Merge pull request #1460 from bryanthaboi/dev

2026-08-19 04:06:10 +02:00 · 2026-08-16 22:28:20 -04:00
parent 114352b75f a5b674f9da
commit 69100301a1
84 changed files with 3867 additions and 527 deletions
@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@
      android:allowBackup="true"
      android:icon="@drawable/love"
      android:label="${NAME}" >
+    <meta-data
+        android:name="android.allow_multiple_resumed_activities"
+        android:value="true" />
    <activity
        android:name="org.love2d.android.GameActivity"
        android:exported="true"
@@ -49,5 +52,15 @@
        <action android:name="android.hardware.usb.action.USB_DEVICE_ATTACHED" />
      </intent-filter>
    </activity>
+    <activity
+        android:name="org.love2d.android.GameActivity$SecondaryActivity"
+        android:configChanges="orientation|screenSize|smallestScreenSize|screenLayout|keyboard|keyboardHidden|navigation"
+        android:excludeFromRecents="true"
+        android:exported="false"
+        android:launchMode="singleTask"
+        android:resizeableActivity="false"
+        android:screenOrientation="${ORIENTATION}"
+        android:taskAffinity="${applicationId}.secondary"
+        android:theme="@android:style/Theme.NoTitleBar.Fullscreen" />
  </application>
 </manifest>
@@ -325,6 +325,55 @@ bool httpDownload(const char *url, const char *destPath, const char *userAgent,
 	return result;
 }

+bool httpPost(const char *url, const char *body, int bodyLen, const char *contentType, const char *userAgent)
+{
+	if (url == nullptr || body == nullptr || bodyLen < 0)
+		return false;
+
+	JNIEnv *env = (JNIEnv*) SDL_AndroidGetJNIEnv();
+	// Same resolution rule as httpDownload: the activity's own class via
+	// SDL_AndroidGetActivity, never FindClass -- this bridge is called off
+	// the main thread (love.thread workers), whose class loader cannot see
+	// app classes.
+	jobject activityObj = (jobject) SDL_AndroidGetActivity();
+	if (activityObj == nullptr)
+		return false;
+	jclass activity = env->GetObjectClass(activityObj);
+	env->DeleteLocalRef(activityObj);
+
+	// Old APK / new liblove skew: report "no transport" the same way a
+	// missing curl does, instead of aborting on a missing method (#597).
+	jmethodID method = env->GetStaticMethodID(activity, "httpPost",
+		"(Ljava/lang/String;[BLjava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)Z");
+	if (method == nullptr)
+	{
+		env->ExceptionClear();
+		env->DeleteLocalRef(activity);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	jstring jurl = env->NewStringUTF(url);
+	// raw bytes across the bridge: a log ring can carry arbitrary UTF-8,
+	// and a jstring would run it through modified UTF-8
+	jbyteArray jbody = env->NewByteArray(bodyLen);
+	if (jbody != nullptr)
+		env->SetByteArrayRegion(jbody, 0, bodyLen, (const jbyte*) body);
+	jstring jct = contentType != nullptr ? env->NewStringUTF(contentType) : nullptr;
+	jstring jua = userAgent != nullptr ? env->NewStringUTF(userAgent) : nullptr;
+
+	jboolean result = env->CallStaticBooleanMethod(activity, method, jurl, jbody, jct, jua);
+
+	env->DeleteLocalRef(jurl);
+	if (jbody != nullptr)
+		env->DeleteLocalRef(jbody);
+	if (jct != nullptr)
+		env->DeleteLocalRef(jct);
+	if (jua != nullptr)
+		env->DeleteLocalRef(jua);
+	env->DeleteLocalRef(activity);
+	return result;
+}
+
 /*
 * TLS sockets. Same resolution rule as httpDownload above -- the activity's
 * own class, never FindClass -- and the same tolerance for an old APK: a
@@ -1180,6 +1229,68 @@ void love_android_secondary_enable(int on)
 	env->DeleteLocalRef(activity);
 }

