diff --git a/data/scripts/flavor/viridian_city.lua b/data/scripts/flavor/viridian_city.lua
index 6974f1d2..e9c9b25e 100644
--- a/data/scripts/flavor/viridian_city.lua
+++ b/data/scripts/flavor/viridian_city.lua
@@ -1,22 +1,18 @@
 -- Viridian City flavor dialogue (pokered/scripts/ViridianCity.asm).
--- Ports the text_asm bodies for GAMBLER1, YOUNGSTER2, GIRL and OLD_MAN.
+-- Ports the text_asm bodies for GAMBLER1, YOUNGSTER2 and GIRL.
 --
 -- Not ported here (already handled elsewhere / not talk-reachable):
 --  * TEXT_VIRIDIANCITY_FISHER (TM42 gift) -- already ported as a
 --    `gift()` entry in data/scripts/story5.lua's M.VIRIDIAN_CITY.talk.
---  * TEXT_VIRIDIANCITY_OLD_MAN_SLEEPY / TEXT_VIRIDIANCITY_GYM_LOCKED --
---    these are step-triggered blocking texts (ViridianCityCheckGotPokedexScript /
---    ViridianCityCheckGymOpenScript), not npc talk text_asm bodies; the
---    gates themselves are already implemented via story5.lua's onStep
---    chain (viridianOldManStep / viridianGymLock) for this map.
---  * The old man's catch-training minigame trigger (SCRIPT_VIRIDIANCITY_
---    OLD_MAN_START_CATCH_TRAINING / battle vs. WEEDLE) is a full
---    scripted-battle cutscene outside this task's Commands vocabulary
---    (no static_battle-style "battle a scripted old-man WEEDLE" command
---    exists); we port the real YES/NO branch text he speaks but the
---    "yes" branch here just shows the "I'll show you how" line rather
---    than actually starting the minigame, since that machinery isn't
---    ported to this map yet.
+--  * TEXT_VIRIDIANCITY_OLD_MAN (the walking man at (17,5)) and
+--    TEXT_VIRIDIANCITY_OLD_MAN_SLEEPY (the sleeper at (18,9)) -- both
+--    live in data/scripts/story.lua, which owns this map's onStep gate
+--    and can reach the `old_man_demo` command for the real catch
+--    tutorial.  Keep them there: story.lua loads BEFORE this file, so a
+--    duplicate here would silently win the merge.
+--  * TEXT_VIRIDIANCITY_GYM_LOCKED -- a step-triggered blocking text
+--    (ViridianCityCheckGymOpenScript), implemented by story5.lua's
+--    onStep chain (viridianGymLock -> viridianOldManStep) for this map.
 
 local M = {}
 
@@ -91,24 +87,6 @@ M.VIRIDIAN_CITY = {
       end
     end,
 
-    -- ViridianCityOldManText (scripts/ViridianCity.asm): once he's had
-    -- his coffee, he asks (YES/NO) whether you want to learn how to
-    -- catch Pokemon. YES leads into the catch-training minigame
-    -- (SCRIPT_VIRIDIANCITY_OLD_MAN_START_CATCH_TRAINING, not ported --
-    -- see file header); NO just brushes you off ("Time is money...").
-    TEXT_VIRIDIANCITY_OLD_MAN = function(game, ow, npc, done)
-      local t = text(game)
-      ask(game, t._ViridianCityOldManHadMyCoffeeNowText
-        or "Ahh, I've had my\ncoffee now and I\nfeel great!\nSure you can go\nthrough!\nAre you in a\nhurry?", function(yes)
-        if yes then
-          push(game, t._ViridianCityOldManKnowHowToCatchPokemonText
-            or "I see you're using\na POKéDEX.\nWhen you catch a\nPOKéMON, POKéDEX\nis automatically\nupdated.\nWhat? Don't you\nknow how to catch\nPOKéMON?\nI'll show you\nhow to then.", done)
-        else
-          push(game, t._ViridianCityOldManTimeIsMoneyText
-            or "Time is money...\nGo along then.", done)
-        end
-      end)
-    end,
   },
 }
 
diff --git a/data/scripts/oaks_lab.lua b/data/scripts/oaks_lab.lua
index 8144515a..dcce5fef 100644
--- a/data/scripts/oaks_lab.lua
+++ b/data/scripts/oaks_lab.lua
@@ -58,33 +58,40 @@ return {
     TEXT_OAKSLAB_OAK1 = {
       { "face_player" },                                          -- 1
       { "check_flag", "EVENT_GOT_OAKS_PARCEL" },                  -- 2
-      { "jump_if_false", 12 },                                    -- 3
+      { "jump_if_false", 14 },                                    -- 3
       { "check_flag", "EVENT_OAK_GOT_PARCEL" },                   -- 4
-      { "jump_if_true", 12 },                                     -- 5
+      { "jump_if_true", 14 },                                     -- 5
       { "show_text", "_OaksLabOak1DeliverParcelText" },           -- 6
       { "take_item", "OAKS_PARCEL", 1 },                          -- 7
       { "set_flag", "EVENT_OAK_GOT_PARCEL" },                     -- 8
       { "show_text", "_OaksLabOak1PokemonAroundTheWorldText" },   -- 9
       { "set_flag", "EVENT_GOT_POKEDEX" },                        -- 10
-      { "jump", 30 },                                             -- 11
-      { "check_flag", "EVENT_GOT_STARTER" },                      -- 12
-      { "jump_if_false", 27 },                                    -- 13
-      { "check_item", "POKE_BALL" },                              -- 14
-      { "jump_if_true", 25 },                                     -- 15
-      { "check_flag", "EVENT_BEAT_ROUTE22_RIVAL_1ST_BATTLE" },    -- 16
-      { "jump_if_false", 29 },                                    -- 17
-      { "check_flag", "EVENT_GOT_POKEBALLS_FROM_OAK" },           -- 18
-      { "jump_if_true", 25 },                                     -- 19
-      { "set_flag", "EVENT_GOT_POKEBALLS_FROM_OAK" },             -- 20
-      { "give_item", "POKE_BALL", 5, false },                     -- 21
-      { "show_text", "_OaksLabOak1ReceivedPokeballsText" },       -- 22
-      { "show_text", "_OaksLabGivePokeballsExplanationText" },    -- 23
-      { "jump", 30 },                                             -- 24
-      { "show_text", "_OaksLabOak1ComeSeeMeSometimesText" },      -- 25
-      { "jump", 30 },                                             -- 26
-      { "show_text", "_OaksLabOak1WhichPokemonDoYouWantText" },   -- 27
-      { "jump", 30 },                                             -- 28
-      { "show_text", "_OaksLabOak1RaiseYourYoungPokemonText" },   -- 29 (30 = end)
+      -- the Pokédex swaps Viridian's two old men (OaksLab.asm:602-606:
+      -- HideObject TOGGLE_LYING_OLD_MAN / ShowObject TOGGLE_OLD_MAN).
+      -- Until this ran, the walking man at (17,5) -- who owns the coffee
+      -- ask and the catch tutorial -- stayed OFF for the whole game
+      -- (toggleable_objects.asm seeds him OFF, the sleeper ON).
+      { "hide_object", "VIRIDIAN_CITY", "VIRIDIANCITY_OLD_MAN_SLEEPY" }, -- 11
+      { "show_object", "VIRIDIAN_CITY", "VIRIDIANCITY_OLD_MAN" },  -- 12
+      { "jump", 32 },                                             -- 13
+      { "check_flag", "EVENT_GOT_STARTER" },                      -- 14
+      { "jump_if_false", 29 },                                    -- 15
+      { "check_item", "POKE_BALL" },                              -- 16
+      { "jump_if_true", 27 },                                     -- 17
+      { "check_flag", "EVENT_BEAT_ROUTE22_RIVAL_1ST_BATTLE" },    -- 18
+      { "jump_if_false", 31 },                                    -- 19
+      { "check_flag", "EVENT_GOT_POKEBALLS_FROM_OAK" },           -- 20
+      { "jump_if_true", 27 },                                     -- 21
+      { "set_flag", "EVENT_GOT_POKEBALLS_FROM_OAK" },             -- 22
+      { "give_item", "POKE_BALL", 5, false },                     -- 23
+      { "show_text", "_OaksLabOak1ReceivedPokeballsText" },       -- 24
+      { "show_text", "_OaksLabGivePokeballsExplanationText" },    -- 25
+      { "jump", 32 },                                             -- 26
+      { "show_text", "_OaksLabOak1ComeSeeMeSometimesText" },      -- 27
+      { "jump", 32 },                                             -- 28
+      { "show_text", "_OaksLabOak1WhichPokemonDoYouWantText" },   -- 29
+      { "jump", 32 },                                             -- 30
+      { "show_text", "_OaksLabOak1RaiseYourYoungPokemonText" },   -- 31 (32 = end)
     },
 
     TEXT_OAKSLAB_CHARMANDER_POKE_BALL =
diff --git a/data/scripts/story.lua b/data/scripts/story.lua
index 1333b9e0..0e63d611 100644
--- a/data/scripts/story.lua
+++ b/data/scripts/story.lua
@@ -10,6 +10,31 @@ local M = {}
 -- -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 M.VIRIDIAN_MART = {
+  -- scripts/ViridianMart.asm: the parcel hand-off is the map's DEFAULT
+  -- script, not a talk.  Entering with a starter and no parcel runs
+  -- ViridianMartDefaultScript -- the clerk calls out, then
+  -- StartSimulatingJoypadStates walks the player to the counter
+  -- (.PlayerMovement: PAD_LEFT 1, PAD_UP 2, door (3,7) -> counter (2,5))
+  -- and ViridianMartOaksParcelScript hands the parcel over.  The player
+  -- never presses A.  This matters beyond convenience: the parcel gates
+  -- Oak's Pokedex and the old man clearing Route 2, so vanilla guarantees
+  -- it on entry rather than letting you walk out without it.
+  --
+  -- The talk branch below is kept as the fallback for a save that reaches
+  -- the counter without this having fired.
+  onEnter = function(game, ow)
+    local f = game.save.flags
+    if f.EVENT_OAK_GOT_PARCEL or f.EVENT_GOT_OAKS_PARCEL then return end
+    if not f.EVENT_GOT_STARTER then return end
+    ow:queueScript({
+      { "show_text", "_ViridianMartClerkYouCameFromPalletTownText" },
+      { "move_player", "left", 1 },
+      { "move_player", "up", 2 },
+      -- the quest text's last page is "{PLAYER} got\nOAK's PARCEL!"
+      { "give_item", "OAKS_PARCEL", 1, "_ViridianMartClerkParcelQuestText" },
+      { "set_flag", "EVENT_GOT_OAKS_PARCEL" },
+    })
+  end,
   talk = {
     TEXT_VIRIDIANMART_CLERK = {
       { "check_flag", "EVENT_OAK_GOT_PARCEL" },                       -- 1
@@ -33,42 +58,48 @@ M.VIRIDIAN_MART = {
 
 M.VIRIDIAN_CITY = {
   talk = {
-    -- the old man napping on the north path (scripts/ViridianCity.asm)
-    -- after his coffee, the old man offers the catch tutorial: not in a
-    -- hurry -> he demos catching a wild mon (BATTLE_TYPE_OLD_MAN)
+    -- The GAMBLER_ASLEEP at (18,9) (ViridianCityOldManSleepyText): he
+    -- only ever grumbles and shoves you back down -- he never wakes,
+    -- moves or hides.  The coffee ask and the catch tutorial belong to
+    -- the *other* old man, the walking SPRITE_GAMBLER at (17,5)
+    -- (TEXT_VIRIDIANCITY_OLD_MAN, below).  The two are swapped by the
+    -- Pokédex in data/scripts/oaks_lab.lua, not by talking to either.
     TEXT_VIRIDIANCITY_OLD_MAN_SLEEPY = {
-      { "check_flag", "EVENT_OAK_GOT_PARCEL" },                          -- 1
-      { "jump_if_true", 5 },                                             -- 2
-      { "show_text", "_ViridianCityOldManSleepyPrivatePropertyText" },   -- 3
-      { "jump", 14 },                                                    -- 4
-      { "face_player" },                                                 -- 5
-      { "ask", "_ViridianCityOldManHadMyCoffeeNowText" },                -- 6
-      { "jump_if_true", 12 },                                            -- 7 (in a hurry)
-      { "show_text", "_ViridianCityOldManKnowHowToCatchPokemonText" },   -- 8
-      { "show_text", "_ViridianCityOldManYouNeedToWeakenTheTargetText" }, -- 9
-      { "old_man_demo" },                                                -- 10
-      { "jump", 13 },                                                    -- 11
-      { "show_text", "_ViridianCityOldManTimeIsMoneyText" },             -- 12
-      { "hide_object", "VIRIDIAN_CITY", "VIRIDIANCITY_OLD_MAN_SLEEPY" }, -- 13
+      { "show_text", "_ViridianCityOldManSleepyPrivatePropertyText" },   -- 1
+      { "move_player", "down", 1 },                                     -- 2
+    },
+
+    -- The walking old man at (17,5), shown once the Pokédex swaps him in
+    -- (ViridianCityOldManText).  "Are you in a hurry?" -- YES brushes you
+    -- off, NO leads into the catch tutorial: he explains, demos a catch
+    -- on a wild WEEDLE (BATTLE_TYPE_OLD_MAN), then comments afterwards.
+    -- pokered prints YouNeedToWeakenTheTarget *after* the demo battle
+    -- (ViridianCityOldManEndCatchTrainingScript), not before it.
+    TEXT_VIRIDIANCITY_OLD_MAN = {
+      { "face_player" },                                                 -- 1
+      { "ask", "_ViridianCityOldManHadMyCoffeeNowText" },                -- 2
+      { "jump_if_true", 8 },                                             -- 3 (yes = in a hurry)
+      { "show_text", "_ViridianCityOldManKnowHowToCatchPokemonText" },   -- 4
+      { "old_man_demo" },                                                -- 5
+      { "show_text", "_ViridianCityOldManYouNeedToWeakenTheTargetText" },-- 6
+      { "jump", 9 },                                                     -- 7
+      { "show_text", "_ViridianCityOldManTimeIsMoneyText" },             -- 8 (9 = end)
     },
   },
-  -- the sleeping old man lies across the Route 22 path (18,9): until
-  -- he moves you can't slip past on either side (scripts/ViridianCity
-  -- blocks the whole corridor, not just his tile)
+  -- ViridianCityCheckGotPokedexScript: the north corridor is gated on
+  -- EVENT_GOT_POKEDEX, NOT on the sleeper being hidden, and it triggers
+  -- on exactly one cell -- (19,9), the gap east of the sleeper (18,9)
+  -- and the girl (17,9).  With the Pokédex the check returns immediately
+  -- and you simply walk past at x=19.
   onStep = function(game, ow, x, y)
-    local gone = game.save.objectToggles and game.save.objectToggles.VIRIDIAN_CITY
-                 and game.save.objectToggles.VIRIDIAN_CITY.VIRIDIANCITY_OLD_MAN_SLEEPY == false
-    if gone then return false end
-    -- crossing north of his row through the 3-wide gap (x 17-19, y<=8)
-    if y <= 8 and x >= 17 and x <= 19 then
-      local TextBox = require("src.render.TextBox")
-      game.stack:push(TextBox.new(game,
-        game.data.text._ViridianCityOldManSleepyPrivatePropertyText
-        or "You can't go\nthrough here!\fThis is private\nproperty!",
-        function() ow:scriptMove(ow.player, "down", 1) end))
-      return true
-    end
-    return false
+    if game.save.flags and game.save.flags.EVENT_GOT_POKEDEX then return false end
+    if x ~= 19 or y ~= 9 then return false end
+    local TextBox = require("src.render.TextBox")
+    game.stack:push(TextBox.new(game,
+      game.data.text._ViridianCityOldManSleepyPrivatePropertyText
+      or "You can't go\nthrough here!\fThis is private\nproperty!",
+      function() ow:scriptMove(ow.player, "down", 1) end))
+    return true
   end,
 }
 
