was a real bug rather
+    than a style point: the set held tuples containing strings, so its iteration
+    order moved with PYTHONHASHSEED, and the generated flames of every species
+    carrying more than one -- Ponyta, Rapidash and Moltres -- came out in a
+    different order, with different seeds and therefore different pixels, on
+    different runs of the same build.
+
+    Order of appearance is the game's own order, it is stable, and it is what
+    the Lua extractor can reproduce.
+    """
+    seen, out = set(), []
+    for node in nodes:
+        key = (node['bone'], node['callback'], node['arg'])
+        if key in seen:
+            continue
+        seen.add(key)
+        out.append(dict(node))
+    return out
+
+
+def extract(path, name=None, raw=False):
+    """`raw=True` carries each texture's decoded RGBA8 bytes as `rgba` instead
+    of encoding a PNG data URI into `png`.
+
+    The viewer and the glTF export both want a PNG, so that stays the default.
+    The mod's own packer wants the pixels: it stores them uncompressed, so that
+    its Lua counterpart -- which has no zlib whose output is guaranteed to
+    agree with this one's byte for byte -- can be checked against it exactly.
+    """
+    f = Fragment(path, name or str(path))
+    m = Model(f)
+    m.build()
+
+    import base64
+    auxAnims = [AuxAnimation(f, o) for o in m.auxAnims]
+
+    texIndexMap, texOut = {}, []
+
+    def register(texIdx, tlut, pal):
+        key = (texIdx, tlut, pal)
+        if key in texIndexMap:
+            return texIndexMap[key]
+        if not (0 <= texIdx < len(m.textures)):
+            return -1
+        texIndexMap[key] = len(texOut)
+        tl = m.tluts[tlut] if 0 <= tlut < len(m.tluts) else None
+        w, h, rgba = decode_texture(f, m.textures[texIdx], tl, pal)
+        rec = dict(index=texIdx, w=w, h=h)
+        if raw:
+            rec['rgba'] = rgba
+        else:
+            rec['png'] = ('data:image/png;base64,'
+                          + base64.b64encode(png(w, h, rgba)).decode())
+        texOut.append(rec)
+        return texIndexMap[key]
+
+    for p in m.prims:
+        if not p['tris']:
+            continue
+        pal = m.tile_palette(p['mat'])
+        register(p['tex'], p['tlut'], pal)
+        # An animated material can swap to any texture its channel names, so all
+        # of them have to be decoded up front.
+        if p['texAnim'] >= 0:
+            for a in auxAnims:
+                for t in unique(a.track(p['texAnim'])):
+                    if t is not None:
+                        register(t, p['tlut'], pal)
+
+    prims = []
+    for p in m.prims:
+        if not p['tris']:
+            continue
+        pos, uv, nrm, skin = [], [], [], []
+        pal = m.tile_palette(p['mat'])
+        ti = texIndexMap.get((p['tex'], p['tlut'], pal), -1)
+        # texture-table index -> slot in texOut, for the animated swap
+        texMap = {}
+        if p['texAnim'] >= 0:
+            for a in auxAnims:
+                for t in unique(a.track(p['texAnim'])):
+                    if t is not None and (t, p['tlut'], pal) in texIndexMap:
+                        texMap[t] = texIndexMap[(t, p['tlut'], pal)]
+        tw, th = (m.textures[p['tex']]['w'], m.textures[p['tex']]['h']) if ti >= 0 else (32, 32)
+        for v in p['verts']:
+            pos += [v[0], v[1], v[2]]
+            uv += [v[3] / tw, v[4] / th]
+            nrm += [v[5] / 127.0, v[6] / 127.0, v[7] / 127.0]
+            skin.append(v[9])
+        prims.append(dict(tex=ti, cull=p['cull'], texAnim=p['texAnim'],
+                          texMap={str(k): v for k, v in sorted(texMap.items())},
+                          pos=pos, uv=uv, nrm=nrm, skin=skin,
+                          idx=[i for t in p['tris'] for i in t]))
+
+    def compress(values, nd):
+        """Constant tracks collapse to a scalar; most channels never move."""
+        r = [round(v, nd) for v in values]
+        return r[0] if all(v == r[0] for v in r) else r
+
+    anims = []
+    for i, off in enumerate(m.anims):
+        a = Animation(f, off)
+        nf = max(1, a.nFrames)
+        tracks = []
+        for b in m.bones:
+            ch = b['chan']
+            bind = (b['t'], b['r'], b['s'])
+            if ch < 0 or a.sample_trs(ch, 0, bind) is None:
+                tracks.append(None)
+                continue
+            samples = [a.sample_trs(ch, fr, bind) for fr in range(nf)]
+            tracks.append(dict(
+                t=[compress([s[0][k] for s in samples], 3) for k in range(3)],
+                r=[compress([s[1][k] for s in samples], 0) for k in range(3)],
+                s=[compress([s[2][k] for s in samples], 5) for k in range(3)]))
+        anims.append(dict(index=i, frames=nf, flags=a.flags,
+                          channels=a.nChannels, loopStart=a.loopStart, tracks=tracks))
+
+    auxOut = []
+    for i, a in enumerate(auxAnims):
+        auxOut.append(dict(index=i, frames=max(1, a.nFrames), flags=a.flags,
+                           loopStart=a.loopStart,
+                           channels=[a.track(c) for c in range(a.nChannels)]))
+
+    return dict(
+        species=m.species,
+        name=SPECIES.get(m.species, f'#{m.species}'),
+        file=os.path.basename(f.name),
+        rootScale=m.rootScale,
+        bones=[dict(parent=b['parent'], boneId=b['boneId'], chan=b['chan'],
+                    flags=b['flags'], t=b['t'], r=b['r'], s=b['s']) for b in m.bones],
+        textures=texOut,
+        prims=prims,
+        anims=anims,
+        auxAnims=auxOut,
+        fx=dedupe_fx(m.fx),
+        warnings=m.warnings,
+    )
+
+
+SPECIES = {}
+_NAMES = (
+    "Bulbasaur Ivysaur Venusaur Charmander Charmeleon Charizard Squirtle Wartortle Blastoise "
+    "Caterpie Metapod Butterfree Weedle Kakuna Beedrill Pidgey Pidgeotto Pidgeot Rattata Raticate "
+    "Spearow Fearow Ekans Arbok Pikachu Raichu Sandshrew Sandslash NidoranF Nidorina Nidoqueen "
+    "NidoranM Nidorino Nidoking Clefairy Clefable Vulpix Ninetales Jigglypuff Wigglytuff Zubat "
+    "Golbat Oddish Gloom Vileplume Paras Parasect Venonat Venomoth Diglett Dugtrio Meowth Persian "
+    "Psyduck Golduck Mankey Primeape Growlithe Arcanine Poliwag Poliwhirl Poliwrath Abra Kadabra "
+    "Alakazam Machop Machoke Machamp Bellsprout Weepinbell Victreebel Tentacool Tentacruel Geodude "
+    "Graveler Golem Ponyta Rapidash Slowpoke Slowbro Magnemite Magneton Farfetchd Doduo Dodrio "
+    "Seel Dewgong Grimer Muk Shellder Cloyster Gastly Haunter Gengar Onix Drowzee Hypno Krabby "
+    "Kingler Voltorb Electrode Exeggcute Exeggutor Cubone Marowak Hitmonlee Hitmonchan Lickitung "
+    "Koffing Weezing Rhyhorn Rhydon Chansey Tangela Kangaskhan Horsea Seadra Goldeen Seaking "
+    "Staryu Starmie MrMime Scyther Jynx Electabuzz Magmar Pinsir Tauros Magikarp Gyarados Lapras "
+    "Ditto Eevee Vaporeon Jolteon Flareon Porygon Omanyte Omastar Kabuto Kabutops Aerodactyl "
+    "Snorlax Articuno Zapdos Moltres Dratini Dragonair Dragonite Mewtwo Mew").split()
+for _i, _n in enumerate(_NAMES):
+    SPECIES[_i + 1] = _n
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    here = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
+    src = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'assets/us/pokemon_models/24.bin'
+    dst = sys.argv[2] if len(sys.argv) > 2 else os.path.join(here, 'model.js')
+    data = extract(src)
+    body = json.dumps(data, separators=(',', ':'))
+    with open(dst, 'w') as fp:
+        fp.write('window.PKMN_MODEL = ' + body + ';\n')
+    tris = sum(len(p['idx']) // 3 for p in data['prims'])
+    print(f"{data['name']} (#{data['species']})  bones={len(data['bones'])}  prims={len(data['prims'])}  "
+          f"tris={tris}  textures={len(data['textures'])}  anims={len(data['anims'])}")
+    print(f"frames per anim: {[a['frames'] for a in data['anims']]}")
+    if data['warnings']:
+        print('warnings:', data['warnings'][:5])
+    print(f'wrote {dst} ({os.path.getsize(dst)/1024:.0f} KB)')

model_extract/pipeline/glb.py

@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+glTF 2.0 binary writer.
+
+Each game bone becomes two nodes -- a pivot carrying translation/rotation and a
+leaf carrying the accumulated scale -- because the game keeps scale out of the
+matrix chain while glTF propagates it to children. See ../README.md.
+"""
+import json
+import math
+import struct
+
+ND = 7          # decimals kept on node rest transforms
+
+
+def quat_from_euler(r):
+    """The game's rotation is Rx*Ry*Rz in row-vector form (src/F420.c
+    func_8000F730); build that basis as glTF columns and convert."""
+    sx, cx = math.sin(r[0] / 32768 * math.pi), math.cos(r[0] / 32768 * math.pi)
+    sy, cy = math.sin(r[1] / 32768 * math.pi), math.cos(r[1] / 32768 * math.pi)
+    sz, cz = math.sin(r[2] / 32768 * math.pi), math.cos(r[2] / 32768 * math.pi)
+    # rows of the game matrix become the columns of the glTF rotation
+    m = ((cy*cz, sx*sy*cz - cx*sz, cx*sy*cz + sx*sz),
+         (cy*sz, sx*sy*sz + cx*cz, cx*sy*sz - sx*cz),
+         (-sy,   sx*cy,            cx*cy))
+    tr = m[0][0] + m[1][1] + m[2][2]
+    if tr > 0:
+        s = math.sqrt(tr + 1.0) * 2
+        w = 0.25 * s
+        x = (m[2][1] - m[1][2]) / s
+        y = (m[0][2] - m[2][0]) / s
+        z = (m[1][0] - m[0][1]) / s
+    elif m[0][0] > m[1][1] and m[0][0] > m[2][2]:
+        s = math.sqrt(1.0 + m[0][0] - m[1][1] - m[2][2]) * 2
+        w = (m[2][1] - m[1][2]) / s
+        x = 0.25 * s
+        y = (m[0][1] + m[1][0]) / s
+        z = (m[0][2] + m[2][0]) / s
+    elif m[1][1] > m[2][2]:
+        s = math.sqrt(1.0 + m[1][1] - m[0][0] - m[2][2]) * 2
+        w = (m[0][2] - m[2][0]) / s
+        x = (m[0][1] + m[1][0]) / s
+        y = 0.25 * s
+        z = (m[1][2] + m[2][1]) / s
+    else:
+        s = math.sqrt(1.0 + m[2][2] - m[0][0] - m[1][1]) * 2
+        w = (m[1][0] - m[0][1]) / s
+        x = (m[0][2] + m[2][0]) / s
+        y = (m[1][2] + m[2][1]) / s
+        z = 0.25 * s
+    n = math.sqrt(x*x + y*y + z*z + w*w) or 1.0
+    return [x/n, y/n, z/n, w/n]
+
+
+def pose(bones, sample_fn):
+    """Returns (pivotT, pivotQ, jointS) for every bone at one instant."""
+    acc, pt, pq, js = [], [], [], []
+    for i, b in enumerate(bones):
+        t, r, s = sample_fn(i, b)
+        pa = acc[b['parent']] if b['parent'] >= 0 else (1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
+        pt.append([t[0]*pa[0], t[1]*pa[1], t[2]*pa[2]])
+        pq.append(quat_from_euler(r))
+        a = (pa[0]*s[0], pa[1]*s[1], pa[2]*s[2])
+        acc.append(a)
+        js.append(list(a))
+    return pt, pq, js
+
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------ glTF build
+
+class Glb:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.buf = bytearray()
+        self.views = []
+        self.accessors = []
+
+    def view(self, data, target=None):
+        while len(self.buf) % 4:
+            self.buf.append(0)
+        off = len(self.buf)
+        self.buf += data
+        v = dict(buffer=0, byteOffset=off, byteLength=len(data))
+        if target:
+            v['target'] = target
+        self.views.append(v)
+        return len(self.views) - 1
+
+    def accessor(self, data, ctype, atype, count, target=None,
+                 minmax=None, normalized=False):
+        a = dict(bufferView=self.view(data, target), componentType=ctype,
+                 count=count, type=atype)
+        if normalized:
+            a['normalized'] = True
+        if minmax:
+            a['min'], a['max'] = minmax
+        self.accessors.append(a)
+        return len(self.accessors) - 1
+
+    def floats(self, values, atype, target=None, minmax=None):
+        n = {'SCALAR': 1, 'VEC2': 2, 'VEC3': 3, 'VEC4': 4, 'MAT4': 16}[atype]
+        return self.accessor(struct.pack(f'<{len(values)}f', *values),
+                             5126, atype, len(values) // n, target, minmax)
+
+    def finish(self, gltf):
+        gltf['buffers'] = [dict(byteLength=len(self.buf))]
+        gltf['bufferViews'] = self.views
+        gltf['accessors'] = self.accessors
+        js = json.dumps(gltf, separators=(',', ':')).encode()
+        js += b' ' * (-len(js) % 4)
+        bin_ = bytes(self.buf) + b'\0' * (-len(self.buf) % 4)
+        return (struct.pack('<III', 0x46546C67, 2, 12 + 8 + len(js) + 8 + len(bin_))
+                + struct.pack('<II', len(js), 0x4E4F534A) + js
+                + struct.pack('<II', len(bin_), 0x004E4942) + bin_)
+
+
+def build_glb(data, pngs):
+    bones = data['bones']
+    nb = len(bones)
+    g = Glb()
+    gltf = dict(asset=dict(version='2.0',
+                           generator='pokestadium tools/model_viewer/export_gltf.py'))
+
+    # ---- nodes: root scale, then a pivot/joint pair per bone ----------------
+    bind_t, bind_q, bind_s = pose(bones, lambda i, b: (b['t'], b['r'], b['s']))
+    nodes = [dict(name='model_root', scale=[round(v, 6) for v in data['rootScale']])]
+    pivot_id = [0] * nb
+    joint_id = [0] * nb
+    for i, b in enumerate(bones):
+        pivot_id[i] = len(nodes)
+        nodes.append(dict(name=f'bone{b["boneId"]:02d}',
+                          translation=[round(v, ND) for v in bind_t[i]],
+                          rotation=[round(v, ND) for v in bind_q[i]]))
+        joint_id[i] = len(nodes)
+        nodes.append(dict(name=f'bone{b["boneId"]:02d}_scale',
+                          scale=[round(v, ND) for v in bind_s[i]]))
+        nodes[pivot_id[i]]['children'] = [joint_id[i]]
+    for i, b in enumerate(bones):
+        parent = pivot_id[b['parent']] if b['parent'] >= 0 else 0
+        nodes[parent].setdefault('children', []).append(pivot_id[i])
+
+    # ---- textures / materials ---------------------------------------------
+    images, samplers, textures, materials = [], [], [], []
+    if pngs:
+        samplers.append(dict(magFilter=9729, minFilter=9729,
+                             wrapS=33071, wrapT=33071))       # LINEAR, CLAMP
+    for i, blob in enumerate(pngs):
+        images.append(dict(mimeType='image/png',
+                           bufferView=g.view(blob), name=f'tex{i:02d}'))
+        textures.append(dict(sampler=0, source=i))
+
+    prims_out = []
+    for p in data['prims']:
+        nv = len(p['pos']) // 3
+        pos = [float(v) for v in p['pos']]
+        mn = [min(pos[k::3]) for k in range(3)]
+        mx = [max(pos[k::3]) for k in range(3)]
+        attrs = dict(
+            POSITION=g.floats(pos, 'VEC3', 34962, (mn, mx)),
+            NORMAL=g.floats([float(v) for v in p['nrm']], 'VEC3', 34962),
+            TEXCOORD_0=g.floats([float(v) for v in p['uv']], 'VEC2', 34962),
+            JOINTS_0=g.accessor(
+                struct.pack(f'<{nv*4}H', *[v for j in p['skin'] for v in (j, 0, 0, 0)]),
+                5123, 'VEC4', nv, 34962),
+            WEIGHTS_0=g.floats([v for _ in range(nv) for v in (1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)],
+                               'VEC4', 34962),
+        )
+        idx = g.accessor(struct.pack(f'<{len(p["idx"])}H', *p['idx']),
+                         5123, 'SCALAR', len(p['idx']), 34963)
+        blend = p.get('blend')
+        mat = dict(
+            name=f'mat{len(materials):02d}',
+            alphaMode='BLEND' if blend else 'MASK',
+            doubleSided=bool(blend) or not (p['cull'] & 0x400),
+            pbrMetallicRoughness=dict(metallicFactor=0.0, roughnessFactor=0.9),
+        )
+        if blend:
+            # generated effects are unlit so they read as emissive fire/gas
+            mat['emissiveFactor'] = [1.0, 1.0, 1.0]
+        else:
+            mat['alphaCutoff'] = 0.5
+        if p['tex'] >= 0:
+            mat['pbrMetallicRoughness']['baseColorTexture'] = dict(index=p['tex'])
+            if blend:
+                mat['emissiveTexture'] = dict(index=p['tex'])
+        materials.append(mat)
+        prims_out.append(dict(attributes=attrs, indices=idx,
+                              material=len(materials) - 1))
+
+    skin_node = len(nodes)
+    nodes.append(dict(name=data['name'], mesh=0, skin=0))
+
+    ident = [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1]
+    gltf['skins'] = [dict(joints=joint_id, skeleton=0,
+                          inverseBindMatrices=g.floats(ident * nb, 'MAT4'))]
+    gltf['meshes'] = [dict(name=data['name'], primitives=prims_out)]
+
+    # ---- animations --------------------------------------------------------
+    anims = []
+    for a in data['anims']:
+        nf = a['frames']
+        times = [round(fr / 30.0, 6) for fr in range(nf)]   # authored at 30 fps
+
+        def sample_fn(i, b, _a=a):
+            tr = _a['tracks'][i]
+            if not tr:
+                return b['t'], b['r'], b['s']
+            pick = lambda c, fr: (c if isinstance(c, (int, float))
+                                  else c[min(fr, len(c) - 1)])
+            return ([pick(c, sample_fn.fr) for c in tr['t']],
+                    [pick(c, sample_fn.fr) for c in tr['r']],
+                    [pick(c, sample_fn.fr) for c in tr['s']])
+
+        seq_t = [[] for _ in range(nb)]
+        seq_q = [[] for _ in range(nb)]
+        seq_s = [[] for _ in range(nb)]
+        for fr in range(nf):
+            sample_fn.fr = fr
+            pt, pq, js = pose(bones, sample_fn)
+            for i in range(nb):
+                if seq_q[i] and sum(x*y for x, y in zip(seq_q[i][-1], pq[i])) < 0:
+                    pq[i] = [-v for v in pq[i]]     # keep quaternions continuous
+                seq_t[i].append(pt[i]); seq_q[i].append(pq[i]); seq_s[i].append(js[i])
+
+        channels, samplers_a = [], []
+        cache = {}
+
+        def time_accessor(keys):
+            if keys not in cache:
+                t = times if keys == nf else [times[0], times[-1]]
+                cache[keys] = g.floats(t, 'SCALAR', minmax=([t[0]], [t[-1]]))
+            return cache[keys]
+
+        for i in range(nb):
+            for seq, path, node, dflt in (
+                    (seq_t[i], 'translation', pivot_id[i], nodes[pivot_id[i]]['translation']),
+                    (seq_q[i], 'rotation', pivot_id[i], nodes[pivot_id[i]]['rotation']),
+                    (seq_s[i], 'scale', joint_id[i], nodes[joint_id[i]]['scale'])):
+                const = all(v == seq[0] for v in seq)
+                # A constant channel can only be dropped when it already equals the
+                # node's rest value; otherwise the node would sit in its bind pose.
+                if const and [round(c, ND) for c in seq[0]] == dflt:
+                    continue
+                if const:
+                    seq = [seq[0], seq[0]]
+                time_acc = time_accessor(len(seq))
+                flat = [c for v in seq for c in v]
+                if path == 'rotation':
+                    out = g.accessor(
+                        struct.pack(f'<{len(flat)}h',
+                                    *[max(-32768, min(32767, round(c * 32767)))
+                                      for c in flat]),
+                        5122, 'VEC4', len(seq), normalized=True)
+                else:
+                    out = g.floats(flat, 'VEC3')
+                samplers_a.append(dict(input=time_acc, output=out,
+                                       interpolation='LINEAR'))
+                channels.append(dict(sampler=len(samplers_a) - 1,
+                                     target=dict(node=node, path=path)))
+        if channels:
+            anims.append(dict(name=a['name'], channels=channels, samplers=samplers_a))
+    if anims:
+        gltf['animations'] = anims
+
+    gltf['nodes'] = nodes
+    gltf['scenes'] = [dict(nodes=[0, skin_node])]
+    gltf['scene'] = 0
+    if images:
+        gltf['images'] = images
+        gltf['samplers'] = samplers
+        gltf['textures'] = textures
+    gltf['materials'] = materials
+    return g.finish(gltf)
+
+

model_extract/pipeline/rom.py

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+Raw ROM access for the Pokemon Stadium (US) model export.
+
+Everything here is stdlib-only: byte-order fixup, the Yay0 decompressor, the
+PERS-SZP wrapper the assets use, and the little archive format that packs many
+files into one segment. That is all it takes to get from baserom.z64 to model
+data, so the export does not need `make init`, splat or crunch64.
+"""
+import hashlib
+import struct
+
+# ROM offsets taken from pokestadium-us.yaml.
+POKEMON_MODELS = 0x920000       # archive of the 215 battle models
+BATTLE_DATA    = 0x70D3A0       # per-species battle tables, indexed by D_80075BD0
+MAIN_ROM       = 0x1000         # main code segment ...
+MAIN_VRAM      = 0x80000400     # ... and where it lands in RAM
+PTR_TABLE_VRAM = 0x80075BD0     # D_80075BD0[species - 1] -> offset into BATTLE_DATA
+
+US_MD5 = 'ed1378bc12115f71209a77844965ba50'
+
+
+class Rom:
+    def __init__(self, path):
+        data = bytearray(open(path, 'rb').read())
+        magic = struct.unpack_from('>I', data, 0)[0]
+        if magic == 0x37804012:                     # .v64, byte-swapped pairs
+            data[0::2], data[1::2] = data[1::2], data[0::2]
+        elif magic == 0x40123780:                   # .n64, word-reversed
+            data = bytearray(b''.join(data[i:i+4][::-1] for i in range(0, len(data), 4)))
+        elif magic != 0x80371240:                   # .z64, native big endian
+            raise ValueError(f'{path}: not an N64 ROM (magic {magic:#010x})')
+        self.data = bytes(data)
+        self.md5 = hashlib.md5(self.data).hexdigest()
+
+    @property
+    def is_expected_us(self):
+        return self.md5 == US_MD5
+
+    def u32(self, o):
+        return struct.unpack_from('>I', self.data, o)[0]
+
+    def vram_to_rom(self, vram):
+        return MAIN_ROM + (vram - MAIN_VRAM)
+
+    # ---- archive ---------------------------------------------------------
+    def archive(self, off):
+        """Segments that hold many files start with
+             u32 tag, u32 0, u32 totalSize, u32 fileCount
+           followed by fileCount { u32 offset, u32 size, u32 pad[2] } records,
+           all relative to the start of the segment (tools/unpack_asset.py).
+           Only the top three bytes of the first word are reliably zero -- the
+           model archive puts a nonzero value in the low byte."""
+        if (self.u32(off) & 0xFFFFFF00) != 0 or self.u32(off + 4) != 0:
+            return [self.data[off:]]
+        count = self.u32(off + 12)
+        if not 0 < count < 4096:
+            return [self.data[off:]]
+        out = []
+        for i in range(count):
+            rec = off + 0x10 + i * 0x10
+            start, size = self.u32(rec), self.u32(rec + 4)
+            out.append(self.data[off + start: off + start + size])
+        return out
+
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------- decompression
+
+def yay0_decompress(src):
+    """Nintendo Yay0. Header: magic, decompressed size, link offset, chunk
+    offset; then a bitstream where a 1 copies one literal byte and a 0 pulls a
+    (distance, length) pair from the link table."""
+    if src[:4] != b'Yay0':
+        raise ValueError('not Yay0')
+    size, link_off, chunk_off = struct.unpack_from('>3I', src, 4)
+    out = bytearray(size)
+    mask_p, link_p, chunk_p, pos = 0x10, link_off, chunk_off, 0
+    mask, bits = 0, 0
+    while pos < size:
+        if bits == 0:
+            mask = struct.unpack_from('>I', src, mask_p)[0]
+            mask_p += 4
+            bits = 32
+        if mask & 0x80000000:
+            out[pos] = src[chunk_p]
+            chunk_p += 1
+            pos += 1
+        else:
+            link = struct.unpack_from('>H', src, link_p)[0]
+            link_p += 2
+            dist = link & 0x0FFF
+            count = link >> 12
+            if count == 0:
+                count = src[chunk_p] + 0x12
+                chunk_p += 1
+            else:
+                count += 2
+            copy = pos - dist - 1
+            for _ in range(count):                  # overlapping runs are legal
+                out[pos] = out[copy]
+                pos += 1
+                copy += 1
+        mask = (mask << 1) & 0xFFFFFFFF
+        bits -= 1
+    return bytes(out)
+
+
+def decompress(blob):
+    """Unwrap whatever container an asset arrived in."""
+    if blob[:8] == b'PERS-SZP':
+        header = struct.unpack_from('>I', blob, 8)[0]
+        return yay0_decompress(blob[header:])
+    if blob[:4] == b'Yay0':
+        return yay0_decompress(blob)
+    return blob
+
+
+def pokemon_models(rom):
+    """Returns the decompressed model fragments, indexed by file number."""
+    return [decompress(b) for b in rom.archive(POKEMON_MODELS)]

tests/arena_config.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+-- data/battle_arenas.lua, edited in place by line.
+--
+-- The arena editor (tests/arena_editor.lua) writes this file back every time
+-- a map is committed, and most of what is in it is PROSE: which alternatives
+-- were rejected for each area and what was wrong with them. That argument is
+-- the part a tool cannot reconstruct, so nothing here regenerates the file --
+-- an entry that changed has its own lines replaced, a new one is appended,
+-- and every other byte comes through exactly as it was.
+--
+-- Kept out of the driver so it can be tested without a game: a bug in here
+-- writes a config file, and the failure mode of a bad one is silent -- every
+-- map loses its authored spot and battles quietly start happening somewhere
+-- else. `apply` therefore never decides on its own that its output is good;
+-- it hands back the text and the caller parses it back and checks it says
+-- what was asked for before anything is overwritten.
+--
+--   local Config = dofile("mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/tests/arena_config.lua")
+--   local text, report = Config.apply(oldText, { ROUTE_1 = { x = 4, y = 14,
+--                                                            shape = "narrow" } })
+--
+-- An edit's value is an entry table, `false` for an authored refusal, or
+-- Config.REMOVE to take the entry out altogether.
+local Config = {}
+
+Config.REMOVE = setmetatable({}, { __tostring = function() return "REMOVE" end })
+
+-- The heading new maps are collected under, so a file worked over several
+-- sessions grows one list rather than one heading per session.
+Config.SECTION = "  -- ------- added by tests/arena_editor"
+
+-- Lossless both ways: a trailing newline becomes a trailing empty line, and
+-- concat puts it back.
+function Config.splitLines(text)
+  local out, pos = {}, 1
+  while true do
+    local a, b = text:find("\n", pos, true)
+    if not a then
+      out[#out + 1] = text:sub(pos)
+      break
+    end
+    out[#out + 1] = text:sub(pos, a - 1)
+    pos = b + 1
+  end
+  return out
+end
+
+-- One entry, laid out the way the file already lays them out: on one line
+-- where it fits inside the file's own margin, and wrapped under the brace
+-- where it does not (which is how the cross-floor entries are written).
+function Config.entryLines(id, entry)
+  if entry == false then
+    return { ("  [%q] = false,"):format(id) }
+  end
+  local head = ("  [%q] = { "):format(id)
+  local parts = {}
+  if entry.map then parts[#parts + 1] = ("map = %q"):format(entry.map) end
+  parts[#parts + 1] = ("x = %d"):format(entry.x)
+  parts[#parts + 1] = ("y = %d"):format(entry.y)
+  parts[#parts + 1] = ("shape = %q"):format(entry.shape or "wide")
+  if (entry.turn or 0) ~= 0 then
+    parts[#parts + 1] = ("turn = %d"):format(entry.turn)
+  end
+  if entry.cam then parts[#parts + 1] = ("cam = %q"):format(entry.cam) end
+  local one = head .. table.concat(parts, ", ") .. " },"
+  if #one <= 79 then return { one } end
+  local first = entry.map and 3 or 2
+  return {
+    head .. table.concat(parts, ", ", 1, first) .. ",",
+    (" "):rep(#head) .. table.concat(parts, ", ", first + 1) .. " },",
+  }
+end
+
+-- Where an id's entry starts and ends, plus how many comment lines sit
+-- directly above it. The end is the first line that closes the table, so a
+-- wrapped entry is found whole rather than half-replaced.
+function Config.findEntry(lines, id)
+  local pat = '^%s*%["' .. id:gsub("(%W)", "%%%1") .. '"%]%s*='
+  for i = 1, #lines do
+    if lines[i]:find(pat) then
+      local note = 0
+      while i - note - 1 >= 1 and lines[i - note - 1]:find("^%s*%-%-") do
+        note = note + 1
+      end
+      if lines[i]:find("=%s*false%s*,?%s*$") then return i, i, note end
+      for j = i, #lines do
+        if lines[j]:find("}%s*,?%s*$") then return i, j, note end
+      end
+      return i, i, note
+    end
+  end
+  return nil
+end
+
+-- The `}` that closes the returned table: new entries go in above it.
+function Config.closingLine(lines)
+  for i = #lines, 1, -1 do
+    if lines[i]:find("^}") then return i end
+  end
+  return #lines + 1
+end
+
+-- Apply `edits` (map id -> entry | false | REMOVE) to `text`.
+--
+-- Returns the new text and a report: `changed`, `added`, `removed` and
+-- `stale` as lists of map ids. `stale` is the one worth acting on -- those
+-- entries had comment lines directly above them, and a comment above an
+-- entry that has just moved describes where it USED to be.
+function Config.apply(text, edits)
+  local lines = Config.splitLines(text)
+  local report = { changed = {}, added = {}, removed = {}, stale = {} }
+
+  local ordered = {}
+  for id in pairs(edits) do ordered[#ordered + 1] = id end
+  table.sort(ordered)
+
+  local appended = {}
+  for _, id in ipairs(ordered) do
+    local entry = edits[id]
+    -- found again per edit rather than indexed once up front: each
+    -- replacement changes the line count under every index after it
+    local from, to, note = Config.findEntry(lines, id)
+    if entry == Config.REMOVE then
+      if from then
+        for _ = from, to do table.remove(lines, from) end
+        report.removed[#report.removed + 1] = id
+        if note > 0 then report.stale[#report.stale + 1] = id end
+      end
+    elseif from then
+      local new = Config.entryLines(id, entry)
+      for _ = from, to do table.remove(lines, from) end
+      for k = #new, 1, -1 do table.insert(lines, from, new[k]) end
+      report.changed[#report.changed + 1] = id
+      if note > 0 then report.stale[#report.stale + 1] = id end
+    else
+      appended[#appended + 1] = id
+      report.added[#report.added + 1] = id
+    end
+  end
+
+  if #appended > 0 then
+    local at, block = nil, {}
+    for i = 1, #lines do
+      if lines[i]:find("^%s*%-%-%s+%-+ added by tests/arena_editor") then
+        at = i + 1
+      end
+    end
+    if not at then
+      at = Config.closingLine(lines)
+      block[#block + 1] = ""
+      block[#block + 1] = Config.SECTION
+    end
+    for _, id in ipairs(appended) do
+      for _, l in ipairs(Config.entryLines(id, edits[id])) do
+        block[#block + 1] = l
+      end
+    end
+    for k = #block, 1, -1 do table.insert(lines, at, block[k]) end
+  end
+
+  return table.concat(lines, "\n"), report
+end
+
+-- Whether two entries say the same thing. `false` and nil are values here --
+-- a refusal is not the absence of one -- so this is an equality test and not
+-- a truthiness one.
+function Config.same(a, b)
+  if a == b then return true end
+  if type(a) ~= "table" or type(b) ~= "table" then return false end
+  return a.x == b.x and a.y == b.y
+     and (a.shape or "wide") == (b.shape or "wide")
+     and (a.turn or 0) == (b.turn or 0)
+     and a.cam == b.cam and a.map == b.map
+end
+
+-- Parse a config back and check it says what was committed. This is what
+-- stands between a bug in the surgery above and a data file that no longer
+-- loads, so it is run on the TEXT before that text replaces anything.
+-- Returns the parsed table, or nil and why not.
+function Config.verify(text, edits, chunkName)
+  local chunk, err = load(text, "@" .. (chunkName or "battle_arenas"))
+  if not chunk then return nil, "would not compile: " .. tostring(err) end
+  local ok, list = pcall(chunk)
+  if not (ok and type(list) == "table") then
+    return nil, "did not return a table: " .. tostring(list)
+  end
+  for id, want in pairs(edits) do
+    local got = list[id]
+    if want == Config.REMOVE then
+      if got ~= nil then return nil, id .. " is still in the file" end
+    elseif not Config.same(want, got) then
+      return nil, id .. " did not read back as it was committed"
+    end
+  end
+  return list
+end
+
+return Config