+extern "C" __attribute__((visibility("default")))
+void love_android_secondary_target(int target)
+{
+	JNIEnv *env = (JNIEnv*) SDL_AndroidGetJNIEnv();
+	jclass activity = env->FindClass("org/love2d/android/GameActivity");
+	jmethodID method = env->GetStaticMethodID(activity,
+		"setSecondaryDisplayTarget", "(I)V");
+	if (method)
+		env->CallStaticVoidMethod(activity, method, target);
+	else
+		env->ExceptionClear();
+	env->DeleteLocalRef(activity);
+}
+
+extern "C" __attribute__((visibility("default")))
+int love_android_secondary_detected()
+{
+	JNIEnv *env = (JNIEnv*) SDL_AndroidGetJNIEnv();
+	jclass activity = env->FindClass("org/love2d/android/GameActivity");
+	jmethodID method = env->GetStaticMethodID(activity,
+		"hasSecondaryDisplayCandidate", "()Z");
+	jboolean detected = JNI_FALSE;
+	if (method)
+		detected = env->CallStaticBooleanMethod(activity, method);
+	else
+		env->ExceptionClear();
+	env->DeleteLocalRef(activity);
+	return detected ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+extern "C" __attribute__((visibility("default")))
+int love_android_present_secondary(const void *rgba, int width, int height,
+	unsigned int background, int cover)
+{
+	if (!rgba || width <= 0 || height <= 0)
+		return 0;
+	jlong size = (jlong) width * (jlong) height * 4;
+	if (size <= 0)
+		return 0;
+	JNIEnv *env = (JNIEnv*) SDL_AndroidGetJNIEnv();
+	jclass activity = env->FindClass("org/love2d/android/GameActivity");
+	jmethodID method = env->GetStaticMethodID(activity, "presentSecondaryFrame",
+		"(Ljava/nio/ByteBuffer;IIIZ)Z");
+	if (!method)
+	{
+		env->ExceptionClear();
+		env->DeleteLocalRef(activity);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	jobject frame = env->NewDirectByteBuffer((void *) rgba, size);
+	if (!frame)
+	{
+		env->DeleteLocalRef(activity);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	jboolean shown = env->CallStaticBooleanMethod(activity, method, frame,
+		width, height, (jint) background, cover ? JNI_TRUE : JNI_FALSE);
+	env->DeleteLocalRef(frame);
+	env->DeleteLocalRef(activity);
+	return shown ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
 extern "C" __attribute__((visibility("default")))
 const char *love_android_poll_secondary_touch()
 {
@@ -98,6 +98,14 @@ bool restartApp();
 **/
 bool httpDownload(const char *url, const char *destPath, const char *userAgent, const char *accept);

+/**
+ * Blocking HTTPS POST of a raw byte body (GameActivity.httpPost). The
+ * mirror of httpDownload for mod.postLog log sends, which need POST and
+ * have no curl on Android. contentType / userAgent may be null. Returns
+ * whether the server accepted the send (2xx).
+ **/
+bool httpPost(const char *url, const char *body, int bodyLen, const char *contentType, const char *userAgent);
+
 /**
 * TLS client sockets (GameActivity.tls*, implemented by TlsSocket.java).
 * LuaSocket, which is what LOVE ships, does TCP only, so wss:// is otherwise
@@ -259,6 +259,21 @@ bool System::httpDownload(const char *url, const char *destPath,
 #endif
 }

+bool System::httpPost(const char *url, const char *body, int bodyLen,
+	const char *contentType, const char *userAgent) const
+{
+#ifdef LOVE_ANDROID
+	return love::android::httpPost(url, body, bodyLen, contentType, userAgent);
+#else
+	LOVE_UNUSED(url);
+	LOVE_UNUSED(body);
+	LOVE_UNUSED(bodyLen);
+	LOVE_UNUSED(contentType);
+	LOVE_UNUSED(userAgent);
+	return false;
+#endif
+}
+
 int System::tlsOpen(const char *host, int port) const
 {
 #ifdef LOVE_ANDROID
@@ -151,6 +151,14 @@ public:
 	virtual bool httpDownload(const char *url, const char *destPath,
 		const char *userAgent = nullptr, const char *accept = nullptr) const;

+	/**
+	 * Blocking HTTPS POST of a raw byte body (Android only; false
+	 * elsewhere). The mirror of httpDownload for mod.postLog log sends,
+	 * which need POST and have no curl on Android (#597).
+	 **/
+	virtual bool httpPost(const char *url, const char *body, int bodyLen,
+		const char *contentType = nullptr, const char *userAgent = nullptr) const;
+
 	/**
 	 * TLS client sockets (Android only; every call fails elsewhere, where
 	 * LuaSec or another provider is the answer). Non-blocking by contract:
@@ -139,6 +139,17 @@ int w_httpDownload(lua_State *L)
 	return 1;
 }

+int w_httpPost(lua_State *L)
+{
+	const char *url = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+	size_t bodyLen = 0;
+	const char *body = luaL_checklstring(L, 2, &bodyLen);
+	const char *ct = luaL_optstring(L, 3, nullptr);
+	const char *ua = luaL_optstring(L, 4, nullptr);
+	luax_pushboolean(L, instance()->httpPost(url, body, (int) bodyLen, ct, ua));
+	return 1;
+}
+
 int w_hasBackgroundMusic(lua_State *L)
 {
 	lua_pushboolean(L, instance()->hasBackgroundMusic());
@@ -233,6 +244,7 @@ static const luaL_Reg functions[] =
 	{ "syncHealthSteps", w_syncHealthSteps },
 	{ "restartApp", w_restartApp },
 	{ "httpDownload", w_httpDownload },
+	{ "httpPost", w_httpPost },
 	{ "tlsOpen", w_tlsOpen },
 	{ "tlsStatus", w_tlsStatus },
 	{ "tlsSend", w_tlsSend },
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ import android.os.Environment;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.Vibrator;
+import android.provider.Settings;
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.DisplayMetrics;
 import android.view.*;
@@ -387,10 +388,23 @@ public class GameActivity extends SDLActivity {
    public void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        onHostResume();
+        refreshDualScreenDisplayMode();
        if (secondaryEnabled) registerSecondaryDisplayListener();
        setupSecondaryDisplay();
    }