@@ -104,7 +135,7 @@ M.BILLS_HOUSE = {
   talk = {
     TEXT_BILLSHOUSE_BILL_POKEMON = {
       { "check_flag", "EVENT_GOT_SS_TICKET" },                     -- 1
-      { "jump_if_true", 11 },                                      -- 2
+      { "jump_if_true", 13 },                                      -- 2
       { "show_text", "_BillsHouseBillImNotAPokemonText" },         -- 3
       { "show_text", "_BillsHouseBillNoYouGottaHelpText" },        -- 4
       -- the cell-separator PC throws its switch
@@ -118,8 +149,21 @@ M.BILLS_HOUSE = {
       { "give_item", "S_S_TICKET", 1, false },                     -- 7
       { "show_text", "_SSTicketReceivedText" },                    -- 8
       { "set_flag", "EVENT_GOT_SS_TICKET" },                       -- 9
-      { "jump", 12 },                                              -- 10
-      { "show_text", "_BillsHouseBillCheckOutMyRarePokemonText" }, -- 11
+      -- The two Cerulean guards are a SWAP PAIR, not scenery
+      -- (BillsHouse.asm:174-178): handing over the ticket shows GUARD1 at
+      -- (28,12) and hides GUARD2 at (27,12).  This matters far more than it
+      -- looks: (27,12) is the ONLY walkable neighbour of the trashed
+      -- house's south door at (27,11), and that house is one of the two
+      -- ways through the fence that splits Cerulean in half (the badge
+      -- house is the other).  Leaving GUARD2 up forever severs the city --
+      -- the gym/mart half can never reach the Route 5 exit -- which is
+      -- exactly what stranded the bot after it beat Misty.
+      -- Same swap fires after the TM28 Rocket (CeruleanCity_2.asm
+      -- CeruleanHideRocket), so either route opens the path.
+      { "show_object", "CERULEAN_CITY", "CERULEANCITY_GUARD1" },   -- 10
+      { "hide_object", "CERULEAN_CITY", "CERULEANCITY_GUARD2" },   -- 11
+      { "jump", 14 },                                              -- 12
+      { "show_text", "_BillsHouseBillCheckOutMyRarePokemonText" }, -- 13
     },
   },
 }
diff --git a/data/scripts/story2.lua b/data/scripts/story2.lua
index 150d4f04..6823908d 100644
--- a/data/scripts/story2.lua
+++ b/data/scripts/story2.lua
@@ -278,6 +278,23 @@ M.PALLET_TOWN = {
 
 local DRINKS = { "FRESH_WATER", "SODA_POP", "LEMONADE" }
 
+-- Hand over the first drink in the bag, if any. Mirrors RemoveGuardDrink
+-- (engine/items/inventory.asm), which walks the same three item ids and
+-- removes ONE, and the caller's BIT_GAVE_SAFFRON_GUARDS_DRINK.
+local function takeGuardDrink(game)
+  for _, drink in ipairs(DRINKS) do
+    if (game.save.inventory[drink] or 0) > 0 then
+      game.save.inventory[drink] = game.save.inventory[drink] - 1
+      if game.save.inventory[drink] == 0 then
+        game.save.inventory[drink] = nil
+      end
+      game.save.flags.EVENT_GAVE_GUARDS_DRINK = true
+      return true
+    end
+  end
+  return false
+end
+
 local function saffronGate(guardText, triggers, horizontal)
   return {
     talk = {
@@ -289,18 +306,11 @@ local function saffronGate(guardText, triggers, horizontal)
             t._SaffronGateGuardThanksForTheDrinkText or "Gee, that was\ntasty!", done))
           return
         end
-        for _, drink in ipairs(DRINKS) do
-          if (game.save.inventory[drink] or 0) > 0 then
-            game.save.inventory[drink] = game.save.inventory[drink] - 1
-            if game.save.inventory[drink] == 0 then
-              game.save.inventory[drink] = nil
-            end
-            game.save.flags.EVENT_GAVE_GUARDS_DRINK = true
-            game.stack:push(TextBox.new(game,
-              (t._SaffronGateGuardYouCanGoOnThroughText or
-               "Thanks! You can\ngo on through!"), done))
-            return
-          end
+        if takeGuardDrink(game) then
+          game.stack:push(TextBox.new(game,
+            (t._SaffronGateGuardYouCanGoOnThroughText or
+             "Thanks! You can\ngo on through!"), done))
+          return
         end
         game.stack:push(TextBox.new(game,
           t._SaffronGateGuardGeeImThirstyText or "Gee, I'm thirsty\nthough!", done))
@@ -317,6 +327,27 @@ local function saffronGate(guardText, triggers, horizontal)
       if game.save.flags.EVENT_GAVE_GUARDS_DRINK then return false end
       local TextBox = require("src.render.TextBox")
       local t = game.data.text
+      -- Stepping on the trigger WITH a drink hands it over right here.
+      --
+      -- Route5GateDefaultScript (scripts/Route5Gate.asm) runs
+      -- `farcall RemoveGuardDrink` before it decides anything: the coord
+      -- trigger itself takes the drink and sets
+      -- BIT_GAVE_SAFFRON_GUARDS_DRINK, and only a player carrying nothing
+      -- gets the thirsty line and the walk-back. We had the removal on the
+      -- guard's TALK handler only, so walking up with a FRESH_WATER in the
+      -- bag was turned away and the four gates stayed shut unless you
+      -- happened to talk to him -- which vanilla never requires.
+      --
+      -- Saffron is the middle of the map, so this sealed it: every route
+      -- through the city (Celadon <-> Lavender, Vermilion <-> Cerulean the
+      -- short way) was unreachable, and the bot could not get to Lavender
+      -- for the POKE_FLUTE at all.
+      if takeGuardDrink(game) then
+        game.stack:push(TextBox.new(game,
+          (t._SaffronGateGuardYouCanGoOnThroughText or
+           "Thanks! You can\ngo on through!")))
+        return true
+      end
       local back
       if horizontal then
         back = ow.player.facing == "left" and "right" or "left"
diff --git a/data/scripts/story3.lua b/data/scripts/story3.lua
index 865a2bef..16e81404 100644
--- a/data/scripts/story3.lua
+++ b/data/scripts/story3.lua
@@ -63,7 +63,15 @@ M.ROUTE_12_SUPER_ROD_HOUSE.talk.TEXT_ROUTE12SUPERRODHOUSE_FISHING_GURU[9] =
 
 -- -------------------------------------------------------------------
 -- The ghost Marowak (scripts/PokemonTower6F.asm): blocks the stairs at
--- (10,16) until identified with the Silph Scope and defeated.
+-- (10,16) until defeated.
+--
+-- PokemonTower6FDefaultScript starts the RESTLESS SOUL battle with NO
+-- Silph Scope check at the trigger -- the scope only decides whether the
+-- battle is disguised (IsGhostBattle -> makeGhost: "too scared to move",
+-- balls dodged). An earlier version of this port turned the player back
+-- without the scope and never opened the battle, which made 6F
+-- impassable on any route that skips Rocket Hideout; vanilla lets the
+-- battle open and a POKE_DOLL end it (see wBattleResult below).
 -- -------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 M.POKEMON_TOWER_6F = {
@@ -71,24 +79,30 @@ M.POKEMON_TOWER_6F = {
     if game.save.flags.EVENT_BEAT_GHOST_MAROWAK then return false end
     if x ~= 10 or y ~= 16 then return false end
     local TextBox = require("src.render.TextBox")
-    if not game.save.inventory.SILPH_SCOPE then
-      game.stack:push(TextBox.new(game,
-        "A GHOST blocks\nthe way...\fDarn! You can't\nidentify it!",
-        function()
-          local back = ow.player.facing == "up" and "down" or "up"
-          ow:scriptMove(ow.player, back, 1)
-        end))
-      return true
-    end
+    local t = game.data.text
     game.stack:push(TextBox.new(game,
-      "The GHOST was\nMAROWAK!\fThe restless soul\nattacks!", function()
+      t._PokemonTower6FBeGoneText or "Be gone...\nIntruders...", function()
       local BattleState = require("src.battle.BattleState")
       local battle = BattleState.newWild(game, "MAROWAK", 30)
+      if not game.save.inventory.SILPH_SCOPE then
+        battle:makeGhost()
+      end
       battle.onFinish = function(result)
-        if result == "win" then
+        -- wBattleResult parity (PokemonTower6FMarowakBattleScript's
+        -- "and a / jr nz"): losing writes $1 and running writes $2, but
+        -- ItemUsePokeDoll ends the battle WITHOUT touching it, so the
+        -- script reads 0 -- defeated. That is the famous Poke Doll
+        -- trick, and the speedrun route this bot follows depends on it.
+        if result == "win" or battle.pokeDollEscape then
           game.save.flags.EVENT_BEAT_GHOST_MAROWAK = true
           game.stack:push(TextBox.new(game,
-            "The restless soul\ncalmed down and\ndeparted!"))
+            t._PokemonTower6FSoulWasCalmedText
+            or "The mother's soul\nwas calmed.\012It departed to\nthe afterlife!"))
+        elseif result ~= "lose" then
+          -- .did_not_defeat: one simulated step right, off the trigger,
+          -- so fleeing does not leave you standing on a cell that
+          -- immediately re-fires.
+          ow:scriptMove(ow.player, "right", 1)
         end
         ow:afterBattle(result)
       end
diff --git a/data/scripts/story5.lua b/data/scripts/story5.lua
index 6d7481d6..7027e765 100644
--- a/data/scripts/story5.lua
+++ b/data/scripts/story5.lua
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ local rocketRows = {
   { "jump_if_true", 9 },                                       -- 5
   { "show_text", "_CeruleanCityRocketText" },                  -- 6
   { "start_battle", "trainer", "OPP_ROCKET", 5 },              -- 7
-  { "jump_if_false", 16 },                                     -- 8
+  { "jump_if_false", 18 },                                     -- 8
   { "show_text", "_CeruleanCityRocketIllReturnTheTMText" },    -- 9
   { "set_flag", "EVENT_BEAT_CERULEAN_ROCKET_THIEF" },          -- 10
   { "give_item", "TM_DIG", 1, false },                         -- 11 (row 13 prints)
@@ -368,6 +368,15 @@ local rocketRows = {
   { "show_text", "_CeruleanCityRocketReceivedTM28Text" },      -- 13
   { "show_text", "_CeruleanCityRocketIBetterGetMovingText" },  -- 14
   { "hide_object", "CERULEAN_CITY", "CERULEANCITY_ROCKET" },   -- 15
+  -- CeruleanHideRocket (scripts/CeruleanCity_2.asm) does all three behind
+  -- one fade: the ROCKET goes, GUARD1 (28,12) appears and GUARD2 (27,12)
+  -- disappears.  GUARD2 stands on the only walkable neighbour of the
+  -- trashed house's south door, which is one of the two ways through the
+  -- fence dividing Cerulean, so this swap is what reconnects the city.
+  -- Bill's ticket performs the same swap (data/scripts/story.lua), and
+  -- both are idempotent, so whichever the player reaches first opens it.
+  { "show_object", "CERULEAN_CITY", "CERULEANCITY_GUARD1" },   -- 16
+  { "hide_object", "CERULEAN_CITY", "CERULEANCITY_GUARD2" },   -- 17
 }
 
 M.CERULEAN_CITY = {
diff --git a/main.lua b/main.lua
index 2b14b04d..3c56fd3a 100644
--- a/main.lua
+++ b/main.lua
@@ -13,6 +13,19 @@ local driverCo  -- optional frame-driver (POKEPORT_DRIVER=file.lua): a
                 -- coroutine that receives `Game` and yields once per
                 -- frame; used headless (xvfb) for scripted screenshots
 
+-- --speed N / POKEPORT_SPEED=N: run the logic clock N times faster without
+-- touching audio (src/core/GameSpeed.lua).  Overrides the saved option so a
+-- bot or screenshot run is not at the mercy of the player's last choice.
+local speedOverride = tonumber(os.getenv("POKEPORT_SPEED"))
+
+-- How many times to run a scripted act+step loop per rendered frame.  Only
+-- scripted runs use this; interactive play fast-forwards through
+-- Game.speedOverride / the GAME SPEED option instead.
+local function scriptedIterations()
+  if not (autopilot or driverCo) then return 1 end
+  return math.max(1, math.floor(require("src.core.GameSpeed").clamp(speedOverride)))
+end
+
 local function bootGame()
   Game = require("src.core.Game")
   Game:load()
@@ -24,6 +37,10 @@ local function bootGame()
     local fn = assert(loadfile(driverPath))()
     driverCo = coroutine.create(fn)
   end
+  -- After the two above are known: a scripted run drives the multiplier
+  -- from love.update's loop, so the in-engine one must stay at 1 or the
+  -- two would compound (10x10 = 100 steps per observation).
+  Game.speedOverride = (autopilot or driverCo) and 1 or speedOverride
 end
 
 function love.load(args)
@@ -33,6 +50,8 @@ function love.load(args)
       editorMode = true
     elseif a == "--save" and args[i + 1] and args[i + 1] ~= "" then
       savePath = args[i + 1]
+    elseif a == "--speed" and tonumber(args[i + 1]) then
+      speedOverride = tonumber(args[i + 1])
     end
   end
   love.graphics.setDefaultFilter("nearest", "nearest")
@@ -67,23 +86,36 @@ function love.update(dt)
   if editorMode then return EditorApp.update(dt) end
   if Importer then return Importer:update(dt) end
 