tests/cuttree_shots.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+-- Scratch driver: the overworld cuttable tree ($2D/$2E/$3D/$3E, one
+-- cell) at PEWTER_CITY (26,4) -- it sits in a gap of the border tree
+-- wall, so shoot from the open grass east/west and the path south.
+-- Same spots BEFORE and AFTER the pin change.
+--
+--   POKEPORT_DRIVER=mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/tests/cuttree_shots.lua \
+--   SHOT_DIR=.scratchpad/cuttree AB_TAG=before "/c/Program Files/LOVE/lovec.exe" .
+return function(game)
+  local U = dofile("tests/drivers/util.lua")
+  local Pipelines = require("src.render.Pipelines")
+
+  local ROOT = (os.getenv("SHOT_DIR") or "shots/cuttree")
+    .. "/" .. (os.getenv("AB_TAG") or "after")
+
+  local handle = game.mods.exports["DRAMATIC_SHAPE"]
+  if not (handle and handle.lib) then
+    print("[cuttree] DRAMATIC_SHAPE is not loaded")
+    love.event.quit()
+    return
+  end
+  local V = handle.lib
+  do -- prove the RUNNING mod sees the pin we think it does
+    local TS = V.require("TileShape")
+    local shapes = TS.forMap({ tileset = { id = "OVERWORLD",
+                                           imageWidth = 128,
+                                           imageHeight = 48 } })
+    for _, t in ipairs({ 45, 61 }) do
+      local s = shapes[t]
+      print("[cuttree] running-mod OVERWORLD tile " .. t .. ": "
+        .. (s and (tostring(s.class) .. "/" .. tostring(s.art)
+                   .. " h=" .. tostring(s.h)) or "nil"))
+    end
+  end
+  local DayNight = V.require("DayNight")
+  local ChunkMesher = V.require("ChunkMesher")
+  local Voxel = V.require("VoxelState")
+
+  require("src.world.OverworldController").rollEncounter = function() return nil end
+  local TileRenderer = require("src.render.TileRenderer")
+  TileRenderer.tick = function() end
+  TileRenderer.animFrame = function() return 0 end
+  DayNight.setting:sync("day")
+
+  pcall(os.execute, 'mkdir -p "' .. ROOT .. '" 2>/dev/null')
+  pcall(os.execute, 'mkdir "' .. ROOT:gsub("/", "\\") .. '" 2>nul')
+
+  local Zoom = require("src.render.Zoom")
+  pcall(function()
+    game.save.options.zoom = 1
+    Zoom.applyOptions(game.save.options)
+  end)
+
+  local function settle()
+    for _ = 1, 900 do
+      if ChunkMesher.pending() == 0 then break end
+      U.wait(1)
+    end
+    for _ = 1, 300 do
+      if Voxel.t >= 1 and Voxel.ready and ChunkMesher.pending() == 0 then break end
+      U.wait(1)
+    end
+    U.wait(40)
+  end
+
+  local SCENES = {
+    -- open grass west of the tree, edge-on
+    { map = "PEWTER_CITY", x = 25, y = 4, face = "right", label = "cut_west" },
+    -- open grass east of it
+    { map = "PEWTER_CITY", x = 27, y = 4, face = "left", label = "cut_east" },
+    -- the path south, seeing its front over the tree wall gap
+    { map = "PEWTER_CITY", x = 26, y = 6, face = "up", label = "cut_front" },
+    -- one step closer on the gap's south side
+    { map = "PEWTER_CITY", x = 26, y = 5, face = "up", label = "cut_near" },
+    -- Cerulean's lone cut tree at (19,28): open grass to its south
+    { map = "CERULEAN_CITY", x = 19, y = 30, face = "up", label = "cer_front" },
+    { map = "CERULEAN_CITY", x = 19, y = 29, face = "up", label = "cer_near" },
+    { map = "CERULEAN_CITY", x = 20, y = 29, face = "up", label = "cer_diag" },
+  }
+
+  local shots = 0
+  for _, s in ipairs(SCENES) do
+    local ok = pcall(U.teleport, game, s.map, s.x, s.y, s.face)
+    if ok then
+      for _, rung in ipairs({ 5, 3 }) do
+        Pipelines.setLevel("voxel", rung)
+        Pipelines.setLevel("tiltshift", 0)
+        settle()
+        local path = ("%s/%s_r%d.png"):format(ROOT, s.label, rung)
+        game.capturePath = path
+        U.wait(6)
+        local f = io.open(path, "rb")
+        if f then f:close() shots = shots + 1
+        else print("[cuttree] capture missed: " .. path) end
+      end
+    else
+      print("[cuttree] teleport failed: " .. s.map)
+    end
+  end
+  print(("[cuttree] %d shots into %s"):format(shots, ROOT))
+  love.event.quit()
+end

tests/diner_shots.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+-- Scratch driver: the Celadon Diner's stools ($07/$08/$23/$24 on LOBBY,
+-- one cell each; the pinned `stool` standee pool). Shot at the voxel
+-- rung (5) and the flat rung (3) for orientation, front/back/side of
+-- the stool at cell (0,4).
+--
+--   POKEPORT_DRIVER=mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/tests/diner_shots.lua \
+--   SHOT_DIR=mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/.claude/voxelizations \
+--   "/c/Program Files/LOVE/lovec.exe" .
+return function(game)
+  local U = dofile("tests/drivers/util.lua")
+  local Pipelines = require("src.render.Pipelines")
+
+  local ROOT = (os.getenv("SHOT_DIR")
+    or "mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/.claude/voxelizations")
+
+  local handle = game.mods.exports["DRAMATIC_SHAPE"]
+  if not (handle and handle.lib) then
+    print("[diner] DRAMATIC_SHAPE is not loaded")
+    return
+  end
+  local V = handle.lib
+  do -- prove the RUNNING mod resolves the stool tiles as pinned
+    local TS = V.require("TileShape")
+    local shapes = TS.forMap({ tileset = { id = "LOBBY",
+                                           imageWidth = 128,
+                                           imageHeight = 48 } })
+    for _, t in ipairs({ 7, 8, 23, 24 }) do
+      local s = shapes[t]
+      print(("[diner] running-mod tile %d: %s"):format(t,
+        s and (tostring(s.class) .. "/" .. tostring(s.art)
+               .. " h=" .. tostring(s.height)) or "nil"))
+    end
+  end
+  local DayNight = V.require("DayNight")
+  local ChunkMesher = V.require("ChunkMesher")
+  local Voxel = V.require("VoxelState")
+
+  require("src.world.OverworldController").rollEncounter = function() return nil end
+  local TileRenderer = require("src.render.TileRenderer")
+  TileRenderer.tick = function() end
+  TileRenderer.animFrame = function() return 0 end
+  DayNight.setting:sync("day")
+
+  pcall(os.execute, 'mkdir -p "' .. ROOT .. '" 2>/dev/null')
+  pcall(os.execute, 'mkdir "' .. ROOT:gsub("/", "\\") .. '" 2>nul')
+
+  local Zoom = require("src.render.Zoom")
+  pcall(function()
+    game.save.options.zoom = 1
+    Zoom.applyOptions(game.save.options)
+  end)
+
+  local function settle()
+    for _ = 1, 900 do
+      if ChunkMesher.pending() == 0 then break end
+      U.wait(1)
+    end
+    for _ = 1, 300 do
+      if Voxel.t >= 1 and Voxel.ready and ChunkMesher.pending() == 0 then break end
+      U.wait(1)
+    end
+    U.wait(40)
+  end
+
+  local SCENES = {
+    -- the stool at (0,4), seen from the south = its front (legs row)
+    { map = "CELADON_DINER", x = 0, y = 6, face = "up", label = "stool_front" },
+    -- the same stool from the north = its back
+    { map = "CELADON_DINER", x = 0, y = 2, face = "down", label = "stool_back" },
+    -- edge-on from the east, with the table beside it in frame
+    { map = "CELADON_DINER", x = 2, y = 4, face = "left", label = "stool_side" },
+  }
+
+  local shots = 0
+  for _, s in ipairs(SCENES) do
+    local ok = pcall(U.teleport, game, s.map, s.x, s.y, s.face)
+    if ok then
+      for _, rung in ipairs({ 5, 3 }) do
+        Pipelines.setLevel("voxel", rung)
+        Pipelines.setLevel("tiltshift", 0)
+        settle()
+        local path = ("%s/%s_r%d.png"):format(ROOT, s.label, rung)
+        game.capturePath = path
+        U.wait(6)
+        local f = io.open(path, "rb")
+        if f then f:close() shots = shots + 1
+        else print("[diner] capture missed: " .. path) end
+      end
+    else
+      print("[diner] teleport failed: " .. s.map)
+    end
+  end
+  print(("[diner] %d shots into %s"):format(shots, ROOT))
+  love.event.quit()
+end

tests/diorama_shots.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+-- Driver: the DIORAMA mode's own frame, without a headset.
+--
+-- The diorama is drawn through VoxelScene's `eyes` path, and that path only
+-- ever runs from lib/VR -- so with no OpenXR runtime on the machine there is
+-- nothing to look at and nothing to check. This builds ONE eye by hand (the
+-- same VRRig mapping the headset would have built), opens a diorama frame,
+-- and encodes the eye canvas straight to a PNG.
+--
+--   POKEPORT_DRIVER=mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/tests/diorama_shots.lua \
+--   SHOT_DIR=<dir> lovec.exe .
+--
+-- knobs (env):
+--   SHOT_DIR    output directory under the LOVE save dir (default "diorama")
+--   DIO_MAP     map id                        (default VIRIDIAN_CITY)
+--   DIO_SPOT    "x,y[,facing]"                (default 20,26,up)
+--   DIO_RUNG    the voxel camera rung         (default 5, the 75 one)
+--
+-- It also prints whether each shader the mode touches actually COMPILED,
+-- which is the part a headless suite cannot answer: the cull is new source
+-- in the scene shader, the water shader and both forest ones, and a shader
+-- that will not build fails soft everywhere in this mod -- the picture just
+-- quietly loses a pass.
+return function(game)
+  local U = dofile("tests/drivers/util.lua")
+  local Pipelines = require("src.render.Pipelines")
+
+  local ROOT = os.getenv("SHOT_DIR") or "diorama"
+
+  local handle = game.mods.exports["DRAMATIC_SHAPE"]
+  if not (handle and handle.lib) then
+    print("[dio] DRAMATIC_SHAPE mod not loaded -- nothing to shoot")
+    return
+  end
+  local V = handle.lib
+  local Voxel = V.require("VoxelState")
+  local Voxel3D = V.require("Voxel3D")
+  local VoxelScene = V.require("VoxelScene")
+  local VRRig = V.require("VRRig")
+  local Diorama = V.require("Diorama")
+  local Water = V.require("Water")
+  local ChunkMesher = V.require("ChunkMesher")
+  local DayNight = V.require("DayNight")
+  local VR = V.require("VR")
+  local Curve = V.require("WorldCurve")
+
+  local MAP = os.getenv("DIO_MAP") or "VIRIDIAN_CITY"
+  local SPOT = os.getenv("DIO_SPOT") or "20,26,up"
+  local RUNG = math.floor(tonumber(os.getenv("DIO_RUNG")) or 5)
+  local sx, sy, sf = SPOT:match("^(%-?%d+),%s*(%-?%d+),?%s*(%a*)$")
+  sx, sy = tonumber(sx) or 20, tonumber(sy) or 26
+  if sf == "" then sf = "up" end
+
+  require("src.world.OverworldController").rollEncounter = function() return nil end
+  DayNight.setting:sync("day")
+  U.teleport(game, MAP, sx, sy, sf)
+  Pipelines.setLevel("voxel", RUNG)
+  Pipelines.setLevel("tiltshift", 0)
+
+  local function settle()
+    for _ = 1, 900 do
+      if ChunkMesher.pending() == 0 then break end
+      U.wait(1)
+    end
+    for _ = 1, 300 do
+      if Voxel.t >= 1 and Voxel.ready and ChunkMesher.pending() == 0 then
+        break
+      end
+      U.wait(1)
+    end
+    U.wait(20)
+  end
+  settle()
+  settle()
+
+  print(("[dio] scene shader %s | grid variant %s | water %s")
+    :format(tostring(Voxel3D.shader() ~= nil),
+            tostring(Voxel3D.shader(true) ~= nil),
+            tostring(Water.shader(false) ~= nil)))
+
+  -- one eye, straight ahead from the resting head: the mapping lib/VR would
+  -- have built for this rung, with no pose to read off a runtime
+  local POSE = { pos = { 0, 0, 0 }, quat = { 0, 0, 0, 1 } }
+  local FOV = { angleLeft = -0.8, angleRight = 0.8,
+                angleUp = 0.7, angleDown = -0.7 }
+
+  local function shoot(name, opts)
+    local ow = game.overworld
+    local vw, vh = 320, 288
+    pcall(function() vw, vh = game.renderer:worldViewSize() end)
+    local cx = ow.camera.x + vw / 2
+    local cy = ow.camera.y + vh / 2
+
+    Diorama.begin(opts.mode or "diorama")
+    Diorama.zoom = opts.zoom or 1
+    Diorama.yaw = opts.yaw or 0
+    -- the cut's SHAPE is the V-CURVE row's (box while flat, ball while
+    -- bent), so the driver throws the row rather than asking for a shape
+    Curve.setting:sync(opts.curve or 0)
+    if opts.arena then
+      Diorama.pillar(opts.arena)
+    else
+      Diorama.viewport(cx, cy, vh)
+    end
+    local pivot = VRRig.dioramaPivot(Diorama.cull.x, Diorama.cull.z)
+    local anchor = VRRig.dioramaAnchor(Voxel.angle, Diorama.offset)
+    -- the same framing lib/VR picks: the view ordinarily, the DISC while a
+    -- fight is staged
+    local frame = opts.arena and (Diorama.cull.r * 2.6) or vh
+    local scale = VRRig.dioramaScale(frame, Voxel.FOCAL)
+    -- the bend the diorama asks its eyes for (lib/VR does the same)
+    local curveK = Curve.k(vh)
+    local eyes = {
+      { camera = VRRig.eyeCamera(POSE, FOV, pivot, anchor, scale,
+                                 opts.yaw ~= 0 and opts.yaw or nil, curveK),
+        w = 720, h = 720, slot = "vrL", adopt = false },
+      cx = pivot[1], cy = pivot[3],
+    }
+    VoxelScene.spriteLean = math.rad(75)
+    local ok, out = pcall(VoxelScene.render, ow, 0, 0, vw, vh,
+                          VR.paletteFor, eyes)
+    VoxelScene.spriteLean = nil
+    if not (ok and out and out[1]) then
+      print("[dio] " .. name .. ": no frame (" .. tostring(out) .. ")")
+      Diorama.stop()
+      return
+    end
+    local okE, err = pcall(function()
+      love.filesystem.createDirectory(ROOT)
+      local data = out[1]:newImageData()
+      data:encode("png", ROOT .. "/" .. name .. ".png")
+    end)
+    print("[dio] " .. name
+          .. (okE and " written" or (" ENCODE FAILED: " .. tostring(err))))
+    Diorama.stop()
+  end
+
+  shoot("box", { mode = "diorama" })
+  shoot("box-turned", { mode = "diorama", yaw = math.rad(35) })
+  shoot("box-tight", { mode = "diorama", zoom = 0.5 })
+  shoot("ball-3", { mode = "diorama", curve = 3 })
+  shoot("ball-4", { mode = "diorama", curve = 4 })
+  shoot("ball-5", { mode = "diorama", curve = 5 })
+  shoot("ball-wide", { mode = "diorama", curve = 5, zoom = 1.9 })
+  shoot("keyed", { mode = "diorama-mr" })
+  shoot("keyed-ball", { mode = "diorama-mr", curve = 3 })
+  do
+    -- a fight's disc, cut about the arena the map would actually stage on
+    local BattleArena = V.require("BattleArena")
+    local ow = game.overworld
+    local arena = BattleArena.find(ow.map, ow.player.cellX, ow.player.cellY,
+                                   false)
+    if arena then
+      shoot("arena-disc", { mode = "diorama", arena = arena })
+    else
+      print("[dio] no arena on this map -- disc shot skipped")
+    end
+  end
+
+  Diorama.stop()
+  print("[dio] done; PNGs are under the LOVE save directory / " .. ROOT)
+  love.event.quit()
+end

tests/forest_fog_shots.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+-- Driver: screenshot the forest's atmosphere.
+--
+-- Viridian Forest through the pins: gold shafts and drifting pollen by
+-- day, silver moon rays and fireflies at night, the haze under both, one
+-- first-person frame standing inside a beam, and the control shots -- the
+-- row OFF (which must be pixel-identical to a run before the feature
+-- existed) and LOW (haze, half the shafts, no particles).
+--
+-- Deterministic on purpose: encounters killed, tile animation frozen, the
+-- atmosphere's own clock pinned, so an AB_TAG=before/after pair diffs
+-- clean (see tools/voxel-survey.md for the workflow).
+--
+--   SHOT_DIR=.scratchpad/forestfog AB_TAG=after \
+--   POKEPORT_DRIVER=mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/tests/forest_fog_shots.lua lovec.exe .
+return function(game)
+  local U = dofile("tests/drivers/util.lua")
+  local Pipelines = require("src.render.Pipelines")
+
+  local ROOT = (os.getenv("SHOT_DIR") or ".scratchpad/forestfog")
+    .. "/" .. (os.getenv("AB_TAG") or "after")
+
+  local exports = game.mods and game.mods.exports
+  local handle = exports and exports.DRAMATIC_SHAPE
+  if not (handle and handle.lib) then
+    U.log("DRAMATIC_SHAPE is not loaded -- enable it and run again")
+    return
+  end
+  local lib = handle.lib
+  local DayNight = lib.require("DayNight")
+  local ChunkMesher = lib.require("ChunkMesher")
+  local Voxel = lib.require("VoxelState")
+  local ForestAtmos = lib.require("ForestAtmos")
+
+  if not (game.data.maps and game.data.maps.VIRIDIAN_FOREST) then
+    U.log("no VIRIDIAN_FOREST in this dataset")
+    return
+  end
+
+  -- ------- the determinism recipe (see round_regress_shots)
+  require("src.world.OverworldController").rollEncounter =
+    function() return nil end
+  local TileRenderer = require("src.render.TileRenderer")
+  TileRenderer.tick = function() end
+  TileRenderer.animFrame = function() return 0 end
+  local Zoom = require("src.render.Zoom")
+  pcall(function()
+    game.save.options.zoom = 1
+    Zoom.applyOptions(game.save.options)
+  end)
+  -- pin the atmosphere's own clock: every shimmer and every mote is a
+  -- pure function of this number
+  ForestAtmos.frozen = true
+  ForestAtmos.time = 5
+
+  local function setTime(value)
+    DayNight.setting:sync(value)
+    DayNight.update(0)
+  end
+
+  local function settle()
+    for _ = 1, 900 do
+      if ChunkMesher.pending() == 0 then break end
+      U.wait(1)
+    end
+    for _ = 1, 300 do
+      if Voxel.t >= 1 and Voxel.ready and ChunkMesher.pending() == 0 then
+        break
+      end
+      U.wait(1)
+    end
+    U.wait(40)
+  end
+
+  local function go(x, y, face, rung)
+    U.teleport(game, "VIRIDIAN_FOREST", x, y, face or "up")
+    Pipelines.setLevel("voxel", rung or 5)
+    Pipelines.setLevel("tiltshift", 0)   -- judge the atmosphere, not the blur
+    settle()
+  end
+
+  ForestAtmos.setting:sync("full")
+
+  -- ------- day: gold spears and pollen, three vantages
+  setTime("day")
+  go(17, 20)
+  U.shot(game, ROOT .. "/10_day_17_20.png")
+  go(16, 20)
+  U.shot(game, ROOT .. "/11_day_16_20.png")
+  go(16, 24)
+  U.shot(game, ROOT .. "/12_day_16_24.png")
+
+  -- ------- night: moon rays and fireflies, same vantages
+  setTime("night")
+  go(17, 20)
+  U.shot(game, ROOT .. "/20_night_17_20.png")
+  go(16, 20)
+  U.shot(game, ROOT .. "/21_night_16_20.png")
+  go(16, 24)
+  U.shot(game, ROOT .. "/22_night_16_24.png")
+
+  -- ------- first person, standing in a beam
+  --
+  -- The shafts are dealt by seed, so ask the layout where one landed and
+  -- walk into it rather than guessing a cell.
+  local shaft
+  pcall(function()
+    local map = game.overworld and game.overworld.map
+    local L = map and ForestAtmos.layoutFor(map)
+    shaft = L and L.shafts and L.shafts[1]
+  end)
+  if shaft then
+    local cx = math.floor(shaft.x / 16)
+    local cy = math.floor(shaft.z / 16)
+    setTime("day")
+    go(cx, cy + 1, "up", 6)              -- the 1ST rung, facing the beam
+    U.shot(game, ROOT .. "/30_fp_in_beam_day.png")
+    setTime("night")
+    U.wait(30)
+    U.shot(game, ROOT .. "/31_fp_in_beam_night.png")
+  else
+    U.log("no shaft landed -- check the layout seed")
+  end
+
+  -- ------- the controls
+  setTime("day")
+  ForestAtmos.setting:sync("low")
+  go(17, 20)
+  U.shot(game, ROOT .. "/40_low_day.png")
+  ForestAtmos.setting:sync("off")
+  go(17, 20)
+  U.shot(game, ROOT .. "/41_off_day.png")   -- must match a pre-feature run
+
+  ForestAtmos.setting:sync("full")
+  ForestAtmos.frozen = false
+  setTime("day")
+  U.log("done -- " .. ROOT)
+end

tests/letsgo_shots.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+-- Driver: photograph the LET'S GO capture mode end to end.
+--
+-- One wild encounter under FULL: the battle menu should never be seen --
+-- capture mode opens over it with the ball hanging at the player's empty
+-- cell and the ring pulsing on the foe -- then a synthetic mouse flick
+-- throws the ball and the beats that follow are photographed: flight,
+-- the open-mouth suck, the drop-and-wobble, and the outcome.
+--
+--   SHOT_DIR=.scratchpad/letsgo \
+--   POKEPORT_DRIVER=mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/tests/letsgo_shots.lua \
+--   "/c/Program Files/LOVE/lovec.exe" .
+--
+-- SHOT_DIR must already exist. DS_LETSGO_MODE=catching runs the same
+-- beats through the bag-menu route instead of the FULL auto-entry.
+return function(game)
+  local U = dofile("tests/drivers/util.lua")
+  local DIR = os.getenv("SHOT_DIR") or ".scratchpad"
+  local MODE = os.getenv("DS_LETSGO_MODE") or "full"
+  local Pokemon = require("src.pokemon.Pokemon")
+  local BattleState = require("src.battle.BattleState")
+  local Bag = require("src.inventory.Bag")
+
+  local exports = game.mods and game.mods.exports
+  local lib = exports and exports.DRAMATIC_SHAPE and exports.DRAMATIC_SHAPE.lib
+  if not lib then
+    U.log("DRAMATIC_SHAPE is not loaded -- enable it and run again")
+    return
+  end
+  local LetsGo = lib.require("LetsGo")
+  local CatchThrow = lib.require("CatchThrow")
+  local BattleScene = lib.require("BattleScene")
+
+  -- a spread of levels, because the Let's Go award pays every party
+  -- member against its OWN level: a low one should pull far more from
+  -- the same catch than a high one, and a flat payout would hide that
+  game.save.party = {
+    Pokemon.new(game.data, "CHARIZARD", 45),
+    Pokemon.new(game.data, "PIKACHU", 10),
+    Pokemon.new(game.data, "RATTATA", 5),
+  }
+  game.save.player.name = "RED"
+  Bag.add(game.save, "POKE_BALL", 20, game.data)
+  Bag.add(game.save, "GREAT_BALL", 5, game.data)
+  -- DS_BALL forces the ball, so a MASTER_BALL run is a guaranteed catch
+  -- and the experience payout can be read deterministically
+  local FORCE = os.getenv("DS_BALL")
+  if FORCE then
+    Bag.add(game.save, FORCE, 5, game.data)
+    CatchThrow.lastBall = FORCE
+  end
+  local expBefore = {}
+  for i, m in ipairs(game.save.party) do
+    expBefore[i] = { exp = m.exp, level = m.level }
+  end
+  LetsGo.setting:setValue(MODE, game)
+  -- DS_RUNG=cards forces the 2D-3D A rung: the control run for the pic
+  -- measurement path, against the STADIUM models the save may be on
+  if os.getenv("DS_RUNG") == "cards" then
+    lib.require("OverworldBattle").setting:setValue(true, game)
+    U.log("3D-BTL forced to 2D-3D A")
+  end
+  U.log("LET'S GO mode: " .. tostring(LetsGo.mode()))
+
+  U.teleport(game, "ROUTE_1", 5, 8, "down")
+  U.wait(90)
+
+  local battle = BattleState.newWild(game, "PIDGEY", 5)
+  battle.onFinish = function() end
+  game.overworld:pushBattle(battle)
+
+  -- the wipe and the "Wild X appeared!" chatter: tap until the menu (or
+  -- capture mode, which under FULL opens the instant the menu would)
+  U.wait(70)
+  for i = 1, 80 do
+    if battle.phase == "menu" or CatchThrow.session() then break end
+    U.tap(game, "a")
+    U.wait(6)
+    if i % 20 == 0 then
+      U.log(("still driving intro: phase=%s queue=%d anim=%s")
+            :format(tostring(battle.phase), #(battle.queue or {}),
+                    tostring(battle.animPlaying)))
+    end
+  end
+
+  local function phase()
+    local s = CatchThrow.session()
+    return s and s.phase or ("battle:" .. tostring(battle.phase))
+  end
+
+  if MODE == "catching" then
+    -- the bag route: ITEM on the menu, then the ball
+    U.wait(20)
+    U.log("menu phase: " .. tostring(battle.phase))
+    -- cursor to ITEM (menu is 2x2: fight pkmn / item run) -- down once
+    U.tap(game, "down"); U.wait(4)
+    U.tap(game, "a"); U.wait(20)
+    -- the bag opens on the first item; balls were added first
+    U.tap(game, "a"); U.wait(10)
+  else
+    -- FULL: capture mode should have opened on its own
+    U.wait(30)
+  end
+
+  U.log("capture phase: " .. phase())
+  do
+    local s = CatchThrow.session()
+    if s then
+      local b = s.artBox
+      U.log(("probe: span=%.1f enemyGB=%.0f,%.0f playerGB=%.0f,%.0f")
+            :format(s.shot.enemySpan or -1, s.shot.enemy[1], s.shot.enemy[2],
+                    s.shot.player[1], s.shot.player[2]))
+      U.log(("probe: eye=%.0f,%.0f,%.0f  enemyW=%.0f,%.0f playerW=%.0f,%.0f")
+            :format(s.shot.eye[1], s.shot.eye[2], s.shot.eye[3],
+                    s.enemyPos[1], s.enemyPos[3],
+                    s.playerPos[1], s.playerPos[3]))
+      if b then
+        U.log(("probe: artBox ax=%d ay=%d box=%d..%d,%d..%d body r=%.1f yOff=%.1f")
+              :format(b.ax, b.ay, b.x0, b.x1, b.y0, b.y1,
+                      s.body.r, s.body.yOff))
+      else
+        U.log(("probe: artBox=nil body r=%.1f yOff=%.1f")
+              :format(s.body.r, s.body.yOff))
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  U.shot(game, DIR .. "/1_aim.png")
+
+  -- ------- the reach test
+  --
+  -- Drag the ball to the far corners of the WINDOW -- including well
+  -- below where the battle's text box used to be -- and report where it
+  -- actually ends up in the GB frame. A fence shows up here as a ball
+  -- that stops moving while the pointer keeps going.
+  do
+    local W, H = love.graphics.getDimensions()
+    local s = CatchThrow.session()
+    if s and love.mousepressed then
+      local hx, hy = s.handGB[1], s.handGB[2]
+      love.mousepressed(W * 0.5, H * 0.62, 1, false, 1)
+      U.wait(2)
+      local CORNERS = {
+        { "bottom-centre", 0.50, 0.97 },
+        { "bottom-left",   0.06, 0.97 },
+        { "bottom-right",  0.94, 0.97 },
+        { "top-left",      0.06, 0.10 },
+      }
+      for _, c in ipairs(CORNERS) do
+        for i = 1, 4 do
+          if love.mousemoved then
+            love.mousemoved(W * c[2], H * c[3], 0, 0, false)
+          end
+          U.wait(1)
+        end
+        local q = CatchThrow.session()
+        U.log(("reach %-14s -> ball GB %.0f,%.0f  (frame is 160x144)")
+              :format(c[1], q and q.handGB[1] or -1, q and q.handGB[2] or -1))
+        if c[1] == "bottom-centre" then
+          U.shot(game, DIR .. "/1b_drag_low.png")
+        end
+      end
+      -- a slow release is a dead flick: nothing is thrown
+      if love.mousereleased then
+        love.mousereleased(W * 0.06, H * 0.10, 1, false, 1)
+      end
+      U.wait(30)
+      U.log("after reach test: " .. phase()
+            .. ("  (ball home was %.0f,%.0f)"):format(hx, hy))
+    end
+  end
+
+  -- A synthetic flick aimed like a hand: from the session's own geometry,
+  -- pick a release point short of the ring and a sweep speed for a
+  -- comfortable sigma, so the aim model (release + reach along the flick)
+  -- lands the ball on the ring centre. Window units; the session maps
+  -- them back to GB through the live letterbox.
+  local aim = CatchThrow._aimInfo()
+  if aim then
+    local uw, uh = love.graphics.getDimensions()
+    local function toWin(gx, gy)
+      return (aim.lx + gx * aim.scale) * uw / aim.pw,
+             (aim.ly + gy * aim.scale) * uh / aim.ph
+    end
+    -- the throw is the swipe's own velocity now: grab the ball and sweep
+    -- toward the ring at a comfortable ~190 GB px/s for 8 frames.
+    -- DS_SWIPE overrides it, which is how the strength band is swept:
+    -- weak should fall short, comfortable should land, hard should still
+    -- reach rather than sail over.
+    local SPEED = tonumber(os.getenv("DS_SWIPE") or "") or 190
+    local FRAMES = 8
+    SPEED_USED = SPEED
+    local hx, hy = aim.hand[1], aim.hand[2]
+    local dx, dy = aim.ring[1] - hx, aim.ring[2] - hy
+    local d = math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy)
+    dx, dy = dx / d, dy / d
+    U.log(("aim: hand %.0f,%.0f ring %.0f,%.0f outer %.0f")
+          :format(hx, hy, aim.ring[1], aim.ring[2], aim.outer))
+    local step = SPEED / 60
+    if love.mousepressed then
+      local px, py = toWin(hx, hy)
+      love.mousepressed(px, py, 1, false, 1)
+    end
+    for i = 1, FRAMES do
+      local wx, wy = toWin(hx + dx * step * i, hy + dy * step * i)
+      if love.mousemoved then love.mousemoved(wx, wy, 0, 0, false) end
+      U.wait(1)
+    end
+    if love.mousereleased then
+      local wx, wy = toWin(hx + dx * step * FRAMES, hy + dy * step * FRAMES)
+      love.mousereleased(wx, wy, 1, false, 1)
+    end
+    -- what actually left the hand, before gravity has touched it
+    local s0 = CatchThrow.session()
+    if s0 and s0.vel then
+      local p = s0.ballInst.pos
+      U.log(("LAUNCH fwd/up/lat = %.1f %.1f %.1f  from height %.1f, %.1f px out")
+            :format(math.sqrt(s0.vel[1] ^ 2 + s0.vel[3] ^ 2), s0.vel[2], 0,
+                    p[2] - s0.groundY,
+                    math.sqrt((s0.enemyPos[1] - p[1]) ^ 2
+                              + (s0.enemyPos[3] - p[3]) ^ 2)))
+    else
+      U.log("LAUNCH -- nothing was thrown (flick rejected)")
+    end
+  else
+    U.log("NO AIM INFO -- capture mode did not open")
+  end
+
+  U.wait(4)
+  -- did it CONNECT? poll the flight out and say plainly which way it
+  -- went, so a strength sweep reads as a table instead of a guess
+  do
+    local verdict, peak = "no throw", 0
+    for _ = 1, 200 do
+      local s = CatchThrow.session()
+      if not s then verdict = "session gone" break end
+      if s.phase == "flight" then
+        local h = s.ballInst.pos[2] - s.groundY
+        if h > peak then peak = h end
+        verdict = "MISS (fell short / wide)"
+      elseif s.phase == "suck" or s.phase == "drop"
+             or s.phase == "wobble" then
+        verdict = "HIT" .. (s.tier and (" " .. s.tier) or " (outside ring)")
+        break
+      elseif s.phase ~= "aim" then
+        break
+      end
+      U.wait(1)
+    end
+    local body = CatchThrow.session() and CatchThrow.session().body
+    U.log(("THROW swipe=%d -> %s   (apex %.1f world px, body centre %.1f)")
+          :format(SPEED_USED or -1, verdict, peak, body and body.yOff or -1))
+  end
+  U.log("after flick: " .. phase())
+  U.shot(game, DIR .. "/2_flight.png")
+
+  -- the suck: ball open at the foe, beam on, mon shrinking
+  for _ = 1, 60 do
+    U.wait(1)
+    local s = CatchThrow.session()
+    if s and s.phase == "suck" then break end
+    if not CatchThrow.session() then break end
+  end
+  U.log("suck check: " .. phase()
+        .. "  shrink=" .. tostring(BattleScene.capture
+                                   and BattleScene.capture.shrink))
+  U.shot(game, DIR .. "/3_suck.png")
+
+  -- the drop and the first wobble
+  for _ = 1, 120 do
+    U.wait(1)
+    local s = CatchThrow.session()
+    if s and s.phase == "wobble" then break end
+    if not s then break end
+  end
+  U.wait(30)
+  U.log("wobble check: " .. phase()
+        .. "  shrink=" .. tostring(BattleScene.capture
+                                   and BattleScene.capture.shrink))
+  U.shot(game, DIR .. "/4_wobble.png")
+
+  -- the outcome: stars or burst, then the engine's own text
+  for _ = 1, 300 do
+    U.wait(1)
+    local s = CatchThrow.session()
+    if not s or s.phase == "epilogue" or s.phase == "burst" then break end
+  end
+  U.wait(20)
+  U.log("outcome: " .. phase())
+  U.shot(game, DIR .. "/5_outcome.png")
+
+  -- under FULL a breakout must land straight back in throw mode -- no
+  -- enemy turn between; a catch plays out its epilogue instead
+  -- keep tapping through the caught chatter so storeCaughtMon (and the
+  -- experience payout hanging off it) actually runs
+  for _ = 1, 60 do U.tap(game, "a"); U.wait(6) end
+  U.log(("after outcome: %s  battle=%s  balls=%d")
+        :format(phase(), tostring(battle.phase),
+                game.save.inventory.POKE_BALL or 0))
+  for i, m in ipairs(game.save.party) do
+    local was = expBefore[i]
+    local nm = game.data.pokemon[m.species].name
+    U.log(("EXP %-10s Lv%-3d -> Lv%-3d  exp %d -> %d  (+%d)")
+          :format(nm, was.level, m.level, was.exp, m.exp, m.exp - was.exp))
+  end
+  local combo = lib.require("LetsGo").combo()
+  U.log("combo: " .. (combo and (combo.species .. " x" .. combo.count)
+                      or "none"))
+  U.shot(game, DIR .. "/6_after.png")
+  U.log("done -- " .. DIR)
+end