+    @Override
+    public boolean dispatchKeyEvent(KeyEvent event) {
+        // AYN's panel toggle emits virtual Right Shift, which SDL maps to a
+        // gameplay button. The setting is absent on other Android devices.
+        if (secondaryEnabled && dualScreenDisplayMode != -1
+                && event.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_SHIFT_RIGHT
+                && event.getDeviceId() == KeyCharacterMap.VIRTUAL_KEYBOARD) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return super.dispatchKeyEvent(event);
+    }
+
    /**
     * SDL decides the activity's requested orientation at window creation
     * (SDLActivity.setOrientationBis). With a resizable window and no
@@ -741,6 +755,76 @@ public class GameActivity extends SDLActivity {
        }
    }

+    /**
+     * Blocking HTTPS POST, exposed as love.system.httpPost and used by
+     * src/core/HostShell.lua for mod.postLog. The GET bridge above covers
+     * downloads; log sends need POST, and Android ships no curl, so this is
+     * the only POST transport the platform has. Strictly one-way, matching
+     * the curl branch it mirrors: the response body is drained and
+     * discarded, and only the 2xx verdict comes back.
+     *
+     * Same rules as httpDownload: https only, redirects followed by hand
+     * (re-POSTing the body on each hop, the way curl -X POST behaves), and
+     * the call is blocking on the Lua/worker thread -- never the UI thread.
+     * The body arrives as raw bytes (a jbyteArray across the JNI) because a
+     * log ring can carry arbitrary UTF-8; a String would risk modified-UTF-8
+     * corruption on characters outside the BMP.
+     */
+    @Keep
+    public static boolean httpPost(String url, byte[] body, String contentType, String userAgent) {
+        if (url == null || body == null) return false;
+        HttpURLConnection conn = null;
+        try {
+            String current = url;
+            for (int hop = 0; hop < 5; hop++) {
+                URL parsed = new URL(current);
+                if (!"https".equalsIgnoreCase(parsed.getProtocol())) return false;
+                conn = (HttpURLConnection) parsed.openConnection();
+                conn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(false);
+                conn.setConnectTimeout(15000);
+                conn.setReadTimeout(60000);
+                conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
+                conn.setDoOutput(true);
+                conn.setRequestProperty("User-Agent",
+                    userAgent == null ? "gen1recomp" : userAgent);
+                conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",
+                    contentType == null ? "text/plain" : contentType);
+                OutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream());
+                try {
+                    out.write(body);
+                } finally {
+                    try { out.close(); } catch (IOException ignored) {}
+                }
+                int code = conn.getResponseCode();
+                if (code == 301 || code == 302 || code == 303 || code == 307 || code == 308) {
+                    String next = conn.getHeaderField("Location");
+                    conn.disconnect();
+                    conn = null;
+                    if (next == null) return false;
+                    current = new URL(parsed, next).toString();
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (code < 200 || code > 299) return false;
+                // drain and discard, so a slow server cannot wedge the
+                // worker on a full socket buffer
+                InputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(conn.getInputStream());
+                try {
+                    byte[] buf = new byte[16384];
+                    while (in.read(buf) > 0) {}
+                } finally {
+                    try { in.close(); } catch (IOException ignored) {}
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Log.d("GameActivity", "httpPost failed: " + e.getMessage());
+            return false;
+        } finally {
+            if (conn != null) conn.disconnect();
+        }
+    }
+
    /**
     * Shows ACTION_CREATE_DOCUMENT so the player can save a staged export
     * (pending_export.sav in the app save identity) to Downloads / Drive /
@@ -1406,9 +1490,38 @@ public class GameActivity extends SDLActivity {
    // Dual-screen: mirror the engine's bottom-screen canvas onto a secondary
    // physical display. Driven from the engine through love_android_secondary_*
    // in src/jni/love/src/common/android.cpp.
+    private static final int SECONDARY_TARGET_AUTO = 0;
+    private static final int SECONDARY_TARGET_HANDHELD = 1;
+    private static final int SECONDARY_TARGET_EXTERNAL = 2;
+    // AYN keeps disabled panels registered as ON. This optional setting is the
+    // usable-state signal: 0 = both, 1 = main only, 2 = second only.
+    private static final String DUAL_SCREEN_DISPLAY_MODE = "dual_screen_display_mode";
+    private static final String AYN_SECOND_SCREEN = "Screen-2";
    private static volatile SecondaryPresentation secondaryPresentation;
+    private static volatile SecondaryActivity secondaryActivity;
+    private static volatile boolean secondaryActivityPending;
+    private static volatile int secondaryActivityTarget = Display.INVALID_DISPLAY;
+    private static volatile long secondaryRetryAfter;
    private static volatile boolean secondaryEnabled = false;
+    private static volatile int secondaryTarget = SECONDARY_TARGET_AUTO;
+    private static volatile int dualScreenDisplayMode = -1;
+    private static volatile byte[] secondaryFrame;
+    private static volatile int secondaryFrameWidth;
+    private static volatile int secondaryFrameHeight;
+    private static volatile int secondaryBackground;
+    private static volatile boolean secondaryFrameCover;
+    private static final Object secondaryFrameLock = new Object();
+    private static volatile long secondaryDetectionAt;
+    private static volatile boolean secondaryDetected;
    private SecondaryDisplayMonitor secondaryDisplayMonitor;
+    private boolean dualScreenModeObserverRegistered;
+    private final android.database.ContentObserver dualScreenModeObserver =
+        new android.database.ContentObserver(new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())) {
+            @Override public void onChange(boolean selfChange, Uri uri) {
+                refreshDualScreenDisplayMode();
+                rebindSecondaryDisplay();
+            }
+        };
    private static final int MAX_SECONDARY_TOUCHES = 32;
    private static final java.util.ArrayDeque<String> secondaryTouches =
        new java.util.ArrayDeque<>();
@@ -1421,86 +1534,206 @@ public class GameActivity extends SDLActivity {
        self.runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
            @Override public void run() {
                if (on) {
+                    self.refreshDualScreenDisplayMode();
                    self.registerSecondaryDisplayListener();
-                    setupSecondaryDisplay();
+                    rebindSecondaryDisplay();
                } else {
                    self.unregisterSecondaryDisplayListener();
                    teardownSecondaryDisplay();
+                    secondaryRetryAfter = 0;
+                    synchronized (secondaryFrameLock) { secondaryFrame = null; }
                }
            }
        });
    }