+  -- Scripted runs (autopilot / POKEPORT_DRIVER) observe and act exactly
+  -- once per Game:update, so they must keep a 1:1 relationship with the
+  -- logic step.  Fast-forwarding them by scaling the step inside
+  -- Game:update would run N steps per observation: a held direction walks
+  -- through all N, the player slides past the waypoint, and the script
+  -- re-plans from an overshot cell.  So iterate the whole act+step loop
+  -- instead -- same script, just more of it per rendered frame.
+  local iterations = scriptedIterations()
+
   if autopilot then
-    autopilot.update()
-    Game:update(1 / 60) -- deterministic stepping for the autopilot
+    for _ = 1, iterations do
+      autopilot.update()
+      Game:update(1 / 60) -- deterministic stepping for the autopilot
+    end
     return
   end
   if driverCo then
-    local ok, err = coroutine.resume(driverCo, Game)
-    if not ok then
-      print("driver error: " .. tostring(err))
-      love.event.quit(1)
-      return
+    for _ = 1, iterations do
+      local ok, err = coroutine.resume(driverCo, Game)
+      if not ok then
+        print("driver error: " .. tostring(err))
+        love.event.quit(1)
+        return
+      end
+      if coroutine.status(driverCo) == "dead" then
+        love.event.quit()
+        return
+      end
+      Game:update(1 / 60)
     end
-    if coroutine.status(driverCo) == "dead" then
-      love.event.quit()
-      return
-    end
-    Game:update(1 / 60)
     return
   end
   Game:update(dt)
diff --git a/scripts/test.sh b/scripts/test.sh
index bcd2accb..b36997ad 100755
--- a/scripts/test.sh
+++ b/scripts/test.sh
@@ -78,23 +78,14 @@ run_tier "T4 mod-SDK" "$LUA" tests/run_modkit.lua
 # ------- content tier: only meaningful with an imported ROM
 
 
-# tests/run_tests.lua carries two pre-existing failures that are stale
-# about the chip-audio architecture rather than real defects:
-#
-#   Pikachu cry WAV exists        nothing writes .wav any more -- cries are
-#                                 synthesized at play time from
-#                                 Data.audio.cries + programs.bin
-#   low-health alarm sfx extracted  the importer deliberately does not
-#                                 extract it; Sound.startLoop falls back to
-#                                 ChipAudio.newLowHealthAlarm (Sound.lua:268)
-#
-# They are left in place (fixing them is a separate, reviewed change), so
-# the tier passes on exactly this baseline and fails the moment a third
-# failure appears or one of these two changes identity.  Ignoring the exit
-# code outright would hide every future content regression.
-KNOWN_CONTENT_FAILURES=2
-KNOWN_CONTENT_LINES="FAIL Pikachu cry WAV exists
-FAIL low-health alarm sfx extracted"
+# tests/run_tests.lua is expected to be clean.  It used to carry two stale
+# chip-audio assertions on the allowlist below (Pikachu cry WAV exists /
+# low-health alarm sfx extracted); both have since been fixed, so the
+# baseline is zero and any failure fails the tier.  Keep the allowlist
+# mechanism rather than ignoring the exit code -- that would hide every
+# future content regression.
+KNOWN_CONTENT_FAILURES=0
+KNOWN_CONTENT_LINES=""
 
 run_content_behavior() {
   local out
@@ -107,7 +98,9 @@ run_content_behavior() {
   if [ "$count" -eq "$KNOWN_CONTENT_FAILURES" ] \
      && [ "$lines" = "$(printf '%s\n' "$KNOWN_CONTENT_LINES" | sort)" ]; then
     printf '%s\n' "$out" | tail -3
-    echo "(the $KNOWN_CONTENT_FAILURES known stale audio assertions, unchanged)"
+    if [ "$KNOWN_CONTENT_FAILURES" -gt 0 ]; then
+      echo "(the $KNOWN_CONTENT_FAILURES known stale assertions, unchanged)"
+    fi
     return 0
   fi
 
diff --git a/src/battle/BattleState.lua b/src/battle/BattleState.lua
index 02c1311b..3268a5b8 100644
--- a/src/battle/BattleState.lua
+++ b/src/battle/BattleState.lua
@@ -2559,15 +2559,25 @@ function BattleState:learnMove(mon, moveId)
 end
 
 function BattleState:playerMonFainted()
-  if self.result then return end -- double faint: the battle is decided
   local nextMon = Party.firstHealthy(self.game.save.party)
-  if not nextMon then
+  -- Being out of useable POKéMON blacks you out even when the battle was
+  -- already decided in our favour.  A double faint -- our last mon dying
+  -- to residual damage on the turn it lands the KO -- used to hit the
+  -- "battle is decided" guard below and return with result = "win", so
+  -- afterBattle never took the lose branch: no revive, no warp to the
+  -- heal point, and the player was left standing on the map with a party
+  -- at 0 HP.  Nothing recovers from that state (every later encounter
+  -- aborts with "no healthy party"), and it is not reachable in pokered:
+  -- HandlePlayerMonFainted runs the player-side check on its own, so
+  -- losing your last mon always blacks you out whatever the enemy did.
+  if not nextMon and self.result ~= "lose" then
     self:sayNext(("%s is out of\nuseable POKéMON!"):format(self.game.save.player.name))
     self:sayNext(("%s blacked\nout!"):format(self.game.save.player.name))
     self.result = "lose"
     self.afterQueue = "finish"
     return
   end
+  if self.result then return end -- double faint: the battle is decided
   -- DoUseNextMonDialogue (core.asm:1052-1078): only WILD battles ask
   -- "Use next POKéMON?"; NO goes through the run check with party slot
   -- 1's speed, and a failed run still forces the party menu.  Trainer
@@ -3026,6 +3036,17 @@ function BattleState:finish()
     self.phase = "messages"
     return
   end
+  -- Invariant: a battle can never hand the overworld a party with nothing
+  -- healthy in it.  afterBattle only revives and warps to the heal point on
+  -- "lose", so any other result here strands the player at 0 HP with no way
+  -- back -- an unrecoverable state, not merely a wrong one.  playerMonFainted
+  -- is the path that should have caught this; if we land here it did not, so
+  -- say so rather than silently papering over it.
+  if self.result ~= "lose" and not Party.firstHealthy(self.game.save.party) then
+    Logger.warn("battle finished %s with no healthy party; forcing blackout",
+                tostring(self.result))
+    self.result = "lose"
+  end
   self.lockedBall = nil
   -- pokered never writes Mimic's copy into the party struct; leaving
   -- battle discards the battle copy, so the original ids come back
diff --git a/src/core/Data.lua b/src/core/Data.lua
index 67fb0c50..3a0f4621 100644
--- a/src/core/Data.lua
+++ b/src/core/Data.lua
@@ -41,7 +41,11 @@ local CONSTANT_DEFAULTS = {
 -- field.boot is the total-conversion override point for the new game; the
 -- values match what SaveData.newGame and the Oak speech used to inline.
 local BOOT_DEFAULTS = {
-  startMap = "PALLET_TOWN", startX = 5, startY = 6, startFacing = "down",
+  -- special_warps.asm NewGameWarp: REDS_HOUSE_2F, 3, 6 -- the bedroom, not
+  -- the tile outside the house. lastHeal is deliberately absent: SaveData
+  -- derives the vanilla blackout point, and seeding it here would leak into
+  -- total conversions that patch the spawn without naming a heal point.
+  startMap = "REDS_HOUSE_2F", startX = 3, startY = 6, startFacing = "down",
   playerName = "RED", rivalName = "BLUE",
   startMoney = 3000,
   screens = { splash = "IntroMovie", title = "TitleState", newGame = "OakSpeech" },
diff --git a/src/core/Game.lua b/src/core/Game.lua
index c2aa40dd..09ef6905 100644
--- a/src/core/Game.lua
+++ b/src/core/Game.lua
@@ -148,14 +148,38 @@ function Game:step(dt)
   self.stack:update(dt)
   -- play time for the trainer card / save screen
   self.save.playTime = (self.save.playTime or 0) + dt
-  require("src.core.Music").update(Data)
+  -- Music.update is NOT serviced here: it decrements fade counters and
+  -- drives ChipAudio once per call, so running it inside the logic step
+  -- would pitch music and sfx up under fast-forward. Game:update advances
+  -- it on its own real-time 60Hz accumulator instead.
+end
+
+-- The logic multiplier for this frame. Read live rather than cached so the
+-- Options row takes effect immediately; speedOverride is the --speed /
+-- POKEPORT_SPEED run argument, which wins over the saved option so a bot
+-- or screenshot run does not depend on whatever the player last chose.
+function Game:logicSpeed()
+  local GameSpeed = require("src.core.GameSpeed")
+  if self.speedOverride then return GameSpeed.clamp(self.speedOverride) end
+  local opts = self.save and self.save.options
+  return GameSpeed.clamp(opts and opts.speed or GameSpeed.DEFAULT)
 end
 
 function Game:update(dt)
   -- Touch timers / prior-frame auto-releases before the fixed step so
   -- deferred A and edge pulses land in Input's press queue for this step.
   TouchInput:update(dt)
-  FixedStep:update(dt)
+  -- Fast-forward scales only the logic clock (see src/core/GameSpeed.lua).
+  FixedStep:update(dt * self:logicSpeed())
+  -- Audio runs off real time at a fixed 60Hz regardless of game speed or
+  -- display refresh, so fades and chip synthesis keep their intended tempo
+  -- whether we are at 1X, 10X, or running with vsync disabled.
+  local step = FixedStep.STEP
+  self.audioAccum = math.min((self.audioAccum or 0) + dt, 0.25)
+  while self.audioAccum >= step do
+    self.audioAccum = self.audioAccum - step
+    require("src.core.Music").update(Data)
+  end
   -- Overworld tilt toggle tween: presentational, so it runs on the real
   -- frame dt (not the fixed logic step) for a smooth ~0.25s glide.
   require("src.render.Tilt").update(dt)
diff --git a/src/core/GameSpeed.lua b/src/core/GameSpeed.lua
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bfdf2136
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/GameSpeed.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+-- Fast-forward multiplier for game logic.
+--
+-- Speeding up means running the 1/60 fixed step N times per real frame
+-- (Game:update), so everything driven by the step -- movement, text,
+-- battle timing, scripts -- advances N times faster while staying
+-- deterministic. Audio deliberately does NOT scale: Music.update drives
+-- fade counters and ChipAudio synthesis off its own real-time 60Hz
+-- accumulator in Game:update, so music and sfx play at normal pitch and
+-- tempo at every speed.
+--
+-- Vsync still caps how much work a real frame can do, so 10X is a target
+-- rather than a promise on a slow machine -- the logic simply runs as many
+-- steps as the frame budget allows.
+
+local GameSpeed = {}
+
+-- 20X exists for the bot runs (tests/drivers/route.lua): a full-route
+-- attempt is long enough that the iteration loop, not the engine, is the
+-- bottleneck. Vsync caps how much a real frame can do, so past 10X the
+-- multiplier is increasingly a ceiling rather than a rate.
+GameSpeed.LEVELS = { 1, 2, 4, 10, 20, 30, 50, 75 }
+GameSpeed.DEFAULT = 1
+
+function GameSpeed.levelLabel(v)
+  v = tonumber(v) or GameSpeed.DEFAULT
+  if v == 1 then return "NORMAL" end
+  return tostring(v) .. "X"
+end
+
+-- nearest valid level for an arbitrary value (a hand-edited options.lua or
+-- a --speed argument), so a bad number degrades to something sane
+function GameSpeed.clamp(v)
+  v = tonumber(v)
+  if not v then return GameSpeed.DEFAULT end
+  local best, bestDiff = GameSpeed.DEFAULT, math.huge
+  for _, level in ipairs(GameSpeed.LEVELS) do
+    local diff = math.abs(level - v)
+    if diff < bestDiff then best, bestDiff = level, diff end
+  end
+  return best
+end
+
+-- cycle to the next/previous level, wrapping (the options row idiom)
+function GameSpeed.cycle(v, dir)
+  local levels = GameSpeed.LEVELS
+  local cur = 1
+  for i, level in ipairs(levels) do
+    if level == GameSpeed.clamp(v) then cur = i break end
+  end
+  local nextIdx = (cur - 1 + (dir or 1)) % #levels + 1
+  return levels[nextIdx]
+end
+
+return GameSpeed
diff --git a/src/core/SaveData.lua b/src/core/SaveData.lua
index ff3f6958..9bf30d59 100644
--- a/src/core/SaveData.lua
+++ b/src/core/SaveData.lua
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ function SaveData.defaultOptions()
     musicVol = 7,
     sfxVol = 7,
     musicFilter = 0,
+    -- logic fast-forward multiplier; audio is unaffected (GameSpeed.lua)
+    speed = 1,
     -- port display options (OptionsMenu / hotkeys 2/3/5)
     colors = "gbc",
     tilt = 0,
@@ -516,8 +518,8 @@ end
 