tests/letsgo_trainer_exp.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+-- Driver: does a TRAINER knockout pay the whole party under LET'S GO FULL?
+--
+-- The catch payout is easy to see (one throw, one award). A knockout is
+-- not: it goes through the engine's own faint -> awardExp path, which is
+-- the one this mode replaces wholesale. So fight a real trainer with a
+-- deliberately uneven party and read the deltas -- every member should
+-- gain, and the low ones should gain multiples of the high one.
+--
+--   POKEPORT_DRIVER=mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/tests/letsgo_trainer_exp.lua \
+--   SHOT_DIR=.scratchpad/letsgo "/c/Program Files/LOVE/lovec.exe" .
+--
+-- DS_LETSGO_MODE=off runs the same fight on the engine's own rules, which
+-- is the control: there, only the Pokemon that fought should gain.
+return function(game)
+  local U = dofile("tests/drivers/util.lua")
+  local MODE = os.getenv("DS_LETSGO_MODE") or "full"
+  local Pokemon = require("src.pokemon.Pokemon")
+  local BattleState = require("src.battle.BattleState")
+
+  local exports = game.mods and game.mods.exports
+  local lib = exports and exports.DRAMATIC_SHAPE and exports.DRAMATIC_SHAPE.lib
+  if not lib then
+    U.log("DRAMATIC_SHAPE is not loaded -- enable it and run again")
+    return
+  end
+  local LetsGo = lib.require("LetsGo")
+  LetsGo.setting:setValue(MODE == "off" and false or MODE, game)
+  U.log("LET'S GO mode: " .. tostring(LetsGo.mode()))
+
+  -- count the summary cards at their SOURCE rather than by catching them
+  -- on the stack: the driver taps fast enough to dismiss one between two
+  -- polls, and an absence there would look like a card that never came
+  local ExpPanel = lib.require("ExpPanel")
+  local innerNew, cards = ExpPanel.new, 0
+  ExpPanel.new = function(g, rows)
+    local panel = innerNew(g, rows)
+    cards = cards + 1
+    -- read at DRAW time in the real thing; here the loop that fills it
+    -- has already run, so peeking now is honest
+    local parts = {}
+    for _, r in ipairs(rows or {}) do
+      parts[#parts + 1] = ("%s+%d%s"):format(
+        (g.data.pokemon[r.mon.species] or {}).name or "?", r.gained or 0,
+        (r.to or 0) > (r.from or 0) and ("->L" .. r.to) or "")
+    end
+    U.log(("EXP CARD #%d: %s"):format(cards, table.concat(parts, "  ")))
+    CARD_HOLD = 20        -- frames to stop tapping, so it can be shot
+    return panel
+  end
+
+  -- one strong fighter and two bystanders: only the fighter gains on the
+  -- engine's own rules, so the bystanders ARE the test
+  game.save.party = {
+    Pokemon.new(game.data, "CHARIZARD", 45),
+    Pokemon.new(game.data, "PIKACHU", 10),
+    Pokemon.new(game.data, "RATTATA", 5),
+  }
+  game.save.player.name = "RED"
+
+  -- The WEAKEST party in the game: one Pokemon, lowest level. Picked by
+  -- measuring rather than by name -- an alphabetical first pick lands on
+  -- OPP_AGATHA, whose Elite Four ghosts a level 45 Charizard does not
+  -- reliably clear, and a fight that never resolves reads exactly like a
+  -- payout that never happened.
+  local class, partyIx, best = nil, 1, nil
+  local ids = {}
+  for id in pairs(game.data.trainers) do
+    if type(id) == "string" and id:sub(1, 1) ~= "_" then ids[#ids + 1] = id end
+  end
+  table.sort(ids)                       -- stable across runs
+  for _, id in ipairs(ids) do
+    local rec = game.data.trainers[id]
+    for pi, party in ipairs((type(rec) == "table" and rec.parties) or {}) do
+      local n, top = 0, 0
+      for _, mon in ipairs(party) do
+        n = n + 1
+        top = math.max(top, tonumber(mon.level) or 0)
+      end
+      if n > 0 then
+        local score = n * 100 + top
+        if not best or score < best then
+          best, class, partyIx = score, id, pi
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  U.log(("fighting %s party %d (weakest of %d classes)")
+        :format(tostring(class), partyIx, #ids))
+
+  local before = {}
+  for i, m in ipairs(game.save.party) do
+    before[i] = { exp = m.exp, level = m.level }
+  end
+
+  U.teleport(game, "ROUTE_1", 5, 8, "down")
+  U.wait(60)
+
+  local battle = BattleState.newTrainer(game, class, partyIx)
+  battle.onFinish = function() end
+  game.overworld:pushBattle(battle)
+  U.wait(70)
+
+  -- through the intro to the menu, then FIGHT + first move, over and
+  -- over until the fight resolves. The enemy's HP is logged as it goes,
+  -- so a fight that stalls is visibly a stall rather than a silent zero.
+  local lastHP, shotPanel = nil, false
+  for i = 1, 900 do
+    -- the fight ending does NOT end the loop until the card has been
+    -- photographed: the last knockout resolves the battle in the same
+    -- breath that queues the card, so breaking on `result` alone leaves
+    -- every run with the card built and never seen
+    if battle.result and shotPanel then break end
+    -- hold the taps while the card is up, so it can be shot rather than
+    -- dismissed on the next frame
+    if (CARD_HOLD or 0) > 0 then
+      CARD_HOLD = CARD_HOLD - 1
+      if not shotPanel then
+        local top = game.stack and game.stack:top()
+        if top and rawget(top, "rows") then
+          shotPanel = true
+          U.shot(game, (os.getenv("SHOT_DIR") or ".scratchpad")
+                       .. "/exp_panel.png")
+          U.log("shot the card")
+        end
+      end
+      U.wait(1)
+    elseif battle.phase == "menu" then
+      battle.menuIndex = 1              -- FIGHT
+      U.tap(game, "a")
+    elseif battle.phase == "moveSelect" then
+      battle.moveIndex = 1
+      U.tap(game, "a")
+    else
+      U.tap(game, "a")
+    end
+    local hp = battle.enemy and battle.enemy.mon and battle.enemy.mon.hp
+    if hp ~= lastHP then
+      lastHP = hp
+      U.log(("  foe HP -> %s  (phase %s, step %d)")
+            :format(tostring(hp), tostring(battle.phase), i))
+    end
+    -- photograph the summary card the moment it is on top, then let the
+    -- taps carry on and dismiss it
+    local top = game.stack and game.stack:top()
+    if top and not shotPanel and top ~= battle and rawget(top, "rows") then
+      shotPanel = true
+      U.shot(game, (os.getenv("SHOT_DIR") or ".scratchpad")
+                   .. "/exp_panel.png")
+      U.log("shot the card")
+    end
+    U.wait(5)
+  end
+  U.log("battle result: " .. tostring(battle.result)
+        .. "  phase=" .. tostring(battle.phase))
+
+  for i, m in ipairs(game.save.party) do
+    local was = before[i]
+    U.log(("EXP %-10s Lv%-3d -> Lv%-3d  exp %d -> %d  (+%d)")
+          :format(game.data.pokemon[m.species].name, was.level, m.level,
+                  was.exp, m.exp, m.exp - was.exp))
+  end
+  U.log("done")
+end

tests/mansion_desk_shots.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+-- Scratch driver: the Game Freak office computer desks (buildings
+-- template mansion_computer_desk).  CELADON_MANSION_2F cell (0,5) and
+-- CELADON_MANSION_3F cells (0,3)/(3,3)/(0,6).  Shot at the voxel rung
+-- (5), the mid rung (4) and the flat rung (3) for orientation.
+--
+--   POKEPORT_DRIVER=mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/tests/mansion_desk_shots.lua \
+--   SHOT_DIR=mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/.claude/voxelizations \
+--   AB_TAG=before "/c/Program Files/LOVE/lovec.exe" .
+return function(game)
+  local U = dofile("tests/drivers/util.lua")
+  local Pipelines = require("src.render.Pipelines")
+
+  local ROOT = (os.getenv("SHOT_DIR")
+    or "mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/.claude/voxelizations")
+  local TAG = os.getenv("AB_TAG") or "shot"
+
+  local handle = game.mods.exports["DRAMATIC_SHAPE"]
+  if not (handle and handle.lib) then
+    print("[deskshot] DRAMATIC_SHAPE is not loaded")
+    return
+  end
+  local V = handle.lib
+  do -- prove the RUNNING mod's profile carries the new template
+    local ok, s = pcall(V.data, "voxel_heights")
+    local found = "NO"
+    if ok and type(s) == "table" and s.buildings and s.buildings.MANSION then
+      for _, t in ipairs(s.buildings.MANSION) do
+        if t.id == "mansion_computer_desk" then
+          found = ("YES fascia=%d-%d base=%d-%d parts=%d")
+            :format(t.desk.fascia[1], t.desk.fascia[2],
+                    t.desk.base[1], t.desk.base[2], #t.parts)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    print("[deskshot] running-mod mansion_computer_desk: " .. found)
+  end
+  local DayNight = V.require("DayNight")
+  local ChunkMesher = V.require("ChunkMesher")
+  local Voxel = V.require("VoxelState")
+
+  require("src.world.OverworldController").rollEncounter = function() return nil end
+  local TileRenderer = require("src.render.TileRenderer")
+  TileRenderer.tick = function() end
+  TileRenderer.animFrame = function() return 0 end
+  DayNight.setting:sync("day")
+
+  pcall(os.execute, 'mkdir -p "' .. ROOT .. '" 2>/dev/null')
+  pcall(os.execute, 'mkdir "' .. ROOT:gsub("/", "\\") .. '" 2>nul')
+
+  local Zoom = require("src.render.Zoom")
+  pcall(function()
+    game.save.options.zoom = 1
+    Zoom.applyOptions(game.save.options)
+  end)
+
+  local function settle()
+    for _ = 1, 900 do
+      if ChunkMesher.pending() == 0 then break end
+      U.wait(1)
+    end
+    for _ = 1, 300 do
+      if Voxel.t >= 1 and Voxel.ready and ChunkMesher.pending() == 0 then break end
+      U.wait(1)
+    end
+    U.wait(40)
+  end
+
+  local SCENES = {
+    -- 2F: the lone desk at (0,5):(1,6).  Stand just south of it, facing
+    -- north, so the camera looks along the desk's front face.
+    { map = "CELADON_MANSION_2F", x = 1, y = 7, face = "up", label = "desk2f" },
+    -- and from the east, to see the drawer pedestal and the chair in
+    -- profile against the checker floor
+    { map = "CELADON_MANSION_2F", x = 2, y = 6, face = "left", label = "desk2f_side" },
+    -- 3F: the pair at (0,3) and (3,3), both in frame from between them
+    { map = "CELADON_MANSION_3F", x = 2, y = 5, face = "up", label = "desk3f_pair" },
+    -- 3F: the south desk at (0,6), close in
+    { map = "CELADON_MANSION_3F", x = 1, y = 8, face = "up", label = "desk3f" },
+  }
+
+  local shots = 0
+  for _, s in ipairs(SCENES) do
+    local ok = pcall(U.teleport, game, s.map, s.x, s.y, s.face)
+    if ok then
+      for _, rung in ipairs({ 5, 4, 3 }) do
+        Pipelines.setLevel("voxel", rung)
+        Pipelines.setLevel("tiltshift", 0)
+        settle()
+        local path = ("%s/%s_%s_r%d.png"):format(ROOT, TAG, s.label, rung)
+        game.capturePath = path
+        U.wait(6)
+        local f = io.open(path, "rb")
+        if f then f:close() shots = shots + 1
+        else print("[deskshot] capture missed: " .. path) end
+      end
+    else
+      print("[deskshot] teleport failed: " .. s.map)
+    end
+  end
+  print(("[deskshot] %d shots into %s (tag %s)"):format(shots, ROOT, TAG))
+  love.event.quit()
+end

tests/mansion_shots.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+-- Scratch driver: the CELADON_MANSION_1F square table (buildings
+-- template mansion_square_table, cells (0,6):(1,7)). Shot at the voxel
+-- rung (5) and the flat rung (3) for orientation, front/back/side.
+--
+--   POKEPORT_DRIVER=mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/tests/mansion_shots.lua \
+--   SHOT_DIR=mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/.claude/voxelizations \
+--   "/c/Program Files/LOVE/lovec.exe" .
+return function(game)
+  local U = dofile("tests/drivers/util.lua")
+  local Pipelines = require("src.render.Pipelines")
+
+  local ROOT = (os.getenv("SHOT_DIR")
+    or "mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/.claude/voxelizations")
+
+  local handle = game.mods.exports["DRAMATIC_SHAPE"]
+  if not (handle and handle.lib) then
+    print("[mansion] DRAMATIC_SHAPE is not loaded")
+    return
+  end
+  local V = handle.lib
+  do -- prove the RUNNING mod's profile carries the new template
+    local ok, s = pcall(V.data, "voxel_heights")
+    local found = false
+    if ok and type(s) == "table" and s.buildings and s.buildings.MANSION then
+      for _, t in ipairs(s.buildings.MANSION) do
+        if t.id == "mansion_square_table" then found = true end
+      end
+    end
+    print("[mansion] running-mod mansion_square_table: " .. tostring(found))
+  end
+  local DayNight = V.require("DayNight")
+  local ChunkMesher = V.require("ChunkMesher")
+  local Voxel = V.require("VoxelState")
+
+  require("src.world.OverworldController").rollEncounter = function() return nil end
+  local TileRenderer = require("src.render.TileRenderer")
+  TileRenderer.tick = function() end
+  TileRenderer.animFrame = function() return 0 end
+  DayNight.setting:sync("day")
+
+  pcall(os.execute, 'mkdir -p "' .. ROOT .. '" 2>/dev/null')
+  pcall(os.execute, 'mkdir "' .. ROOT:gsub("/", "\\") .. '" 2>nul')
+
+  local Zoom = require("src.render.Zoom")
+  pcall(function()
+    game.save.options.zoom = 1
+    Zoom.applyOptions(game.save.options)
+  end)
+
+  local function settle()
+    for _ = 1, 900 do
+      if ChunkMesher.pending() == 0 then break end
+      U.wait(1)
+    end
+    for _ = 1, 300 do
+      if Voxel.t >= 1 and Voxel.ready and ChunkMesher.pending() == 0 then break end
+      U.wait(1)
+    end
+    U.wait(40)
+  end
+
+  local SCENES = {
+    -- the rung-5 camera looks north from ~4 cells south of the player, so
+    -- the room's 16-voxel south wall hides the 6-voxel table at the low
+    -- rung; rungs 4 and 3 pitch over it.  Stand just south of the table.
+    { map = "CELADON_MANSION_1F", x = 1, y = 8, face = "up", label = "sqtable" },
+    { map = "CELADON_MANSION_1F", x = 2, y = 6, face = "left", label = "sqtable_beside" },
+  }
+
+  local shots = 0
+  for _, s in ipairs(SCENES) do
+    local ok = pcall(U.teleport, game, s.map, s.x, s.y, s.face)
+    if ok then
+      for _, rung in ipairs({ 5, 4, 3 }) do
+        Pipelines.setLevel("voxel", rung)
+        Pipelines.setLevel("tiltshift", 0)
+        settle()
+        local path = ("%s/%s_r%d.png"):format(ROOT, s.label, rung)
+        game.capturePath = path
+        U.wait(6)
+        local f = io.open(path, "rb")
+        if f then f:close() shots = shots + 1
+        else print("[mansion] capture missed: " .. path) end
+      end
+    else
+      print("[mansion] teleport failed: " .. s.map)
+    end
+  end
+  print(("[mansion] %d shots into %s"):format(shots, ROOT))
+  love.event.quit()
+end

tests/roof_cap_shots.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+-- Driver: the two sloped-roof drawings in Pallet Town, shot at the orbit
+-- rungs, to see what the roof surface wears down a TAPERED flank.
+--
+-- A tapered column's first drawn row is its silhouette cap, and the cap is
+-- outline black. The depth map spends most of the roof's depth above that
+-- cap, so a surface clamped onto it paints the outline the length of the
+-- slope and the course cycle beats against it -- black teeth marching down
+-- the hip. The surface belongs on the column's first PAINTED row instead.
+--
+--   POKEPORT_DRIVER=mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/tests/roof_cap_shots.lua \
+--   SHOT_DIR=.scratchpad/roofcap AB_TAG=before lovec.exe .
+return function(game)
+  local U = dofile("tests/drivers/util.lua")
+  local Pipelines = require("src.render.Pipelines")
+
+  local ROOT = (os.getenv("SHOT_DIR") or "shots/roofcap")
+    .. "/" .. (os.getenv("AB_TAG") or "after")
+
+  local handle = game.mods.exports["DRAMATIC_SHAPE"]
+  if not (handle and handle.lib) then
+    print("[cap] DRAMATIC_SHAPE mod not loaded")
+    return
+  end
+  local V = handle.lib
+  local DayNight = V.require("DayNight")
+  local ChunkMesher = V.require("ChunkMesher")
+  local Voxel = V.require("VoxelState")
+
+  require("src.world.OverworldController").rollEncounter = function() return nil end
+  local TileRenderer = require("src.render.TileRenderer")
+  TileRenderer.tick = function() end
+  TileRenderer.animFrame = function() return 0 end
+  DayNight.setting:sync("day")
+
+  pcall(os.execute, 'mkdir -p "' .. ROOT .. '" 2>/dev/null')
+  pcall(os.execute, 'mkdir "' .. ROOT:gsub("/", "\\") .. '" 2>nul')
+
+  local Zoom = require("src.render.Zoom")
+  pcall(function()
+    game.save.options.zoom = 1
+    Zoom.applyOptions(game.save.options)
+  end)
+
+  local function settle()
+    for _ = 1, 900 do
+      if ChunkMesher.pending() == 0 then break end
+      U.wait(1)
+    end
+    for _ = 1, 300 do
+      if Voxel.t >= 1 and Voxel.ready and ChunkMesher.pending() == 0 then break end
+      U.wait(1)
+    end
+    U.wait(30)
+  end
+
+  -- B07 (the gabled house: Red's and Blue's) and B31 (Oak's lab) are the
+  -- two tapered roof bands standing on one map -- 16 drawn rows and 32,
+  -- the two groups every other sloped building borrows its band table
+  -- from. Standing south of each puts the hip end across the frame.
+  local SCENES = {
+    { map = "PALLET_TOWN", x = 5,  y = 6,  face = "up", label = "reds_house" },
+    { map = "PALLET_TOWN", x = 13, y = 3,  face = "up", label = "blues_house" },
+    { map = "PALLET_TOWN", x = 12, y = 12, face = "up", label = "oaks_lab" },
+  }
+
+  local shots = 0
+  for _, s in ipairs(SCENES) do
+    for _, rung in ipairs({ 3, 5 }) do
+      U.teleport(game, s.map, s.x, s.y, s.face)
+      Pipelines.setLevel("voxel", rung)
+      Pipelines.setLevel("tiltshift", 0)
+      settle()
+      local path = ("%s/%s_v%d.png"):format(ROOT, s.label, rung)
+      game.capturePath = path
+      U.wait(8)
+      local f = io.open(path, "rb")
+      if f then f:close() shots = shots + 1
+      else print("[cap] capture missed: " .. path) end
+    end
+  end
+  print(("[cap] %d shots into %s"):format(shots, ROOT))
+  love.event.quit()
+end

tests/safari_shots.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+-- Scratch driver: the Safari Zone's decorations — the "cut"-style round
+-- trees ($54/$55/$56/$57, one cell) and the stump/bush rows ($02/$03/
+-- $12/$13) — front and back, at the voxel rung (5) and the flat rung (3)
+-- for orientation. Same spots BEFORE and AFTER the pin change.
+--
+--   POKEPORT_DRIVER=mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/tests/safari_shots.lua \
+--   SHOT_DIR=.scratchpad/safari AB_TAG=before "/c/Program Files/LOVE/lovec.exe" .
+return function(game)
+  local U = dofile("tests/drivers/util.lua")
+  local Pipelines = require("src.render.Pipelines")
+
+  local ROOT = (os.getenv("SHOT_DIR") or "shots/safari")
+    .. "/" .. (os.getenv("AB_TAG") or "after")
+
+  local handle = game.mods.exports["DRAMATIC_SHAPE"]
+  if not (handle and handle.lib) then
+    print("[safari] DRAMATIC_SHAPE is not loaded")
+    return
+  end
+  local V = handle.lib
+  do -- what does the RUNNING mod think tile 84 on FOREST is?
+    local TS = V.require("TileShape")
+    local shapes = TS.forMap({ tileset = { id = "FOREST",
+                                           imageWidth = 128,
+                                           imageHeight = 48 } })
+    local s = shapes[84]
+    print("[safari] running-mod tile 84: "
+      .. (s and (tostring(s.class) .. "/" .. tostring(s.art)
+                 .. " authored=" .. tostring(s.authored)) or "nil"))
+  end
+  local DayNight = V.require("DayNight")
+  local ChunkMesher = V.require("ChunkMesher")
+  local Voxel = V.require("VoxelState")
+
+  require("src.world.OverworldController").rollEncounter = function() return nil end
+  local TileRenderer = require("src.render.TileRenderer")
+  TileRenderer.tick = function() end
+  TileRenderer.animFrame = function() return 0 end
+  DayNight.setting:sync("day")
+
+  pcall(os.execute, 'mkdir -p "' .. ROOT .. '" 2>/dev/null')
+  pcall(os.execute, 'mkdir "' .. ROOT:gsub("/", "\\") .. '" 2>nul')
+
+  local Zoom = require("src.render.Zoom")
+  pcall(function()
+    game.save.options.zoom = 1
+    Zoom.applyOptions(game.save.options)
+  end)
+
+  local function settle()
+    for _ = 1, 900 do
+      if ChunkMesher.pending() == 0 then break end
+      U.wait(1)
+    end
+    for _ = 1, 300 do
+      if Voxel.t >= 1 and Voxel.ready and ChunkMesher.pending() == 0 then break end
+      U.wait(1)
+    end
+    U.wait(40)
+  end
+
+  local SCENES = {
+    -- tree row at (2..5, 3), seen from the south = its front
+    { map = "SAFARI_ZONE_EAST", x = 4, y = 5, face = "up", label = "trees_front" },
+    -- the same row from the north = its back
+    { map = "SAFARI_ZONE_EAST", x = 4, y = 1, face = "down", label = "trees_back" },
+    -- the long tree line at (2..9, 6)
+    { map = "SAFARI_ZONE_EAST", x = 6, y = 8, face = "up", label = "treeline" },
+    -- the stump/bush row along the top edge (8..19, 0)
+    { map = "SAFARI_ZONE_EAST", x = 12, y = 2, face = "up", label = "stumps_front" },
+    -- Safari Center's west tree column, edge-on
+    { map = "SAFARI_ZONE_CENTER", x = 2, y = 4, face = "left", label = "center_trees" },
+  }
+
+  local shots = 0
+  for _, s in ipairs(SCENES) do
+    local ok = pcall(U.teleport, game, s.map, s.x, s.y, s.face)
+    if ok then
+      for _, rung in ipairs({ 5, 3 }) do
+        Pipelines.setLevel("voxel", rung)
+        Pipelines.setLevel("tiltshift", 0)
+        settle()
+        local path = ("%s/%s_r%d.png"):format(ROOT, s.label, rung)
+        game.capturePath = path
+        U.wait(6)
+        local f = io.open(path, "rb")
+        if f then f:close() shots = shots + 1
+        else print("[safari] capture missed: " .. path) end
+      end
+    else
+      print("[safari] teleport failed: " .. s.map)
+    end
+  end
+  print(("[safari] %d shots into %s"):format(shots, ROOT))
+  love.event.quit()
+end