+    @Keep
+    public static void setSecondaryDisplayTarget(int target) {
+        int normalized = target == SECONDARY_TARGET_HANDHELD
+            || target == SECONDARY_TARGET_EXTERNAL ? target : SECONDARY_TARGET_AUTO;
+        if (secondaryTarget == normalized) return;
+        secondaryTarget = normalized;
+        secondaryDetectionAt = 0;
+        rebindSecondaryDisplay();
+    }
+
+    private void refreshDualScreenDisplayMode() {
+        int mode = Settings.System.getInt(
+            getContentResolver(), DUAL_SCREEN_DISPLAY_MODE, -1);
+        if (dualScreenDisplayMode != mode) secondaryDetectionAt = 0;
+        dualScreenDisplayMode = mode;
+    }
+
    private void registerSecondaryDisplayListener() {
-        if (secondaryDisplayMonitor != null || android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 17) return;
-        SecondaryDisplayMonitor monitor = new SecondaryDisplayMonitor(this);
-        if (monitor.register()) secondaryDisplayMonitor = monitor;
+        if (secondaryDisplayMonitor == null && android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 17) {
+            SecondaryDisplayMonitor monitor = new SecondaryDisplayMonitor(this);
+            if (monitor.register()) secondaryDisplayMonitor = monitor;
+        }
+        if (dualScreenDisplayMode != -1 && !dualScreenModeObserverRegistered) {
+            getContentResolver().registerContentObserver(
+                Settings.System.getUriFor(DUAL_SCREEN_DISPLAY_MODE), false,
+                dualScreenModeObserver);
+            dualScreenModeObserverRegistered = true;
+        }
    }

    private void unregisterSecondaryDisplayListener() {
        SecondaryDisplayMonitor monitor = secondaryDisplayMonitor;
        secondaryDisplayMonitor = null;
        if (monitor != null) monitor.unregister();
+        if (dualScreenModeObserverRegistered) {
+            getContentResolver().unregisterContentObserver(dualScreenModeObserver);
+            dualScreenModeObserverRegistered = false;
+        }
    }