 local function scrubMaps(save, data, report)
   local boot = (data.field and data.field.boot) or {}
-  local spawn = { map = boot.startMap or "PALLET_TOWN",
-                  x = boot.startX or 5, y = boot.startY or 6 }
+  local spawn = { map = boot.startMap or "REDS_HOUSE_2F",
+                  x = boot.startX or 3, y = boot.startY or 6 }
   -- heal point first, so the player fallback below always lands somewhere
   -- valid; boot's heal cell (threaded from field.boot) is the last resort
   if save.lastHeal and not known(data.maps, save.lastHeal.map) then
@@ -627,11 +629,31 @@ end
 -- boot is Data.field.boot, threaded in by Game: this module must not reach
 -- into Data itself.  Every read falls back to the Red literal it replaced,
 -- so an absent or partial config still produces the vanilla new game.
+-- Where blackouts and ESCAPE ROPE return to for a given boot config.
+--
+-- In vanilla this is NOT the spawn. wLastBlackoutMap is zero-filled at new
+-- game and PALLET_TOWN is map 0, so the player starts in the bedroom
+-- (special_warps.asm NewGameWarp) but blacks out to Pallet Town's fly_warp
+-- cell (5, 6). A world that moves the spawn without naming a heal point
+-- keeps the two together -- it may have no Pallet Town at all.
+--
+-- Shared with the Hall of Fame reset, which pokered writes as a literal
+-- (HallOfFameResetEventsAndSaveScript: wLastBlackoutMap := PALLET_TOWN)
+-- rather than deriving from the spawn.
+function SaveData.defaultHeal(boot)
+  boot = type(boot) == "table" and boot or {}
+  local h = boot.lastHeal
+  if h then return { map = h.map, x = h.x, y = h.y } end
+  local map = boot.startMap or "REDS_HOUSE_2F"
+  if map == "REDS_HOUSE_2F" then return { map = "PALLET_TOWN", x = 5, y = 6 } end
+  return { map = map, x = boot.startX or 3, y = boot.startY or 6 }
+end
+
 function SaveData.newGame(boot)
   boot = type(boot) == "table" and boot or {}
-  local map = boot.startMap or "PALLET_TOWN"
-  local x, y = boot.startX or 5, boot.startY or 6
-  local heal = boot.lastHeal or {}
+  local map = boot.startMap or "REDS_HOUSE_2F"
+  local x, y = boot.startX or 3, boot.startY or 6
+  local heal = SaveData.defaultHeal(boot)
   local save = {
     meta = { format = Version.saveFormat, mods = {} },
     player = {
@@ -655,6 +677,12 @@ function SaveData.newGame(boot)
     -- where blackouts and ESCAPE ROPE return to (updated by nurses);
     -- copied, never aliased, so a save never writes back into Data
     lastHeal = { map = heal.map or map, x = heal.x or x, y = heal.y or y },
+    -- Interiors inherit the SGB palette of the last outdoor map. wLastMap
+    -- is zero-filled at new game and PALLET_TOWN is map 0, so before the
+    -- player has ever been outdoors that palette is Pallet Town's -- which
+    -- matters because the vanilla spawn (REDS_HOUSE_2F) is itself indoors.
+    -- Without this the palette falls through to the ROUTE default.
+    lastOutdoor = { id = heal.map or map, x = heal.x or x, y = heal.y or y },
     repelSteps = 0,
     -- per-mod persistence (mod.save) lives under here, keyed by mod id
     modData = {},
diff --git a/src/script/Commands.lua b/src/script/Commands.lua
index b35b6e5f..3918edff 100644
--- a/src/script/Commands.lua
+++ b/src/script/Commands.lua
@@ -523,11 +523,11 @@ function Commands.record_hall_of_fame(ctx)
       -- save keeps the player standing in the HALL_OF_FAME room.  (The
       -- E4 room-script/event resets that precede the save in pokered are
       -- the Indigo lobby's re-entry reset here, data/scripts/story6.lua.)
-      -- The reset heal point is field.boot's spawn, PALLET_TOWN (5,6)
-      -- in the vanilla dataset.
+      -- pokered writes PALLET_TOWN here as a literal, not as "the spawn" --
+      -- the vanilla spawn is REDS_HOUSE_2F. SaveData.defaultHeal carries
+      -- that split (and lets a total conversion redirect it).
       local boot = game.data.field and game.data.field.boot or {}
-      ctx.save.lastHeal = { map = boot.startMap or "PALLET_TOWN",
-                            x = boot.startX or 5, y = boot.startY or 6 }
+      ctx.save.lastHeal = require("src.core.SaveData").defaultHeal(boot)
       if game.writeSave then game:writeSave() end
     end)
   end)
diff --git a/src/ui/BagMenu.lua b/src/ui/BagMenu.lua
index b384b184..fc637eed 100644
--- a/src/ui/BagMenu.lua
+++ b/src/ui/BagMenu.lua
@@ -71,6 +71,12 @@ local function useOn(game, battle, id, target, list, moveIndex)
     consume(game, id)
     list:close()
     showMessages(game, payload, function()
+      -- ItemUsePokeDoll sets wEscapedFromBattle and never touches
+      -- wBattleResult, so a script that reads the result afterwards sees
+      -- 0 -- "defeated". The ghost MAROWAK's script keys on exactly that
+      -- (the Poke Doll trick); the flag lets it tell this escape from an
+      -- ordinary RUN, which writes $2.
+      battle.pokeDollEscape = true
       battle.result = "run"
       battle.afterQueue = "finish"
       battle.phase = "messages"
diff --git a/src/ui/OptionsMenu.lua b/src/ui/OptionsMenu.lua
index f526963c..091a9962 100644
--- a/src/ui/OptionsMenu.lua
+++ b/src/ui/OptionsMenu.lua
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 local PaletteFX = require("src.render.PaletteFX")
 local Tilt = require("src.render.Tilt")
 local GBCFX = require("src.render.GBCFX")
+local GameSpeed = require("src.core.GameSpeed")
 local Logger = require("src.core.Logger")
 local Runtime = require("src.mods.Runtime")
 local OptionRows = require("src.ui.OptionRows")
@@ -190,6 +191,17 @@ local function buildRows(game)
         GBCFX.setLevel(o.gbcfx)
         return true
       end },
+    -- fast-forward the logic clock only; music and sfx keep their tempo
+    -- (src/core/GameSpeed.lua), so this is safe to leave on
+    { id = "speed", label = "GAME SPEED",
+      value = function(g)
+        return GameSpeed.levelLabel(g.save.options.speed)
+      end,
+      step = function(g, dir)
+        local o = g.save.options
+        o.speed = GameSpeed.cycle(o.speed, dir)
+        return true
+      end },
     -- the manager's discoverable home (18-mod-manager-ux); inert until
     -- opened, so the row costs a vanilla install nothing
     { id = "mods", label = "MODS",
diff --git a/src/world/OverworldController.lua b/src/world/OverworldController.lua
index 594e2f25..070ba7ea 100644
--- a/src/world/OverworldController.lua
+++ b/src/world/OverworldController.lua
@@ -360,10 +360,15 @@ function OverworldState:paletteNameFor(map)
   local palettes = FieldDefaults.field(Game.data, "palettes")
   local name = map.def.palette or paletteLookup(palettes, map.id, map.def.tileset)
   if not name then
-    -- interiors inherit the outdoor map they sit in; before the player has
-    -- been outdoors at all that is wherever the game starts
+    -- Interiors inherit the outdoor map they sit in. Before the player has
+    -- been outdoors at all, that is wLastMap's zero-fill -- map 0,
+    -- PALLET_TOWN -- and NOT the spawn: the vanilla spawn (REDS_HOUSE_2F)
+    -- is itself an interior and would fall through to the ROUTE default.
+    -- defaultHeal derives the same zero-fill map (wLastBlackoutMap shares
+    -- the reasoning) and lets a total conversion redirect it.
+    local boot = (Game.data.field and Game.data.field.boot) or {}
     local last = self.lastOutdoor and self.lastOutdoor.id
-                 or FieldDefaults.fieldValue(Game.data, "boot", "startMap")
+                 or require("src.core.SaveData").defaultHeal(boot).map
     local lastDef = last and Game.data.maps[last]
     name = (last and paletteLookup(palettes, last, lastDef and lastDef.tileset))
            or palettes.default
@@ -2275,8 +2280,19 @@ function OverworldState:onStepComplete()
   -- arriving on a door/warp tile warp; a non-door warp square also fires
   -- when the extra check passes and the d-pad is held
   -- (CheckWarpsNoCollision)
+  -- The cell we warped in on is inert until we step off it: standing on it,
+  -- or being walked back onto it before leaving, does not re-fire (see
+  -- warpEntryCell where it is set). Once we are on any other cell it clears
+  -- and every warp is live again.
+  local entry = self.warpEntryCell
+  if entry and (p.cellX ~= entry.x or p.cellY ~= entry.y) then
+    self.warpEntryCell = nil
+    entry = nil
+  end
   if self.justWarped then
     self.justWarped = false
+  elseif entry then
+    -- still standing on the warp we arrived through; do not re-trigger it
   else
     local w = Warp.onArrive(self.map, p.cellX, p.cellY)
     if not w and self:dirHeld() then
@@ -2777,6 +2793,12 @@ function OverworldState:startWarpTo(mapId, x, y, facing, onDone, opts)
   Game.stack:push(Transition.new(Game, function()
     self:setMap(mapId, x, y, facing or "down", opts)
     self.justWarped = true
+    -- The warp we land ON stays inert until we physically step off it, so a
+    -- warp whose destination cell is itself a warp cannot bounce us straight
+    -- back (elevator cars, stacked stair/door mats). This generalizes the
+    -- one-step justWarped guard, which only skipped the very next frame's
+    -- check and so let a mon walked back onto the pad re-trigger it.
+    self.warpEntryCell = { x = x, y = y }
     -- Fly/Teleport/Dig/Escape-Rope/blackout landings poof the player
     -- back in (player_animations.asm EnterMapAnim); ordinary door
     -- warps never take this branch
diff --git a/tests/drivers/bot_route.lua b/tests/drivers/bot_route.lua
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c26e443d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/drivers/bot_route.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,2184 @@
+-- Generated by tools/botconv/convert.lua from PokeBotBad's any% route.
+-- Do not edit; edit tools/botconv/table.lua and regenerate.
+return {
+  { map = "REDS_HOUSE_2F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 1 },
+  } },
+  { map = "REDS_HOUSE_1F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 8 },
+  } },
+  { map = "PALLET_TOWN", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 1 },
+  } },
+  { map = "OAKS_LAB", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 4 },
+    { op = "talk" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 6 },
+    { op = "battle" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 12 },
+  } },
+  { map = "PALLET_TOWN", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = -1 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_1", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 35 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 30 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 30 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 24 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 24 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 20 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 20 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = -1 },
+  } },
+  { map = "VIRIDIAN_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 20, y = 35 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 20, y = 28 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 19, y = 28 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 19, y = 20 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 29, y = 20 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 29, y = 19 },
+  } },
+  { map = "VIRIDIAN_MART", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 8 },
+  } },
+  { map = "VIRIDIAN_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 29, y = 20 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 29, y = 21 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 26, y = 21 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 26, y = 30 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 20, y = 30 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 20, y = 36 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_1", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 0 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 18 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 18 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 21 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 21 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 24 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 24 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 36 },
+  } },
+  { map = "PALLET_TOWN", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 0 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 11 },
+  } },
+  { map = "OAKS_LAB", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 1 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "down" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 12 },
+  } },
+  { map = "PALLET_TOWN", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = -1 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_1", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 35 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 30 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 30 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 24 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 24 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 20 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 20 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = -1 },
+  } },
+  { map = "VIRIDIAN_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 20, y = 35 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 20, y = 28 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 19, y = 28 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 19, y = 20 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 29, y = 20 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 29, y = 19 },
+  } },
+  { map = "VIRIDIAN_MART", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 5 },
+    { op = "shop", list = "viridianBalls" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 8 },
+  } },
+  { map = "VIRIDIAN_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 29, y = 20 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 20 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 17 },
+    { op = "goto", x = -1, y = 17 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_22", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 39, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 35, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 35, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 33, y = 12 },
+    { op = "allowCatch", mon = "nidoran" },
+    { op = "manual", name = "catchNidoran" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 33, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 37, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 37, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 40, y = 9 },
+  } },
+  { map = "VIRIDIAN_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 0, y = 17 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 17 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 4 },
+    { op = "pickup" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 0 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = -1 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_2", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 71 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 57 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 57 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 52 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 52 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 44 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 44 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 43 },
+  } },
+  { map = "VIRIDIAN_FOREST_SOUTH_GATE", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 0 },
+  } },
+  { map = "VIRIDIAN_FOREST", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 47 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 43 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 26, y = 43 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 26, y = 34 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 25, y = 34 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 25, y = 32 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 27, y = 32 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 27, y = 20 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 25, y = 20 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 25, y = 12 },
+    { op = "pickup" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 25, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 22 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 22 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 19 },
+    { op = "pickup" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 18 },
+    { op = "battle" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 16 },
+    { op = "heal" },
+    { op = "heal", status = true },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 5 },
+    { op = "heal", status = true },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = -1 },
+  } },
+  { map = "VIRIDIAN_FOREST_NORTH_GATE", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 7 },
+    { op = "manual", name = "exitForest" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 0 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_2", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = -1 },
+  } },
+  { map = "PEWTER_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 35 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 22 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 19, y = 22 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 19, y = 13 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 13 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 18 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 18 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 17 },
+  } },
+  { map = "PEWTER_GYM", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 13 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 2 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "up" },
+    { op = "battle" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 14 },
+  } },
+  { map = "PEWTER_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 18 },
+    { op = "heal" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 18 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 13 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 21, y = 13 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 21, y = 18 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 18 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 17 },
+  } },
+  { map = "PEWTER_MART", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 5 },
+    { op = "shop", list = "pewter" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 8 },
+  } },
+  { map = "PEWTER_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 18 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 40, y = 18 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_3", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 0, y = 10 },
+    { op = "allowCatch", mon = "flier" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 6 },
+    { op = "battle" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 4 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "right" },
+    { op = "battle" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 5 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "right" },
+    { op = "swapMove", move = "horn_attack", to = 0 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 22, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 22, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 5 },
+    { op = "heal", hp = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 24, y = 5 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "down" },
+    { op = "battle" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 27, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 27, y = 9 },
+    { op = "battle" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 37, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 37, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 49, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 49, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 57, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 57, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 59, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 59, y = -1 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_4", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 5 },
+  } },
+  { map = "MT_MOON_POKECENTER", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 3 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "up" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 8 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_4", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 5 },
+  } },
+  { map = "MT_MOON_1F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 35 },
+    { op = "allowCatch", mon = "paras" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 22 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 21, y = 22 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 21, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 24, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 24, y = 27 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 25, y = 27 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 25, y = 31 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "left" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 25, y = 32 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 33, y = 32 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 33, y = 31 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 34, y = 31 },
+    { op = "pickup", face = "right" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 35, y = 31 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 35, y = 23 },
+    { op = "pickup", face = "right" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 35, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 30, y = 7 },
+    { op = "manual", name = "evolveNidorino" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 28, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 17 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 17 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 3 },
+    { op = "pickup", face = "up" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 5 },
+  } },
+  { map = "MT_MOON_B1F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 17 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 21, y = 17 },
+  } },
+  { map = "MT_MOON_B2F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 21, y = 17 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 22, y = 17 },
+    { op = "manual", name = "evolveNidoking" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 17 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 27, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 27, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 33, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 33, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 36, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 36, y = 24 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 32, y = 24 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 32, y = 31 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 31 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 18 },
+    { op = "heal", hp = 11 },
+    { op = "manual", name = "evolveNidoking" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 17 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 17 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 9 },
+    { op = "heal", hp = 7 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "up" },