tests/stadium_all_shots.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+-- Driver: one STADIUM screenshot per species, every one of the 151 standing
+-- on the ENEMY mark in its standby loop.
+--
+-- stadium_shots.lua photographs a handful of deliberately awkward cases; this
+-- is the exhaustive sweep behind it. What it exists to catch is the class of
+-- fault that is per-MODEL and invisible to the headless QA pass -- a texture
+-- that comes out magenta, a mon standing in the floor or floating over it, a
+-- silhouette that is subtly the wrong shape -- none of which is a number
+-- stadium_anim_qa.lua can measure.
+--
+--   SHOT_DIR=mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/.claude/stadium_verify \
+--   POKEPORT_SPEED=4 \
+--   POKEPORT_DRIVER=mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/tests/stadium_all_shots.lua \
+--   lovec.exe .
+--
+-- Files land as NNN_species.png in dex order. Run from the PROJECT ROOT.
+--
+-- ------- everything but the foe is nailed down
+--
+-- The whole value of 151 shots is that they are comparable, so the staging is
+-- identical in every one: same map, same cells, same hour (the day/night
+-- cycle would otherwise relight every shot), same rung, and the same small
+-- Pokemon on the player's mark -- DIGLETT, chosen because it is the shortest
+-- model in the set and so hides the least of the arena behind it. Whatever
+-- differs between two of these shots is the foe.
+--
+-- ------- the model/sprite verdict is the other half
+--
+-- A species whose pack will not load, or whose animation data the packer
+-- declined, does not error: StadiumMon.setSpecies answers false and the mode
+-- quietly stands the Game Boy's flat pic on the tile instead. That is the
+-- correct behaviour and it is nearly invisible in a screenshot at a glance --
+-- which is exactly why it needs counting rather than looking. Stadium.showing
+-- is asked for every species and the ones that decline are listed at the end.
+return function(game)
+  local U = dofile("tests/drivers/util.lua")
+  local DIR = os.getenv("SHOT_DIR") or ".claude/stadium_verify"
+  local Pokemon = require("src.pokemon.Pokemon")
+  local BattleState = require("src.battle.BattleState")
+
+  local exports = game.mods and game.mods.exports
+  local lib = exports and exports.DRAMATIC_SHAPE and exports.DRAMATIC_SHAPE.lib
+  if not lib then
+    U.log("DRAMATIC_SHAPE is not loaded -- enable it and run again")
+    return
+  end
+  local Battles = lib.require("OverworldBattle")
+  local Stadium = lib.require("Stadium")
+  local Pack = lib.require("StadiumPack")
+  local Install = lib.require("StadiumInstall")
+
+  -- every real species the merged data carries, in dex order
+  local species = {}
+  for id, def in pairs(game.data.pokemon) do
+    if type(id) == "string" and type(def) == "table"
+       and def.dex and def.dex >= 1 and def.dex <= 151 then
+      species[#species + 1] = { id = id, dex = def.dex }
+    end
+  end
+  table.sort(species, function(a, b) return a.dex < b.dex end)
+
+  game.save.player.name = "RED"
+
+  -- ONTO THE MAP FIRST: the model build (if one is owed) is pushed from the
+  -- mod's update hook on the first frame the overworld is the top state, so
+  -- waiting for it before teleporting waits forever.
+  U.teleport(game, "ROUTE_1", 5, 8, "down")
+
+  local waited = 0
+  while (Install.pending() or Install.status.state == "building")
+        and waited < 5400 do
+    U.wait(10)
+    waited = waited + 10
+  end
+  if waited > 0 then
+    U.log(("waited %.1fs for the model build -- %s")
+          :format(waited / 60, tostring(Install.status.state)))
+  end
+
+  Battles.setting:setValue("stadium", game)
+  Battles.backSetting:setValue(false, game)
+  lib.require("DayNight").setting:setValue(os.getenv("DS_TOD") or "day", game)
+
+  local have = 0
+  for dex = 1, 151 do
+    if Pack.available(dex) then have = have + 1 end
+  end
+  U.log(("%d species, %d/151 packs on disk, rung = %s")
+        :format(#species, have, tostring(Battles.setting:get())))
+
+  -- let the neighbourhood's meshes land, so the first fight opens on the
+  -- real arena rather than the flat fallback
+  U.wait(90)
+
+  local asPic, stuck, missed = {}, {}, {}
+
+  for _, s in ipairs(species) do
+    -- the player's side is a constant (see the header), so the only thing
+    -- that changes between two shots is the Pokemon being verified
+    game.save.party = { Pokemon.new(game.data, "DIGLETT", 40) }
+
+    local battle = BattleState.newWild(game, s.id, 30)
+    battle.onFinish = function() end
+    game.overworld:pushBattle(battle)
+
+    -- the wipe and the intro chatter, then far enough past it that the
+    -- player's own Pokemon has been sent out -- before that the player's
+    -- side is legitimately the trainer's back sprite and the foe is still
+    -- sliding in
+    U.wait(70)
+    for _ = 1, 40 do
+      if battle.phase == "menu" then break end
+      U.tap(game, "a")
+      U.wait(10)
+    end
+    if battle.phase ~= "menu" then
+      stuck[#stuck + 1] = s.id
+      U.log(("STUCK before menu: %s (phase %s)")
+            :format(s.id, tostring(battle.phase)))
+    end
+    -- and let the send-out beat finish so the mon is standing still in its
+    -- standby loop rather than mid-arrival
+    U.wait(45)
+
+    -- model or flat pic? asked here, with the fight actually on screen
+    if not Stadium.showing("enemy") then
+      asPic[#asPic + 1] = ("%03d %s"):format(s.dex, s.id)
+    end
+
+    local path = ("%s/%03d_%s.png"):format(DIR, s.dex, s.id:lower())
+    if not U.shot(game, path) then
+      missed[#missed + 1] = s.id
+    end
+
+    while game.stack:top() and game.stack:top() ~= game.overworld do
+      game.stack:pop()
+    end
+    U.wait(10)
+  end
+
+  U.log(("---- %d shots -> %s"):format(#species - #missed, DIR))
+  if #asPic > 0 then
+    U.log(("%d species declined to a model and were shot as FLAT PICS: %s")
+          :format(#asPic, table.concat(asPic, ", ")))
+  else
+    U.log("all species stood as MODELS -- none fell back to a flat pic")
+  end
+  if #stuck > 0 then
+    U.log(("%d never reached the battle menu: %s")
+          :format(#stuck, table.concat(stuck, ", ")))
+  end
+  if #missed > 0 then
+    U.log(("%d screenshots did not reach disk: %s")
+          :format(#missed, table.concat(missed, ", ")))
+  end
+  U.log("done -- " .. DIR)
+end

tests/stadium_anim_qa.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,622 @@
+-- STADIUM battles: every Pokemon, every animation, every frame.
+--
+--   luajit mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/tests/stadium_anim_qa.lua \
+--     [--packs=DIR] [--dex=N[,N...]] [--step=0.5] [--quiet]
+--
+-- Run from the PROJECT ROOT.
+--
+-- ------- what this is for
+--
+-- A battle asks a species for one of its animations and then poses, skins,
+-- re-textures and draws it sixty times a second. Nothing in that chain is
+-- exercised by the pack probe, which reads the format and walks a bind pose,
+-- and nothing in it is exercised by the shot drivers, which show one species
+-- in one animation at a time. So the failures that only some species have --
+-- a texture index nothing maps, an animation that throws a bone into orbit,
+-- a track that indexes off its own end -- have had no way of being found
+-- except by a player calling that Pokemon out.
+--
+-- This is that sweep, headless: the REAL StadiumPack, the REAL StadiumRig
+-- and the REAL StadiumMon over stubs for the three things a graphics context
+-- provides (a mesh, an image, the draw call). Every species, every animation
+-- it carries, every frame of it, plus the battle state machine over every
+-- one of the 165 move slots.
+--
+-- ------- the stubs are not lenient
+--
+-- The fake mesh and the fake image behave like LOVE's do in the one way that
+-- matters: an object that has been released THROWS when it is used, with
+-- LOVE's own message. That is deliberate -- a released texture reaching a
+-- draw call is a real failure mode of this mode (see the LRU note in
+-- StadiumPack), and a stub that quietly accepted one would hide exactly the
+-- class of bug this sweep exists to find.
+
+local args = {}
+local only = nil
+for _, a in ipairs({ ... }) do
+  local k, v = a:match("^%-%-([%w_]+)=(.*)$")
+  if k then args[k] = v elseif a == "--quiet" then args.quiet = "1" end
+end
+if args.dex then
+  only = {}
+  for n in args.dex:gmatch("%d+") do only[#only + 1] = tonumber(n) end
+end
+
+local MOD = "mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod"
+
+-- Where the .dsm packs are. The mod builds them into LOVE's save directory
+-- on first run (StadiumInstall), which is where a developer machine actually
+-- has them; a checkout that has run tools/stadium_pack.py has them in the
+-- mod instead. Both are tried, and --packs overrides.
+local PACK_DIRS = {}
+local function lookIn(dir)
+  if dir and dir ~= "" then PACK_DIRS[#PACK_DIRS + 1] = dir end
+end
+lookIn(args.packs)
+lookIn(os.getenv("APPDATA")
+       and os.getenv("APPDATA") .. "/LOVE/pokemon-love2d/dramatic_shape/stadium")
+lookIn(os.getenv("HOME")
+       and os.getenv("HOME")
+           .. "/.local/share/love/pokemon-love2d/dramatic_shape/stadium")
+lookIn(MOD .. "/assets/stadium")
+
+-- How far apart the sampled frames are, in the animation's own 30 Hz frames.
+-- A half frame rather than a whole one because the rig INTERPOLATES between
+-- entries, and the blend has guards of its own that only run when k > 0 --
+-- sampling on whole frames alone would never execute them.
+local STEP = tonumber(args.step or "0.5")
+
+-- How much taller than its own bind pose a posed model may stand before it
+-- is called broken. Generous on purpose: a Pokemon that rears up, a wing
+-- that opens, a Gyarados that lunges are all genuinely several times their
+-- standing height. What this catches is the other thing -- a bone thrown
+-- hundreds of units off the body, which comes out in the dozens.
+local EXPLODE = 6.0
+
+-- The texture index of a primitive the source says has no texture. The pack
+-- stores indices one-based, so the packer's 0xFFFF sentinel arrives as this.
+local UNTEXTURED = 0xFFFF + 1
+
+-- species -> true, for the ones that carry such a primitive. Counted rather
+-- than reported (see the texture check).
+local untextured = {}
+
+-- species the rig refuses to anchor because their own standby loop says the
+-- body estimate cannot be trusted (StadiumRig.ANCHOR_STEADY)
+local unanchored = {}
+
+-- How far the mode lets an animation carry the Pokemon off its tile, in body
+-- heights. Read from StadiumMon rather than repeated, so the sweep cannot go
+-- on passing against a number the mode has since changed.
+local TRAVEL = nil
+
+-- ------- the harness
+
+package.path = "./?.lua;./?/init.lua;" .. package.path
+
+local packDir = nil
+for _, dir in ipairs(PACK_DIRS) do
+  if dir and dir ~= "" then
+    local fp = io.open(dir .. "/001.dsm", "rb")
+    if fp then fp:close() packDir = dir break end
+  end
+end
+if not packDir then
+  print("no .dsm packs found -- pass --packs=DIR")
+  print("looked in:")
+  for _, dir in ipairs(PACK_DIRS) do
+    if dir and dir ~= "" then print("  " .. dir) end
+  end
+  os.exit(1)
+end
+
+local function readFile(path)
+  local fp = io.open(path, "rb")
+  if not fp then return nil end
+  local bytes = fp:read("*a")
+  fp:close()
+  return bytes
+end
+
+-- ------- the three things a graphics context provides
+--
+-- A released object throws, exactly as LOVE's does. See the header.
+
+local RELEASED = "Cannot use object after it has been released."
+
+local function checkLive(obj)
+  if obj and obj.released then error(RELEASED, 0) end
+end
+
+local function newFakeImage(w, h)
+  local img = { w = w, h = h, released = false }
+  function img:setFilter() checkLive(self) end
+  function img:setWrap() checkLive(self) end
+  function img:release() self.released = true return true end
+  function img:type() return "Image" end
+  return img
+end
+
+local function newFakeMesh(format, rows)
+  local mesh = { released = false, verts = rows }
+  function mesh:setVertexMap() checkLive(self) end
+  function mesh:setVertices(v) checkLive(self) self.verts = v end
+  function mesh:setTexture(t) checkLive(self) checkLive(t) self.tex = t end
+  function mesh:release() self.released = true return true end
+  function mesh:type() return "Mesh" end
+  return mesh
+end
+
+love = {
+  filesystem = {
+    getInfo = function(rel)
+      -- the mod asks for "dramatic_shape/stadium/NNN.dsm" relative to the
+      -- save directory; the sweep serves that out of packDir
+      local name = rel:match("([^/]+)$")
+      local fp = io.open(packDir .. "/" .. name, "rb")
+      if not fp then return nil end
+      fp:close()
+      return { type = "file" }
+    end,
+    read = function(rel)
+      local name = rel:match("([^/]+)$")
+      return readFile(packDir .. "/" .. name)
+    end,
+  },
+  graphics = {
+    newMesh = function(format, rows, mode, usage) return newFakeMesh(format, rows) end,
+    newImage = function(data) return newFakeImage(data.w, data.h) end,
+  },
+  image = {
+    newImageData = function(w, h, fmt, bytes) return { w = w, h = h } end,
+  },
+}
+
+local V = {}
+local modules = {}
+V.mod = {
+  log = {
+    warn = function(_, fmt, ...) print("[warn] " .. fmt:format(...)) end,
+    info = function(_, fmt, ...) print("[info] " .. fmt:format(...)) end,
+  },
+  read = function(_, rel) return readFile(MOD .. "/" .. rel) end,
+}
+function V.require(name)
+  if modules[name] then return modules[name] end
+  local chunk = assert(loadfile(MOD .. "/lib/" .. name .. ".lua"))
+  modules[name] = chunk(V)
+  return modules[name]
+end
+
+-- Voxel3D, to the extent the rig touches it. `draw` mirrors the real one's
+-- first act -- binding the texture to the mesh -- because that is the line a
+-- released texture dies on (Voxel3D.draw), and the whole point of the stub
+-- is that it dies there here too.
+local drawn, skipped = 0, 0
+modules.Voxel3D = {
+  FORMAT = {},
+  seams = function() end,
+  glass = function() end,
+  blend = function() end,
+  draw = function(mesh, texture, model, pull, sunModel)
+    if not mesh then return end
+    if texture then mesh:setTexture(texture) end
+    drawn = drawn + 1
+  end,
+}
+-- the shadow pass, same shape
+local shadowMap = { draw = function(mesh, texture, model)
+  if texture then mesh:setTexture(texture) end
+end }
+
+local Pack = V.require("StadiumPack")
+local Rig = V.require("StadiumRig")
+local Mon = V.require("StadiumMon")
+TRAVEL = Mon.TRAVEL
+
+-- ------- findings
+
+local findings = {}      -- kind -> { {dex=, anim=, frame=, detail=} ... }
+local kinds = {}         -- kind order, first seen first
+
+local function report(kind, dex, anim, frame, detail)
+  if not findings[kind] then
+    findings[kind] = {}
+    kinds[#kinds + 1] = kind
+  end
+  local list = findings[kind]
+  list[#list + 1] = { dex = dex, anim = anim, frame = frame, detail = detail }
+end
+
+-- ------- one animation, frame by frame
+
+-- Where the BODY of a posed rig is: the bone origins averaged, weighted by
+-- how many vertices each bone moves.
+--
+-- The same QUANTITY StadiumRig.anchor corrects, written out a second time
+-- rather than called: a check that shared the code it is checking would agree
+-- with it by construction. It must be the same quantity, though -- an earlier
+-- version of this measured the MEDIAN instead, and reported 27,965 findings
+-- purely because it was asking a different question than the anchor answers.
+local function bodyCentreOf(rig)
+  local m = rig.model
+  local w, total = m.qaWeights, m.qaWeightTotal
+  if not w then
+    w, total = {}, 0
+    for b = 1, m.boneCount do w[b] = 0 end
+    for _, prim in ipairs(m.prims) do
+      for k = 1, prim.vertCount do
+        local b = prim.bone[k]
+        if w[b] then w[b] = w[b] + 1; total = total + 1 end
+      end
+    end
+    m.qaWeights, m.qaWeightTotal = w, total
+  end
+  if not (total > 0) then return 0, 0, 0 end
+  local x, y, z, d = 0, 0, 0, rig.drawM
+  for b = 1, m.boneCount do
+    local q = w[b]
+    if q > 0 then
+      local o = (b - 1) * 12
+      x = x + d[o + 4] * q
+      y = y + d[o + 8] * q
+      z = z + d[o + 12] * q
+    end
+  end
+  return x / total, y / total, z / total
+end
+
+local function bboxOf(rig)
+  local lo, hi = math.huge, -math.huge
+  local bad = false
+  for _, part in ipairs(rig.parts) do
+    local rows = part.rows
+    for k = 1, part.prim.vertCount do
+      local row = rows[k]
+      local x, y, z = row[1], row[2], row[3]
+      -- NaN is the only value not equal to itself; infinity survives that
+      -- test and has to be asked about separately
+      if x ~= x or y ~= y or z ~= z
+         or x == math.huge or x == -math.huge
+         or y == math.huge or y == -math.huge
+         or z == math.huge or z == -math.huge then
+        bad = true
+      else
+        if y < lo then lo = y end
+        if y > hi then hi = y end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  if lo > hi then return 0, bad end
+  return hi - lo, bad
+end
+
+-- A species' worth of work. Returns the number of frames stepped.
+local function sweepSpecies(dex)
+  local model = Pack.load(dex)
+  if not model then
+    -- say WHY, or a sweep that ran out of file handles reads as 108 broken
+    -- Pokemon
+    local _, err = io.open(("%s/%03d.dsm"):format(packDir, dex), "rb")
+    report("pack did not load", dex, nil, nil,
+           ("StadiumPack.load returned nil (io.open says: %s)")
+           :format(tostring(err)))
+    return 0
+  end
+
+  local rig = Rig.new(model)
+  if not rig then
+    report("rig would not build", dex, nil, nil,
+           ("%d prims, %d bones"):format(model.primCount, model.boneCount))
+    return 0
+  end
+
+  -- the bind pose, as the yardstick every posed frame is measured against
+  rig:measureBind()
+  rig:pose(nil, 0, false)
+  rig:skin(0)
+  local bind = bboxOf(rig)
+  if not (bind > 0) then bind = 1 end
+  -- and where the bind pose puts the BODY, for the travel check below. The
+  -- tracks are in raw units, before the model_root scale model.height is
+  -- measured after.
+  if model.anchorOk == false then unanchored[dex] = true end
+  local bcx, bcy, bcz = bodyCentreOf(rig)
+  local rawHeight = (model.height or 0)
+                    / ((model.rootScale or 0) > 0 and model.rootScale or 1)
+  if not (rawHeight > 0) then rawHeight = 1 end
+
+  local steps = 0
+  for index, anim in ipairs(model.anims) do
+    local name = anim.name or ("#" .. index)
+    local frames = anim.frames or 1
+    if frames < 1 then
+      report("animation has no frames", dex, name, nil,
+             ("frames=%d"):format(frames))
+    end
+    -- the loop start has to be inside the animation or the wrap arithmetic
+    -- lands outside the track arrays
+    local loop = anim.loopStart or 0
+    if loop < 0 or loop >= frames then
+      report("loopStart out of range", dex, name, nil,
+             ("loopStart=%d of %d frames"):format(loop, frames))
+    end
+    if anim.aux and not (model.auxAnims and model.auxAnims[anim.aux]) then
+      report("aux animation missing", dex, name, nil,
+             ("anim.aux=%s, %d aux animations")
+             :format(tostring(anim.aux), model.auxCount or 0))
+    end
+
+    -- Both ways round: a standby loop WRAPS at the far end and a faint HOLDS
+    -- on its last frame, and the two take different branches of the pose
+    -- walk. Sampled a little past the end on purpose -- that is where a
+    -- battle actually leaves them.
+    for _, wrap in ipairs({ true, false }) do
+      local f = 0
+      while f < frames + 2 do
+        local ok, err = pcall(function()
+          rig:pose(index, f, wrap)
+          rig:skin(0.5)
+          rig:textures(anim.aux)
+          rig:draw({ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 }, 0)
+        end)
+        steps = steps + 1
+        if not ok then
+          report("threw while playing", dex, name, f, tostring(err))
+          break
+        end
+        -- ------- does it stay on its tile?
+        --
+        -- Stadium's animations were authored for a camera that FOLLOWED the
+        -- Pokemon around a stage; this mode's camera is solved to hold two
+        -- fixed map cells and does not move. So an animation that walks the
+        -- body several of its own heights away does not look dramatic here,
+        -- it looks like the Pokemon is missing -- which is what sending out
+        -- a Farfetch'd did for three and a half seconds.
+        --
+        -- StadiumRig.anchor takes the excess back out, and this is the check
+        -- that it did: measured AFTER the anchor, the same way the mode
+        -- draws it, so what is reported is what a player would actually see.
+        rig:anchor(TRAVEL)
+        local cx, cy, cz = bodyCentreOf(rig)
+        local drift = (((cx - bcx) ^ 2 + (cy - bcy) ^ 2 + (cz - bcz) ^ 2) ^ 0.5)
+                      / rawHeight
+        -- a species the rig has judged unmeasurable is deliberately NOT
+        -- anchored (StadiumRig.measureBind), so of course it still travels --
+        -- reporting that would be reporting a decision as a defect
+        if model.anchorOk ~= false and drift > TRAVEL * 1.05 then
+          report("animation walks the Pokemon off its tile", dex, name, f,
+                 ("body centre %.1f body-heights from where it started")
+                 :format(drift))
+        end
+
+        local h, bad = bboxOf(rig)
+        if bad then
+          report("posed vertex is NaN or infinite", dex, name, f, "")
+        elseif h > bind * EXPLODE then
+          report("pose flies apart", dex, name, f,
+                 ("%.0f units tall against a %.0f-unit bind pose (%.1fx)")
+                 :format(h, bind, h / bind))
+        end
+        -- Every piece of the Pokemon has to have a texture to be drawn with,
+        -- and one that resolves to nothing is a limb that is simply not
+        -- there -- EXCEPT where the source says it has none.
+        --
+        -- StadiumPack stores the texture index one-based (`u16 + 1`), so the
+        -- packer's 0xFFFF "this primitive is untextured" sentinel arrives
+        -- here as 65536. That is 39 primitives across 37 species, 1.6% of the
+        -- set's vertices, and every one of them has all-zero UVs -- they are
+        -- flat-shaded geometry in the original, not a texture that went
+        -- missing. Reported as a finding they were 104,728 lines of noise
+        -- (one per prim per sampled frame) burying two real bugs.
+        --
+        -- Counted rather than dropped: "how much of this set is untextured"
+        -- is worth knowing, and a number that suddenly moves is worth seeing.
+        for i, part in ipairs(rig.parts) do
+          if not part.texture then
+            if part.prim.tex == UNTEXTURED then
+              untextured[dex] = true
+            else
+              report("part has no texture", dex, name, f,
+                     ("prim %d wants texture %s of %d")
+                     :format(i, tostring(part.prim.tex), model.texCount or 0))
+            end
+          end
+        end
+        f = f + STEP
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  -- ------- and the same species as a BATTLE drives it
+  --
+  -- The sweep above plays the animations; this plays the STATE MACHINE, which
+  -- is what a fight actually touches: the context slots behind idle, the
+  -- entrance, the two reactions and the collapse, and then all 165 move slots
+  -- -- because a move's animation is looked up by move id in a table the
+  -- species carries, and an index in that table that points nowhere is a
+  -- crash on the frame that move is used.
+  local mon = Mon.new("player")
+  mon.rig, mon.model, mon.species = rig, model, dex
+  mon.state, mon.anim, mon.time = nil, nil, 0
+
+  for _, state in ipairs({ "idle", "entrance", "attack", "faint" }) do
+    local ok, err = pcall(function()
+      mon:play(state)
+      -- a whole second of it at 60 Hz, which is what the fight does
+      for _ = 1, 60 do
+        mon:update(1 / 60)
+        mon:build()
+      end
+    end)
+    if not ok then
+      report("threw while playing", dex, state, nil, tostring(err))
+    end
+  end
+
+  for moveIndex = 1, Pack.N_MOVES do
+    local slot = model.moveAnim[moveIndex]
+    if slot and slot ~= Pack.NONE then
+      if not model.anims[slot + 1] then
+        report("move points at an animation that is not there", dex,
+               ("move %d"):format(moveIndex), nil,
+               ("anim index %d of %d"):format(slot + 1, model.animCount or 0))
+      else
+        local aux = model.moveAux[moveIndex]
+        if aux and aux >= 0 and not (model.auxAnims and model.auxAnims[aux + 1]) then
+          report("move points at an aux that is not there", dex,
+                 ("move %d"):format(moveIndex), nil,
+                 ("aux index %d of %d"):format(aux + 1, model.auxCount or 0))
+        end
+        local ok, err = pcall(function()
+          mon:attack(moveIndex)
+          for _ = 1, 30 do
+            mon:update(1 / 60)
+            mon:build()
+          end
+        end)
+        if not ok then
+          report("threw while playing", dex, ("move %d"):format(moveIndex),
+                 nil, tostring(err))
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  rig:release()
+  return steps
+end
+
+-- ------- the sweep
+
+local list = only
+if not list then
+  list = {}
+  for dex = 1, 151 do list[dex] = dex end
+end
+
+local started = os.clock()
+local steps = 0
+local staticPose = {}
+for _, dex in ipairs(list) do
+  local m = Pack.load(dex)
+  -- SKIPPED, not swept. The packer measures each species' standby loop
+  -- against its own bind pose and flags the ones whose animation data is
+  -- corrupt at source, and StadiumMon declines those outright -- they stand
+  -- as flat battle pics and no frame of them is ever posed in a game. Sweeping
+  -- them anyway produced 356 of the 362 "pose flies apart" findings, which is
+  -- a report that is mostly about Pokemon this mode does not draw.
+  if m and m.staticPose then
+    staticPose[#staticPose + 1] = dex
+  else
+    local ok, err = pcall(function() steps = steps + sweepSpecies(dex) end)
+    if not ok then
+      report("the sweep itself threw", dex, nil, nil, tostring(err))
+    end
+  end
+  if not args.quiet and dex % 10 == 0 then
+    io.write(("  ... %d/%d  %.0f MB\n")
+             :format(dex, #list, collectgarbage("count") / 1024))
+    io.flush()
+  end
+end
+
+-- ------- the LRU, which is the one failure a frame sweep cannot reach
+--
+-- A model is evicted by SPECIES COUNT, not by whether anything is still
+-- standing on it -- so a battle that has seen five species while two of them
+-- are on the field releases the textures of a Pokemon that is still being
+-- drawn. That is not something playing one species' animations can produce;
+-- it takes a sixth load. Reproduced here directly.
+local function sweepEviction()
+  local held = {}
+  -- two Pokemon out, as a battle has
+  for _, dex in ipairs({ 1, 4 }) do
+    local model = Pack.load(dex)
+    local rig = model and Rig.new(model)
+    if rig then held[#held + 1] = { dex = dex, model = model, rig = rig } end
+  end
+  if #held < 2 then return end
+  for _, h in ipairs(held) do
+    h.rig:pose(1, 0, true)
+    h.rig:skin(0)
+    h.rig:textures(nil)
+  end
+  -- and then the fight sees more species than the cache keeps
+  for _, dex in ipairs({ 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 25 }) do Pack.load(dex) end
+  for _, h in ipairs(held) do
+    local ok, err = pcall(function()
+      h.rig:textures(nil)
+      h.rig:draw({ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 }, 0)
+    end)
+    if not ok then
+      report("threw after the pack cache evicted a model still on the field",
+             h.dex, "idle", nil, tostring(err))
+    end
+  end
+  for _, h in ipairs(held) do h.rig:release() end
+end
+sweepEviction()
+
+local elapsed = os.clock() - started
+
+-- ------- what it found
+
+print("")
+print(("stadium animation QA: %d species, %d posed frames, %.1fs")
+      :format(#list, steps, elapsed))
+print(("packs: %s"):format(packDir))
+local nUntextured = 0
+for _ in pairs(untextured) do nUntextured = nUntextured + 1 end
+if nUntextured > 0 then
+  print(("species with flat-shaded (untextured) primitives: %d -- expected, "
+         .. "the source has no texture for those"):format(nUntextured))
+end
+local anchorList = {}
+for dex in pairs(unanchored) do anchorList[#anchorList + 1] = dex end
+table.sort(anchorList)
+if #anchorList > 0 then
+  print(("not anchored (standby loop too unsteady to measure, so they travel "
+         .. "as authored): %s"):format(table.concat(anchorList, " ")))
+end
+if #staticPose > 0 then
+  print(("staticPose (declined by the packer, never drawn, not swept): %s")
+        :format(table.concat(staticPose, " ")))
+end
+print("")
+
+local total = 0
+for _, kind in ipairs(kinds) do total = total + #findings[kind] end
+
+if total == 0 then
+  print("no findings")
+  os.exit(0)
+end
+
+for _, kind in ipairs(kinds) do
+  local list2 = findings[kind]
+  print(("---- %s (%d)"):format(kind, #list2))
+  -- one line per species per kind, with the first example and a count, so a
+  -- fault that spans every frame of an animation reads as one fault
+  local seen, order = {}, {}
+  for _, f in ipairs(list2) do
+    local key = ("%03d|%s"):format(f.dex or 0, tostring(f.anim))
+    if not seen[key] then
+      seen[key] = { n = 0, f = f }
+      order[#order + 1] = key
+    end
+    seen[key].n = seen[key].n + 1
+  end
+  for _, key in ipairs(order) do
+    local e = seen[key]
+    print(("  %03d %-14s %s%s%s")
+          :format(e.f.dex or 0, tostring(e.f.anim),
+                  e.f.frame and ("frame %.1f: "):format(e.f.frame) or "",
+                  e.detail or e.f.detail or "",
+                  e.n > 1 and (" (x%d)"):format(e.n) or ""))
+  end
+  print("")
+end
+
+print(("%d findings in %d kinds"):format(total, #kinds))
+os.exit(total > 0 and 1 or 0)

tests/stadium_budget_test.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+-- What the model build COSTS -- the numbers that decide whether it can run
+-- on a phone.
+--
+--   luajit mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/tests/stadium_budget_test.lua [--rom=PATH]
+--
+-- Run from the PROJECT ROOT.
+--
+-- ------- why this is a test and not a note
+--
+-- The extraction is pure Lua on purpose -- no FFI, no native helper, no
+-- second process -- specifically so it can run everywhere LOVE does, phones
+-- included. That claim is about MEMORY as much as about which functions
+-- exist: a desktop will not notice a transient peak that would have a mobile
+-- OS kill the process, and the peak is not visible by reading the code.
+--
+-- So this measures it, and fails if the two things that must stay bounded
+-- stop being bounded:
+--
+--   the WORKING SET must not grow with the number of species done, or the
+--   build gets heavier the longer it runs and dies somewhere in the 140s
+--
+--   the PEAK must stay under a budget a phone can be expected to have
+--   spare, on top of a game that is already running
+--
+-- The ROM itself is most of the floor and cannot be avoided -- the archive is
+-- addressed by absolute offset -- so it is reported separately from the
+-- per-species work built on top of it.
+
+local args = {}
+for _, a in ipairs({ ... }) do
+  local k, v = a:match("^%-%-([%w_]+)=(.*)$")
+  if k then args[k] = v end
+end
+
+local MOD = "mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod"
+local ROM = args.rom or (MOD .. "/model_extract/baseroms/us/baserom.z64")
+
+-- How much headroom the whole build may take on top of the ROM, in MB. Sized
+-- against the smallest thing this is expected to run on rather than against
+-- what is convenient: a mid-range phone from several years ago, with a game
+-- already resident.
+local PEAK_BUDGET_MB = 220
+
+-- How much the working set may drift between the first ten species and the
+-- last ten, in MB. Not zero -- species differ in size by a factor of ten, and
+-- the collector is not obliged to run on any particular schedule -- but a
+-- genuine leak shows up here as tens of megabytes.
+local DRIFT_BUDGET_MB = 24
+
+local loaded = {}
+local V = {}
+function V.require(name)
+  if loaded[name] == nil then
+    local chunk = assert(loadfile(MOD .. "/lib/" .. name .. ".lua"))
+    loaded[name] = chunk(V)
+  end
+  return loaded[name]
+end
+V.mod = { log = { warn = function() end, info = function() end } }
+
+local StadiumRom = V.require("StadiumRom")
+local StadiumBuild = V.require("StadiumBuild")
+
+local function mb()
+  return collectgarbage("count") / 1024
+end
+
+-- A single collectgarbage() is not guaranteed to finish a cycle, and a
+-- half-finished one reads tens of megabytes high -- which showed up here as
+-- "settled" figures BELOW the baseline they were measured against. Run it
+-- until the number stops moving.
+local function settle()
+  local last = mb()
+  for _ = 1, 8 do
+    collectgarbage("collect")
+    local now = mb()
+    if now >= last - 0.05 then return now end
+    last = now
+  end
+  return mb()
+end
+
+-- The baseline is taken BEFORE the ROM is read, or the file is already on the
+-- heap when it is measured and the ROM appears to cost nothing.
+local base = settle()
+
+local fp = io.open(ROM, "rb")
+if not fp then
+  io.stderr:write("no ROM at " .. ROM .. "\n")
+  os.exit(2)
+end
+local romBytes = fp:read("*a")
+fp:close()
+
+local rom = assert(StadiumRom.open(romBytes))
+local withRom = settle()
+
+local peak, settled = withRom, {}
+local bytes = 0
+local t0 = os.clock()
+
+for fileno = 0, StadiumRom.N_POKEMON - 1 do
+  local res = assert(StadiumBuild.species(rom, fileno))
+  bytes = bytes + #res.bytes
+  -- the live peak, before the collector has been asked for anything: this is
+  -- what the allocator actually had to find
+  local live = mb()
+  if live > peak then peak = live end
+  -- and the settled working set, which is what must not creep
+  settled[fileno + 1] = settle()
+end
+
+local dt = os.clock() - t0
+
+local function avg(from, to)
+  local sum = 0
+  for i = from, to do sum = sum + settled[i] end
+  return sum / (to - from + 1)
+end
+
+local first = avg(1, 10)
+local last = avg(#settled - 9, #settled)
+local drift = last - first
+
+io.write(("ROM               %6.1f MB   (the file, held for the whole build)\n")
+         :format(withRom - base))
+io.write(("peak working set  %6.1f MB   (over the ROM)\n"):format(peak - withRom))
+io.write(("settled, first 10 %6.1f MB\n"):format(first - withRom))
+io.write(("settled, last 10  %6.1f MB\n"):format(last - withRom))
+io.write(("drift             %+6.1f MB   (budget %.0f)\n")
+         :format(drift, DRIFT_BUDGET_MB))
+io.write(("total peak        %6.1f MB   (budget %.0f)\n")
+         :format(peak, PEAK_BUDGET_MB))
+io.write(("output            %6.1f MB in %.1fs (%.0f ms a species)\n")
+         :format(bytes / 1e6, dt, dt * 1000 / StadiumRom.N_POKEMON))
+
+local fail = false
+if peak > PEAK_BUDGET_MB then
+  io.write(("FAIL peak %.1f MB is over the %.0f MB budget\n")
+           :format(peak, PEAK_BUDGET_MB))
+  fail = true
+end
+if drift > DRIFT_BUDGET_MB then
+  io.write(("FAIL the working set grew %.1f MB across the run -- something is "
+            .. "being retained per species\n"):format(drift))
+  fail = true
+end
+if fail then os.exit(1) end
+io.write("PASS -- bounded working set, peak within budget\n")