-    private static void refreshSecondaryDisplay() {
-        GameActivity self = (GameActivity) mSingleton;
-        if (self == null || !secondaryEnabled) return;
-        SecondaryPresentation current = secondaryPresentation;
-        Display display = current == null ? null : current.getDisplay();
+    private static boolean secondaryOutputIsPreferred(GameActivity self) {
+        Display preferred = findSecondaryDisplay(self, false);
+        if (preferred == null) return false;
+        SecondaryPresentation presentation = secondaryPresentation;
+        Display display = presentation == null
+            ? null : presentation.getDisplay();
+        if (display == null) {
+            SecondaryActivity activity = secondaryActivity;
+            display = activity == null ? null : getActivityDisplay(activity);
+        }
        SecondaryDisplayMonitor monitor = self.secondaryDisplayMonitor;
-        if (current == null) {
-            setupSecondaryDisplay();
-        } else if (display == null || monitor == null
-            || !monitor.hasDisplay(display.getDisplayId())) {
+        if (display == null || (monitor != null
+                && !monitor.hasDisplay(display.getDisplayId()))) return false;
+        return display.getDisplayId() == preferred.getDisplayId();
+    }
+
+    private static void rebindSecondaryDisplay() {
+        GameActivity self = (GameActivity) mSingleton;
+        if (self == null || !secondaryEnabled || secondaryOutputIsPreferred(self)) return;
+        self.runOnUiThread(() -> {
+            if (!secondaryEnabled || secondaryOutputIsPreferred(self)) return;
            teardownSecondaryDisplay();
            setupSecondaryDisplay();
-        }
+        });
    }

    private static void setupSecondaryDisplay() {
        GameActivity self = (GameActivity) mSingleton;
-        if (self == null || !secondaryEnabled || secondaryPresentation != null) return;
+        if (self == null || !secondaryEnabled || secondaryPresentation != null
+                || secondaryActivity != null || secondaryActivityPending
+                || android.os.SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() < secondaryRetryAfter) return;
        try {
-            android.hardware.display.DisplayManager dm =
-                (android.hardware.display.DisplayManager) self.getSystemService(Context.DISPLAY_SERVICE);
-            if (dm == null) return;
-            Display chosen = null;
-            for (Display d : dm.getDisplays()) {
-                android.graphics.Point size = new android.graphics.Point();
-                d.getRealSize(size);
-                Log.d("GameActivity", "display id=" + d.getDisplayId() + " name=" + d.getName()
-                    + " size=" + size.x + "x" + size.y);
-                if (chosen == null && d.getDisplayId() != Display.DEFAULT_DISPLAY) {
-                    chosen = d;
-                }
-            }
-            if (chosen == null) {
-                Display[] pres =
-                    dm.getDisplays(android.hardware.display.DisplayManager.DISPLAY_CATEGORY_PRESENTATION);
-                if (pres != null && pres.length > 0) chosen = pres[0];
-            }
+            Display chosen = findSecondaryDisplay(self, true);
            if (chosen == null) {
                Log.d("GameActivity", "no secondary display found");
                return;
            }
+            if (!isPresentationDisplay(chosen)) {
+                if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 29) return;
+                secondaryActivityPending = true;
+                secondaryActivityTarget = chosen.getDisplayId();
+                Intent intent = new Intent(self, SecondaryActivity.class)
+                    .addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK | Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_ANIMATION);
+                android.app.ActivityOptions options = android.app.ActivityOptions.makeBasic();
+                options.setLaunchDisplayId(secondaryActivityTarget);
+                self.startActivity(intent, options.toBundle());
+                final int requestedDisplay = secondaryActivityTarget;
+                new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()).postDelayed(() -> {
+                    if (secondaryActivityPending
+                            && secondaryActivityTarget == requestedDisplay) {
+                        secondaryActivityPending = false;
+                        secondaryRetryAfter = android.os.SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + 1000;
+                    }
+                }, 1000);
+                return;
+            }
            SecondaryPresentation p = new SecondaryPresentation(self, chosen);
+            p.setOnDismissListener(dialog -> {
+                if (secondaryPresentation == p) {
+                    secondaryPresentation = null;
+                    rebindSecondaryDisplay();
+                }
+            });
            p.show();
            secondaryPresentation = p;
+            secondaryRetryAfter = 0;
+            synchronized (secondaryFrameLock) {
+                if (secondaryFrame != null) {
+                    p.setBackground(secondaryBackground);
+                    p.updateFrame(java.nio.ByteBuffer.wrap(secondaryFrame),
+                        secondaryFrameWidth, secondaryFrameHeight, secondaryFrameCover);
+                }
+            }
            Log.d("GameActivity", "secondary display presentation started on id=" + chosen.getDisplayId());
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            Log.d("GameActivity", "secondary display setup failed: " + t);
-            secondaryPresentation = null;
+            secondaryActivityPending = false;
+            secondaryActivityTarget = Display.INVALID_DISPLAY;
+            secondaryRetryAfter = android.os.SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + 1000;
+            teardownSecondaryDisplay();
        }
    }