+    { op = "battle" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 7 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "up" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 7 },
+  } },
+  { map = "MT_MOON_B1F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 27, y = 3 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_4", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 24, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 24, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 35, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 35, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 61, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 61, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 79, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 79, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 90, y = 10 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CERULEAN_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 0, y = 18 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 18 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 19, y = 18 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 19, y = 17 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CERULEAN_POKECENTER", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 3 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "up" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 8 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CERULEAN_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 19, y = 18 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 18 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 11 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CERULEAN_BADGE_HOUSE", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 0 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CERULEAN_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 8 },
+    { op = "pickup", face = "right" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 10 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CERULEAN_BADGE_HOUSE", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 8 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CERULEAN_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 21, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 21, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 21, y = -1 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_24", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 35 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 32 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "up" },
+    { op = "battle" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 32 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 29 },
+    { op = "heal", hp = 12 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "up" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 29 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 27 },
+    { op = "heal", hp = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 26 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "up" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 26 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 24 },
+    { op = "teach", move = "thrash" },
+    { op = "heal", hp = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 23 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "up" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 23 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 21 },
+    { op = "teach", move = "thrash" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 20 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "up" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 20 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 19 },
+    { op = "teach", move = "thrash" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 15 },
+    { op = "teach", move = "thrash" },
+    { op = "battle" },
+    { op = "teach", move = "thrash" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 20, y = 8 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_25", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 0, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 5 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "up" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 5 },
+    { op = "useItem" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 7 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "down" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 20, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 20, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 22, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 22, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 6 },
+    { op = "heal", hp = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 35, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 35, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 36, y = 4 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "right" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 36, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 38, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 38, y = 4 },
+    { op = "useItem" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 45, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 45, y = 3 },
+  } },
+  { map = "BILLS_HOUSE", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 5 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "right" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 5 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "up" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 5 },
+    { op = "manual", name = "talkToBill" },
+    { op = "talk" },
+    { op = "useItem", item = "escape_rope" },
+  } },
+  { map = "CERULEAN_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 19, y = 18 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 19, y = 20 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 30, y = 20 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 30, y = 19 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CERULEAN_GYM", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 13 },
+    { op = "heal" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 3 },
+    { op = "battle" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 2 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "left" },
+    { op = "battle" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 14 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CERULEAN_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 30, y = 20 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 20 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 27, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 27, y = 11 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CERULEAN_TRASHED_HOUSE", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 0 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CERULEAN_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 27, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 28, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 30, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 33, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 33, y = 18 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 36, y = 18 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 36, y = 31 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 25, y = 31 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 25, y = 36 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_5", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 0 },
+    { op = "heal" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 28 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 28 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 27 },
+  } },
+  { map = "UNDERGROUND_PATH_ROUTE_5", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 4 },
+  } },
+  { map = "UNDERGROUND_PATH_NORTH_SOUTH", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 41 },
+  } },
+  { map = "UNDERGROUND_PATH_ROUTE_6", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 8 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_6", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 14 },
+    { op = "allowCatch", mon = "oddish" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 15 },
+    { op = "heal", hp = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 19 },
+    { op = "manual", name = "catchOddish" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 29 },
+    { op = "heal", hp = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 29 },
+    { op = "battle", face = "down" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 29 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 30 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 31 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 31 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 36 },
+  } },
+  { map = "VERMILION_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 19, y = 0 },
+    { op = "allowCatch", mon = false },
+    { op = "goto", x = 19, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 21, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 21, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 13 },
+  } },
+  { map = "VERMILION_MART", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 5 },
+    { op = "shop", list = "vermilion" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 8 },
+  } },
+  { map = "VERMILION_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 30, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 30, y = 26 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 26 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 31 },
+  } },
+  { map = "VERMILION_DOCK", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 0 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 3 },
+  } },
+  { map = "SS_ANNE_1F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 27, y = 0 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 27, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 26, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 26, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 6 },
+  } },
+  { map = "SS_ANNE_2F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 37, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 37, y = 9 },
+    { op = "swapItem", dest = "potion", item = 2 },
+    { op = "heal", hp = 25 },
+    { op = "teach", move = "bubblebeam", replace = "tackle" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 37, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 36, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 36, y = 4 },
+  } },
+  { map = "SS_ANNE_CAPTAINS_ROOM", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 0, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 0, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 3 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "up" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 0, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 0, y = 7 },
+  } },
+  { map = "SS_ANNE_2F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 36, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 36, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 4 },
+  } },
+  { map = "SS_ANNE_1F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 26, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 26, y = -1 },
+  } },
+  { map = "VERMILION_DOCK", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 2 },
+  } },
+  { map = "VERMILION_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 29 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 26 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 30, y = 26 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 30, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 17 },
+    { op = "swapItem", dest = 0, item = "repel" },
+    { op = "teach", mon = { "oddish", "paras" }, move = "cut" },
+    { op = "teach", mon = { "paras", "squirtle" }, move = "dig" },
+    { op = "fieldMove", move = "cut" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 20 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 20 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 19 },
+  } },
+  { map = "VERMILION_GYM", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 17 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 11 },
+    { op = "manual", name = "trashcans" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 2 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "up" },
+    { op = "battle" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 13 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 13 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 18 },
+  } },
+  { map = "VERMILION_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 20 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 20 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 19 },
+    { op = "fieldMove", move = "cut" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 13 },
+  } },
+  { map = "POKEMON_FAN_CLUB", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 0, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 0, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 1 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "right" },
+    { op = "fieldMove", map = 90, move = "dig" },
+  } },
+  { map = "CERULEAN_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 19, y = 18 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 19, y = 23 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 23 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 26 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 26 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 25 },
+  } },
+  { map = "BIKE_SHOP", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 2 },
+    { op = "talk" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 8 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CERULEAN_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 26 },
+    { op = "swapItem", dest = 1, item = "bicycle" },
+    { op = "teach", move = "thunderbolt", replace = "horn_attack" },
+    { op = "bike" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 19, y = 26 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 19, y = 27 },
+    { op = "fieldMove", move = "cut" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 19, y = 29 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 36, y = 29 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 36, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 40, y = 16 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_9", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 0, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 8 },
+    { op = "fieldMove", move = "cut" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 9 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "down" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 29, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 29, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 41, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 41, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 40, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 40, y = 9 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "up" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 41, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 41, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 39, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 39, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 45, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 45, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 51, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 51, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 60, y = 8 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_10", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 0, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 26 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 26 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 18 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 18 },
+    { op = "useItem", item = "repel" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 18 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 17 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROCK_TUNNEL_1F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 3 },
+    { op = "heal" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 7 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "down" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 22, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 22, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 37, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 37, y = 3 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROCK_TUNNEL_B1F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 33, y = 25 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 33, y = 30 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 27, y = 30 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "left" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 27, y = 31 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 31 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 29 },
+    { op = "heal", hp = 6 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "up" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 29 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 24 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 25, y = 24 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 25, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 37, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 37, y = 11 },
+    { op = "useItem", item = "repel" },
+    { op = "heal" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 37, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 27, y = 3 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROCK_TUNNEL_1F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 11 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROCK_TUNNEL_B1F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 17 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 17 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 10 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "left" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 11 },
+    { op = "useItem", item = "repel" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 3 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROCK_TUNNEL_1F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 37, y = 17 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 32, y = 17 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 32, y = 23 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 37, y = 23 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 37, y = 28 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 28, y = 28 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 26, y = 24 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 24 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "left" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 27 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 27 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 33 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_10", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 54 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 54 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 65 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 65 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 69 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 69 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 72 },
+  } },
+  { map = "LAVENDER_TOWN", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 0 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 0, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 0, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = -1, y = 8 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_8", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 59, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 52, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 52, y = 13 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 47, y = 13 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "left" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 47, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 42, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 42, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 40, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 40, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 29, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 29, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 3 },
+  } },
+  { map = "UNDERGROUND_PATH_ROUTE_8", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 4 },
+  } },
+  { map = "UNDERGROUND_PATH_WEST_EAST", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 47, y = 2 },
+    { op = "bike" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 47, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 22, y = 5 },
+    { op = "useItem" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 5 },
+  } },
+  { map = "UNDERGROUND_PATH_ROUTE_7", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 8 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_7", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 14 },
+    { op = "bike" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = -1, y = 3 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CELADON_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 49, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 13 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CELADON_MART_1F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 7 },
+    { op = "heal" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 1 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CELADON_MART_2F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 5 },
+    { op = "shop", list = "tm07" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 5 },
+    { op = "shop", list = "repels" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 1 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CELADON_MART_3F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 1 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CELADON_MART_4F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 5 },
+    { op = "shop", list = "pokeDoll" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 1 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CELADON_MART_5F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 1 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CELADON_MART_ROOF", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 3 },
+    { op = "shop", list = "vending" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 4 },
+    { op = "manual", name = "giveWater" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 3 },
+    { op = "shop", list = "water" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 2 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CELADON_MART_5F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 5 },
+    { op = "shop", list = "buffs" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 1 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CELADON_MART_ELEVATOR", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 1 },
+    { op = "manual", name = "deptElevator" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 4 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CELADON_MART_1F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 8 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CELADON_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 14 },
+    { op = "bike" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 18 },