tests/stadium_entrance_shots.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+-- Driver: the send-out ENTRANCE, frame by frame, for the two species the
+-- animation QA sweep flags as flying apart in that animation alone.
+return function(game)
+  local U = dofile("tests/drivers/util.lua")
+  local DIR = os.getenv("SHOT_DIR") or ".scratchpad"
+  local Pokemon = require("src.pokemon.Pokemon")
+  local BattleState = require("src.battle.BattleState")
+  local lib = game.mods.exports.DRAMATIC_SHAPE.lib
+  local Battles = lib.require("OverworldBattle")
+  local Stadium = lib.require("Stadium")
+  local Install = lib.require("StadiumInstall")
+
+  game.save.player.name = "RED"
+  U.teleport(game, "ROUTE_1", 5, 8, "down")
+  local waited = 0
+  while (Install.pending() or Install.status.state == "building")
+        and waited < 5400 do U.wait(10); waited = waited + 10 end
+  while game.stack:top() and game.stack:top() ~= game.overworld do U.wait(10) end
+
+  Battles.setting:setValue(os.getenv("DS_RUNG") or "stadiumB", game)
+  Battles.backSetting:setValue(false, game)
+  lib.require("DayNight").setting:setValue("day", game)
+  U.wait(60)
+
+  for _, name in ipairs({ "FARFETCHD", "DEWGONG" }) do
+    game.save.party = { Pokemon.new(game.data, name, 40) }
+    local battle = BattleState.newWild(game, "PIKACHU", 20)
+    battle.onFinish = function() end
+    game.overworld:pushBattle(battle)
+    -- ONE loop from the first frame: the send-out needs taps to get past
+    -- the intro text, and the entrance starts the instant it happens -- so
+    -- watching and tapping have to be the same loop or the animation is over
+    -- before the watching begins (which is exactly what a split loop did).
+    local shot, sawEntrance = 0, false
+    for f = 1, 900 do
+      U.wait(1)
+      local anim = Stadium.animOf("player")
+      if anim == "entrance" then
+        sawEntrance = true
+        if f % 14 == 0 and shot < 8 then
+          shot = shot + 1
+          U.shot(game, ("%s/%s_entrance_%d.png"):format(DIR, name:lower(), shot))
+        end
+      elseif sawEntrance then
+        break
+      end
+      if not sawEntrance and f % 12 == 0 then U.tap(game, "a") end
+    end
+    U.log(("%s: took %d entrance stills, anim now %s")
+          :format(name, shot, tostring(Stadium.animOf("player"))))
+    while game.stack:top() and game.stack:top() ~= game.overworld do
+      game.stack:pop()
+    end
+    U.wait(10)
+  end
+  U.log("done -- " .. DIR)
+end

tests/stadium_entry_probe.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+return function(game)
+  local U = dofile("tests/drivers/util.lua")
+  local Pokemon = require("src.pokemon.Pokemon")
+  local BattleState = require("src.battle.BattleState")
+  local lib = game.mods.exports.DRAMATIC_SHAPE.lib
+  local Battles = lib.require("OverworldBattle")
+  local Stadium = lib.require("Stadium")
+  local Install = lib.require("StadiumInstall")
+
+  U.teleport(game, "ROUTE_1", 5, 8, "down")
+  local w = 0
+  while (Install.pending() or Install.status.state == "building") and w < 5400 do
+    U.wait(10); w = w + 10
+  end
+  while game.stack:top() and game.stack:top() ~= game.overworld do U.wait(10) end
+  Battles.setting:setValue("stadium", game)
+  Battles.backSetting:setValue(false, game)
+  U.wait(60)
+
+  local marks = {}
+  local inner = BattleState.startGrowIn
+  BattleState.startGrowIn = function(self, b)
+    marks[#marks + 1] = { side = (b == self.player) and "player" or "enemy" }
+    return inner(self, b)
+  end
+
+  game.save.party = { Pokemon.new(game.data, "PIDGEY", 30) }
+  local battle = BattleState.newWild(game, "PIKACHU", 5)
+  battle.onFinish = function() end
+  game.overworld:pushBattle(battle)
+
+  local seen, lastState, lastGrow, nMark = {}, "?", false, 0
+  local shotAt = {}
+  for f = 1, 500 do
+    U.wait(1)
+    if f % 10 == 0 and battle.phase ~= "menu" then U.tap(game, "a") end
+    local st = Stadium.animOf("player") or "-"
+    local grow = battle.growIn ~= nil
+    if #marks > nMark then
+      nMark = #marks
+      U.log(("f=%3d  >> startGrowIn(%s)   player model present: %s, state %s")
+            :format(f, marks[nMark].side, tostring(Stadium.showing("player")),
+                    st))
+    end
+    local poof = (battle.animPlaying and battle.animName == "POOF_ANIM")
+                 and true or false
+    local key = ("%s|%s|%s|%s|%s|%s|%s|%s|%s"):format(st,
+      tostring(math.floor((Stadium.scaleOf("player") or 1) * 20)),
+      tostring(poof), tostring(battle.sendingOut),
+      tostring(battle.phase), tostring(Stadium.showing("player")),
+      tostring(battle.showPlayerBack), tostring(battle.playerBackPic ~= nil),
+      tostring((battle.introSlide or 0) > 0))
+    if key ~= lastState then
+      U.log(("f=%3d state=%-9s sendingOut=%-5s poof=%-5s growIn=%-5s "
+             .. "growScale=%-6s model=%s")
+            :format(f, st, tostring(battle.sendingOut), tostring(poof),
+                    tostring(grow), tostring(Stadium.scaleOf("player")),
+                    tostring(Stadium.showing("player"))))
+      lastState = key
+    end
+    -- stills across the grow, so the ramp can be looked at and not just read
+    local sc = Stadium.scaleOf("player")
+    if Stadium.showing("player") and sc then
+      for _, want in ipairs({ 0.15, 0.45, 0.75, 1.0 }) do
+        if not shotAt[want] and sc >= want then
+          shotAt[want] = true
+          U.shot(game, ("%s/grow_%02d.png")
+                 :format(os.getenv("SHOT_DIR") or ".", want * 100))
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    seen[st] = true
+  end
+  for i = 1, 4 do
+    U.shot(game, (os.getenv("SHOT_DIR") or ".") .. ("/pidgey_%d.png"):format(i))
+    U.wait(2)
+  end
+  local list = {}
+  for k in pairs(seen) do list[#list + 1] = k end
+  table.sort(list)
+  U.log("states the player's side passed through: " .. table.concat(list, ", "))
+  U.log("startGrowIn calls: " .. #marks)
+  U.log("done")
+end

tests/stadium_extract_test.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+-- The Lua ROM extractor, against the Python packer that is its oracle.
+--
+--   luajit mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/tests/stadium_extract_test.lua \
+--          [--rom=PATH] [--oracle=DIR] [--only=25,6] [--out=DIR]
+--
+-- Run from the PROJECT ROOT. Defaults: the ROM under
+-- model_extract/baseroms/, the oracle in assets/stadium (whatever
+-- tools/stadium_pack.py last wrote there).
+--
+-- ------- what this is for
+--
+-- lib/StadiumRom, StadiumFragment, StadiumFx and StadiumBuild are a port of
+-- roughly fifteen hundred lines of dense numeric Python -- an F3DEX2
+-- interpreter, six texture codecs, a bit-packed animation sampler, a noise
+-- generator and a binary writer. Reading a port of that twice does not
+-- establish that it is right. Producing the same thirty-four megabytes,
+-- byte for byte, does.
+--
+-- It is also the guard on the two of them DRIFTING. The packer and the
+-- extractor have to keep agreeing about the format forever, and a change to
+-- one that is not made to the other shows up here as a differing offset
+-- rather than as a Pokemon that renders as noise three months later.
+--
+-- Headless: no LOVE, no graphics. Everything these four modules do is
+-- arithmetic on strings.
+
+local args = {}
+for _, a in ipairs({ ... }) do
+  local k, v = a:match("^%-%-([%w_]+)=(.*)$")
+  if k then args[k] = v else args[a:gsub("^%-%-", "")] = true end
+end
+
+local MOD = "mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod"
+local ROM = args.rom or (MOD .. "/model_extract/baseroms/us/baserom.z64")
+local ORACLE = args.oracle or (MOD .. "/assets/stadium")
+
+-- ------- the mod namespace, enough of it to load four modules
+
+local loaded = {}
+local V = {}
+function V.require(name)
+  if loaded[name] == nil then
+    local chunk = assert(loadfile(MOD .. "/lib/" .. name .. ".lua"))
+    loaded[name] = chunk(V)
+  end
+  return loaded[name]
+end
+V.mod = { log = { warn = function() end, info = function() end } }
+
+local StadiumRom = V.require("StadiumRom")
+local StadiumBuild = V.require("StadiumBuild")
+
+-- ------- run
+
+local function readFile(path)
+  local fp = io.open(path, "rb")
+  if not fp then return nil end
+  local data = fp:read("*a")
+  fp:close()
+  return data
+end
+
+local romBytes = readFile(ROM)
+if not romBytes then
+  io.stderr:write("no ROM at " .. ROM .. "\n")
+  os.exit(2)
+end
+
+local rom, err = StadiumRom.open(romBytes)
+if not rom then
+  io.stderr:write("could not open ROM: " .. tostring(err) .. "\n")
+  os.exit(2)
+end
+
+local only = nil
+if args.only then
+  only = {}
+  for n in args.only:gmatch("%d+") do only[tonumber(n)] = true end
+end
+
+local checked, matched, missing, failed = 0, 0, 0, 0
+local firstBad = nil
+local t0 = os.clock()
+
+for fileno = 0, StadiumRom.N_POKEMON - 1 do
+  local ok, res = pcall(StadiumBuild.species, rom, fileno)
+  if not ok or not res then
+    -- res carries the message on the error path
+    io.write(("file %d: EXTRACT FAILED: %s\n"):format(fileno, tostring(res)))
+    failed = failed + 1
+  elseif not only or only[res.species] then
+    checked = checked + 1
+    if args.out then
+      local fp = io.open(("%s/%03d.dsm"):format(args.out, res.species), "wb")
+      if fp then fp:write(res.bytes) fp:close() end
+    end
+    local want = readFile(("%s/%03d.dsm"):format(ORACLE, res.species))
+    if not want then
+      missing = missing + 1
+    elseif want == res.bytes then
+      matched = matched + 1
+    else
+      -- where, exactly: the first differing byte localises a format mistake
+      -- far faster than "the file is wrong" does
+      local at = nil
+      local n = math.min(#want, #res.bytes)
+      for i = 1, n do
+        if want:sub(i, i) ~= res.bytes:sub(i, i) then at = i break end
+      end
+      io.write(("%03d.dsm DIFFERS: %d bytes vs %d, first at %s\n")
+               :format(res.species, #res.bytes, #want,
+                       at and ("offset " .. at) or "(one is a prefix)"))
+      if not firstBad then firstBad = res.species end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+io.write(("\n%d checked, %d identical, %d differ, %d oracle files missing, "
+          .. "%d extractions failed  (%.1fs)\n")
+         :format(checked, matched, checked - matched - missing, missing,
+                 failed, os.clock() - t0))
+
+if matched == checked and failed == 0 and missing == 0 then
+  io.write("PASS -- the Lua extractor reproduces the packer exactly\n")
+  os.exit(0)
+end
+io.write("FAIL\n")
+os.exit(1)

tests/stadium_import.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+-- Driver: import a Stadium ROM through the OPTIONS row, with the modal file
+-- dialog stubbed out.
+--
+-- Everything except the dialog itself is the real path: the row is built the
+-- way the OPTIONS menu builds it, its step() is pressed, StadiumRomPick reads
+-- the file with io.open (love.filesystem cannot see an absolute path),
+-- StadiumInstall builds from those bytes, and the loading screen goes up over
+-- whatever asked. A modal dialog cannot be driven, so choose() is replaced
+-- with the answer a player would have given it.
+return function(game)
+  local U = dofile("tests/drivers/util.lua")
+  local DIR = os.getenv("SHOT_DIR") or ".scratchpad"
+  local lib = game.mods.exports.DRAMATIC_SHAPE.lib
+  local Pick = lib.require("StadiumRomPick")
+  local Install = lib.require("StadiumInstall")
+  local Pack = lib.require("StadiumPack")
+  local Battles = lib.require("OverworldBattle")
+
+  U.teleport(game, "ROUTE_1", 5, 8, "down")
+  U.wait(30)
+
+  -- FIRST let the automatic first-run build finish. A ROM is sitting in
+  -- baseroms/ in this checkout, so StadiumScreen.maybePush has already pushed
+  -- a loading screen and started one -- and import() refuses to start a
+  -- second while that runs, so every step below would silently no-op against
+  -- it. maybePush asks ONCE per boot, so once this is drained it stays
+  -- drained and the purge below cannot be undone behind our backs.
+  local drain = 0
+  while (Install.pending() or Install.status.state == "building")
+        and drain < 5400 do
+    U.wait(10); drain = drain + 10
+  end
+  while game.stack:top() and game.stack:top() ~= game.overworld do
+    U.wait(10)
+  end
+  U.log(("drained the automatic first-run build in %d frames"):format(drain))
+
+  -- back to a machine that has never built them, whatever earlier runs left
+  for _, name in ipairs(love.filesystem.getDirectoryItems(Pack.CACHE_DIR)) do
+    love.filesystem.remove(Pack.CACHE_DIR .. "/" .. name)
+  end
+  Install.forget()
+  Pack.forget()
+
+  local function settle(what)
+    local waited = 0
+    while Install.status.state == "building" and waited < 5400 do
+      U.wait(10)
+      waited = waited + 10
+    end
+    U.log(("%s: %d frames (%.1fs) -- state=%s error=%s")
+          :format(what, waited, waited / 60, tostring(Install.status.state),
+                  tostring(Install.status.error)))
+    return waited
+  end
+
+  U.log(("picker available on this platform: %s"):format(
+        tostring(Pick.available())))
+  U.log(("BEFORE: models available = %s, 3D-BTL offers %d rungs")
+        :format(tostring(Install.available()), Battles.setting:rungs()))
+
+  local row = Pick.row()
+  if not row then U.log("no import row on this platform") return end
+  U.log(("row reads: %s = %s"):format(row.label, row.value()))
+
+  -- ------- the wrong file first, because a refusal must not leave a mess
+  U.log("-- picking a file that is not a Stadium ROM --")
+  Pick.choose = function() return "/not/a/real/path.z64" end
+  local realRead = Pick.read
+  Pick.read = function() return ("\x80\x37\x12\x40"):rep(4096) end
+  row.step(game)
+  settle("wrong file")
+  U.shot(game, ("%s/import_1_refused.png"):format(DIR))
+  U.log(("  still not installed: %s, row still reads %s")
+        :format(tostring(not Install.available()), row.value()))
+  U.wait(300)   -- let the failure notice time out and pop itself
+
+  -- ------- and now the real one
+  U.log("-- picking the real ROM --")
+  Pick.read = realRead
+  local abs = love.filesystem.getWorkingDirectory() .. "/baseroms/baserom.z64"
+  local picked = false
+  Pick.choose = function() picked = true return abs end
+  Install.status.state = "idle"
+  row.step(game)
+  U.log(("  choose() called: %s, state = %s, loading screen on top: %s")
+        :format(tostring(picked), tostring(Install.status.state),
+                tostring(game.stack:top() ~= game.overworld)))
+  U.wait(30)
+  U.shot(game, ("%s/import_2_building.png"):format(DIR))
+  settle("real ROM")
+  U.wait(120)
+
+  U.log(("AFTER: models available = %s, 3D-BTL offers %d rungs, row reads %s")
+        :format(tostring(Install.available()), Battles.setting:rungs(),
+                row.value()))
+  Battles.setting:setValue("stadium", game)
+  U.log(("  and 3D-BTL can now be set to STADIUM A: %s")
+        :format(tostring(Battles.setting:get() == "stadium")))
+  -- and the ROM was NOT copied anywhere: the only baserom physfs can see is
+  -- the one in the game folder this checkout already had, never a copy in
+  -- the save directory (which is where a mod's writes land)
+  local where = love.filesystem.getRealDirectory("baseroms/baserom.z64")
+  U.log(("  the only ROM on the read path is the game folder's own: %s (%s)")
+        :format(tostring(where == love.filesystem.getWorkingDirectory()),
+                tostring(where)))
+  U.log(("  the save directory has no baseroms folder: %s")
+        :format(tostring(love.filesystem.getInfo(
+                  love.filesystem.getSaveDirectory() .. "/baseroms") == nil)))
+
+  -- ------- and the wrong file, now that a GOOD set is installed
+  --
+  -- The serious case. The marker is the only thing that makes 151 files on
+  -- disk count as installed, so a refusal that writes one anyway would
+  -- UNINSTALL a working set -- and the player would have pressed a row called
+  -- STADIUM ROM, picked the wrong file, and lost the models they already had.
+  U.log("-- picking the wrong file again, with models already installed --")
+  Pick.read = function() return ("€7@"):rep(4096) end
+  Install.status.state = "idle"
+  row.step(game)
+  settle("wrong file over a good install")
+  U.wait(300)
+  Install.forget()
+  Pack.forget()
+  U.log(("  the good install SURVIVED: %s, row reads %s, 3D-BTL offers %d rungs")
+        :format(tostring(Install.available()), row.value(),
+                Battles.setting:rungs()))
+  U.log(("  and a real model still loads: %s")
+        :format(tostring(Pack.load(25) ~= nil)))
+  U.log("done -- " .. DIR)
+end

tests/stadium_pack_probe.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+-- Probe: read the .dsm packs back with the mod's OWN reader and print what
+-- it made of them, so the Lua side can be diffed against the packer's
+-- --report output. Headless -- no love.graphics, no meshes.
+--
+--   luajit mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/tests/stadium_pack_probe.lua [dex ...]
+--
+-- Run from the repository root.
+
+package.path = "./?.lua;./?/init.lua;" .. package.path
+
+local ROOT = "mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod"
+
+-- the mod namespace lib/ modules expect (see main.lua), with just enough of
+-- it for the two files under test
+local V = {}
+local modules = {}
+V.mod = {
+  log = {
+    warn = function(_, fmt, ...) print("[warn] " .. fmt:format(...)) end,
+    info = function(_, fmt, ...) print("[info] " .. fmt:format(...)) end,
+  },
+  read = function(_, rel)
+    local fp = io.open(ROOT .. "/" .. rel, "rb")
+    if not fp then return nil end
+    local bytes = fp:read("*a")
+    fp:close()
+    return bytes
+  end,
+}
+function V.require(name)
+  if modules[name] then return modules[name] end
+  local chunk = assert(loadfile(ROOT .. "/lib/" .. name .. ".lua"))
+  modules[name] = chunk(V)
+  return modules[name]
+end
+
+-- StadiumRig pulls in Voxel3D, which needs love; the pose walk itself does
+-- not, so the require is stubbed out to the one field it reads.
+modules.Voxel3D = { FORMAT = {} }
+
+local Pack = V.require("StadiumPack")
+local Rig = V.require("StadiumRig")
+
+local want = {}
+for i = 1, #arg do want[#want + 1] = tonumber(arg[i]) end
+if #want == 0 then want = { 25, 6, 130, 95, 50, 10, 143, 92, 41, 73 } end
+
+print(("%-4s %-6s %6s %6s %6s %8s %8s %8s %8s")
+      :format("dex", "bones", "prims", "anims", "tex", "root", "height",
+              "floor", "radius"))
+for _, dex in ipairs(want) do
+  local m = Pack.load(dex)
+  if not m then
+    print(("%-4d  -- did not load"):format(dex))
+  else
+    print(("%-4d %-6d %6d %6d %6d %8.4f %8.2f %8.2f %8.2f")
+          :format(dex, m.boneCount, m.primCount, m.animCount, m.texCount,
+                  m.rootScale, m.height, m.floor, m.radius))
+
+    -- the bind pose, walked by the REAL rig code on a bare instance (no
+    -- meshes, so no graphics context needed), measured the same way
+    -- tools/stadium_pack.py measures it. Agreement here means the byte
+    -- format, the bone tree, the rotation basis and the two-chain scale
+    -- split all survived the trip into Lua.
+    local rig = setmetatable({
+      model = m, pivotM = {}, drawM = {}, accX = {}, accY = {}, accZ = {},
+      parts = {},
+    }, Rig)
+    local function boxAt(anim, frame, wrap)
+      rig:pose(anim, frame, wrap)
+      local drw = rig.drawM
+      local lo, hi = math.huge, -math.huge
+      for _, prim in ipairs(m.prims) do
+        for k = 1, prim.vertCount do
+          local o = (prim.bone[k] - 1) * 12
+          local x, y, z = prim.px[k], prim.py[k], prim.pz[k]
+          local wy = drw[o + 5] * x + drw[o + 6] * y + drw[o + 7] * z
+                     + drw[o + 8]
+          wy = wy * m.rootScale
+          if wy < lo then lo = wy end
+          if wy > hi then hi = wy end
+        end
+      end
+      return hi - lo, lo
+    end
+
+    local h, f = boxAt(nil, 0, false)
+    print(("     bind pose walked in Lua: height %8.2f floor %8.2f  "
+           .. "(header says %8.2f / %8.2f)%s")
+          :format(h, f, m.height, m.floor,
+                  (math.abs(h - m.height) < 0.5
+                   and math.abs(f - m.floor) < 0.5) and "  OK" or "  MISMATCH"))
+
+    -- the animation tables, decoded lazily like the game does it
+    local idle = m.ctx[Pack.SLOT.idle]
+    local names = {}
+    for i, a in ipairs(m.anims) do names[i] = a.name end
+    print(("     anims: %s"):format(table.concat(names, " ")))
+    print(("     idle slot -> %s, entrance -> %s, faint -> %s")
+          :format(tostring(idle), tostring(m.ctx[Pack.SLOT.entrance]),
+                  tostring(m.ctx[Pack.SLOT.faint])))
+    local tracks = Pack.tracks(m, (idle or 0) + 1)
+    local animated = 0
+    for b = 1, m.boneCount do if tracks and tracks[b] then animated = animated + 1 end end
+    print(("     idle: %d frames, %d/%d bones animated")
+          :format(m.anims[(idle or 0) + 1].frames, animated, m.boneCount))
+    -- the POSED extent, which is what actually gets drawn. Compare against
+    -- tools/stadium_pack.py's anim_sample, which was checked frame for
+    -- frame against the reference glTF export.
+    for _, fr in ipairs({ 0, 1, 5 }) do
+      local ah, af = boxAt((idle or 0) + 1, fr, true)
+      print(("     idle frame %d: y %8.2f .. %8.2f"):format(fr, af, af + ah))
+    end
+  end
+end