+    private static Display findSecondaryDisplay(GameActivity self, boolean logDisplays) {
+        android.hardware.display.DisplayManager dm =
+            (android.hardware.display.DisplayManager) self.getSystemService(Context.DISPLAY_SERVICE);
+        if (dm == null || android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 17) return null;
+        Display gameDisplay = getActivityDisplay(self);
+        int gameDisplayId = gameDisplay == null
+            ? Display.DEFAULT_DISPLAY : gameDisplay.getDisplayId();
+        Display handheld = dm.getDisplay(Display.DEFAULT_DISPLAY);
+        boolean handheldAvailable = android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 29
+            && gameDisplayId != Display.DEFAULT_DISPLAY && isDisplayUsable(handheld);
+        Display external = null;
+        Display[] presentations = dm.getDisplays(
+            android.hardware.display.DisplayManager.DISPLAY_CATEGORY_PRESENTATION);
+        for (Display d : presentations) {
+            if (logDisplays) {
+                android.graphics.Point size = new android.graphics.Point();
+                d.getRealSize(size);
+                Log.d("GameActivity", "display id=" + d.getDisplayId()
+                    + " name=" + d.getName() + " size=" + size.x + "x" + size.y);
+            }
+            if (external == null && d.getDisplayId() != gameDisplayId
+                    && isDisplayUsable(d)) external = d;
+        }
+        if (secondaryTarget == SECONDARY_TARGET_HANDHELD && handheldAvailable) return handheld;
+        if (secondaryTarget == SECONDARY_TARGET_EXTERNAL && external != null) return external;
+        return handheldAvailable ? handheld : external;
+    }
+
+    private static Display getActivityDisplay(android.app.Activity activity) {
+        return android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 30
+            ? activity.getDisplay() : activity.getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay();
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isPresentationDisplay(Display display) {
+        if (display == null || display.getDisplayId() == Display.DEFAULT_DISPLAY) return false;
+        return android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 20
+            || (display.getFlags() & Display.FLAG_PRESENTATION) != 0;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isDisplayUsable(Display display) {
+        if (display == null) return false;
+        if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 20
+                && display.getState() == Display.STATE_OFF) return false;
+        if (dualScreenDisplayMode == 1 && AYN_SECOND_SCREEN.equals(display.getName())) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return dualScreenDisplayMode != 2
+            || display.getDisplayId() != Display.DEFAULT_DISPLAY;
+    }
+
    private static void teardownSecondaryDisplay() {
        SecondaryPresentation p = secondaryPresentation;
        secondaryPresentation = null;
+        SecondaryActivity a = secondaryActivity;
+        secondaryActivity = null;
+        secondaryActivityPending = false;
+        secondaryActivityTarget = Display.INVALID_DISPLAY;
        synchronized (secondaryTouches) { secondaryTouches.clear(); }
        if (p != null) {
            try { p.dismiss(); } catch (Throwable t) {}
        }
+        if (a != null) {
+            try { a.finish(); } catch (Throwable t) {}
+        }
    }

    @android.annotation.TargetApi(17)
@@ -1527,21 +1760,85 @@ public class GameActivity extends SDLActivity {
            return manager.getDisplay(displayId) != null;
        }

-        @Override public void onDisplayAdded(int displayId) { refreshSecondaryDisplay(); }
-        @Override public void onDisplayRemoved(int displayId) { refreshSecondaryDisplay(); }
-        @Override public void onDisplayChanged(int displayId) { refreshSecondaryDisplay(); }
+        private void changed() {
+            secondaryDetectionAt = 0;
+            rebindSecondaryDisplay();
+        }
+
+        @Override public void onDisplayAdded(int displayId) { changed(); }
+        @Override public void onDisplayRemoved(int displayId) { changed(); }
+        @Override public void onDisplayChanged(int displayId) { changed(); }
    }

    @Keep
    public static boolean hasSecondaryDisplay() {
-        return secondaryPresentation != null;
+        return secondaryPresentation != null || secondaryActivity != null;
+    }
+
+    @Keep
+    public static boolean hasSecondaryDisplayCandidate() {
+        GameActivity self = (GameActivity) mSingleton;
+        if (self == null) return false;
+        if (secondaryPresentation != null || secondaryActivity != null) return true;
+        self.refreshDualScreenDisplayMode();
+        long now = android.os.SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
+        if (secondaryDetectionAt != 0 && now - secondaryDetectionAt < 500) {
+            return secondaryDetected;
+        }
+        secondaryDetected = findSecondaryDisplay(self, false) != null;
+        secondaryDetectionAt = now;
+        return secondaryDetected;
+    }
+
+    @Keep
+    public static boolean presentSecondaryFrame(
+            java.nio.ByteBuffer rgba, int width, int height,
+            int backgroundColor, boolean cover) {
+        long bytes = (long) width * height * 4;
+        if (rgba == null || width <= 0 || height <= 0
+                || bytes <= 0 || bytes > Integer.MAX_VALUE
+                || rgba.capacity() < bytes) return false;
+        synchronized (secondaryFrameLock) {
+            if (secondaryFrame == null || secondaryFrame.length != (int) bytes) {
+                secondaryFrame = new byte[(int) bytes];
+            }
+            rgba.rewind();
+            rgba.get(secondaryFrame, 0, (int) bytes);
+            rgba.rewind();
+            secondaryFrameWidth = width;
+            secondaryFrameHeight = height;
+            secondaryBackground = backgroundColor;
+            secondaryFrameCover = cover;
+            SecondaryPresentation p = secondaryPresentation;
+            SecondaryActivity a = secondaryActivity;
+            if (p == null && a == null) return false;
+            try {
+                if (p != null) {
+                    p.setBackground(backgroundColor);
+                    p.updateFrame(rgba, width, height, cover);
+                } else {
+                    a.setBackground(backgroundColor);
+                    a.updateFrame(rgba, width, height, cover);
+                }
+                return true;
+            } catch (Throwable t) {
+                GameActivity self = (GameActivity) mSingleton;
+                if (self != null) self.runOnUiThread(() -> {
+                    teardownSecondaryDisplay();
+                    setupSecondaryDisplay();
+                });
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
    }