+    { op = "goto", x = -1, y = 18 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_16", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 39, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 34, y = 10 },
+    { op = "fieldMove", face = "up", move = "cut" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 34, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 27, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 27, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 4 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_16_GATE_1F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = -1, y = 2 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_16", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 5 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_16_FLY_HOUSE", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 4 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "up" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 8 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_16", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 6 },
+    { op = "swapItem", dest = 1, item = "super_repel" },
+    { op = "heal", hp = 10 },
+    { op = "teach", move = "horn_drill", replace = "bubblebeam" },
+    { op = "useItem", item = "super_repel" },
+    { op = "swapItem", dest = 2, item = "x_accuracy" },
+    { op = "teach", mon = { "spearow", "pidgey" }, move = "fly" },
+    { op = "teach", move = "rock_slide", replace = "poison_sting" },
+    { op = "fly", dest = "lavender", map = 4 },
+  } },
+  { map = "LAVENDER_TOWN", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 5 },
+  } },
+  { map = "POKEMON_TOWER_1F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 17 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 9 },
+  } },
+  { map = "POKEMON_TOWER_2F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 5 },
+    { op = "battle" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 9 },
+  } },
+  { map = "POKEMON_TOWER_3F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 13 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 13 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 9 },
+  } },
+  { map = "POKEMON_TOWER_4F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 9 },
+    { op = "heal" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 7 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "left" },
+    { op = "battle" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 9 },
+    { op = "heal" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 10 },
+    { op = "pickup", face = "left" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 9 },
+  } },
+  { map = "POKEMON_TOWER_5F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 11 },
+    { op = "pickup", face = "down" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 9 },
+  } },
+  { map = "POKEMON_TOWER_6F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 5 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "left" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 7 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "down" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 16 },
+    { op = "manual", name = "pokeDoll" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 16 },
+  } },
+  { map = "POKEMON_TOWER_7F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 9 },
+    { op = "battle" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 4 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "up" },
+  } },
+  { map = "MR_FUJIS_HOUSE", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 1 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "right" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 8 },
+  } },
+  { map = "LAVENDER_TOWN", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 10 },
+    { op = "fly", dest = "celadon", map = 6 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CELADON_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 41, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 41, y = 9 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CELADON_POKECENTER", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 3 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "up" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 8 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CELADON_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 41, y = 10 },
+    { op = "useItem", item = "super_repel" },
+    { op = "bike" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 41, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 18 },
+    { op = "goto", x = -1, y = 18 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_16", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 39, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 27, y = 10 },
+    { op = "manual", name = "playPokeFlute" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 10 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_16_GATE_1F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = -1, y = 8 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_16", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 13 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 13 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 18 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_17", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 0 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 122 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 122 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 143 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_18", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 0 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 34, y = 8 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_18_GATE_1F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 0, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 4 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_18", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 40, y = 8 },
+    { op = "useItem", item = "super_repel" },
+    { op = "teach", move = "ice_beam", replace = "rock_slide" },
+    { op = "bike" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 50, y = 8 },
+  } },
+  { map = "FUCHSIA_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 0, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 20 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 20 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 29, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 29, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 35, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 35, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 37, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 37, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 22, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 22, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 3 },
+  } },
+  { map = "SAFARI_ZONE_GATE", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 2 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "right" },
+  } },
+  { map = "SAFARI_ZONE_CENTER", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 25 },
+    { op = "bike" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 28, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 28, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 30, y = 11 },
+  } },
+  { map = "SAFARI_ZONE_EAST", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 0, y = 23 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 23 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 24 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 20, y = 24 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 20, y = 20 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 20 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 22 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 22 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 22 },
+    { op = "useItem", item = "super_repel" },
+    { op = "useItem", item = "carbos", mon = "nidoking" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 22 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 20, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 20, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = -1, y = 5 },
+  } },
+  { map = "SAFARI_ZONE_NORTH", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 39, y = 31 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 22, y = 31 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 22, y = 22 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 22 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 28 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 28 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 28, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 28, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 36 },
+  } },
+  { map = "SAFARI_ZONE_WEST", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 21, y = 0 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 21, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 19, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 19, y = 6 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "down" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 19, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 3 },
+  } },
+  { map = "SAFARI_ZONE_SECRET_HOUSE", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 4 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "up" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 8 },
+  } },
+  { map = "SAFARI_ZONE_WEST", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 4 },
+    { op = "fieldMove", map = 219, move = "dig" },
+  } },
+  { map = "CELADON_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 41, y = 10 },
+    { op = "bike" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 41, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 50, y = 11 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_7", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 0, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 10 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_7_GATE", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 0, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 4 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_7", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 10 },
+    { op = "bike" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 20, y = 10 },
+  } },
+  { map = "SAFFRON_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 0, y = 18 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 18 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 22 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 22 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 21 },
+  } },
+  { map = "SILPH_CO_1F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 17 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 20, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 20, y = 0 },
+  } },
+  { map = "SILPH_CO_ELEVATOR", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 1 },
+    { op = "manual", name = "silphElevator" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 4 },
+  } },
+  { map = "SILPH_CO_10F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 14 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "right" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 13 },
+    { op = "useItem", item = "carbos", mon = "nidoking" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 12 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "right" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 16 },
+    { op = "teach", mon = "squirtle", move = "surf", replace = "tail_whip" },
+    { op = "teach", move = "earthquake", replace = "thrash" },
+    { op = "useItem", item = "carbos", mon = "nidoking" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 0 },
+  } },
+  { map = "SILPH_CO_9F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 24, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 24, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 15 },
+  } },
+  { map = "SILPH_CO_5F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 20, y = 16 },
+    { op = "pickup", face = "right" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 15 },
+  } },
+  { map = "SILPH_CO_9F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 15 },
+  } },
+  { map = "SILPH_CO_5F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 13 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 13 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "left" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 13 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 15 },
+  } },
+  { map = "SILPH_CO_3F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 9 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "left" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 11 },
+  } },
+  { map = "SILPH_CO_7F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 2 },
+    { op = "heal" },
+    { op = "battle" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 7 },
+    { op = "heal" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 7 },
+  } },
+  { map = "SILPH_CO_11F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 16 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "right" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 15 },
+    { op = "heal", hp = 17 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 14 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "up" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 13 },
+    { op = "battle" },
+    { op = "battle" },
+    { op = "fieldMove", map = 235, move = "dig" },
+  } },
+  { map = "CELADON_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 41, y = 10 },
+    { op = "fly", dest = "fuchsia", map = 7 },
+  } },
+  { map = "FUCHSIA_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 19, y = 28 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 28 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 27 },
+  } },
+  { map = "FUCHSIA_GYM", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 17 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 9 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "up" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 2 },
+    { op = "useItem", move = "earthquake" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 5 },
+    { op = "heal" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 7 },
+    { op = "battle" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 9 },
+    { op = "useItem", move = "earthquake" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 9 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "down" },
+    { op = "battle" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 18 },
+  } },
+  { map = "FUCHSIA_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 28 },
+    { op = "bike" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 28 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 30 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 24, y = 30 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 30, y = 30 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 30, y = 28 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 27, y = 28 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 27, y = 27 },
+  } },
+  { map = "WARDENS_HOUSE", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 4 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "up" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 8 },
+  } },
+  { map = "FUCHSIA_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 27, y = 28 },
+    { op = "fly", dest = "pallet", map = 0 },
+  } },
+  { map = "PALLET_TOWN", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 6 },
+    { op = "useItem", item = "super_repel" },
+    { op = "useItem", all = true, item = "rare_candy", mon = "nidoking" },
+    { op = "bike" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 17 },
+    { op = "fieldMove", face = "right", move = "surf", x = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 18 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_21", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 0 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 90 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CINNABAR_ISLAND", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 0 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 3 },
+  } },
+  { map = "POKEMON_MANSION_1F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 27 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 10 },
+  } },
+  { map = "POKEMON_MANSION_2F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 1 },
+  } },
+  { map = "POKEMON_MANSION_3F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 6 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "up" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 14 },
+  } },
+  { map = "POKEMON_MANSION_1F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 20 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 21, y = 23 },
+  } },
+  { map = "POKEMON_MANSION_B1F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 22 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 21, y = 15 },
+    { op = "useItem", item = "super_repel" },
+    { op = "useItem", item = "carbos", mon = "nidoking" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 19 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 19 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 23 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 23 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 26 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 26 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "up" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 26 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 22 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 22 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 24, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 24, y = 18 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 26, y = 18 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 26, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 24, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 24, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 20, y = 4 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "up" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 24, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 24, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 2 },
+    { op = "pickup", face = "left" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 9 },
+    { op = "pickup", face = "left" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 10 },
+    { op = "teach", mon = "squirtle", move = "strength", replace = "tackle" },
+    { op = "useItem", all = true, item = "rare_candy", mon = "nidoking" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 12 },
+    { op = "pickup", face = "down" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 12 },
+    { op = "fieldMove", map = 216, move = "dig" },
+  } },
+  { map = "CELADON_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 41, y = 10 },
+    { op = "bike" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 41, y = 13 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 36, y = 13 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 36, y = 23 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 25, y = 23 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 25, y = 30 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 35, y = 30 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 35, y = 31 },
+    { op = "fieldMove", face = "down", move = "cut" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 35, y = 34 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 34 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 29 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 29 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 27 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CELADON_GYM", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 17 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 0, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 0, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 4 },
+    { op = "fieldMove", move = "cut" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 4 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "up" },
+    { op = "battle" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 6 },
+    { op = "fieldMove", face = "down", move = "cut" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 18 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CELADON_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 28 },
+    { op = "fly", dest = "cinnabar", map = 8 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CINNABAR_ISLAND", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 12 },
+    { op = "useItem", move = "earthquake" },
+    { op = "bike" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 3 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CINNABAR_GYM", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 17 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 8 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "up" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 2 },
+    { op = "talk", decline = true, face = "up" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 8 },
+    { op = "talk", decline = true, face = "up" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 13 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 13 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 14 },
+    { op = "talk", decline = true, face = "up" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 14 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "up" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 13 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 13 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 8 },
+    { op = "talk", decline = true, face = "up" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 4 },
+    { op = "heal" },
+    { op = "battle", face = "up" },
+    { op = "fieldMove", map = 166, move = "dig" },
+  } },
+  { map = "CELADON_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 41, y = 10 },
+    { op = "heal" },
+    { op = "bike" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 41, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 50, y = 11 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_7", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 0, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 10 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_7_GATE", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 0, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 4 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_7", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 10 },
+    { op = "useItem", move = "earthquake" },
+    { op = "bike" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 20, y = 10 },
+  } },
+  { map = "SAFFRON_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 0, y = 18 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 18 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 31, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 31, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 34, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 34, y = 3 },
+  } },
+  { map = "SAFFRON_GYM", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 17 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 17 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 8 },
+    { op = "battle", face = "left" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 11 },
+    { op = "useItem", move = "earthquake" },
+    { op = "fieldMove", map = 178, move = "dig" },
+  } },