tests/stadium_shots.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+-- Driver: screenshot a STADIUM battle -- the 3D-BTL row's third rung, where
+-- the two Pokemon are the Pokemon Stadium battle models rather than the
+-- game's own pics stood up on their tiles.
+--
+-- What has to be looked at is a SPREAD OF SPECIES, because almost everything
+-- that can go wrong here is per-model: how big it comes out (the size ladder
+-- compresses a sixteenfold spread of authored heights -- see StadiumMon),
+-- whether its feet are on the ground (the floor rule has to tell a hovering
+-- Zubat from a Tentacruel centred on its own origin), whether the eyes
+-- animate, and whether the species carries generated flame prims. So the
+-- list below is deliberately awkward: the smallest and the largest in the
+-- set, a hoverer, a floater, and the two species whose idle animation is
+-- known to be wrong in the source data.
+--
+--   SHOT_DIR=.scratchpad DS_STADIUM_DEBUG=1 \
+--     POKEPORT_DRIVER=mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/tests/stadium_shots.lua love .
+--
+-- SHOT_DIR must already exist: the capture writes with io.open, which does
+-- not create directories.
+return function(game)
+  local U = dofile("tests/drivers/util.lua")
+  local DIR = os.getenv("SHOT_DIR") or ".scratchpad"
+  local Pokemon = require("src.pokemon.Pokemon")
+  local BattleState = require("src.battle.BattleState")
+
+  local exports = game.mods and game.mods.exports
+  local lib = exports and exports.DRAMATIC_SHAPE and exports.DRAMATIC_SHAPE.lib
+  if not lib then
+    U.log("DRAMATIC_SHAPE is not loaded -- enable it and run again")
+    return
+  end
+  local Battles = lib.require("OverworldBattle")
+  local Stadium = lib.require("Stadium")
+  local Pack = lib.require("StadiumPack")
+
+  local Install = lib.require("StadiumInstall")
+
+  game.save.player.name = "RED"
+
+  -- foe, and the player's own, chosen to put two different problems in one
+  -- frame wherever possible
+  local CASES = {
+    { "PIKACHU", "CHARIZARD" },   -- the reference pair; Charizard has flame
+    { "ONIX", "DIGLETT" },        -- the tallest against nearly the shortest
+    { "ZUBAT", "TENTACRUEL" },    -- hovers above its origin / hangs below it
+    { "GASTLY", "CATERPIE" },     -- a floater and the smallest in the set
+    -- the five hermite-keyframe species (flags & 8), which the extractor
+    -- used to misread as packed streams: Exeggutor, Tangela and Magmar came
+    -- out so garbled the packer declined them to flat pics, and Pidgeot and
+    -- Dodrio animated garbled. All five must now stand as MODELS in a sane
+    -- standby loop (see StadiumFragment's animation notes).
+    { "EXEGGUTOR", "MAGMAR" },
+    { "PIDGEOT", "TANGELA" },
+    { "DODRIO", "PIDGEOTTO" },    -- with its packed-stream evolution as control
+    { "GYARADOS", "SNORLAX" },    -- the two biggest bodies in the set
+  }
+
+  -- ONTO THE MAP FIRST, before anything below waits on anything.
+  --
+  -- The models are built out of the player's own ROM on first run, on a
+  -- loading screen, and that screen is pushed from the mod's update hook on
+  -- the first frame THE OVERWORLD IS THE TOP STATE (StadiumScreen.maybePush).
+  -- A driver that waits for the build before it has got the player onto a map
+  -- waits forever: the condition that starts the build is the very thing the
+  -- waiting is postponing.
+  -- DS_MAP puts the fight somewhere else. It exists for STADIUM B, whose
+  -- whole claim is that it carries its stage: the shot has to be checked in a
+  -- CAVE and in a SHOP as well as on a route, both because those are the
+  -- places the map-staged rungs decline, and because the rung is supposed to
+  -- take that place's own sky and light with it.
+  local MAP = os.getenv("DS_MAP") or "ROUTE_1"
+  local MX = tonumber(os.getenv("DS_X") or "") or 5
+  local MY = tonumber(os.getenv("DS_Y") or "") or 8
+  U.teleport(game, MAP, MX, MY, "down")
+
+  -- Now wait it out, and say how long it took -- that number is what decides
+  -- whether the loading screen is acceptable rather than merely correct.
+  local waited, shotLoad = 0, false
+  while (Install.pending() or Install.status.state == "building")
+        and waited < 5400 do
+    if not shotLoad and Install.status.state == "building"
+        and (Install.status.done or 0) > 20 then
+      U.shot(game, ("%s/00_loading.png"):format(DIR))
+      shotLoad = true
+    end
+    U.wait(10)
+    waited = waited + 10
+  end
+  if waited > 0 then
+    U.log(("waited %d frames (%.1fs) for the model build -- %s")
+          :format(waited, waited / 60, tostring(Install.status.state)))
+    if Install.status.error then
+      U.log("build error: " .. tostring(Install.status.error))
+    end
+  end
+  U.log(("rom present: %s, packs ready: %s, stadium available: %s")
+        :format(tostring(Install.romPresent()), tostring(Install.ready()),
+                tostring(Install.available())))
+
+  -- the rung under test, and the back pic OFF: BACK SPRITES would keep the
+  -- player's own side on the menu, which is exactly the half of the shot
+  -- this driver exists to look at
+  local RUNGS = { cards = true, cardsb = "flatB", a = "stadium",
+                  b = "stadiumB" }
+  local rung = RUNGS[os.getenv("DS_RUNG") or "a"] or "stadium"
+  Battles.setting:setValue(rung, game)
+  Battles.backSetting:setValue(false, game)
+  -- and PIN THE CLOCK. The hour multiplies everything in the shot -- the sky,
+  -- the tint, the weight of the shadows -- so a driver left on CYCLE
+  -- photographs a different scene every run, and two runs of it cannot be
+  -- compared. DS_TOD overrides for a deliberate look at dusk or night.
+  lib.require("DayNight").setting:setValue(os.getenv("DS_TOD") or "day", game)
+  U.log(("3D-BTL = %s, stadium enabled = %s, discs = %s")
+        :format(tostring(Battles.setting:get()), tostring(Stadium.enabled()),
+                tostring(Stadium.discs())))
+
+  -- did the models actually get built? one line rather than 151 silent
+  -- declines
+  local have, missing = 0, {}
+  for dex = 1, 151 do
+    if Pack.available(dex) then have = have + 1
+    elseif #missing < 6 then missing[#missing + 1] = dex end
+  end
+  U.log(("stadium packs present: %d/151%s"):format(
+        have, #missing > 0 and (" (missing " .. table.concat(missing, ",")
+                                .. "...)") or ""))
+
+  -- let the neighbourhood's meshes land before the first fight, so the
+  -- opening frame is not the flat fallback
+  U.wait(90)
+
+  -- ------- DS_BLINK: how often does the eye actually change?
+  --
+  -- The texture animation rides the SKELETAL animation's frame and clamps
+  -- past the end of its own stream (StadiumRig.textures). Get either wrong
+  -- and a blink becomes a twitch: Rattata's standby loop is forty frames and
+  -- its blink is five, so wrapping on the blink's own length plays it six
+  -- times a second.
+  --
+  -- Counted rather than looked at, because "too fast" is a RATE and a
+  -- screenshot has no rate in it. This walks the idle loop frame by frame and
+  -- reports how many times the eye texture changes per second.
+  if os.getenv("DS_BLINK") then
+    local Pack = lib.require("StadiumPack")
+    local Rig = lib.require("StadiumRig")
+    for _, dex in ipairs({ 19, 4, 1, 25 }) do
+      local model = Pack.load(dex)
+      local rig = model and Rig.new(model)
+      if rig then
+        local idle = model.ctx[Pack.SLOT.idle]
+        local anim = (idle ~= Pack.NONE) and (idle + 1) or nil
+        local rec = anim and model.anims[anim]
+        -- which prim carries the eye, and what it shows each frame
+        local seen, changes, last = {}, 0, nil
+        local SECONDS = 4
+        for f = 0, SECONDS * Pack.FPS - 1 do
+          rig:pose(anim, f, true)
+          rig:textures(rec and rec.aux or nil)
+          local key = {}
+          for i, part in ipairs(rig.parts) do
+            if part.prim.texAnim and part.prim.texAnim >= 0 then
+              key[#key + 1] = i .. ":" .. tostring(part.texture)
+            end
+          end
+          key = table.concat(key, ",")
+          if last and key ~= last then changes = changes + 1 end
+          last = key
+          seen[key] = true
+        end
+        local looks = 0
+        for _ in pairs(seen) do looks = looks + 1 end
+        local period = rec and (rec.frames / Pack.FPS) or 0
+        U.log(("BLINK dex %3d: idle %s frames (%.2fs), aux %s frames -- "
+               .. "%d texture changes in %ds, %d distinct looks; the idle "
+               .. "loop comes round every %.2fs, so that is %.1f changes a "
+               .. "cycle")
+              :format(dex, tostring(rec and rec.frames), period,
+                      tostring(rec and rec.aux
+                               and model.auxAnims[rec.aux].frames),
+                      changes, SECONDS, looks, period,
+                      period > 0 and changes / (SECONDS / period) or 0))
+        rig:release()
+      end
+    end
+    U.log("done -- " .. DIR)
+    return
+  end
+
+  -- ------- DS_FLY: does the Pokemon actually leave?
+  --
+  -- FLY and DIG take the user off the field for a turn, and the engine says
+  -- so through `picFx[battler].hidden` rather than through fxHidden (which is
+  -- the damage blink alone). A model that ignores that stands on its tile
+  -- while every attack aimed at it misses into empty air.
+  --
+  -- A TIMELINE again, not a still: what is being checked is that the model
+  -- goes when the pic goes and comes back when it comes back, which is three
+  -- moments and a screenshot has one.
+  if os.getenv("DS_FLY") then
+    local Stadium2 = lib.require("Stadium")
+    local move = os.getenv("DS_MOVE") or "FLY"
+    local mine = Pokemon.new(game.data, "CHARIZARD", 60)
+    -- give it the move outright: what is under test is the vanish, not
+    -- whether this species learns it by level 60
+    mine.moves = { { id = move, pp = 15 } }
+    game.save.party = { mine }
+    local battle = BattleState.newWild(game, "PIKACHU", 5)
+    battle.onFinish = function() end
+    game.overworld:pushBattle(battle)
+    U.wait(70)
+    for _ = 1, 40 do
+      if battle.phase == "menu" then break end
+      U.tap(game, "a")
+      U.wait(10)
+    end
+    U.tap(game, "a")      -- FIGHT
+    U.wait(12)
+    U.tap(game, "a")      -- the first (only) move
+
+    local goneAt, backAt, wasGone = nil, nil, false
+    for f = 1, 400 do
+      if f % 20 == 0 then U.tap(game, "a") end
+      U.wait(1)
+      local me = battle.player
+      local pf = battle.picFx and battle.picFx[me]
+      local picHidden = (pf and pf.hidden) and true or false
+      local showing = Stadium2.showing("player")
+      if f % 25 == 0 or (picHidden ~= wasGone) then
+        U.log(("  f=%3d picHidden=%-5s model=%-5s anim=%s")
+              :format(f, tostring(picHidden), tostring(showing),
+                      tostring(Stadium2.animOf("player"))))
+      end
+      if picHidden and not goneAt then goneAt = f end
+      if picHidden and not showing and not wasGone then
+        wasGone = true
+        U.shot(game, ("%s/fly_1_gone.png"):format(DIR))
+      end
+      if wasGone and not picHidden and not backAt then
+        backAt = f
+        U.shot(game, ("%s/fly_2_back.png"):format(DIR))
+        break
+      end
+    end
+    U.log(("%s: the pic hid at frame %s, the model was gone with it (%s), "
+           .. "and both came back at %s")
+          :format(move, tostring(goneAt), tostring(wasGone), tostring(backAt)))
+    U.log(wasGone and "  OK -- the model leaves the field with the pic"
+          or "  WRONG -- the model stood there while the game said it was gone")
+    while game.stack:top() and game.stack:top() ~= game.overworld do
+      game.stack:pop()
+    end
+    U.wait(10)
+    U.log("done -- " .. DIR)
+    return
+  end
+
+  -- ------- DS_FAINT: does the collapse wait for the bar?
+  --
+  -- The faint animation must not start until the foe's HP bar has finished
+  -- emptying: `onFaint` fires the instant HP reaches zero, but the engine
+  -- queues the visible collapse behind the move animation and the drain, and
+  -- a Pokemon that lies down while its own health is still draining above it
+  -- reads as a bug (see Stadium's faintReady).
+  --
+  -- A TIMELINE rather than a screenshot, because what is being checked is an
+  -- ORDER: the frame the bar reaches zero against the frame the animation
+  -- changes. One printed line per frame settles that; two stills cannot.
+  if os.getenv("DS_FAINT") then
+    local Stadium2 = lib.require("Stadium")
+    game.save.party = { Pokemon.new(game.data, "CHARIZARD", 60) }
+    local battle = BattleState.newWild(game, "PIKACHU", 5)
+    battle.onFinish = function() end
+    game.overworld:pushBattle(battle)
+    U.wait(70)
+    for _ = 1, 40 do
+      if battle.phase == "menu" then break end
+      U.tap(game, "a")
+      U.wait(10)
+    end
+    U.tap(game, "a")
+    U.wait(12)
+    U.tap(game, "a")
+
+    local barZeroAt, animAt, shot, stood = nil, nil, false, 0
+    for f = 1, 700 do
+      -- keep advancing the text, as a player would. Without this the queue
+      -- blocks on the damage message and the HP bar never drains at all --
+      -- which is a perfectly good demonstration that the collapse now waits,
+      -- and no demonstration whatever that it eventually arrives.
+      if f % 20 == 0 then U.tap(game, "a") end
+      U.wait(1)
+      local foe = battle.enemy
+      local shown = foe and foe.shownHP
+      local anim = Stadium2.animOf and Stadium2.animOf("enemy") or nil
+      if f % 25 == 0 or (shown and shown <= 0 and not barZeroAt) then
+        U.log(("  f=%3d phase=%s shownHP=%s hp=%s queued=%s anim=%s")
+              :format(f, tostring(battle.phase), tostring(shown),
+                      tostring(foe and foe.mon and foe.mon.hp),
+                      tostring(foe and foe.faintQueued), tostring(anim)))
+      end
+      if shown and shown <= 0 and not barZeroAt then barZeroAt = f end
+      if anim == "faint" and not animAt then animAt = f end
+      -- a still from the middle of the drain: the foe must still be standing
+      if shown and shown > 0 and not shot and barZeroAt == nil
+          and foe and foe.faintQueued then
+        U.shot(game, ("%s/faint_1_draining.png"):format(DIR))
+        shot = true
+      end
+      -- and how long the model then STAYS. The engine takes the flat pic off
+      -- after a fourteen-frame slide; the animation runs for one to eight
+      -- seconds, and being cut off mid-fall is worse than not falling at all.
+      if animAt and Stadium2.showing("enemy") then stood = f - animAt end
+      if animAt and f == animAt + 20 then
+        U.shot(game, ("%s/faint_2_collapsing.png"):format(DIR))
+      end
+      if animAt and f == animAt + 90 then
+        U.shot(game, ("%s/faint_3_still_falling.png"):format(DIR))
+      end
+      if animAt and f > animAt + 20 and not Stadium2.showing("enemy") then
+        U.shot(game, ("%s/faint_4_gone.png"):format(DIR))
+        break
+      end
+    end
+    U.log(("FAINT: bar reached zero at frame %s, faint animation began at %s")
+          :format(tostring(barZeroAt), tostring(animAt)))
+    if barZeroAt and animAt then
+      U.log((animAt >= barZeroAt)
+            and "  OK -- the collapse waits for the bar"
+            or "  WRONG -- the collapse ran while the bar was still draining")
+    end
+    U.log(("  the model stayed on the field for %d frames (%.2fs) after the "
+           .. "collapse began; the engine's own pic slide is 14 (%.2fs)")
+          :format(stood, stood / 60, 14 / 60))
+    while game.stack:top() and game.stack:top() ~= game.overworld do
+      game.stack:pop()
+    end
+    U.wait(10)
+    U.log("done -- " .. DIR)
+    return
+  end
+
+  for i, case in ipairs(CASES) do
+    local foe, mine = case[1], case[2]
+    local tag = ("%02d_%s_vs_%s"):format(i, mine:lower(), foe:lower())
+    game.save.party = { Pokemon.new(game.data, mine, 40) }
+
+    local battle = BattleState.newWild(game, foe, 30)
+    battle.onFinish = function() end
+    game.overworld:pushBattle(battle)
+
+    -- The wipe, then the intro chatter, and -- the part that matters --
+    -- far enough past it that the player's own Pokemon has been SENT OUT.
+    -- Before that the player's side is legitimately the trainer's back
+    -- sprite, with no Pokemon on the field to model at all; a shot taken
+    -- there looks exactly like a bug and is not one.
+    U.wait(70)
+    -- tap until the FIGHT menu is up, which is the first moment BOTH
+    -- Pokemon are on the field in their standby loop
+    for _ = 1, 40 do
+      if battle.phase == "menu" then break end
+      U.tap(game, "a")
+      U.wait(10)
+    end
+    U.wait(45)
+    U.shot(game, ("%s/%s_1_idle.png"):format(DIR, tag))
+
+    -- FIGHT -> the first move, which is where the attack animation is
+    U.tap(game, "a")
+    U.wait(12)
+    U.tap(game, "a")
+    U.wait(22)
+    U.shot(game, ("%s/%s_2_attack.png"):format(DIR, tag))
+    U.wait(45)
+    U.shot(game, ("%s/%s_3_hit.png"):format(DIR, tag))
+
+    while game.stack:top() and game.stack:top() ~= game.overworld do
+      game.stack:pop()
+    end
+    U.wait(10)
+  end
+
+  U.log("done -- " .. DIR)
+end

tests/table_shots.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+-- Scratch driver: the round tables of the Celadon diner and the Mart
+-- roof terrace (the diner_round_table template's four placements).
+-- Shot at the voxel rung (5) and the flat rung (3), front/back/side of
+-- the diner table at cells (0,5):(1,6) plus the terrace pair.
+--
+--   POKEPORT_DRIVER=mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/tests/table_shots.lua \
+--   SHOT_DIR=mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/.claude/voxelizations \
+--   AB_TAG=before "/c/Program Files/LOVE/lovec.exe" .
+return function(game)
+  local U = dofile("tests/drivers/util.lua")
+  local Pipelines = require("src.render.Pipelines")
+
+  local ROOT = (os.getenv("SHOT_DIR")
+    or "mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/.claude/voxelizations")
+  local TAG = os.getenv("AB_TAG") or "shot"
+
+  local handle = game.mods.exports["DRAMATIC_SHAPE"]
+  if not (handle and handle.lib) then
+    print("[table] DRAMATIC_SHAPE is not loaded")
+    return
+  end
+  local V = handle.lib
+  local Buildings = V.require("Buildings")
+  local DayNight = V.require("DayNight")
+  local ChunkMesher = V.require("ChunkMesher")
+  local Voxel = V.require("VoxelState")
+
+  require("src.world.OverworldController").rollEncounter = function() return nil end
+  local TileRenderer = require("src.render.TileRenderer")
+  TileRenderer.tick = function() end
+  TileRenderer.animFrame = function() return 0 end
+  DayNight.setting:sync("day")
+
+  pcall(os.execute, 'mkdir -p "' .. ROOT .. '" 2>/dev/null')
+  pcall(os.execute, 'mkdir "' .. ROOT:gsub("/", "\\") .. '" 2>nul')
+
+  local Zoom = require("src.render.Zoom")
+  pcall(function()
+    game.save.options.zoom = 1
+    Zoom.applyOptions(game.save.options)
+  end)
+
+  local function settle()
+    for _ = 1, 900 do
+      if ChunkMesher.pending() == 0 then break end
+      U.wait(1)
+    end
+    for _ = 1, 300 do
+      if Voxel.t >= 1 and Voxel.ready and ChunkMesher.pending() == 0 then break end
+      U.wait(1)
+    end
+    U.wait(40)
+  end
+
+  local SCENES = {
+    -- the diner table at (0,5):(1,6), seen from the south = its front
+    { map = "CELADON_DINER", x = 1, y = 7, face = "up", label = "diner_front" },
+    -- the same table from the north = its back (standing between the two)
+    { map = "CELADON_DINER", x = 0, y = 4, face = "down", label = "diner_back" },
+    -- edge-on from the east
+    { map = "CELADON_DINER", x = 3, y = 5, face = "left", label = "diner_side" },
+    -- the roof terrace's table at (4,2):(5,3), from the south
+    { map = "CELADON_MART_ROOF", x = 4, y = 4, face = "up", label = "roof_front" },
+  }
+
+  local shots = 0
+  for _, s in ipairs(SCENES) do
+    local ok = pcall(U.teleport, game, s.map, s.x, s.y, s.face)
+    if ok then
+      for _, rung in ipairs({ 5, 3 }) do
+        Pipelines.setLevel("voxel", rung)
+        Pipelines.setLevel("tiltshift", 0)
+        settle()
+        -- prove which models the RUNNING mod built for this map
+        local st = Buildings.stats()
+        local keys = {}
+        for k, v in pairs(st) do
+          keys[#keys + 1] = ("%s(v=%d)"):format(k, v.voxels)
+        end
+        table.sort(keys)
+        print(("[table] %s r%d models: %s"):format(s.label, rung,
+          #keys > 0 and table.concat(keys, " ") or "none"))
+        local path = ("%s/%s_%s_r%d.png"):format(ROOT, TAG, s.label, rung)
+        game.capturePath = path
+        U.wait(6)
+        local f = io.open(path, "rb")
+        if f then f:close() shots = shots + 1
+        else print("[table] capture missed: " .. path) end
+      end
+    else
+      print("[table] teleport failed: " .. s.map)
+    end
+  end
+  print(("[table] %d shots into %s"):format(shots, ROOT))
+  love.event.quit()
+end

tests/tile_pick.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,816 @@
+-- Driver: the tile picker -- point at a tile, get the voxelize prompt.
+--
+-- The voxelize-tiles skill is driven per TILE, and its first argument is
+-- always the same thing: which map, and which cell on it. Finding that pair
+-- by hand means walking the game to the object, counting cells off a corner
+-- and hoping the count is right. This is the same window the arena editor is
+-- -- the map drawn from its OWN art, the tiles the cartridge holds, through
+-- the game's own palette -- with a cursor on it instead of an arena, and one
+-- button: COPY PROMPT.
+--
+-- What lands on the clipboard is exactly:
+--
+--   run voxelize-tile on the tile found in PALLET_TOWN- (5,4). Return
+--   screenshots of the voxelization in .claude/voxelizations/
+--
+-- on one line, ready to paste into Claude. Every copy is also appended to
+-- SHOT_DIR/prompts.txt and printed to the console, because a session of this
+-- is a LIST of jobs -- you walk a map picking out every object worth shape
+-- and hand the list over at the end, rather than pasting one and waiting.
+--
+--   POKEPORT_DRIVER=mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/tests/tile_pick.lua \
+--     "/c/Program Files/LOVE/lovec.exe" .
+--
+-- from the PROJECT ROOT, with this mod enabled. lovec rather than love, so
+-- the console is attached and the transcript alone is the list.
+--
+-- ------- the keys
+--
+--   arrows      move the cursor (hold shift for 5 cells)
+--   click       put the cursor on that tile
+--   [  ]        previous / next map (shift: 10 at a time)
+--   c / enter   COPY PROMPT for the tile under the cursor
+--   z           zoom the inset in / out (shift: out)
+--   g           what the plan shows: the map's own tiles, the walk grid over
+--               them, or the walk grid alone
+--   m           HIDE the plan, so the window is the game -- the panel keeps
+--               the coordinates, the inset and the button, so a tile is
+--               still copied from here while looking at it standing up in 3D
+--   t           stand the player on this tile, so the 3D view behind the
+--               panel is looking at the thing you are about to voxelize
+--   y           screenshot (shift: with this panel in it)
+--   l           re-print every prompt copied so far
+--   F1          the key legend on screen
+--   escape      quit
+--
+-- ------- environment
+--
+--   TILE_MAPS=ID,ID    work this list instead of every map in the game
+--   TILE_START=ID      open on this map
+--   TILE_OUT=path      where prompts.txt is written
+--   TILE_RUNG=N        the voxel angle rung to sit on (default 3)
+--   SHOT_DIR=path      screenshots, and the default prompt-list directory
+return function(game)
+  local U = dofile("tests/drivers/util.lua")
+
+  local function truthy(v) return v ~= nil and v ~= "" and v ~= "0" end
+
+  local DIR = os.getenv("SHOT_DIR")
+  if not DIR or DIR == "" then DIR = ".scratchpad/tile_pick" end
+  local OUT = os.getenv("TILE_OUT")
+  if not OUT or OUT == "" then OUT = DIR .. "/prompts.txt" end
+  local RUNG = tonumber(os.getenv("TILE_RUNG") or "") or 3
+
+  -- U.shot's own mkdir is Unix-flavoured and does nothing on Windows, which
+  -- is where this tool is driven from -- so the shell is asked in its own
+  -- language, or the screenshots and the prompt list never reach disk.
+  local WINDOWS = love.system and love.system.getOS() == "Windows"
+  local function mkdirp(dir)
+    if not dir or dir == "" then return end
+    if WINDOWS then
+      local d = dir:gsub("/", "\\")
+      os.execute('if not exist "' .. d .. '" mkdir "' .. d .. '"')
+    else
+      os.execute('mkdir -p "' .. dir .. '" 2>/dev/null')
+    end
+  end
+  mkdirp(DIR)
+  mkdirp(OUT:match("^(.*)[/\\][^/\\]+$"))
+
+  -- ------- the mod
+  --
+  -- Only for the camera rung: the picking itself is engine-only, but the
+  -- view behind the panel is what `t` is for, and a flat 2D world behind a
+  -- 3D-tile picker would be looking at the wrong thing.
+  local exports = game.mods and game.mods.exports
+  local lib = exports and exports.DRAMATIC_SHAPE and exports.DRAMATIC_SHAPE.lib
+  local Pipelines = require("src.render.Pipelines")
+  local PaletteFX = require("src.render.PaletteFX")
+  local Pokemon = require("src.pokemon.Pokemon")
+
+  local wasRung
+  if lib then
+    local DayNight = lib.require("DayNight")
+    DayNight.setting:setValue("day")     -- one light to look at them all in
+    wasRung = Pipelines.level("voxel")
+    Pipelines.setLevel("voxel", RUNG)
+  else
+    U.log("DRAMATIC_SHAPE is not loaded -- the picker still works, but the "
+          .. "view behind it will be the flat 2D map")
+  end
+
+  game.save.party = { Pokemon.new(game.data, "CHARIZARD", 45) }
+  game.save.player.name = "RED"
+
+  -- ------- which maps
+  --
+  -- EVERY map, unlike the arena tools: a tile worth voxelizing is as likely
+  -- to be a shop counter or a bedroom desk as anything on a route, and those
+  -- are exactly the maps a "where can a fight happen" filter throws away.
+  local ids = {}
+  local explicit = os.getenv("TILE_MAPS")
+  if explicit and explicit ~= "" then
+    for id in explicit:gmatch("[^,%s]+") do ids[#ids + 1] = id end
+  else
+    for id, def in pairs(game.data.maps) do
+      if type(id) == "string" and type(def) == "table" and def.width then
+        ids[#ids + 1] = id
+      end
+    end
+    table.sort(ids)
+  end
+  if #ids == 0 then
+    U.log("no maps to work on")
+    return
+  end
+
+  local S = {
+    i = 1,
+    map = nil,
+    cx = 0, cy = 0,        -- the cursor, in cells
+    plan = nil,
+    tiles = nil,           -- the map baked from its own tileset
+    planMode = 1,
+    showPlan = true,       -- is the plan drawn at all
+    zoom = 5,              -- how many cells across the inset shows
+    msg = "",
+    legend = true,
+    copied = {},           -- every prompt this session, in order
+    shooting = false,
+    quit = false,
+    planRect = nil,        -- where the plan landed, for the mouse
+    buttonRect = nil,      -- and the button
+  }
+
+  local queue = {}
+  local function post(cmd, arg) queue[#queue + 1] = { cmd = cmd, arg = arg } end
+  local function say(fmt, ...)
+    S.msg = select("#", ...) > 0 and fmt:format(...) or fmt
+  end
+  local function mapId() return ids[S.i] end
+
+  -- ------- the prompt
+  --
+  -- One line, and the ONLY thing this tool exists to produce. Kept in one
+  -- function so the text that reaches the clipboard, the console and the
+  -- file is provably the same text.
+  local function promptFor(id, cx, cy)
+    return ("run voxelize-tile on the tile found in %s- (%d,%d). "
+            .. "Return screenshots of the voxelization in "
+            .. ".claude/voxelizations/"):format(id, cx, cy)
+  end
+
+  local function copyPrompt()
+    local text = promptFor(mapId(), S.cx, S.cy)
+    local ok = false
+    if love.system and love.system.setClipboardText then
+      ok = pcall(love.system.setClipboardText, text)
+    end
+    S.copied[#S.copied + 1] = text
+    -- The clipboard holds ONE of these and the session produces many, so the
+    -- file is not a convenience -- it is where the list actually lives. Open
+    -- per copy and closed again: a tool driving a game can be killed at any
+    -- moment, and a buffered list is a lost afternoon.
+    local f = io.open(OUT, "a")
+    if f then
+      f:write(text, "\n")
+      f:close()
+    end
+    U.log("PROMPT " .. text)
+    say("%s (%d,%d) copied%s -- %d so far", mapId(), S.cx, S.cy,
+        ok and "" or " to the list only (no clipboard here)", #S.copied)
+  end
+
+  -- ------- what the map looks like from above
+  --
+  -- Lifted from the arena editor, and for its reason: the plan is the
+  -- surface a tile is chosen on, and a grid of coloured squares is a map of
+  -- the walk grid rather than of the place. You are picking out a bookshelf.
+  -- Baked once per map into a canvas, during UPDATE rather than inside a
+  -- draw, because it binds a canvas of its own.
+  local PLAN_MAX = 2048
+
+  local function paletteFor(m)
+    local ow = game.overworld
+    if ow and ow.paletteNameFor then
+      local okName, name = pcall(ow.paletteNameFor, ow, m)
+      if okName and name then
+        local okPal, colours = pcall(PaletteFX.pal, game.data, name)
+        if okPal and colours then return colours end
+      end
+    end
+    local okOg, og = pcall(PaletteFX.ogBg)
+    return okOg and og or nil
+  end
+
+  local function bakeTiles()
+    if S.tiles then pcall(S.tiles.release, S.tiles) end
+    S.tiles = nil
+    local m = S.map
+    if not (m and m.renderer and love.graphics and love.graphics.newCanvas) then
+      return
+    end
+    local w, h = m.widthCells * 16, m.heightCells * 16
+    local scale = math.min(1, PLAN_MAX / math.max(w, h))
+    local okNew, canvas = pcall(love.graphics.newCanvas,
+                                math.max(1, math.floor(w * scale)),
+                                math.max(1, math.floor(h * scale)))
+    if not (okNew and canvas) then return end
+    -- Nearest, unlike the arena editor's plan: that one is a whole route
+    -- minified to a panel, where nearest keeps a moire. This one gets
+    -- magnified in the inset, where a tile has to be READABLE -- linear
+    -- there is a smear of a bookshelf, and the drawing is the whole point.
+    pcall(canvas.setFilter, canvas, "nearest", "nearest")
+
+    local g = love.graphics
+    local prev = g.getCanvas()
+    local wasTrue = m.renderer.trueColor
+    m.renderer.trueColor = false
+    local ok, err = pcall(function()
+      g.push("all")
+      g.origin()
+      g.setCanvas(canvas)
+      g.clear(0, 0, 0, 0)
+      g.setBlendMode("alpha")
+      g.setColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
+      g.scale(scale, scale)
+      local shader = PaletteFX.shader()
+      local colours = paletteFor(m)
+      if shader and colours then
+        g.setShader(shader)
+        PaletteFX.sendColors(shader, colours)
+      end
+      m.renderer:drawMapOnly(0, 0, w, h)
+      g.pop()
+    end)
+    m.renderer.trueColor = wasTrue
+    if prev then pcall(g.setCanvas, prev) else pcall(g.setCanvas) end
+    if not ok then
+      pcall(canvas.release, canvas)
+      U.log("could not bake the map's tiles: " .. tostring(err))
+      return
+    end
+    S.tiles = canvas
+  end
+
+  local PLAN_MODES = { "both", "tiles", "grid" }
+
+  local CELL_COLOUR = {
+    open  = { 0.78, 0.74, 0.63 },
+    grass = { 0.33, 0.60, 0.30 },
+    water = { 0.24, 0.44, 0.78 },
+    warp  = { 0.85, 0.68, 0.20 },
+    solid = { 0.17, 0.17, 0.20 },
+  }
+
+  local function buildPlan()
+    local m = S.map
+    if not m then S.plan = nil return end
+    local w, h = m.widthCells, m.heightCells
+    local plan = { w = w, h = h }
+    for cy = 0, h - 1 do
+      for cx = 0, w - 1 do
+        local kind
+        if not m:isWalkableCell(cx, cy) then
+          kind = m:isWaterCell(cx, cy) and "water" or "solid"
+        elseif m:warpAtCell(cx, cy) or m:isWarpTileCell(cx, cy) then
+          kind = "warp"
+        elseif m.isGrassCell and m:isGrassCell(cx, cy) then
+          kind = "grass"
+        else
+          kind = "open"
+        end
+        plan[cy * w + cx] = kind
+      end
+    end
+    S.plan = plan
+  end
+
+  -- ------- moving between maps
+
+  local function enterMap(index)
+    S.i = ((index - 1) % #ids) + 1
+    local id = mapId()
+    local ok, err = pcall(function() U.teleport(game, id, 1, 1, "down") end)
+    if not ok then
+      S.map, S.plan = nil, nil
+      say("could not enter %s (%s)", id, tostring(err))
+      U.log(("SKIP   %s -- could not enter (%s)"):format(id, tostring(err)))
+      return
+    end
+    S.map = game.overworld.map
+    buildPlan()
+    bakeTiles()
+    -- the middle of the map, which is where the furniture tends to be
+    S.cx = math.floor(S.map.widthCells / 2)
+    S.cy = math.floor(S.map.heightCells / 2)
+    say("%s -- %dx%d cells", id, S.map.widthCells, S.map.heightCells)
+    U.log(("MAP    %s (%d/%d) %dx%d cells"):format(id, S.i, #ids,
+          S.map.widthCells, S.map.heightCells))
+  end
+
+  -- ------- the frame
+  --
+  -- The driver harness turns the frame cap off (a scripted run is not
+  -- paced), so each step is held to a 60th of a second by hand.
+  local lastT = love.timer.getTime()
+  local function step(n)
+    for _ = 1, (n or 1) do
+      local rest = (1 / 60) - (love.timer.getTime() - lastT)
+      if rest > 0 then love.timer.sleep(rest) end
+      lastT = love.timer.getTime()
+      U.wait(1)
+    end
+  end
+
+  local function shoot(withHud)
+    -- the plan being away is part of what a panel shot IS, or the two write
+    -- one file twice and whichever came last is the only one kept
+    local tag = ""
+    if withHud then tag = S.showPlan and "_panel" or "_panel_noplan" end
+    local name = ("%s_x%d_y%d%s"):format(mapId():lower(), S.cx, S.cy, tag)
+    local path = ("%s/%s.png"):format(DIR, name)
+    S.shooting = not withHud
+    game.capturePath = path
+    for _ = 1, 120 do
+      if not game.capturePath then break end
+      step(1)
+    end
+    step(2)
+    S.shooting = false
+    local f = io.open(path, "rb")
+    if f then
+      f:close()
+      say("shot %s.png", name)
+      U.log("SHOT   " .. path)
+    else
+      say("screenshot did not reach disk: %s", path)
+    end
+  end
+
+  -- Stand the player on the tile, so the world behind the panel is looking
+  -- at the thing about to be voxelized. The tile itself is usually SOLID --
+  -- a counter, a shelf, a house -- so the walk of shame outwards: the
+  -- nearest walkable cell to it, searched in rings, which is where a player
+  -- would have to stand to see it anyway.
+  local function standHere()
+    local m = S.map
+    if not m then return end
+    for r = 0, 6 do
+      for dy = -r, r do
+        for dx = -r, r do
+          if math.max(math.abs(dx), math.abs(dy)) == r then
+            local x, y = S.cx + dx, S.cy + dy
+            if m:inBounds(x, y) and m:isWalkableCell(x, y) then
+              game.overworld.player.cellX = x
+              game.overworld.player.cellY = y
+              say("standing at %d,%d", x, y)
+              return
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    say("nowhere walkable within 6 cells of %d,%d", S.cx, S.cy)
+  end
+
+  -- ------- the keys
+
+  local function shifted()
+    return love.keyboard.isDown("lshift") or love.keyboard.isDown("rshift")
+  end
+
+  local function moveCursor(dx, dy)
+    local m = S.map
+    if not m then return end
+    local n = shifted() and 5 or 1
+    S.cx = math.max(0, math.min(m.widthCells - 1, S.cx + dx * n))
+    S.cy = math.max(0, math.min(m.heightCells - 1, S.cy + dy * n))
+  end
+
+  local function handle(key)
+    if key == "left" then moveCursor(-1, 0) return true end
+    if key == "right" then moveCursor(1, 0) return true end
+    if key == "up" then moveCursor(0, -1) return true end
+    if key == "down" then moveCursor(0, 1) return true end
+    if key == "[" then post("map", shifted() and -10 or -1) return true end
+    if key == "]" then post("map", shifted() and 10 or 1) return true end
+    if key == "c" or key == "return" or key == "kpenter" then
+      copyPrompt()
+      return true
+    end
+    if key == "z" then
+      S.zoom = math.max(3, math.min(21, S.zoom + (shifted() and 2 or -2)))
+      return true
+    end
+    if key == "g" then
+      S.planMode = (S.planMode % #PLAN_MODES) + 1
+      say("plan: %s", PLAN_MODES[S.planMode])
+      return true
+    end
+    -- The plan covers most of the window, and the thing UNDER it is the game
+    -- -- the tile standing up in 3D, which is what the voxelizing is for.
+    -- With the plan away, the panel still carries the coordinates, the inset
+    -- and the button, so a tile can still be copied while looking at it.
+    if key == "m" then
+      S.showPlan = not S.showPlan
+      say("plan %s", S.showPlan and "shown" or "hidden -- the game is under it")
+      return true
+    end
+    if key == "t" then standHere() return true end
+    if key == "y" then post("shot", shifted() and "hud" or nil) return true end
+    if key == "l" then
+      if #S.copied == 0 then
+        U.log("nothing copied yet")
+      else
+        for i, t in ipairs(S.copied) do U.log(("%3d  %s"):format(i, t)) end
+      end
+      say("%d prompt%s printed to the console", #S.copied,
+          #S.copied == 1 and "" or "s")
+      return true
+    end
+    if key == "f1" then S.legend = not S.legend return true end
+    if key == "escape" then S.quit = true return true end
+    return false
+  end
+
+  local innerKey = love.keypressed
+  function love.keypressed(key, scancode, isrepeat)
+    local ok, claimed = pcall(handle, key)
+    if ok and claimed then return end
+    if not ok then U.log("key error: " .. tostring(claimed)) end
+    if innerKey then return innerKey(key, scancode, isrepeat) end
+  end
+
+  -- The mouse is the reason this tool is faster than counting cells: click
+  -- the bookshelf, read the coordinates back off the panel, copy. Both hit
+  -- tests read rectangles the draw left behind, so what is clickable is
+  -- exactly what was drawn -- no second copy of the layout to drift.
+  local innerMouse = love.mousepressed
+  function love.mousepressed(x, y, button, istouch, presses)
+    if button == 1 then
+      local b = S.buttonRect
+      if b and x >= b[1] and y >= b[2] and x <= b[1] + b[3]
+         and y <= b[2] + b[4] then
+        copyPrompt()
+        return
+      end
+      local r = S.planRect
+      if r and S.map and x >= r.x and y >= r.y and x <= r.x + r.w
+         and y <= r.y + r.h then
+        S.cx = math.max(0, math.min(S.map.widthCells - 1,
+                                    math.floor((x - r.x) / r.cell)))
+        S.cy = math.max(0, math.min(S.map.heightCells - 1,
+                                    math.floor((y - r.y) / r.cell)))
+        return
+      end
+    end
+    if innerMouse then
+      return innerMouse(x, y, button, istouch, presses)
+    end
+  end
+
+  -- ------- the overlay
+
+  local font = love.graphics.newFont(13)
+  local smallFont = love.graphics.newFont(11)
+  local bigFont = love.graphics.newFont(16)
+
+  local function drawPlan(x, y, w, h)
+    local plan = S.plan
+    S.planRect = nil
+    if not plan then return end
+    local g = love.graphics
+    local cell = math.min(w / plan.w, h / plan.h)
+    if cell < 1 then cell = 1 end
+    local pw, ph = plan.w * cell, plan.h * cell
+    local ox, oy = x + (w - pw) / 2, y + (h - ph) / 2
+    S.planRect = { x = ox, y = oy, w = pw, h = ph, cell = cell }
+
+    g.setColor(0, 0, 0, 0.55)
+    g.rectangle("fill", ox - 4, oy - 4, pw + 8, ph + 8)
+
+    local mode = PLAN_MODES[S.planMode or 1]
+    if S.tiles and mode ~= "grid" then
+      g.setColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
+      g.draw(S.tiles, ox, oy, 0, pw / S.tiles:getWidth(),
+             ph / S.tiles:getHeight())
+    end
+    if mode ~= "tiles" then
+      local alpha = (mode == "grid" or not S.tiles) and 1 or 0.22
+      for cy = 0, plan.h - 1 do
+        for cx = 0, plan.w - 1 do
+          local kind = plan[cy * plan.w + cx]
+          local c = CELL_COLOUR[kind]
+          if c and not (alpha < 1 and kind == "open") then
+            g.setColor(c[1], c[2], c[3], alpha)
+            g.rectangle("fill", ox + cx * cell, oy + cy * cell, cell, cell)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    local ow = game.overworld
+    if ow and ow.player then
+      g.setColor(1, 1, 1, 0.8)
+      g.circle("fill", ox + (ow.player.cellX + 0.5) * cell,
+               oy + (ow.player.cellY + 0.5) * cell, math.max(2, cell * 0.4))
+    end
+
+    -- The cursor, with crosshair arms out to the edges of the plan. On a
+    -- route the cell is three pixels across and a box round it is invisible;
+    -- the arms are what actually says WHICH one is selected.
+    local cx, cy = ox + S.cx * cell, oy + S.cy * cell
+    g.setColor(1, 0.85, 0.2, 0.35)
+    g.setLineWidth(1)
+    g.line(ox, cy + cell / 2, ox + pw, cy + cell / 2)
+    g.line(cx + cell / 2, oy, cx + cell / 2, oy + ph)
+    g.setColor(1, 0.85, 0.2, 1)
+    g.setLineWidth(2)
+    g.rectangle("line", cx - 1, cy - 1, cell + 2, cell + 2)
+    g.setLineWidth(1)
+    g.setColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
+  end
+
+  -- The tile itself, magnified. The whole judgement this tool supports is
+  -- "is THAT the drawing I mean to voxelize", and at plan scale a cell is a
+  -- few pixels. Drawn as a scissored blow-up of the same baked canvas rather
+  -- than a second render of the map: one bake, one truth.
+  local function drawInset(x, y, size)
+    local g = love.graphics
+    g.setColor(0, 0, 0, 0.7)
+    g.rectangle("fill", x - 3, y - 3, size + 6, size + 6)
+    if not (S.tiles and S.map) then return end
+    local span = S.zoom                       -- cells across the inset
+    local pxPerCell = S.tiles:getWidth() / S.map.widthCells
+    local mag = size / (span * pxPerCell)
+    -- the top-left canvas pixel the inset starts at, so the cursor's cell
+    -- sits in the middle of it
+    local sx = (S.cx + 0.5 - span / 2) * pxPerCell
+    local sy = (S.cy + 0.5 - span / 2) * pxPerCell
+    g.setScissor(x, y, size, size)
+    g.setColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
+    g.draw(S.tiles, x - sx * mag, y - sy * mag, 0, mag, mag)
+    g.setScissor()
+    local cell = size / span
+    local mx = x + size / 2 - cell / 2
+    local my = y + size / 2 - cell / 2
+    g.setColor(1, 0.85, 0.2, 1)
+    g.setLineWidth(2)
+    g.rectangle("line", mx, my, cell, cell)
+    g.setLineWidth(1)
+    g.setColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
+  end
+
+  local LEGEND = {
+    "arrows  move the cursor (shift x5)",
+    "click   put the cursor on that tile",
+    "[  ]    previous / next map (shift x10)",
+    "c       COPY PROMPT  (also enter, also the button)",
+    "z       zoom the inset in (shift: out)",
+    "g       plan: tiles / walk grid / both",
+    "m       hide the plan (the game is under it)",
+    "t       stand the player on this tile",
+    "y       screenshot (shift: with this panel)",
+    "l       list every prompt copied so far",
+    "F1      this list      escape  quit",
+  }
+
+  local function drawOverlay()
+    local g = love.graphics
+    local W, H = g.getDimensions()
+    local panel = math.min(320, math.floor(W * 0.34))
+
+    g.setColor(0, 0, 0, 0.72)
+    g.rectangle("fill", 0, 0, panel, H)
+
+    local y = 10
+    g.setFont(bigFont)
+    g.setColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
+    g.print(mapId(), 10, y)
+    y = y + 22
+    g.setFont(font)
+    g.setColor(0.72, 0.78, 0.9, 1)
+    g.print(("map %d / %d"):format(S.i, #ids), 10, y)
+    y = y + 20
+
+    -- the coordinates, big, because they are what the prompt is made of and
+    -- what gets read back against the game
+    g.setFont(bigFont)
+    g.setColor(1, 0.85, 0.2, 1)
+    g.print(("tile  (%d,%d)"):format(S.cx, S.cy), 10, y)
+    y = y + 24
+    g.setFont(smallFont)
+    g.setColor(0.8, 0.8, 0.85, 1)
+    local m = S.map
+    if m then
+      local okTile, tile = pcall(m.cellTile, m, S.cx, S.cy)
+      local kind = S.plan and S.plan[S.cy * S.plan.w + S.cx] or "?"
+      -- tileset and tile id are not in the prompt, and are here anyway: they
+      -- are what the skill's data files are keyed by, so this is the line
+      -- that tells you two different-looking cells are the same drawing
+      g.print(("tileset %s   tile %s   %s")
+              :format(tostring(m.def and m.def.tileset),
+                      okTile and tostring(tile) or "?", kind), 10, y)
+      y = y + 16
+      g.print(("block (%d,%d)"):format(math.floor(S.cx / 2),
+                                       math.floor(S.cy / 2)), 10, y)
+      y = y + 18
+    end
+
+    -- the inset
+    local inset = math.min(panel - 20, 180)
+    drawInset(10, y, inset)
+    y = y + inset + 14
+
+    -- THE BUTTON. A real rectangle with a real hit test, not a hint that a
+    -- key exists: the tool is used with one hand on the mouse walking a map,
+    -- and reaching for the keyboard per tile is the whole friction.
+    local bw, bh = panel - 20, 34
+    S.buttonRect = { 10, y, bw, bh }
+    local mx, my = love.mouse.getPosition()
+    local hot = mx >= 10 and my >= y and mx <= 10 + bw and my <= y + bh
+    g.setColor(hot and 0.30 or 0.18, hot and 0.62 or 0.42, hot and 0.34 or 0.22,
+               1)
+    g.rectangle("fill", 10, y, bw, bh, 5, 5)
+    g.setColor(0.45, 0.9, 0.55, 1)
+    g.rectangle("line", 10, y, bw, bh, 5, 5)
+    g.setFont(font)
+    g.setColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
+    local label = "COPY PROMPT"
+    g.print(label, 10 + (bw - font:getWidth(label)) / 2, y + 9)
+    y = y + bh + 12
+
+    -- what it will copy, shown in full and wrapped: the prompt is the
+    -- product, so it is never hidden behind the button that makes it
+    g.setFont(smallFont)
+    g.setColor(0.65, 0.75, 0.85, 1)
+    local preview = promptFor(mapId(), S.cx, S.cy)
+    local _, lines = smallFont:getWrap(preview, panel - 20)
+    for _, l in ipairs(lines) do
+      g.print(l, 10, y)
+      y = y + 13
+    end
+    y = y + 8
+
+    g.setColor(0.55, 0.9, 0.6, 1)
+    local _, outLines = smallFont:getWrap(
+      ("%d copied  ->  %s"):format(#S.copied, OUT), panel - 20)
+    for _, l in ipairs(outLines) do
+      g.print(l, 10, y)
+      y = y + 13
+    end
+    y = y + 5
+
+    if S.msg ~= "" then
+      g.setColor(1, 0.9, 0.6, 1)
+      local _, msgLines = smallFont:getWrap(S.msg, panel - 20)
+      for _, l in ipairs(msgLines) do
+        g.print(l, 10, y)
+        y = y + 13
+      end
+      y = y + 6
+    end
+
+    if S.legend then
+      y = y + 6
+      g.setColor(0.75, 0.8, 0.9, 1)
+      for _, l in ipairs(LEGEND) do
+        g.print(l, 10, y)
+        y = y + 14
+      end
+    end
+
+    if S.showPlan then
+      local px = panel + 12
+      drawPlan(px, 12, W - px - 12, H - 24)
+    else
+      -- and with nothing drawn there, nothing there is clickable: the mouse
+      -- reads the rectangle the draw leaves behind, so clearing it is what
+      -- stops a click on the game moving the cursor
+      S.planRect = nil
+    end
+    g.setColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
+  end
+
+  local innerDraw = love.draw
+  function love.draw()
+    if innerDraw then innerDraw() end
+    if S.shooting then return end
+    local g = love.graphics
+    g.push("all")
+    g.origin()
+    local ok, err = pcall(drawOverlay)
+    g.pop()
+    if not ok and not S.drawWarned then
+      S.drawWarned = true
+      U.log("overlay draw failed: " .. tostring(err))
+    end
+  end
+
+  -- ------- the session
+
+  U.log("tile picker -- " .. #ids .. " maps")
+  for _, l in ipairs(LEGEND) do U.log("  " .. l) end
+  U.log("prompts append to " .. OUT)
+
+  local start = os.getenv("TILE_START")
+  local at = 1
+  if start and start ~= "" then
+    for i, id in ipairs(ids) do
+      if id == start then at = i break end
+    end
+  end
+  enterMap(at)
+
+  local function dispatch(job)
+    if job.cmd == "map" then
+      enterMap(S.i + job.arg)
+    elseif job.cmd == "shot" then
+      shoot(job.arg == "hud")
+    end
+  end
+
+  -- One frame of the session: the next thing a key asked for, or a frame of
+  -- standing still while the game runs underneath. Map changes and captures
+  -- go through the queue rather than happening inside the key handler --
+  -- both of them bind canvases, and doing that from inside love.keypressed
+  -- is doing it inside the engine's own frame.
+  local function pump(frames)
+    for _ = 1, (frames or 1) do
+      local job = table.remove(queue, 1)
+      if job then dispatch(job) else step(1) end
+      if S.quit then return end
+    end
+  end
+
+  -- ------- TILE_SELFTEST=1: the same session, with the keys pressed for you
+  --
+  -- Not a substitute for sitting in front of it -- the thing this tool is
+  -- judged on is whether a bookshelf is recognisable in the inset -- but it
+  -- proves the session starts, both wraps hold, every key path runs, a map
+  -- change re-bakes, and a prompt reaches the clipboard and the file. Which
+  -- is the whole of what can fail without a person noticing.
+  if truthy(os.getenv("TILE_SELFTEST")) then
+    OUT = DIR .. "/selftest_prompts.txt"
+    local function press(key, frames)
+      local ok, err = pcall(handle, key)
+      if not ok then U.log("SELFTEST key " .. key .. " failed: " .. tostring(err)) end
+      pump(frames or 20)
+    end
+    press("right")
+    press("down")
+    press("left")
+    press("up")
+    press("c")                -- a prompt, copied
+    press("z")                -- the inset both ways
+    press("z")
+    press("g")                -- each way of drawing the plan
+    press("g")
+    press("g")
+    press("t")                -- stand on it
+    press("m")                -- the plan away, and back -- with a shot of
+    post("shot", "hud")       -- the window without it, which is the only
+    pump(240)                 -- thing that proves the panel stands alone
+    press("m")
+    press("]", 90)            -- the next map, which re-bakes
+    press("c")                -- and a prompt from there
+    press("[", 90)            -- back
+    press("y", 240)           -- a screenshot of the world
+    post("shot", "hud")       -- and one WITH the panel, which is the only
+    pump(240)                 -- thing that proves the overlay draws
+    press("l")                -- the list
+    press("f1")
+    -- the click paths, which the key presses above never touch
+    local b = S.buttonRect
+    if b then
+      love.mousepressed(b[1] + 4, b[2] + 4, 1)
+      pump(20)
+    end
+    local r = S.planRect
+    if r then
+      love.mousepressed(r.x + r.w * 0.5, r.y + r.h * 0.5, 1)
+      pump(20)
+    end
+    U.log(("SELFTEST %d prompts, cursor %d,%d on %s -- %s")
+          :format(#S.copied, S.cx, S.cy, mapId(), tostring(S.msg)))
+    press("escape", 5)
+    S.quit = true
+  end
+
+  while not S.quit do pump(1) end
+
+  -- Hand the install back the way it was found.
+  if S.tiles then pcall(S.tiles.release, S.tiles) end
+  love.draw = innerDraw
+  love.keypressed = innerKey
+  love.mousepressed = innerMouse
+  if wasRung then pcall(Pipelines.setLevel, "voxel", wasRung) end
+
+  if #S.copied > 0 then
+    U.log(("-- %d prompt%s this session"):format(#S.copied,
+          #S.copied == 1 and "" or "s"))
+    for i, t in ipairs(S.copied) do U.log(("%3d  %s"):format(i, t)) end
+  end
+  U.log("done -- " .. OUT)
+end