    @Keep
    public static void updateSecondaryFrame(java.nio.ByteBuffer buf, int w, int h) {
        SecondaryPresentation p = secondaryPresentation;
-        if (p != null && buf != null && w > 0 && h > 0) {
-            p.updateFrame(buf, w, h);
+        SecondaryActivity a = secondaryActivity;
+        if ((p != null || a != null) && buf != null && w > 0 && h > 0) {
+            if (p != null) p.updateFrame(buf, w, h);
+            else a.updateFrame(buf, w, h);
        }
    }

@@ -1552,6 +1849,102 @@ public class GameActivity extends SDLActivity {
        }
    }

+    private static void applySecondaryImmersive(android.view.Window w) {
+        if (w == null) return;
+        if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 30) {
+            w.setDecorFitsSystemWindows(false);
+            android.view.WindowInsetsController c = w.getInsetsController();
+            if (c != null) {
+                c.hide(android.view.WindowInsets.Type.systemBars());
+                c.setSystemBarsBehavior(
+                    android.view.WindowInsetsController.BEHAVIOR_SHOW_TRANSIENT_BARS_BY_SWIPE);
+            }
+        } else {
+            w.getDecorView().setSystemUiVisibility(
+                android.view.View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LAYOUT_STABLE
+                | android.view.View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LAYOUT_HIDE_NAVIGATION
+                | android.view.View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LAYOUT_FULLSCREEN
+                | android.view.View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_HIDE_NAVIGATION
+                | android.view.View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_FULLSCREEN
+                | android.view.View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_IMMERSIVE_STICKY);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static class SecondaryActivity extends android.app.Activity {
+        private FrameView frameView;
+
+        @Override
+        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
+            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
+            Display display = getActivityDisplay(this);
+            if (!secondaryEnabled || display == null
+                    || display.getDisplayId() != secondaryActivityTarget) {
+                secondaryActivityPending = false;
+                secondaryActivityTarget = Display.INVALID_DISPLAY;
+                secondaryRetryAfter = android.os.SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + 1000;
+                finish();
+                return;
+            }
+            frameView = new FrameView(this);
+            android.view.Window w = getWindow();
+            w.setFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN
+                | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_LAYOUT_NO_LIMITS,
+                WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_FULLSCREEN
+                | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_LAYOUT_NO_LIMITS);
+            setContentView(frameView);
+            applySecondaryImmersive(w);
+            secondaryActivity = this;
+            secondaryActivityPending = false;
+            secondaryRetryAfter = 0;
+            synchronized (secondaryFrameLock) {
+                if (secondaryFrame != null) {
+                    setBackground(secondaryBackground);
+                    updateFrame(java.nio.ByteBuffer.wrap(secondaryFrame),
+                        secondaryFrameWidth, secondaryFrameHeight, secondaryFrameCover);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void onDestroy() {
+            if (secondaryActivity == this) secondaryActivity = null;
+            super.onDestroy();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onWindowFocusChanged(boolean hasFocus) {
+            super.onWindowFocusChanged(hasFocus);
+            if (hasFocus) applySecondaryImmersive(getWindow());
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean dispatchKeyEvent(android.view.KeyEvent event) {
+            GameActivity activity = (GameActivity) mSingleton;
+            return activity != null
+                ? activity.dispatchKeyEvent(event) : super.dispatchKeyEvent(event);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean dispatchGenericMotionEvent(android.view.MotionEvent event) {
+            GameActivity activity = (GameActivity) mSingleton;
+            return activity != null
+                ? activity.dispatchGenericMotionEvent(event)
+                : super.dispatchGenericMotionEvent(event);
+        }
+
+        void updateFrame(java.nio.ByteBuffer buf, int w, int h) {
+            frameView.updateFrame(buf, w, h);
+        }
+
+        void updateFrame(java.nio.ByteBuffer buf, int w, int h, boolean cover) {
+            frameView.updateFrame(buf, w, h, cover);
+        }
+
+        void setBackground(int color) {
+            frameView.setFrameBackground(color);
+        }
+    }
+
    private static class SecondaryPresentation extends android.app.Presentation {
        private final FrameView frameView;