+  { map = "CELADON_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 41, y = 10 },
+    { op = "fly", dest = "viridian", map = 1 },
+  } },
+  { map = "VIRIDIAN_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 26 },
+    { op = "bike" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 19, y = 26 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 19, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 27, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 27, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 34, y = 3 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 34, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 32, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 32, y = 7 },
+  } },
+  { map = "VIRIDIAN_GYM", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 17 },
+    { op = "heal" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 18 },
+  } },
+  { map = "VIRIDIAN_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 32, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 32, y = 7 },
+  } },
+  { map = "VIRIDIAN_GYM", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 17 },
+    { op = "heal" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 2 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "up" },
+    { op = "battle" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 18 },
+  } },
+  { map = "VIRIDIAN_CITY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 32, y = 8 },
+    { op = "bike" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 32, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 17 },
+    { op = "goto", x = -1, y = 17 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_22", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 39, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 35, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 35, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 31, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 31, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 29, y = 5 },
+    { op = "battle" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 5 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_22_GATE", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 0 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_23", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 139 },
+    { op = "useItem", max = true },
+    { op = "bike" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 132 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 132 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 124 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 124 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 116 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 116 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 104 },
+    { op = "fieldMove", move = "surf", y = 103 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 92 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 92 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 90 },
+    { op = "pickup" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 72 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 72 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 71 },
+    { op = "useItem", item = "super_repel" },
+    { op = "bike" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 66 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 66 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 57 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 57 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 12, y = 48 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 48 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 32 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 32 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 31 },
+  } },
+  { map = "VICTORY_ROAD_1F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 17 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 14 },
+    { op = "fieldMove", move = "strength" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 16 },
+    { op = "push", face = "right", x = 597, y = 596 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 17 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 17 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 14 },
+    { op = "push", face = "up", x = 597, y = 596 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 16, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 12 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 1 },
+  } },
+  { map = "VICTORY_ROAD_2F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 0, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 0, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 13 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 13 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 14 },
+    { op = "useItem", item = "super_repel" },
+    { op = "fieldMove", move = "strength" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 13 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 13 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 16 },
+    { op = "push", face = "left", x = 693, y = 692 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 21, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 21, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 28, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 28, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 7 },
+  } },
+  { map = "VICTORY_ROAD_3F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 22, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 22, y = 4 },
+    { op = "fieldMove", move = "strength" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 22, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 0 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 0 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 5 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 2, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 20, y = 1 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 20, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 17, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 4 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 9, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 1, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 20, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 20, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 23, y = 15 },
+  } },
+  { map = "VICTORY_ROAD_2F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 22, y = 16 },
+    { op = "useItem", item = "super_repel" },
+    { op = "fieldMove", move = "strength" },
+    { op = "bike" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 22, y = 17 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 24, y = 17 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 24, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 11, y = 16 },
+    { op = "push", face = "left", x = 725, y = 724 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 21, y = 16 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 21, y = 14 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 25, y = 14 },
+  } },
+  { map = "VICTORY_ROAD_3F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 27, y = 15 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 27, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 26, y = 8 },
+  } },
+  { map = "VICTORY_ROAD_2F", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 27, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 30, y = 7 },
+  } },
+  { map = "ROUTE_23", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 32 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 32 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 18, y = 20 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 20 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 14, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 10 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 13, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 6 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = -1 },
+  } },
+  { map = "INDIGO_PLATEAU", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 17 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 10, y = 5 },
+  } },
+  { map = "INDIGO_PLATEAU_LOBBY", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 9 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 15, y = 8 },
+    { op = "manual", name = "depositPokemon" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 8 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 7, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 7 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 8, y = 0 },
+  } },
+  { map = "LORELEIS_ROOM", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 5 },
+    { op = "heal" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 2 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "right" },
+    { op = "battle" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 0 },
+  } },
+  { map = "BRUNOS_ROOM", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 5 },
+    { op = "useItem", item = "elixer", mon = "nidoking" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 2 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "right" },
+    { op = "battle" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 0 },
+  } },
+  { map = "AGATHAS_ROOM", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 5 },
+    { op = "heal", full = true, hp = 113 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 2 },
+    { op = "talk", face = "right" },
+    { op = "battle" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 1 },
+    { op = "heal", full = true },
+    { op = "useItem" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 0 },
+  } },
+  { map = "LANCES_ROOM", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 11 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 6, y = 2 },
+    { op = "battle" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 2 },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = 1 },
+    { op = "heal", full = true },
+    { op = "goto", x = 5, y = -1 },
+  } },
+  { map = "CHAMPIONS_ROOM", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 3 },
+    { op = "battle" },
+    { op = "goto", x = 3, y = 0 },
+  } },
+  { map = "HALL_OF_FAME", steps = {
+    { op = "goto", x = 4, y = 2 },
+    { op = "battle" },
+  } },
+}
diff --git a/tests/drivers/route.lua b/tests/drivers/route.lua
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a492a777
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/drivers/route.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,5299 @@
+-- Full-route bot driver.
+--
+--   POKEPORT_DRIVER=tests/drivers/route.lua love .
+--   xvfb-run -a env POKEPORT_DRIVER=tests/drivers/route.lua love .   (headless)
+--
+-- Interprets tests/drivers/bot_route.lua -- the converted PokeBotBad any%
+-- route, see tools/botconv/ -- against the live Game object. The route is
+-- geography only: we walk where the speedrun walks but fight everything
+-- the slow reliable way, so none of its frame-perfect tactics carry over.
+--
+-- Unimplemented ops do not abort the run. They log and continue, and the
+-- summary at the end lists every op that was skipped and where. A run that
+-- stalls tells you which handler to write next; a run that finishes is an
+-- end-to-end assertion that warps, scripts, battles and menus all work.
+
+local U = require("tests.drivers.util")
+local ROUTE = require("tests.drivers.bot_route")
+
+local G          -- the Game object, set on entry
+local skipped = {}
+local log = {}
+-- Set when the party blacks out. Polling HP for this is unreliable: the
+-- revive can land in the same frame the battle screen pops, so a run can
+-- black out without the driver ever observing a zeroed party -- which is
+-- exactly how one attempt sailed on to skip 145 segments and then ran the
+-- ENDGAME Viridian Gym visit at level 12, because it happened to be
+-- standing in Viridian City and the map matched.
+--
+-- OverworldController announces it instead, immediately before reviving
+-- (`Runtime.emit("world.blacked_out", ...)`), so hook the announcement.
+-- Wrapping emit rather than subscribing keeps this working headlessly:
+-- the mod event bus is a null object until a loader installs one.
+local blackedOut = false
+do
+  local Runtime = require("src.mods.Runtime")
+  local baseEmit = Runtime.emit
+  Runtime.emit = function(name, payload)
+    if name == "world.blacked_out" then blackedOut = true end
+    return baseEmit(name, payload)
+  end
+end
+
+local function note(op, where)
+  local key = op .. " @ " .. where
+  skipped[key] = (skipped[key] or 0) + 1
+end
+
+-- A long run is normally stopped by killing the process, and block-buffered
+-- stdout discards everything since the last 4K flush -- which is most of
+-- what we want to read. Go unbuffered, and additionally mirror to a file
+-- flushed per line (POKEPORT_ROUTE_LOG) so output survives a hard kill.
+pcall(function() io.stdout:setvbuf("no") end)
+local logFile
+do
+  local path = os.getenv("POKEPORT_ROUTE_LOG")
+  if path then logFile = io.open(path, "w") end
+end
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- danger memory
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Where the party has died before, counted per map and persisted, so the
+-- bot gets more careful about a place every time it loses there instead of
+-- walking into the same fight at the same HP forever. It survives the
+-- process, so each run starts knowing what killed the last one.
+--
+-- Keyed by map rather than by segment index: segment numbers shift
+-- whenever the route is regenerated, but "Viridian Forest keeps killing
+-- us" stays true across conversions.
+local MEMORY_PATH = os.getenv("POKEPORT_ROUTE_MEMORY")
+                    or "/tmp/pokeport_route_memory.lua"
+local deaths, walls, seams = {}, {}, {}
+
+local function loadMemory()
+  local chunk = loadfile(MEMORY_PATH)
+  if not chunk then return end
+  local ok, t = pcall(chunk)
+  if not (ok and type(t) == "table") then return end
+  -- earlier files were a flat map -> death-count table
+  deaths = type(t.deaths) == "table" and t.deaths or t
+  walls = type(t.walls) == "table" and t.walls or {}
+  seams = type(t.seams) == "table" and t.seams or {}
+end
+
+local function writeCounts(fh, tbl)
+  local keys = {}
+  for k in pairs(tbl) do keys[#keys + 1] = k end
+  table.sort(keys)
+  for _, k in ipairs(keys) do fh:write(("    [%q] = %d,\n"):format(k, tbl[k])) end
+end
+
+local function saveMemory()
+  local fh = io.open(MEMORY_PATH, "w")
+  if not fh then return end
+  fh:write("-- written by tests/drivers/route.lua; safe to delete to forget\n")
+  fh:write("return {\n  deaths = {\n")
+  writeCounts(fh, deaths)
+  fh:write("  },\n  walls = {\n")
+  writeCounts(fh, walls)
+  fh:write("  },\n  seams = {\n")
+  writeCounts(fh, seams)
+  fh:write("  },\n}\n")
+  fh:close()
+end
+
+local function dangerAt(mapId) return deaths[mapId or ""] or 0 end
+
+local function recordDeath(mapId)
+  if not mapId then return end
+  deaths[mapId] = (deaths[mapId] or 0) + 1
+  saveMemory()
+end
+
+-- Cells the engine refused to walk into, keyed "<map>#<cellId>".
+--
+-- BFS plans over map:isWalkableCell, a static tile test that does not know
+-- about ledges (one-way), directional blocks, counters or the goal-cell
+-- exemption below -- so it can hand back a step tryMove rejects. Because
+-- BFS is deterministic, re-planning then returns the SAME step and the
+-- player bumps the identical wall until the retry counter gives up. This
+-- is that missing feedback: a refusal is remembered and planned around.
+local WALL_CONFIRM = 2 -- refusals before future runs plan around it
+
+local function wallKey(mapId, cell) return tostring(mapId) .. "#" .. cell end
+
+local function noteWall(mapId, cell)
+  local k = wallKey(mapId, cell)
+  walls[k] = (walls[k] or 0) + 1
+  saveMemory()
+  return walls[k]
+end
+
+-- Walking onto a cell proves it passable after all, so forget it. Keeps a
+-- temporary blocker (an NPC mid-stroll, a tree before we have Cut) from
+-- being blacklisted for good.
+local function clearWall(mapId, cell)
+  local k = wallKey(mapId, cell)
+  if walls[k] then walls[k] = nil; saveMemory() end
+end
+
+-- Map-graph hops that did not work, keyed "<from>><to>".
+--
+-- The same feedback idea as `walls`, one level up. travelTo plans over map
+-- adjacency, which is geography and says nothing about whether the seam is
+-- actually passable YET: Route 6's north connection to Saffron is real map
+-- data, but the city is walled and gated until the guards are dealt with.
+--
+-- A PRICE, never a ban, and that distinction is the whole lesson here. This
+-- started out as a hard block after two failures, which quietly severed the
+-- map graph: crossing a seam is flaky (an NPC parked on the border cell is
+-- enough), so VERMILION_CITY>ROUTE_6 -- the only way north out of Vermilion,
+-- and one that had already worked earlier in the same session -- reached two
+-- failures and became impossible. The run degenerated to skipping from
+-- segment 1. A seam that is merely expensive gets tried again when it is the
+-- only way through; a banned one strands the run for good.
+--
+-- Cleared outright on a crossing that works, so a seam that opens later (a
+-- gate script, a Cut tree) costs nothing thereafter.
+local SEAM_PENALTY = 4   -- added to the hop cost per recorded failure
+local SEAM_PENALTY_MAX = 24
+
+local function seamKey(from, to) return tostring(from) .. ">" .. tostring(to) end
+
+-- A travel edge's identity for the per-trip ban set.
+--
+-- Per WARP, not per seam. A gate exposes many physical warps for the SAME
+-- (from, to) pair -- ROUTE_16_GATE_1F has eight LAST_MAP warps all leading
+-- back to ROUTE_16, four to each half -- so banning by seamKey when one of
+-- them fails kills all eight, including the east door that is the only way
+-- across. Keying the ban by the warp's own cell keeps the others live.
+-- Connections have a single seam, so they fall back to seamKey.
+local function edgeId(from, e)
+  if e.warp then
+    return ("%s>%s@%d,%d"):format(tostring(from), tostring(e.to),
+                                  e.warp.x, e.warp.y)
+  end
+  return seamKey(from, e.to)
+end
+
+local function noteSeam(from, to)
+  local k = seamKey(from, to)
+  seams[k] = (seams[k] or 0) + 1
+  saveMemory()
+  return seams[k]
+end
+
+local function clearSeam(from, to)
+  local k = seamKey(from, to)
+  if seams[k] then seams[k] = nil; saveMemory() end
+end
+
+local function seamCost(from, to)
+  return math.min((seams[seamKey(from, to)] or 0) * SEAM_PENALTY, SEAM_PENALTY_MAX)
+end
+
+-- cells this map has refused often enough to route around from the start
+local function knownWalls(mapId)
+  local prefix = tostring(mapId) .. "#"
+  local set
+  for k, n in pairs(walls) do
+    if n >= WALL_CONFIRM and k:sub(1, #prefix) == prefix then
+      set = set or {}
+      set[tonumber(k:sub(#prefix + 1))] = true
+    end
+  end
+  return set
+end
+
+local function say(...)
+  local parts = { ... }
+  for i = 1, #parts do parts[i] = tostring(parts[i]) end
+  local line = "[route] " .. table.concat(parts, " ")
+  print(line)
+  if logFile then logFile:write(line, "\n"); logFile:flush() end
+end
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- state predicates (mirrors tests/autopilot.lua's busy()/idle())
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local function ow() return G.overworld end
+
+-- Anything that makes the overworld ignore normal player input: a pushed
+-- UI state, a script/cutscene in flight, or a timed hold. A plain
+-- stack-size check reads "idle" the instant a text box closes even mid
+-- cutscene, which would let us resume walking during Oak's escort.
+local function busy()
+  local o = ow()
+  return G.stack:top() ~= o
+         or (o.runner and o.runner:isRunning())
+         or #(o.scriptMoves or {}) > 0
+         or o.engaging
+         or o.emote ~= nil
+         or o.healAnim ~= nil
+end
+
+local function idle() return not busy() and not ow().transitioning end
+
+local function inBattle()
+  local top = G.stack:top()
+  return top ~= nil and top.kind ~= nil
+end
+
+local function press(btn) U.tap(G, btn) end
+
+-- Movement needs the direction HELD, not tapped: OverworldController's
+-- handleInput walks on input:isDown(dir) (OverworldController.lua:734) and
+-- calls tryMove every frame the key is down. A one-frame tap only turns
+-- the player in place, which reads as walking on the spot into a wall.
+-- Edge exits, ledge hops and boulder pushes additionally require that we
+-- already face the direction before the step (lines 735-739), so holding
+-- through the turn is what makes those fire at all.
+--
+-- Returns true if we changed cell (or map), false if we were blocked.
+local function walk(dir, maxFrames)
+  local o = ow()
+  local sx, sy, smap = o.player.cellX, o.player.cellY, o.map.id
+  local moved = false
+  -- Frames spent already facing `dir` without the step starting. The engine
+  -- refuses a blocked move every frame the key is held, so without this the
+  -- loop replays the bump animation for the whole of maxFrames -- and the
+  -- caller then retries up to 8 times. That is what "Red walking into the
+  -- same wall ten times and then recovering" looks like on screen; it is a
+  -- held-input problem, not a pathfinding one. Bail as soon as the engine
+  -- has clearly said no and let the caller re-plan.
+  local refusedFrames = 0
+  for _ = 1, maxFrames or 40 do
+    table.insert(G.input.pressQueue, dir)
+    G.input.state[dir] = true
+    coroutine.yield()
+    local p = ow().player
+    if ow().map.id ~= smap then moved = true break end
+    if (p.cellX ~= sx or p.cellY ~= sy) and not p.moving then moved = true break end
+    if busy() then
+      -- A LEDGE HOP is performed with scriptMove, so it reads as "busy"
+      -- exactly like a cutscene does -- and breaking here reported the hop
+      -- as "did not move", which made goto_ blacklist the ledge as a wall.
+      -- Wait out our own hop and judge by the cell we land on. Anything else
+      -- busy (a battle, a real script) still belongs to the caller.
+      local hopping = (ow().player.hopFrames or 0) > 0
+      if hopping and not inBattle() then
+        for _ = 1, 90 do
+          if not busy() then break end
+          coroutine.yield()
+        end
+        local q = ow().player
+        if ow().map.id ~= smap or q.cellX ~= sx or q.cellY ~= sy then
+          moved = true
+        end
+      end
+      break
+    end
+    -- the first frames legitimately go on turning to face `dir`
+    if p.facing == dir and not p.moving then
+      refusedFrames = refusedFrames + 1
+      if refusedFrames >= 6 then break end
+    else
+      refusedFrames = 0
+    end
+  end
+  G.input.state[dir] = false
+  coroutine.yield()
+  return moved
+end
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- BFS over the current map (walls + stationary NPCs), from autopilot.lua
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local DIRS = { { 0, -1, "up" }, { 0, 1, "down" }, { -1, 0, "left" }, { 1, 0, "right" } }
+
+-- direction key -> step delta, for turning a refused step back into a cell
+local DELTA = {}
+for _, d in ipairs(DIRS) do DELTA[d[3]] = { d[1], d[2] } end
+
+-- `extra` is a set of cell ids to treat as walls (see knownWalls / the
+-- refusal feedback in ops.goto_).
+-- Where a ledge hop from (x, y) in `dir` would land, or nil if there is no
+-- hop to be had.
+--
+-- Mirrors OverworldState:checkLedgeHop (OverworldController.lua:845): the
+-- standing tile, the ledge tile in front and the input direction all have to
+-- match a row of field.ledges, and the landing cell two along must be free.
+--
+-- BFS needs this because it plans over `isWalkableCell`, and a ledge tile is