tests/tree_shots.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+-- Scratch driver: Celadon Gym's little tree ($40/$41 over $50/$51,
+-- one cell) at CELADON_GYM (5,7), flanked by the hedge cylinders.
+-- Front and back, voxel rung (5) and flat rung (3). Same spots BEFORE
+-- and AFTER the pin change.
+--
+--   POKEPORT_DRIVER=mods/DramaticShapeVoxelMod/tests/tree_shots.lua \
+--   SHOT_DIR=.scratchpad/celtree AB_TAG=before "/c/Program Files/LOVE/lovec.exe" .
+return function(game)
+  local U = dofile("tests/drivers/util.lua")
+  local Pipelines = require("src.render.Pipelines")
+
+  local ROOT = (os.getenv("SHOT_DIR") or "shots/celtree")
+    .. "/" .. (os.getenv("AB_TAG") or "after")
+
+  local handle = game.mods.exports["DRAMATIC_SHAPE"]
+  if not (handle and handle.lib) then
+    print("[celtree] DRAMATIC_SHAPE is not loaded")
+    love.event.quit()
+    return
+  end
+  local V = handle.lib
+  do -- prove the RUNNING mod sees the pin we think it does
+    local TS = V.require("TileShape")
+    local shapes = TS.forMap({ tileset = { id = "GYM",
+                                           imageWidth = 128,
+                                           imageHeight = 48 } })
+    for _, t in ipairs({ 64, 80 }) do
+      local s = shapes[t]
+      print("[celtree] running-mod GYM tile " .. t .. ": "
+        .. (s and (tostring(s.class) .. "/" .. tostring(s.art)
+                   .. " h=" .. tostring(s.h)) or "nil"))
+    end
+  end
+  local DayNight = V.require("DayNight")
+  local ChunkMesher = V.require("ChunkMesher")
+  local Voxel = V.require("VoxelState")
+
+  require("src.world.OverworldController").rollEncounter = function() return nil end
+  local TileRenderer = require("src.render.TileRenderer")
+  TileRenderer.tick = function() end
+  TileRenderer.animFrame = function() return 0 end
+  DayNight.setting:sync("day")
+
+  pcall(os.execute, 'mkdir -p "' .. ROOT .. '" 2>/dev/null')
+  pcall(os.execute, 'mkdir "' .. ROOT:gsub("/", "\\") .. '" 2>nul')
+
+  local Zoom = require("src.render.Zoom")
+  pcall(function()
+    game.save.options.zoom = 1
+    Zoom.applyOptions(game.save.options)
+  end)
+
+  local function settle()
+    for _ = 1, 900 do
+      if ChunkMesher.pending() == 0 then break end
+      U.wait(1)
+    end
+    for _ = 1, 300 do
+      if Voxel.t >= 1 and Voxel.ready and ChunkMesher.pending() == 0 then break end
+      U.wait(1)
+    end
+    U.wait(40)
+  end
+
+  local SCENES = {
+    -- the tree at (5,7) seen from the south = its front
+    { map = "CELADON_GYM", x = 5, y = 8, face = "up", label = "tree_front" },
+    -- the same tree from the north = its back
+    { map = "CELADON_GYM", x = 5, y = 6, face = "down", label = "tree_back" },
+    -- a step further back so the whole tree fits over the hedges
+    { map = "CELADON_GYM", x = 5, y = 9, face = "up", label = "tree_far" },
+    -- from the open floor west of it, edge-on
+    { map = "CELADON_GYM", x = 4, y = 8, face = "up", label = "tree_west" },
+    -- the second placement at (7,5), unobstructed in the east garden
+    { map = "CELADON_GYM", x = 7, y = 7, face = "up", label = "tree2_front" },
+    { map = "CELADON_GYM", x = 8, y = 5, face = "left", label = "tree2_east" },
+    { map = "CELADON_GYM", x = 7, y = 3, face = "down", label = "tree2_back" },
+  }
+
+  local shots = 0
+  for _, s in ipairs(SCENES) do
+    local ok = pcall(U.teleport, game, s.map, s.x, s.y, s.face)
+    if ok then
+      for _, rung in ipairs({ 5, 3 }) do
+        Pipelines.setLevel("voxel", rung)
+        Pipelines.setLevel("tiltshift", 0)
+        settle()
+        local path = ("%s/%s_r%d.png"):format(ROOT, s.label, rung)
+        game.capturePath = path
+        U.wait(6)
+        local f = io.open(path, "rb")
+        if f then f:close() shots = shots + 1
+        else print("[celtree] capture missed: " .. path) end
+      end
+    else
+      print("[celtree] teleport failed: " .. s.map)
+    end
+  end
+  print(("[celtree] %d shots into %s"):format(shots, ROOT))
+  love.event.quit()
+end

tools/building_voxels.py

@@ -680,6 +680,80 @@ TEMPLATES = {
         roof_rows=28, roof_back=24, roof_front=0, roof_cycle=(2, 23),
         slab=3, front_eave=0, ledge=None, tileset="mansion",
     ),
+    # F07b: the SQUARE table of CELADON_MANSION_1F cells (0,6):(1,7)
+    # (1 placement) -- the long table (F07) at two cells wide, the same
+    # drawing to the tile everywhere but the interior column count, and
+    # the same read to the row: 0-23 the tabletop seen from above, 24-26
+    # the slab's black/#555/black front edge, 27 the #555 shadow that
+    # closes it (slab = 3, folded into the band), 28-30 the base with the
+    # legs stopping one row short of the grid. Family numbers unchanged.
+    "mansion_square_table": dict(
+        tiles=[
+            [38, 39, 39, 41],
+            [54, 55, 55, 57],
+            [54, 55, 55, 57],
+            [60, 58, 58, 59],
+        ],
+        roof_rows=28, roof_back=24, roof_front=0, roof_cycle=(2, 23),
+        slab=3, front_eave=0, ledge=None, tileset="mansion",
+    ),
+    # F07c: the Game Freak office's computer desk -- CELADON_MANSION_2F
+    # cell (0,5) and CELADON_MANSION_3F cells (0,3), (3,3) and (0,6)
+    # (4 placements, scan.lua, and the four ids of its apron and chair
+    # row occur nowhere else on this atlas).
+    #
+    # Rows 0-15 are BILL'S DESK, byte for byte: the same tabletop seen
+    # from above with the same terminal, cord and isometric computer
+    # drawn into it (a whole-crop diff against the interior atlas's
+    # 11/12/13/14 + 27/28/29/30 comes back empty for every one of the
+    # 512 pixels). One drawing = one model, so those four parts are
+    # bills_desk's verbatim -- see that entry for the readings.
+    #
+    # Only the FRONT differs, and it is drawn 6 rows where Bill's is 7:
+    #   15      the top's own black front edge -- the row the lid
+    #           replaces, so it opens the fascia the way Bill's row 16
+    #           does and the desk stands 7 voxels rather than 8
+    #   16-17   the #555 edge lip and the black seam under it: the
+    #           desktop's own rim, so `fascia` (it wraps every side)
+    #   18-21   the base -- the left leg (the @#@ at x0-x2), the open
+    #           apron between, and the DRAWER PEDESTAL at x20-x31: two
+    #           #555 drawer fronts (rows 16-17 and 19-20) in a black
+    #           frame, which the measured recess pass sinks a voxel
+    #           each because they are non-black regions sealed behind
+    #           their own black outline. Row 21 is the ground line, and
+    #           the measured 22 is where the drawing puts the cast
+    #           shadow on the floor -- 22-23 are that shadow, dithered
+    #           floor in the walkable cell, and the model builds none
+    #           of it.
+    # The chair is Bill's chair REDRAWN, not the same pixels (a 2px
+    # white margin round the backrest panel where Bill's has 1px, and
+    # it sits at x4-x15 rather than x2-x13), but the same object band
+    # for band, so it takes that part table with x and rise adjusted:
+    # rows 20-21 the backrest top seen from above, 22-31 its elevation,
+    # rise = -7 putting it back on the floor, z 22 depth 10.
+    "mansion_computer_desk": dict(
+        tiles=[
+            [36, 37, 52, 53],
+            [64, 65, 66, 67],
+            [2, 3, 85, 86],
+            [18, 19, 17, 17],
+        ],
+        roof_rows=0, roof_back=0, roof_front=0, roof_cycle=(0, 0),
+        slab=0, front_eave=0, ledge=None, tileset="mansion", depth=4,
+        # the desk's own plot is its two cells; the grid runs on because
+        # its apron and the CHAIR share tiles 2/3
+        desk=dict(fascia=(15, 17), base=(18, 21), depth=2),
+        parts=[
+            dict(kind="flat", x=(2, 15), rows=(3, 7)),       # the notes
+            dict(kind="upright", x=(4, 15), top=(8, 12), facade=(12, 13),
+                 z=8, depth=6),                              # the keyboard
+            dict(kind="upright", x=(16, 19), top=(8, 8), facade=(8, 9),
+                 z=8, depth=2),                              # the cord
+            dict(kind="iso", x=(19, 30), rows=(1, 13), plan=6, z=9),
+            dict(kind="upright", x=(4, 15), top=(20, 21), facade=(22, 31),
+                 rise=-7, z=22, depth=10),                   # the chair
+        ],
+    ),
     # F08: the dining table of the generic town house -- 18 placements,
     # every home's cells (3,3):(4,4) -- the chief's long table (F07) at
     # two cells wide. The same read to the row: 0-23 the rounded
@@ -853,6 +927,79 @@ TEMPLATES = {
                  z=3, depth=11, stretch=True),                # the stool
         ],
     ),
+    # F09 on the lobby atlas: the Celadon department store's stools --
+    # the diner's chairs, the roof terrace's, the Game Corner's six
+    # rows and the four on 1F (58 placements). A DIFFERENT drawing from
+    # the house stool -- it sits one row HIGHER in the tile (seat top
+    # rows 4-9 over front edge 10 and legs 11-14, with a clear floor
+    # row below) and its leg detail differs -- but the same object band
+    # for band, so it takes the same part table with the bands shifted
+    # up one row. The measured ground line (15 here, 16 in the house)
+    # shifts with them, so the stand is the same 5 voxels.
+    "diner_stool": dict(
+        tiles=[
+            [7, 8],
+            [23, 24],
+        ],
+        roof_rows=0, roof_back=0, roof_front=0, roof_cycle=(0, 0),
+        slab=0, front_eave=0, ledge=None, tileset="lobby",
+        panes=False,
+        parts=[
+            dict(kind="upright", x=(2, 13), top=(4, 9), facade=(10, 14),
+                 z=3, depth=11, stretch=True),                # the stool
+        ],
+    ),
+    # F11: the ROUND TABLE of the Celadon diner and the roof terrace --
+    # 4 placements, all on the lobby atlas (CELADON_DINER cells (0,2)
+    # and (0,5), CELADON_MART_ROOF (4,2) and (8,4); scan
+    # "9,39,39,25;54,55,55,57;70,55,55,71;85,86,87,55", no matches on
+    # any other atlas). The drawing packs three facings no band split
+    # can reach: rows 0-23 are the OCTAGONAL top seen from above (24
+    # top-view rows = 24 depth rows, the same 1:1 every tabletop is
+    # drawn with -- so the plan is the silhouette itself, 32 wide by 24
+    # deep), rows 24-25 the slab's own fascia (#555 over black, folded
+    # down the rim under the band's drawn outline -> slab 3), and rows
+    # 26-31 the PEDESTAL seen under the front edge: the base's top
+    # surface with the dark column rising from its middle (26-27), its
+    # lit south half (28-29), and its front arc curving to the floor
+    # (30-31). The flattened arcs are horizontal CIRCLES seen from
+    # above -- depth, not narrowing -- so the pedestal is two discs:
+    # base diameter 16 (drawn cols 8-23), column diameter 6 (the dark
+    # blob's cols 13-18), both centred on the drawn centre x=16, plan
+    # centre z=12. MEASURED: plan, diameters, centre, slab 3. AUTHORED:
+    # tabletop plane 8 -- counter height, developer-tuned (the first
+    # cut stood it at the flat compromise's 16px and it read too tall)
+    # -- plus base height 2 and the 3-voxel column between (the
+    # projection cannot state either; the drawn base arc suggests a
+    # low disc). depth 3 keeps the plot to the drawn plan's 24 rows;
+    # the grid's 4th tile row is the pedestal's own drawing and the
+    # floor tile at its southeast corner, which the claim paints as
+    # ground. `scrub` repoints the top's interior field -- the four
+    # $37 tiles, which are ALSO the checkerboard floor's light half
+    # and carry the floor's palette in a colorized atlas -- at the
+    # same grey sourced from the rim's own field, so the whole top
+    # wears the table's palette (the drawn field there is uniform
+    # grey; nothing drawn is lost).
+    "diner_round_table": dict(
+        tiles=[
+            [9, 39, 39, 25],
+            [54, 55, 55, 57],
+            [70, 55, 55, 71],
+            [85, 86, 87, 55],
+        ],
+        roof_rows=0, roof_back=0, roof_front=0, roof_cycle=(0, 0),
+        slab=0, front_eave=0, ledge=None, tileset="lobby", depth=3,
+        panes=False, scrub=[(8, 8, 23, 23)],
+        parts=[
+            dict(kind="disc", cx2=32, cz2=24, r=8, rise=0, h=2,
+                 side=dict(rows=(30, 31), x=(13, 18)),
+                 cap=dict(rows=(26, 29), x=(9, 22))),          # the base
+            dict(kind="disc", cx2=32, cz2=24, r=3, rise=2, h=3,
+                 side=dict(rows=(26, 27), x=(14, 17))),        # the column
+            dict(kind="plan", x=(0, 31), rows=(0, 23),
+                 fascia=(24, 25), fascia_x=(8, 23), rise=5),   # the top
+        ],
+    ),
     # F04: the Pokemon Center's PC -- every Center's northeast corner
     # (11 placements) plus the Indigo Plateau lobby, whose MART tileset
     # shares this atlas. The lab desk-set read again: a
@@ -1246,6 +1393,22 @@ def profile(sp, t):
     wall_h = ground - t["roof_rows"]
     ytop = wall_h - 1 + t["slab"]
 
+    # The row a column's roof SURFACE may sink to. `top[x]` is the
+    # silhouette cap -- the black the drawing closes its shape with -- and
+    # the depth map spends most of a tapered column's depth above it, so a
+    # clamp onto `top[x]` paints that one outline pixel across the slope
+    # and the courses beat against it. The surface belongs on the first
+    # PAINTED row instead, which is the same thing the side faces already
+    # do when the drawing's own pixel is the outline.
+    surface_top = []
+    for x in range(W):
+        y = top[x]
+        while (y < t["roof_rows"] and inside(x, y)
+               and sp["col"][y][x] == BLACK):
+            y += 1
+        surface_top.append(y if y < t["roof_rows"] and inside(x, y)
+                           else top[x])
+
     # Recesses: the panes the art seals behind a black frame. Non-black
     # pixels of the facade split into components across the black outline;
     # a component small enough to be a window or a doorway sinks one voxel.
@@ -1287,7 +1450,8 @@ def profile(sp, t):
     # Depth is the PLOT. For a whole-drawing building that is the grid
     # itself; `depth` (in tile rows) names it when the grid runs past the
     # plot onto ground the drawing merely stands its legs on.
-    return dict(top=top, wall_h=wall_h, ytop=ytop, recess=recess,
+    return dict(top=top, surface_top=surface_top,
+                wall_h=wall_h, ytop=ytop, recess=recess,
                 inside=inside,
                 # `depth` names the plot in TILE ROWS, which is the right
                 # grain for a building. `depth_px` names it in voxels, for
@@ -1333,7 +1497,7 @@ def build_desk_set(sp, pr, t):
 
     def build_parts(plane):
         for p in t["parts"]:
-            x0, x1 = p["x"]
+            x0, x1 = p.get("x", (0, W - 1))
             if p["kind"] == "flat":
                 r0, r1 = p["rows"]
                 # `at` names the sheet's own height when it does not lie
@@ -1445,6 +1609,91 @@ def build_desk_set(sp, pr, t):
                             if pr0 <= sy <= pr1 and inside(sx, sy):
                                 put(sx, plane + y, z, sx, sy)
                 continue
+            if p["kind"] == "plan":
+                # A PLAN part is a slab whose plan IS the drawn top view:
+                # the band's silhouette becomes the footprint pixel for
+                # pixel (drawn row = depth row, the same 1:1 every
+                # tabletop is drawn with), so an octagonal top stands as
+                # an octagon rather than the box no rectangular band can
+                # escape. The top layer wears the band itself, outline
+                # and all; the rim layers below wear the drawn fascia
+                # rows folded down the edge (x clamped into the drawn
+                # fascia's span), and the slab's unseen interior the
+                # field's dark texel.
+                r0, r1 = p["rows"]
+                f0, f1 = p["fascia"]
+                fx0, fx1 = p["fascia_x"]
+                rise = p.get("rise", 0)
+                h = (f1 - f0 + 1) + 1
+                dark = shade_px.get(DARK) or shade_px[BLACK]
+
+                def drawn(sx, z):
+                    return (x0 <= sx <= x1 and 0 <= z <= r1 - r0
+                            and inside(sx, r0 + z))
+
+                for z in range(r1 - r0 + 1):
+                    if not 0 <= z < D:
+                        continue
+                    sy = r0 + z
+                    for sx in range(x0, x1 + 1):
+                        if not inside(sx, sy):
+                            continue
+                        put(sx, rise + h - 1, z, sx, sy)
+                        edge = not (drawn(sx - 1, z) and drawn(sx + 1, z)
+                                    and drawn(sx, z - 1) and drawn(sx, z + 1))
+                        for y in range(rise, rise + h - 1):
+                            if edge:
+                                put(sx, y, z, max(fx0, min(fx1, sx)),
+                                    f0 + (rise + h - 2 - y))
+                            else:
+                                put(sx, y, z, dark[0], dark[1])
+                continue
+            if p["kind"] == "disc":
+                # A DISC part is ROUND IN PLAN -- the pedestal column
+                # and base the projection can only draw from the front.
+                # Centre and radius are measured off the drawn widths
+                # (a flattened arc is a horizontal circle seen from
+                # above); the circular footprint is synthesized like any
+                # continued geometry, and every voxel still wears the
+                # drawing: the side folds the drawn face-on rows around
+                # the hull (x clamped into the drawn span, rows
+                # repeating up the height), and `cap` lays the drawn
+                # top-view rows over the top layer's interior, drawn
+                # north rows to the plan's north. `cx2`/`cz2` are
+                # DOUBLED plan centres, so an even diameter keeps its
+                # centre between two voxels instead of limping one off.
+                r, rise, h = p["r"], p.get("rise", 0), p["h"]
+                s0, s1 = p["side"]["rows"]
+                sa0, sa1 = p["side"]["x"]
+                sn = s1 - s0 + 1
+                cap = p.get("cap")
+
+                def in_disc(x, z):
+                    dx = 2 * x + 1 - p["cx2"]
+                    dz = 2 * z + 1 - p["cz2"]
+                    return dx * dx + dz * dz <= 4 * r * r
+
+                zlo = (p["cz2"] - 2 * r) // 2
+                for x in range((p["cx2"] - 2 * r) // 2,
+                               (p["cx2"] + 2 * r) // 2 + 1):
+                    for z in range(max(0, zlo),
+                                   min(D - 1, (p["cz2"] + 2 * r) // 2) + 1):
+                        if not in_disc(x, z):
+                            continue
+                        edge = not (in_disc(x - 1, z) and in_disc(x + 1, z)
+                                    and in_disc(x, z - 1)
+                                    and in_disc(x, z + 1))
+                        for y in range(rise, rise + h):
+                            if cap and y == rise + h - 1 and not edge:
+                                c0, c1 = cap["rows"]
+                                sy = min(c1, c0 + ((z - zlo)
+                                                   * (c1 - c0 + 1)) // (2 * r))
+                                sx = max(cap["x"][0], min(cap["x"][1], x))
+                            else:
+                                sy = s0 + (rise + h - 1 - y) % sn
+                                sx = max(sa0, min(sa1, x))
+                            put(x, y, z, sx, sy)
+                continue
             tr0, tr1 = p["top"]
             fr0, fr1 = p["facade"]
             pd = p["depth"]
@@ -1697,6 +1946,29 @@ def build_desk_set(sp, pr, t):
     return vox
 