@@ -1585,31 +1978,36 @@ public class GameActivity extends SDLActivity {
            if (hasFocus) applyImmersive();
        }

+        @Override
+        public boolean dispatchKeyEvent(android.view.KeyEvent event) {
+            GameActivity activity = (GameActivity) mSingleton;
+            return activity != null
+                ? activity.dispatchKeyEvent(event) : super.dispatchKeyEvent(event);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean dispatchGenericMotionEvent(android.view.MotionEvent event) {
+            GameActivity activity = (GameActivity) mSingleton;
+            return activity != null
+                ? activity.dispatchGenericMotionEvent(event)
+                : super.dispatchGenericMotionEvent(event);
+        }
+
        private void applyImmersive() {
-            android.view.Window w = getWindow();
-            if (w == null) return;
-            if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 30) {
-                w.setDecorFitsSystemWindows(false);
-                android.view.WindowInsetsController c = w.getInsetsController();
-                if (c != null) {
-                    c.hide(android.view.WindowInsets.Type.systemBars());
-                    c.setSystemBarsBehavior(
-                        android.view.WindowInsetsController.BEHAVIOR_SHOW_TRANSIENT_BARS_BY_SWIPE);
-                }
-            } else {
-                w.getDecorView().setSystemUiVisibility(
-                    android.view.View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LAYOUT_STABLE
-                    | android.view.View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LAYOUT_HIDE_NAVIGATION
-                    | android.view.View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_LAYOUT_FULLSCREEN
-                    | android.view.View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_HIDE_NAVIGATION
-                    | android.view.View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_FULLSCREEN
-                    | android.view.View.SYSTEM_UI_FLAG_IMMERSIVE_STICKY);
-            }
+            applySecondaryImmersive(getWindow());
        }

        void updateFrame(java.nio.ByteBuffer buf, int w, int h) {
            frameView.updateFrame(buf, w, h);
        }
+
+        void updateFrame(java.nio.ByteBuffer buf, int w, int h, boolean cover) {
+            frameView.updateFrame(buf, w, h, cover);
+        }
+
+        void setBackground(int color) {
+            frameView.setFrameBackground(color);
+        }
    }

    private static class FrameView extends View {
@@ -1618,7 +2016,9 @@ public class GameActivity extends SDLActivity {
        private final android.graphics.Paint paint = new android.graphics.Paint();
        private final Object lock = new Object();
        private int fw, fh;
+        private int backgroundColor = 0xFF000000;
        private int activePointer = -1;
+        private boolean cover;

        FrameView(Context context) {
            super(context);
@@ -1628,7 +2028,12 @@ public class GameActivity extends SDLActivity {
        }

        void updateFrame(java.nio.ByteBuffer buf, int w, int h) {
+            updateFrame(buf, w, h, false);
+        }
+
+        void updateFrame(java.nio.ByteBuffer buf, int w, int h, boolean cover) {
            synchronized (lock) {
+                this.cover = cover;
                if (bitmap == null || fw != w || fh != h) {
                    if (bitmap != null) bitmap.recycle();
                    bitmap = android.graphics.Bitmap.createBitmap(w, h, android.graphics.Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
@@ -1640,6 +2045,13 @@ public class GameActivity extends SDLActivity {
            postInvalidate();
        }

+        void setFrameBackground(int color) {
+            synchronized (lock) {
+                backgroundColor = 0xFF000000 | (color & 0x00FFFFFF);
+            }
+            postInvalidate();
+        }
+
        private void enqueueTouch(String event) {
            synchronized (secondaryTouches) {
                if (secondaryTouches.size() >= MAX_SECONDARY_TOUCHES) {
@@ -1691,12 +2103,15 @@ public class GameActivity extends SDLActivity {
            synchronized (lock) {
                if (bitmap == null || fw == 0 || fh == 0) return;
                int vw = getWidth(), vh = getHeight();
-                int s = Math.min(vw / fw, vh / fh);
-                if (s < 1) s = 1;
-                int dw = fw * s, dh = fh * s;
+                float fit = Math.min((float) vw / fw, (float) vh / fh);
+                if (fit <= 0) return;
+                float scale = cover
+                    ? Math.max((float) vw / fw, (float) vh / fh)
+                    : fit >= 2f ? (float) Math.floor(fit) : fit;
+                int dw = Math.round(fw * scale), dh = Math.round(fh * scale);
                int dx = (vw - dw) / 2, dy = (vh - dh) / 2;
                dst.set(dx, dy, dx + dw, dy + dh);
-                canvas.drawColor(0xFF000000);
+                canvas.drawColor(backgroundColor);
                canvas.drawBitmap(bitmap, null, dst, paint);
            }
        }