 
+def roof_surface_row(pr, t):
+    """Which drawn row the roof surface wears at column x, depth z.
+
+    The drawing looks at the roof from the north, so its rows ARE depth: the
+    rims map one row per voxel and the middle cycles a run whose period is
+    the course rhythm. A tapered column's band starts lower down the
+    drawing, and the row it wears is lifted to stay inside it."""
+    z0, z1 = 0, pr["D"] - 1 + t["front_eave"]
+    back, front = t["roof_back"], t["roof_front"]
+    c0, c1 = t["roof_cycle"]
+    rows, floor = t["roof_rows"], pr["surface_top"]
+
+    def depth_row(z):
+        df, db = z - z0, z1 - z             # from the north / the south edge
+        if df < back:
+            return df                       # north rim: the drawing's top rows
+        if db < front:
+            return rows - 1 - db            # south rim: fascia and eave course
+        return c0 + (df - c0) % (c1 - c0 + 1)
+
+    return (lambda x, z: max(depth_row(z), floor[x])), z0, z1
+
+
 def build(sp, pr, t):
     """The voxel model. Order is load-bearing: walls, ledge, recesses, then
     the roof solid overwrites what it intersects and the walls are trimmed
@@ -1775,17 +2047,7 @@ def build(sp, pr, t):
         vox.pop((sx, pr["ground"] - 1 - sy, D - 1), None)
 
     # ---- roof: flat top over the plateau, stepped diagonal ends
-    z0, z1 = 0, D - 1 + t["front_eave"]
-    back, front = t["roof_back"], t["roof_front"]
-    c0, c1 = t["roof_cycle"]
-
-    def roof_sy(z):
-        df, db = z - z0, z1 - z             # from the north / the south edge
-        if df < back:
-            return df                       # north rim: the drawing's top rows
-        if db < front:
-            return t["roof_rows"] - 1 - db  # south rim: fascia and eave course
-        return c0 + (df - c0) % (c1 - c0 + 1)
+    surface_row, z0, z1 = roof_surface_row(pr, t)
 
     shade_px = {}
     for sy in range(H):
@@ -1797,10 +2059,7 @@ def build(sp, pr, t):
         tt = T(x)
         for z in range(z0, z1 + 1):
             outer = x == x0d or x == x1d or z == z0 or z == z1
-            # the slope's texture is the drawing's own: clamping into the
-            # column's first drawn row keeps flank battens running down the
-            # slope instead of falling off the silhouette
-            sy = max(roof_sy(z), pr["top"][x])
+            sy = surface_row(x, z)
             for y in range(tt - slab + 1, tt + 1):
                 if y == tt and not outer:
                     put(x, y, z, x, sy)
@@ -1933,7 +2192,7 @@ def verify_desk_set(vox, pr, t):
     # sink) -- and nothing stands anywhere else
     tops = {}
     for p in t["parts"]:
-        x0, x1 = p["x"]
+        x0, x1 = p.get("x", (0, W - 1))
         if p["kind"] == "flat":
             r0, r1 = p["rows"]
             z0 = p.get("z", r0)
@@ -1979,6 +2238,37 @@ def verify_desk_set(vox, pr, t):
                     for y in range(plane, plane + h + 1):
                         assert (x, y, z) in vox, \
                             f"iso box hole at {x},{y},{z}"
+        elif p["kind"] == "plan":
+            # its one geometric intent: the plan IS the drawn band's
+            # silhouette -- a solid slab column wherever the band draws
+            r0, r1 = p["rows"]
+            h = (p["fascia"][1] - p["fascia"][0] + 1) + 1
+            rise = p.get("rise", 0)
+            for x in range(x0, x1 + 1):
+                for z in range(min(r1 - r0 + 1, D)):
+                    if not pr["inside"](x, r0 + z):
+                        continue
+                    tops[(x, z)] = max(tops.get((x, z), 0), rise + h - 1)
+                    for y in range(rise, rise + h):
+                        assert (x, y, z) in vox, \
+                            f"plan slab hole at {x},{y},{z}"
+        elif p["kind"] == "disc":
+            # its one geometric intent: a solid circle in plan at every
+            # layer, symmetric about the authored centre
+            r, rise, h = p["r"], p.get("rise", 0), p["h"]
+            in_disc = lambda x, z: ((2 * x + 1 - p["cx2"]) ** 2
+                                    + (2 * z + 1 - p["cz2"]) ** 2
+                                    <= 4 * r * r)
+            for x in range((p["cx2"] - 2 * r) // 2,
+                           (p["cx2"] + 2 * r) // 2 + 1):
+                for z in range(D):
+                    if not in_disc(x, z):
+                        continue
+                    assert in_disc(p["cx2"] - 1 - x, z), \
+                        f"disc asymmetric at {x},{z}"
+                    tops[(x, z)] = max(tops.get((x, z), 0), rise + h - 1)
+                    for y in range(rise, rise + h):
+                        assert (x, y, z) in vox, f"disc hole at {x},{y},{z}"
         else:
             fr0, fr1 = p["facade"]
             ytp = plane + p.get("rise", 0) + (fr1 - fr0)
@@ -2043,6 +2333,19 @@ def verify_roof(vox, pr, t):
         # drawing's own corner rounding
         assert all(ytop - v <= 1 for v in prof), "the flat roof is not level"
 
+    # The surface is surface, not outline. `top[x]` is the column's own
+    # silhouette cap -- the black the drawing closes the shape with, the
+    # same black measure() already refuses to let stand as a wall's side
+    # face -- so a surface that samples it promotes a boundary decoration
+    # into texture. A tapered column's cap sits well down the band, where
+    # the depth map spends most of the roof's depth above it.
+    surface_row, sz0, sz1 = roof_surface_row(pr, t)
+    for x in roofed[1:-1]:
+        for z in range(sz0 + 1, sz1):
+            assert surface_row(x, z) != top[x], \
+                f"roof surface wears the silhouette cap at {x},{z} " \
+                f"(row {top[x]})"
+
     # every wall column carries roof over it -- and a column the roof never
     # reaches carries nothing at all, rather than being silently trimmed away
     over = set(roofed)

tools/stadium_pack.py

@@ -0,0 +1,572 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""Pack the Pokemon Stadium battle models into the mod's own .dsm format.
+
+    tools/stadium_pack.py [--rom=PATH] [--out=assets/stadium]
+                          [--only=25,6] [--report]
+
+Reads the ROM directly, through model_extract/pipeline -- the same modules,
+in the same order, that lib/StadiumRom.lua and lib/StadiumFragment.lua port to
+Lua so the mod can do this itself at runtime with no Python and no checked-in
+extract.  That parallel is the point of this tool now: it is the ORACLE the
+Lua extractor is verified against (tests/stadium_extract_test.lua diffs all
+151 files byte for byte), so anything that changes the bytes has to change on
+both sides or the suite says so.
+
+The output is one file per species, `NNN.dsm`, holding geometry, the bone
+tree, every animation, the textures and the battle system's own slot tables
+(which animation each move plays, and which one each battle context asks
+for).  Nothing here is decoded at runtime beyond byte order: lib/
+StadiumPack.lua walks these files straight into arrays.
+
+Textures are stored as RAW RGBA8 rather than PNG, which is why the magic is
+DSM3.  Two reasons, and the second is the one that decided it.  A PNG costs a
+decode on the frame a battle starts, where an ImageData over the bytes costs
+nothing.  And PNG means zlib: Python's deflate and LOVE's are both valid and
+need not agree byte for byte, so a packed PNG would make this file impossible
+to check the Lua extractor against.  Uncompressed pixels are the same pixels
+whoever wrote them.
+
+Everything is little-endian, so the reader's byte pairs go (low, high).
+
+    header
+      "DSM3"                                        magic
+      u16   species, bones, prims, textures, anims, auxAnims
+      f32   rootScale                               the model_root's own scale
+      u8    staticPose                              1 = never animate
+      f32   height, floor, radius                   the bind pose's extent,
+                                                    in GAME units after
+                                                    rootScale -- what the mod
+                                                    sizes a mon on its tile by
+      u16   moveAnim[165]                           move id -> animation
+      i16   moveAux[165]                            move id -> texture anim
+      u16   ctxAnim[20]                             slot 165..184 -> animation
+    bones[]
+      i16   parent (-1 root)
+      i16   t[3]                                    rest translation
+      i16   r[3]                                    rest rotation, binary
+                                                    angles (32768 = pi)
+      i32   s[3]                                    rest scale, 16.16 fixed
+    prims[]
+      u16   texture
+      u8    cull                                    1 = cull back faces
+      u8    blend                                   1 = additive (fx flipbook)
+      i16   texAnimChannel (-1 none)
+      u8    texMapN, then texMapN * (u8 key, u16 texture)
+      u16   fxN, then fxN * u16                     flipbook texture frames
+      u16   verts, indices
+      verts * (i16 x, y, z ; i16 u, v at 1/512 ; i8 nx, ny, nz ; u8 bone)
+      indices * u16
+    textures[]
+      u16   w, h ; u32 length ; length RGBA8 bytes (= w * h * 4)
+    anims[]
+      u8    name length, then the name
+      u16   frames, loopStart ; i16 aux (-1 none)
+      bones * track:
+        u8  1 if this bone is animated at all, else 0
+        when animated, nine components in order tx ty tz rx ry rz sx sy sz,
+        each   u8 kind (0 constant, 1 one value a frame)
+               then 1 or `frames` values -- i16 for t and r, i32 16.16 for s
+    auxAnims[]
+      u16   frames, loopStart, channels
+      channels * (u16 length, then that many u16 texture-table indices)
+
+Stdlib only, like the extraction pipeline it drives.
+"""
+
+import math
+import os
+import struct
+import sys
+
+HERE = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
+MOD = os.path.dirname(HERE)
+PIPELINE = os.path.join(MOD, 'model_extract', 'pipeline')
+sys.path.insert(0, PIPELINE)
+
+import battle          # noqa: E402  (needs PIPELINE on the path first)
+import build           # noqa: E402
+import fragment        # noqa: E402
+import rom as rom_mod  # noqa: E402
+
+# The battle system's fixed context slots, in slot order from 165.  Names are
+# manifest.json's own (animationSlots); the mod indexes this list by position,
+# so the ORDER is the contract and must match lib/StadiumPack.lua's CONTEXT.
+CONTEXTS = [
+    'idle', 'attack_default', 'faint', 'entrance', 'reaction_169', 'reaction_170',
+    'reaction_171', 'reaction_172', 'reaction_173', 'reaction_174',
+    'struggle', 'idle_alt', 'faint_alt', 'flinch', 'reaction_179',
+    'reaction_180', 'reaction_181', 'reaction_182', 'entrance_alt',
+    'idle_return',
+]
+
+N_MOVES = 165
+NONE16 = 0xFFFF
+
+# How many battle Pokemon the model archive holds, and where the fixed context
+# slots start in a species' battle table (entries 0..164 are the moves).
+N_POKEMON = 151
+CTX_BASE = 165
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------- bind extent
+
+def quat_basis(r):
+    """The game's rotation as a 3x3, rows first (src/F420.c func_8000F730).
+
+    Rx*Ry*Rz in row-vector form -- the same basis model_extract/pipeline/
+    glb.py converts to a quaternion, kept as a matrix here because that is
+    what the runtime builds too.
+    """
+    sx, cx = math.sin(r[0] / 32768 * math.pi), math.cos(r[0] / 32768 * math.pi)
+    sy, cy = math.sin(r[1] / 32768 * math.pi), math.cos(r[1] / 32768 * math.pi)
+    sz, cz = math.sin(r[2] / 32768 * math.pi), math.cos(r[2] / 32768 * math.pi)
+    return ((cy * cz, sx * sy * cz - cx * sz, cx * sy * cz + sx * sz),
+            (cy * sz, sx * sy * sz + cx * cz, cx * sy * sz - sx * cz),
+            (-sy, sx * cy, cx * cy))
+
+
+def mat_mul(a, b):
+    """3x4 (rotation rows plus a translation column) times the same."""
+    out = []
+    for r in range(3):
+        row = []
+        for c in range(3):
+            row.append(sum(a[r][k] * b[k][c] for k in range(3)))
+        row.append(sum(a[r][k] * b[k][3] for k in range(3)) + a[r][3])
+        out.append(tuple(row))
+    return tuple(out)
+
+
+def rest_sample(bones):
+    def sample(i):
+        b = bones[i]
+        return b['t'], b['r'], b['s']
+    return sample
+
+
+def anim_sample(bones, anim, frame):
+    """The bone TRS this animation holds at `frame`, rest where it is silent."""
+    tracks = anim['tracks']
+
+    def component(comps, i, fallback):
+        if comps is None:
+            return fallback
+        c = comps[i]
+        if isinstance(c, list):
+            return c[frame % len(c)] if c else fallback
+        return c
+
+    def sample(i):
+        b = bones[i]
+        tr = tracks[i] if i < len(tracks) else None
+        if not tr:
+            return b['t'], b['r'], b['s']
+        return ([component(tr.get('t'), k, b['t'][k]) for k in range(3)],
+                [component(tr.get('r'), k, b['r'][k]) for k in range(3)],
+                [component(tr.get('s'), k, b['s'][k]) for k in range(3)])
+    return sample
+
+
+def bind_matrices(bones, sample=None):
+    """Every bone's draw matrix at one instant, as 3x4 rows.
+
+    The game keeps bone scale out of the matrix chain: it accumulates in its
+    own stack, a bone's local translation is pre-multiplied by the PARENT's
+    accumulated scale, and the bone's own accumulated scale is applied to the
+    finished matrix at draw time.  This is that, and it is the same walk
+    lib/StadiumRig.lua does per frame.
+
+    Two chains, and the distinction is the whole point: `pivot` is the
+    rotation/translation chain a CHILD inherits, and the draw matrix is that
+    with the bone's own accumulated scale applied on the right.  Folding the
+    scale into the chain instead would apply every ancestor's scale twice --
+    which is exactly the multiplicative propagation glTF has and the game
+    does not (see model_extract/README.md's two-node export).
+    """
+    sample = sample or rest_sample(bones)
+    pivot, draw, acc = [], [], []
+    for i, b in enumerate(bones):
+        bt, br, bs = sample(i)
+        p = b['parent']
+        pa = acc[p] if p >= 0 else (1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
+        pm = pivot[p] if p >= 0 else ((1, 0, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0, 0), (0, 0, 1, 0))
+        t = [bt[i2] * pa[i2] for i2 in range(3)]
+        rot = quat_basis(br)
+        local = tuple((rot[r][0], rot[r][1], rot[r][2], t[r]) for r in range(3))
+        m = mat_mul(pm, local)
+        a = tuple(pa[i2] * bs[i2] for i2 in range(3))
+        acc.append(a)
+        pivot.append(m)
+        # scale on the right: the bone's own space, so it cannot reach children
+        draw.append(tuple((m[r][0] * a[0], m[r][1] * a[1], m[r][2] * a[2],
+                           m[r][3]) for r in range(3)))
+    return draw
+
+
+def pose_box(data, mats):
+    """The axis-aligned box the whole model occupies under `mats`, in game
+    units after the model_root scale."""
+    root = data['rootScale'][0]
+    lo = [1e30, 1e30, 1e30]
+    hi = [-1e30, -1e30, -1e30]
+    for prim in data['prims']:
+        pos, skin = prim['pos'], prim['skin']
+        for i in range(len(skin)):
+            m = mats[skin[i]]
+            x, y, z = pos[i * 3], pos[i * 3 + 1], pos[i * 3 + 2]
+            for a in range(3):
+                v = (m[a][0] * x + m[a][1] * y + m[a][2] * z + m[a][3]) * root
+                lo[a] = min(lo[a], v)
+                hi[a] = max(hi[a], v)
+    return lo, hi
+
+
+def stance(data):
+    """(height, floor, radius): how tall the mon is, where its lowest point
+    sits relative to the model's own origin, and how wide it is -- all in
+    game units after the model_root scale.
+
+    Measured on the BIND POSE, which is the one pose in the set that can be
+    trusted for this.  Two things recommend it.  It reproduces the verified
+    glTF export bit for bit on all 151 species, so it is measuring the same
+    skeleton the reference implementation agreed with; and it does not move
+    with the animations, so no single clip's excursion decides how big every
+    other frame of that species is drawn.
+
+    The floor is the interesting number, and it reads cleanly: 119 of the
+    151 sit within 5% of zero, which says the model origin IS where the game
+    stands a Pokemon on its field.  Every species that does not is one that
+    hovers -- Zubat, Magnemite and Geodude float above their origin,
+    Tentacruel, Gastly, Haunter, Weezing and Zapdos hang below it.  What the
+    mod does with that is a placement decision and lives in StadiumMon.
+    """
+    lo, hi = pose_box(data, bind_matrices(data['bones']))
+    if lo[0] > hi[0]:
+        return 0.0, 0.0, 0.0
+    return hi[1] - lo[1], lo[1], max(hi[0] - lo[0], hi[2] - lo[2]) / 2
+
+
+def idle_is_broken(data, idle):
+    """Whether this species' standby loop is corrupt as extracted.
+
+    No species trips this today.  Exeggutor, Tangela and Magmar used to:
+    their animations are hermite keyframes (flags & 8), the extractor read
+    the flags byte at +0 -- the always-zero high half of the u16 -- and
+    decoded keyframe tables as packed streams, which threw bones hundreds
+    of units off the body.  The detector stays as the guard against the
+    next extraction bug: played, a broken idle looks like a Pokemon coming
+    apart, and the mod would rather show the sprite fallback.
+
+    The test is deliberately narrow, because "differs from the bind pose" is
+    NOT brokenness.  It is asked only of the STANDBY loop, which is the one
+    animation that is supposed to stay where it is -- a faint is meant to
+    end far from the standing pose and an attack is meant to lunge -- and it
+    wants both a large size blow-up and real drift, or an enormous amount of
+    one.  Dewgong is what calibrates it: its idle is 2.4x its own bind pose
+    because the BIND is the collapsed one, and it drifts barely at all, so
+    it must not be caught.
+    """
+    if idle is None:
+        return False
+    bones = data['bones']
+    lo, hi = pose_box(data, bind_matrices(bones))
+    span = hi[1] - lo[1]
+    if span <= 0:
+        return False
+    worst_h, worst_drift = 1.0, 0.0
+    for frame in range(0, idle['frames'], 3):
+        flo, fhi = pose_box(data, bind_matrices(bones,
+                                                anim_sample(bones, idle, frame)))
+        worst_h = max(worst_h, (fhi[1] - flo[1]) / span)
+        worst_drift = max(worst_drift, abs(flo[1] - lo[1]) / span,
+                          abs(fhi[1] - hi[1]) / span)
+    return ((worst_h > 2.5 and worst_drift > 1.5)
+            or worst_drift > 2.0 or worst_h > 3.4)
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------- write
+
+class Writer:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.parts = []
+
+    def raw(self, b):
+        self.parts.append(b)
+
+    def u8(self, v):
+        self.parts.append(struct.pack('<B', v & 0xFF))
+
+    def u16(self, v):
+        self.parts.append(struct.pack('<H', v & 0xFFFF))
+
+    def i16(self, v):
+        self.parts.append(struct.pack('<h', clamp(int(v), -32768, 32767)))
+
+    def i32(self, v):
+        self.parts.append(struct.pack('<i', clamp(int(v), -2**31, 2**31 - 1)))
+
+    def u32(self, v):
+        self.parts.append(struct.pack('<I', v))
+
+    def f32(self, v):
+        self.parts.append(struct.pack('<f', v))
+
+    def i8(self, v):
+        self.parts.append(struct.pack('<b', clamp(int(v), -128, 127)))
+
+    def bytes(self):
+        return b''.join(self.parts)
+
+
+def clamp(v, lo, hi):
+    return lo if v < lo else (hi if v > hi else v)
+
+
+def fixed(v):
+    """16.16, which holds every bone scale in the set (-31 .. 100) exactly
+    enough that a rounded one is invisible."""
+    return clamp(int(round(v * 65536)), -2**31, 2**31 - 1)
+
+
+def write_track_component(w, values, kind):
+    """One component of one bone's t/r/s in one animation.
+
+    `values` is the js payload's own shape: a bare number when the component
+    holds still for the whole animation, or one number a frame when it does
+    not.  That fold is where most of the size saving is -- a bone that only
+    rotates costs two bytes for each of its six other components.
+    """
+    array = isinstance(values, list)
+    w.u8(1 if array else 0)
+    seq = values if array else [values]
+    if kind == 's':
+        for v in seq:
+            w.i32(fixed(v))
+    else:
+        for v in seq:
+            w.i16(int(round(v)))
+
+
+def context_table(rows, n_anims):
+    """Which animation each fixed battle context slot resolves to.
+
+    Entries 165 upward of the species' own battle table, in slot order, which
+    is exactly what CONTEXTS lists.  An entry naming an animation the species
+    does not have is written as "none" rather than clamped: the mod would
+    rather fall back than play the wrong clip.
+    """
+    ctx = [NONE16] * len(CONTEXTS)
+    for i in range(len(CONTEXTS)):
+        e = CTX_BASE + i
+        ai = rows[e][0] if e < len(rows) else None
+        if ai is not None and ai < n_anims:
+            ctx[i] = ai
+    return ctx
+
+
+def pack(data, species, move_rows, ctx):
+    w = Writer()
+    bones, prims = data['bones'], data['prims']
+    textures, anims, aux = data['textures'], data['anims'], data['auxAnims']
+
+    height, floor, radius = stance(data)
+
+    idle_index = ctx[CONTEXTS.index('idle')]
+    idle = anims[idle_index] if idle_index != NONE16 else None
+    static = idle_is_broken(data, idle)
+
+    w.raw(b'DSM3')
+    for v in (species, len(bones), len(prims), len(textures), len(anims),
+              len(aux)):
+        w.u16(v)
+    w.f32(data['rootScale'][0])
+    # 1 = hold the bind pose, never play an animation (see idle_is_broken).
+    # Immediately after rootScale, which is where the format table above says
+    # it is and where lib/StadiumPack.lua reads it.
+    w.u8(1 if static else 0)
+    w.f32(height)
+    w.f32(floor)
+    w.f32(radius)
+
+    rows = move_rows or []
+    for m in range(N_MOVES):
+        row = rows[m] if m < len(rows) else None
+        w.u16(row[0] if row and row[0] < len(anims) else NONE16)
+    for m in range(N_MOVES):
+        row = rows[m] if m < len(rows) else None
+        w.i16(row[1] if row and 0 <= row[1] < len(aux) else -1)
+    for v in ctx:
+        w.u16(v)
+
+    for b in bones:
+        w.i16(b['parent'])
+        for v in b['t']:
+            w.i16(round(v))
+        for v in b['r']:
+            w.i16(v)
+        for v in b['s']:
+            w.i32(fixed(v))
+
+    for p in prims:
+        w.u16(p['tex'])
+        # the display list's own cull mode: 1024 is G_CULL_BACK
+        w.u8(1 if p.get('cull') else 0)
+        w.u8(1 if p.get('blend') == 'add' else 0)
+        w.i16(p.get('texAnim', -1))
+        tex_map = p.get('texMap') or {}
+        w.u8(len(tex_map))
+        for key, tex in sorted(tex_map.items(), key=lambda kv: int(kv[0])):
+            w.u8(int(key))
+            w.u16(tex)
+        frames = p.get('fxFrames') or []
+        w.u16(len(frames))
+        for f in frames:
+            w.u16(f)
+        pos, uv, nrm, skin, idx = (p['pos'], p['uv'], p['nrm'], p['skin'],
+                                   p['idx'])
+        n = len(skin)
+        w.u16(n)
+        w.u16(len(idx))
+        for i in range(n):
+            w.i16(pos[i * 3])
+            w.i16(pos[i * 3 + 1])
+            w.i16(pos[i * 3 + 2])
+            # 1/512, which puts a texel of the largest texture in the set
+            # well inside a step and still reaches the +-32 the wrapped
+            # coordinates of some display lists run to
+            w.i16(round(uv[i * 2] * 512))
+            w.i16(round(uv[i * 2 + 1] * 512))
+            w.i8(round(nrm[i * 3] * 127))
+            w.i8(round(nrm[i * 3 + 1] * 127))
+            w.i8(round(nrm[i * 3 + 2] * 127))
+            w.u8(skin[i])
+        for v in idx:
+            w.u16(v)
+
+    for t in textures:
+        rgba = t['rgba']
+        w.u16(t['w'])
+        w.u16(t['h'])
+        w.u32(len(rgba))
+        w.raw(rgba)
+
+    for a in anims:
+        name = (a.get('name') or '')[:255].encode('utf8')
+        w.u8(len(name))
+        w.raw(name)
+        w.u16(a['frames'])
+        w.u16(a.get('loopStart', 0))
+        w.i16(a.get('aux', -1))
+        tracks = a['tracks']
+        for bi in range(len(bones)):
+            tr = tracks[bi] if bi < len(tracks) else None
+            if not tr:
+                w.u8(0)
+                continue
+            w.u8(1)
+            for key in ('t', 'r', 's'):
+                comps = tr.get(key)
+                if comps is None:
+                    # a bone the animation leaves at its rest value for this
+                    # path: written as three constants so the reader never
+                    # has to branch on a missing path
+                    rest = {'t': [0, 0, 0], 'r': [0, 0, 0],
+                            's': [1.0, 1.0, 1.0]}[key]
+                    src = bones[bi][key] if key in bones[bi] else rest
+                    comps = list(src)
+                for c in comps:
+                    write_track_component(w, c, key)
+
+    for a in aux:
+        w.u16(a['frames'])
+        w.u16(a.get('loopStart', 0))
+        chans = a['channels']
+        w.u16(len(chans))
+        for ch in chans:
+            w.u16(len(ch))
+            for v in ch:
+                w.u16(v)
+
+    return w.bytes(), (height, floor, radius)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------- main
+
+def build_one(blob, fileno, tables, moves):
+    """One model fragment -> the payload `pack` takes.
+
+    The same three steps build.py takes for a Pokemon, in the same order:
+    parse the fragment, label the animations off the species' battle table,
+    then hang the generated fire/gas stand-ins on the bones the game's own
+    effect callbacks hang off.
+    """
+    data = fragment.extract(blob, '%d.bin' % fileno, raw=True)
+    species = data['species']
+    rows = tables.rows(species)
+    build.label_animations(data, rows, moves)
+    build.attach_effects(data, species, raw=True)
+    data['name'] = battle.SPECIES.get(species, '#%d' % species)
+    return data, species, rows
+
+
+def main(argv):
+    args = {a.split('=')[0]: (a.split('=', 1)[1] if '=' in a else True)
+            for a in argv}
+    out = args.get('--out') or os.path.join(MOD, 'assets', 'stadium')
+    only = ({int(x) for x in args['--only'].split(',')}
+            if '--only' in args else None)
+
+    rom_path = args.get('--rom') or build.find_rom()
+    if not rom_path or not os.path.exists(rom_path):
+        print('ROM not found. Put a Pokemon Stadium (US 1.0) ROM at\n  %s\n'
+              'or pass --rom=PATH.'
+              % os.path.join(build.BASEROMS, 'baserom.z64'), file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+
+    rom = rom_mod.Rom(rom_path)
+    if not rom.is_expected_us:
+        print('warning: md5 %s is not the expected US 1.0 ROM' % rom.md5,
+              file=sys.stderr)
+    blobs = rom_mod.pokemon_models(rom)
+    tables = battle.BattleTables(rom)
+    moves = battle.load_move_names(os.path.join(MOD, 'model_extract'))
+
+    os.makedirs(out, exist_ok=True)
+    total, report, statics = 0, [], []
+    for fileno in range(min(N_POKEMON, len(blobs))):
+        data, species, rows = build_one(blobs[fileno], fileno, tables, moves)
+        if only and species not in only:
+            continue
+        move_rows = [[rows[m][0], rows[m][1]] for m in range(N_MOVES)]
+        blob, extent = pack(data, species, move_rows,
+                            context_table(rows, len(data['anims'])))
+        if blob[4 + 12 + 4] == 1:
+            statics.append(species)
+        path = os.path.join(out, '%03d.dsm' % species)
+        with open(path, 'wb') as fp:
+            fp.write(blob)
+        total += len(blob)
+        report.append((species, data['name'], len(blob), extent,
+                       len(data['bones']), len(data['prims']),
+                       len(data['anims'])))
+
+    print('%d models, %.1f MB -> %s' % (len(report), total / 1e6, out))
+    if statics:
+        print('held at the bind pose (corrupt standby loop in the source): %s'
+              % ', '.join(str(x) for x in statics))
+    if '--report' in args:
+        report.sort(key=lambda r: -r[3][0])
+        print('%-4s %-12s %9s %8s %8s %6s %6s %5s'
+              % ('#', 'name', 'bytes', 'height', 'floor', 'bones', 'prims',
+                 'anims'))
+        for r in report[:10] + report[-5:]:
+            print('%-4d %-12s %9d %8.2f %8.2f %6d %6d %5d'
+                  % (r[0], r[1], r[2], r[3][0], r[3][1], r[4], r[5], r[6]))
+        heights = sorted(r[3][0] for r in report)
+        print('height: min %.2f  median %.2f  max %.2f'
+              % (heights[0], heights[len(heights) // 2], heights[-1]))
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    sys.exit(main(sys.argv[1:]))