+-- deliberately NOT walkable -- you may only cross it by hopping. Without it
+-- Route 4 is impassable: the route steps from (79,8) to (79,10), which is a
+-- hop over the ledge at (79,9), and the bot reported "goto (79,10)
+-- unreachable" and then failed the edge exit into Cerulean, losing the run to
+-- nine skipped segments every single time. Every later route with a ledge
+-- would have gone the same way.
+local function ledgeLanding(map, x, y, dir, dx, dy)
+  local ledges = G.data.field and G.data.field.ledges
+  if not ledges then return nil end
+  local fx, fy = x + dx, y + dy
+  if not map:inBounds(fx, fy) then return nil end
+  local tileset = map.def.tileset
+  local standing, front = map:cellTile(x, y), map:cellTile(fx, fy)
+  for _, ledge in ipairs(ledges) do
+    if (ledge.tileset or "OVERWORLD") == tileset
+       and ledge.facing == dir and ledge.input == dir
+       and ledge.standingTile == standing and ledge.ledgeTile == front then
+      local lx, ly = fx + dx, fy + dy
+      if map:inBounds(lx, ly) and map:isWalkableCell(lx, ly) then
+        return lx, ly
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  return nil
+end
+
+-- Walkable for the player AS THEY CURRENTLY ARE. isWalkableCell is a
+-- land-only test, so once SURF is up every remaining over-water waypoint
+-- would read unreachable -- and ROUTE_21 is a ninety-row water corridor,
+-- so the trip to Cinnabar dies on the first plan without this. While
+-- surfing, water counts too; land stays passable because walking onto the
+-- shore is exactly how you dismount.
+local function passableCell(map, x, y)
+  if map:isWalkableCell(x, y) then return true end
+  local p = ow().player
+  return p.surfing == true and map:isWaterCell(x, y)
+end
+
+local function bfsNextKey(tx, ty, extra)
+  local o = ow()
+  local map, p = o.map, o.player
+  if p.cellX == tx and p.cellY == ty then return nil end
+  local w = map.widthCells
+  local function id(x, y) return y * w + x end
+  local blocked = {}
+  if extra then
+    for cell in pairs(extra) do blocked[cell] = true end
+  end
+  -- NPCs are walls -- but only the ones that belong to THIS map.
+  --
+  -- A warp swaps map.id before the entity list is rebuilt, so a plan made
+  -- in that window blocks cells using the PREVIOUS map's NPCs. Their
+  -- coordinates are usually nonsense here, and `id(x, y)` folds x and y
+  -- together, so an NPC at forest (16,43) lands on some innocent cell of an
+  -- 8-wide gate and walls it off. That is exactly what stranded a run in
+  -- VIRIDIAN_FOREST_NORTH_GATE: "goto (4,1) unreachable ... npcs:
+  -- SPRITE_YOUNGSTER@(16,43) SPRITE_YOUNGSTER@(30,33)" -- forest
+  -- coordinates listed against a gate the size of a room, every following
+  -- segment skipping, and the attempt lost.
+  local h = map.heightCells
+  for _, npc in ipairs(o.npcs) do
+    local inMap = npc.cellX >= 0 and npc.cellY >= 0
+                  and npc.cellX < w and npc.cellY < h
+    if inMap then
+      blocked[id(npc.cellX, npc.cellY)] = true
+      if npc.targetX and npc.targetX >= 0 and npc.targetY >= 0
+         and npc.targetX < w and npc.targetY < h then
+        blocked[id(npc.targetX, npc.targetY)] = true
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  local prev = { [id(p.cellX, p.cellY)] = -1 }
+  local queue, head = { id(p.cellX, p.cellY) }, 1
+  while head <= #queue do
+    local cur = queue[head]; head = head + 1
+    local cx, cy = cur % w, math.floor(cur / w)
+    if cx == tx and cy == ty then break end
+    for _, d in ipairs(DIRS) do
+      local nx, ny = cx + d[1], cy + d[2]
+      local nid = id(nx, ny)
+      -- Never path onto the Celadon Mart elevator entrance. There the
+      -- elevator is optional (stairs reach every floor) and its mat is a
+      -- bounce-trap the driver keeps stepping onto during floor navigation.
+      -- Scoped to CELADON_MART so Silph's elevator -- a different map the
+      -- route genuinely rides -- is untouched, and to elevator-destination
+      -- warps so ordinary doors and stairs are untouched. The target cell
+      -- is always allowed (never block where we are trying to go).
+      local elevTrap = false
+      if tostring(map.id):find("CELADON_MART") and not (nx == tx and ny == ty) then
+        local wc = map.warpAtCell and map:warpAtCell(nx, ny)
+        local dm = wc and wc.def and wc.def.destMap
+        elevTrap = type(dm) == "string" and dm:find("ELEVATOR") ~= nil
+      end
+      if nx >= 0 and ny >= 0 and nx < w and ny < map.heightCells
+         and not prev[nid] and not blocked[nid] and not elevTrap
+         and (passableCell(map, nx, ny) or (nx == tx and ny == ty)) then
+        prev[nid] = cur
+        queue[#queue + 1] = nid
+      else
+        -- Not walkable -- but it may be a ledge we can hop, which lands two
+        -- cells along and is one-way. Treated as an ordinary edge from the
+        -- cell we are standing on; walk() already holds the direction, which
+        -- is what makes the engine's hop fire.
+        local lx, ly = ledgeLanding(map, cx, cy, d[3], d[1], d[2])
+        if lx then
+          local lid = id(lx, ly)
+          if not prev[lid] and not blocked[lid] then
+            prev[lid] = cur
+            queue[#queue + 1] = lid
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  local goal = id(tx, ty)
+  if not prev[goal] then return nil end
+  local cur = goal
+  while prev[cur] ~= id(p.cellX, p.cellY) do
+    cur = prev[cur]
+    if cur == nil or cur == -1 then return nil end
+  end
+  local cx, cy = cur % w, math.floor(cur / w)
+  for _, d in ipairs(DIRS) do
+    if p.cellX + d[1] == cx and p.cellY + d[2] == cy then return d[3] end
+  end
+  -- The first move may be a ledge hop, which lands TWO cells along rather
+  -- than one, so the adjacency test above finds nothing. Same direction, and
+  -- walk() holds it exactly the same way -- the engine does the jumping.
+  for _, d in ipairs(DIRS) do
+    local lx, ly = ledgeLanding(map, p.cellX, p.cellY, d[3], d[1], d[2])
+    if lx == cx and ly == cy then return d[3] end
+  end
+end
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- battle
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- A deterministic mid-roll stand-in for love.math.random. Damage.lua only
+-- ever calls rng(min, max) (Damage.lua:83,105,253), so probing a move with
+-- this consumes no game RNG and cannot desync the battle -- which calling
+-- battle.rng directly would.
+-- Wait for a screen to appear WITHOUT pressing anything.
+--
+-- pressUntil mashes A, which is safe on a text box and disastrous on a
+-- bag or a party list: A there means "use this item" / "send out this mon",
+-- so mashing to wait for the screen acts on whatever the cursor happens to
+-- be sitting on.
+local function waitFor(pred, tries)
+  for _ = 1, tries or 40 do
+    if pred() then return true end
+    U.wait(3)
+  end
+  return pred()
+end
+
+-- Set while we are driving a *voluntary* switch (training, below), so
+-- sendOutHealthy -- which owns the forced post-faint menu -- does not grab
+-- the same PartyMenu and send out slot 1 instead.
+local switchingForTraining = false
+
+-- The battle's replacement PartyMenu, if it is what we are looking at.
+--
+-- It is pushed on top of the BattleState (BattleState:openReplacementMenu),
+-- and it carries no `.kind`, so inBattle() reads false while it is up and
+-- fightBattle's loop exits underneath it. `.onSwitch` is what makes it this
+-- menu rather than the overworld party screen.
+local function replacementMenu()
+  local t = G.stack:top()
+  if t and t.onSwitch ~= nil and t.index ~= nil and t.items == nil then
+    return t
+  end
+end
+
+-- Send out the first healthy mon.
+--
+-- Pressing A blind does NOT work: the cursor starts on slot 1, which is the
+-- mon that just fainted, and PartyMenu answers "There's no will to fight!"
+-- and reopens (BattleState.lua:2606-2609). The first run that ever had a
+-- second Pokémon to switch to spent the rest of its life in that menu,
+-- logging "mashUntilIdle timed out" on repeat.
+local function sendOutHealthy()
+  if switchingForTraining then return false end
+  if not replacementMenu() then return false end
+  local slot
+  for i, mon in ipairs(G.save.party or {}) do
+    if (mon.hp or 0) > 0 then slot = i break end
+  end
+  if not slot then return false end -- nothing left; the blackout owns this
+  for _ = 1, 12 do
+    local t = replacementMenu()
+    if not t or t.index == slot then break end
+    press(t.index > slot and "up" or "down")
+    U.wait(3)
+  end
+  if replacementMenu() then
+    press("a")
+    U.wait(8)
+  end
+  return true
+end
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- training the second Pokémon
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- Gen 1 gives exp only to mons that were actually SENT OUT
+-- (BattleState:markParticipant / the participant split in enemyMonFainted),
+-- so the Nidoran we go out of our way to catch on Route 22 earns nothing at
+-- all while it sits in slot 2. The route would then reach Mt. Moon and put a
+-- Moon Stone into a level 4 Nidoking, wasting every TM aimed at it later
+-- (thrash, thunderbolt, horn drill, rock slide, ice beam).
+--
+-- Sending it out and switching straight back earns it a full share without it
+-- ever having to survive a fight. The cost is the enemy's free move on each
+-- switch, so it only runs while the trainee is healthy enough to take one and
+-- only on the first menu of a battle, never mid-fight.
+local TRAINEE_MIN_HP = 0.6
+
+-- How far above the trainee a wild foe may be before switching the
+-- trainee in is a faint rather than a share of the exp. The switch costs
+-- it one free enemy attack, so the gap is a survivability bound, not a
+-- preference: past it the trainee dies, leaves the rotation (traineeSlot
+-- wants hp > 0) and never trains again. Eight covers the levels the route
+-- actually intends -- a NIDORAN caught at 3-4 on ROUTE_22 training through
+-- Mt. Moon's level 8-12 wilds -- without feeding it to Route 9.
+local TRAINEE_MAX_GAP = 8
+
+-- The party slot we are levelling: the healthy member furthest behind the
+-- lead. nil when there is nobody worth training.
+local function traineeSlot()
+  local roster = G.save.party or {}
+  local lead = roster[1]
+  if not lead or #roster < 2 then return nil end
+  local best, bestLevel
+  for i = 2, #roster do
+    local mon = roster[i]
+    local max = mon.stats and mon.stats.hp or 0
+    if (mon.hp or 0) > 0 and max > 0
+       and (mon.hp / max) >= TRAINEE_MIN_HP
+       and (mon.level or 0) < (lead.level or 0)
+       and (not bestLevel or (mon.level or 0) < bestLevel) then
+      best, bestLevel = i, mon.level or 0
+    end
+  end
+  return best
+end
+
+local function midRng(a, b) return math.floor((a + b) / 2) end
+
+-- Rank the active mon's moves by expected damage against the current
+-- opponent using the engine's own damage math, so type effectiveness,
+-- STAB and the ruleset all come from the game rather than a ported table.
+-- The move that takes the enemy DOWN without killing it, for catching.
+--
+-- Gen 1's catch formula scales with missing HP, so throwing at full health
+-- is close to the worst odds available. It is fine for the route's NIDORAN
+-- (catch rate 235), which is why the original threw immediately, but ODDISH
+-- is catch rate 45 -- six balls went into one at full HP and it still broke
+-- out every time.
+--
+-- Returns the move doing the most damage that still leaves the target
+-- alive, with a margin, or nil when every move would KO (a level-20 lead
+-- against a level-13 wild mon frequently has no safe option at all) -- in
+-- which case the caller throws at whatever HP it has rather than killing
+-- the thing it came for.
+local CATCH_HP_MARGIN = 0.10 -- of max HP, kept in reserve under any hit
+
+local function weakenMoveIndex(battle)
+  local enemy = battle.enemy and battle.enemy.mon
+  if not enemy then return nil end
+  local maxHP = math.max(1, enemy.stats and enemy.stats.hp or 1)
+  local floorHP = math.max(1, math.floor(maxHP * CATCH_HP_MARGIN))
+  local headroom = (enemy.hp or 0) - floorHP
+  if headroom <= 0 then return nil end -- already as low as we dare
+  local bestIdx, bestDmg = nil, -1
+  for i, mv in ipairs(battle.player.curMoves) do
+    if mv.pp > 0 and battle.player.disabledSlot ~= i then
+      local def = battle:moveDef(mv)
+      if def then
+        local probe = setmetatable({ id = mv.id }, { __index = def })
+        local ok, dmg, info = pcall(function()
+          return battle:computeDamage(battle.player, battle.enemy, probe,
+                                      { rng = midRng })
+        end)
+        -- Only moves that compute a real number are candidates: a status
+        -- move does no damage and would spin the turn without progress.
+        if ok and type(dmg) == "number" and dmg > 0
+           and not (info and info.typeMult == 0) then
+          -- midRng is the MID roll; the real hit can roll higher and crit,
+          -- so leave the margin rather than aiming at exactly 1 HP.
+          if dmg <= headroom and dmg > bestDmg then bestIdx, bestDmg = i, dmg end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  return bestIdx
+end
+
+local function bestMoveIndex(battle)
+  local moves = battle.player.curMoves
+  local bestIdx, bestDmg = nil, -1
+  for i, mv in ipairs(moves) do
+    if mv.pp > 0 and battle.player.disabledSlot ~= i then
+      local def = battle:moveDef(mv)
+      if def then
+        -- guarantee .id/.highCrit reach Damage.critRoll even if the merged
+        -- record does not carry them
+        local probe = setmetatable({ id = mv.id }, { __index = def })
+        local ok, dmg, info = pcall(function()
+          return battle:computeDamage(battle.player, battle.enemy, probe,
+                                      { rng = midRng })
+        end)
+        if ok and type(dmg) == "number" then
+          if info and info.typeMult == 0 then dmg = -1 end -- immune
+          if dmg > bestDmg then bestIdx, bestDmg = i, dmg end
+        elseif bestIdx == nil then
+          bestIdx, bestDmg = i, 0 -- status move / uncomputable: still usable
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  return bestIdx or 1
+end
+
+-- Move the 2x2 action cursor to `want` (1=fight 2=pkmn 3=item 4=run).
+-- Layout is index = row*2 + col + 1 (BattleState.lua:1040-1047); left and
+-- right both toggle the column, up and down both toggle the row.
+local function battleMenuTo(battle, want)
+  for _ = 1, 4 do
+    if battle.menuIndex == want then return true end
+    local col = (battle.menuIndex - 1) % 2
+    local wantCol = (want - 1) % 2
+    if col ~= wantCol then press("left") else press("up") end
+    U.wait(2)
+  end
+  return battle.menuIndex == want
+end
+
+-- Switch to party `slot` from the battle action menu (PKMN is index 2).
+--
+-- Flags the PartyMenu it opens as ours, so sendOutHealthy leaves it alone --
+-- otherwise the forced-replacement handler would see a party menu and send
+-- out slot 1, which is the mon we are trying to switch away from.
+local function switchTo(battle, slot)
+  switchingForTraining = true
+  local ok = false
+  repeat
+    if not battleMenuTo(battle, 2) then break end
+    press("a")
+    if not waitFor(replacementMenu, 30) then break end
+    for _ = 1, 12 do
+      local t = replacementMenu()
+      if not t or t.index == slot then break end
+      press(t.index > slot and "up" or "down")
+      U.wait(3)
+    end
+    local t = replacementMenu()
+    if not t or t.index ~= slot then break end
+    press("a")
+    U.wait(10)
+    ok = true
+  until true
+  switchingForTraining = false
+  if not ok then -- back out of whatever we left open
+    for _ = 1, 6 do
+      if not replacementMenu() then break end
+      press("b")
+      U.wait(4)
+    end
+  end
+  return ok
+end
+
+-- Below this fraction of max HP we would rather leave than trade turns.
+--
+-- Two thresholds, because a flat one is wrong in both directions. Fleeing
+-- forfeits the XP, so a cautious bot arrives everywhere underlevelled,
+-- takes proportionally more damage and flees even more -- but dropping the
+-- threshold outright is worse: a lone level-5 starter on Route 1 has no
+-- centre and no items, and fighting on simply kills it (tried it, the run
+-- died at segment 6 instead of 22).
+--
+-- So: fight further down only when something can actually put the HP back.
+local LOW_HP_EXPOSED = 0.35 -- nothing can restore HP; protect the run
+local LOW_HP_COVERED = 0.2  -- a nurse or a potion is within reach
+
+-- assigned below, once the healing helpers it needs exist
+local canRestoreHP = function() return false end
+
+-- true while deliberately farming encounters: fleeing earns no XP, which is
+-- the whole point of grinding, so the flee guard stands down
+local grinding = false
+
+-- Drink a potion during a battle. Defined further down, once the bag
+-- helpers (HP_ITEMS, heldCount, party) it needs exist; fightBattle
+-- calls it and comes first.
+local IN_BATTLE_HEAL_AT = 0.35
+local healInBattle
+
+-- Throw the POKE_DOLL from the battle ITEM menu. Defined near
+-- healInBattle (same forward-declaration dance); fightBattle needs it for
+-- the static ghost MAROWAK, where fleeing leaves the blocker standing.
+local throwPokeDoll
+
+local function lowOnHP(battle)
+  if grinding then return false end -- training: take the XP, not the exit
+  local mon = battle.player and battle.player.mon
+  local max = mon and mon.stats and mon.stats.hp
+  if not max or max <= 0 then return false end
+  -- Stay in the fight only where we can both afford to and have not been
+  -- killed before: a map with a death on record gets the cautious bar even
+  -- when the bag is full, because the record says our estimate was wrong
+  -- here at least once.
+  local covered = canRestoreHP() and dangerAt(ow().map.id) == 0
+  return mon.hp / max < (covered and LOW_HP_COVERED or LOW_HP_EXPOSED)
+end
+
+local function fightBattle(limit)
+  limit = limit or 20000
+  local frames = 0
+  -- TryRunningFromBattle can fail on a speed check, and each failure costs
+  -- the turn, so cap the attempts and fight on rather than be cornered
+  -- burning turns we cannot afford.
+  local runAttempts = 0
+  -- Potions drunk this battle. Bounded so a fight we are losing anyway
+  -- cannot drain the bag one turn at a time.
+  local healsLeft = 3
+  -- Switch the trainee in for its exp share, then straight back out. Only
+  -- while grinding is off (grindALevel wants the trainee to actually fight)
+  -- and only when there is somebody behind the lead worth levelling.
+  --
+  -- WILD battles only. Sharing splits the exp, so training through the
+  -- trainer fights left the lead three levels down by Pewter and it died to
+  -- Brock seven times in one run. Wild encounters are frequent and cheap;
+  -- the fights that decide the run are not the place to hand away half the
+  -- exp and two free enemy moves.
+  local trainingPhase = "done"
+  if not grinding and G.stack:top() and G.stack:top().kind == "wild"
+     and not G.stack:top().ghost and not G.stack:top().safari
+     and traineeSlot() then
+    trainingPhase = "in"
+  end
+  -- The replacement menu sits ON TOP of the battle and has no `.kind`, so
+  -- inBattle() alone would end the loop the moment our lead faints and hand
+  -- a party menu to mashUntilIdle, which only knows how to press A.
+  while (inBattle() or replacementMenu()) and frames < limit do
+    if sendOutHealthy() then
+      frames = frames + 10
+      goto continue
+    end
+    local battle = G.stack:top()
+    local phase = battle.phase
+    -- Watch for the wipe here rather than after the battle: blacking out
+    -- revives the party at the heal point, so a check made once the screen
+    -- has popped always sees a healthy party and misses it entirely.
+    if not blackedOut then
+      local roster = G.save.party or {}
+      local alive = false
+      for _, mon in ipairs(roster) do
+        if (mon.hp or 0) > 0 then alive = true break end
+      end
+      if #roster > 0 and not alive then blackedOut = true end
+    end
+    if phase == "menu" then
+      if battle.safari then
+        -- Safari battles have no FIGHT: the grid is BALL/BAIT/ROCK/RUN
+        -- and the route catches nothing in the zone -- it is a corridor
+        -- to the GOLD TEETH and HM03. RUN always succeeds in the Safari
+        -- Zone, and every other choice spends a ball or a turn.
+        if battleMenuTo(battle, 4) then press("a") end
+      elseif battle.player.mon.hp <= 0 then
+        -- our lead is down but the replacement menu has not opened yet;
+        -- A brings it up, and sendOutHealthy above drives it once it does
+        press("a")
+      elseif battle.ghost then
+        -- Pokémon Tower without the SILPH_SCOPE: FIGHT answers "too
+        -- scared to move!", balls are dodged, and the ghost never goes
+        -- down -- the battle cannot be won, only left. tryRun's
+        -- IsGhostBattle branch always escapes, so RUN is guaranteed.
+        --
+        -- Except the static MAROWAK at (10,16): fleeing that one leaves
+        -- it blocking the stairs and the trigger re-fires forever. The
+        -- POKE_DOLL ends it for good (the wBattleResult trick, see
+        -- data/scripts/story3.lua) -- and no WILD tower encounter is a
+        -- MAROWAK, so the species is a safe discriminator.
+        local foe = battle.enemy and battle.enemy.mon
+        if foe and tostring(foe.species) == "MAROWAK"
+           and ((G.save.inventory or {}).POKE_DOLL or 0) > 0
+           and throwPokeDoll and throwPokeDoll(battle) then
+          frames = frames + 10
+        elseif battleMenuTo(battle, 4) then
+          press("a")
+        end
+        -- First menu of the battle: send the trainee out purely to be
+        -- marked a participant, then hand the fight straight back.
+        --
+        -- Only when it can survive being there. Switching in costs the
+        -- trainee one free enemy attack, and against a foe far above it
+        -- that is simply a faint -- after which traineeSlot's `hp > 0`
+        -- drops it from the rotation for good, until some nurse happens to
+        -- revive it. That is how NIDORAN_M sat at level 4 for an entire
+        -- run while the lead reached 33: it was fed to the first big wild
+        -- mon it met and never trained again. Being a level behind is the
+        -- point of a trainee; being thirty behind means the exp share is
+        -- worth less than the body.
+        local slot = traineeSlot()
+        local foe = battle.enemy and battle.enemy.mon
+        local mon = slot and (G.save.party or {})[slot]
+        local gap = (foe and mon) and ((foe.level or 0) - (mon.level or 0)) or 0
+        if slot and gap > TRAINEE_MAX_GAP then
+          slot = nil -- too dangerous to be worth the share
+        end
+        trainingPhase = (slot and switchTo(battle, slot)) and "out" or "done"
+      elseif trainingPhase == "out" then
+        -- Leave the trainee IN to actually fight when the encounter is weak
+        -- enough to be safe. A share of the exp levels it far too slowly --
+        -- Nidoran was still trailing badly by Cerulean -- and the route
+        -- needs a real Nidoking, not a passenger. Taking the kill is worth
+        -- several shares, so the rule is "fight anything at or below your
+        -- own level while healthy, hand back anything above it".
+        local me = battle.player and battle.player.mon
+        local foe = battle.enemy and battle.enemy.mon
+        local maxHP = me and me.stats and me.stats.hp or 0
+        local safe = me and foe and maxHP > 0
+                     and (foe.level or 99) <= (me.level or 0) + 1
+                     and (me.hp or 0) / maxHP >= 0.5
+        local lead = (G.save.party or {})[1]
+        if not safe and lead and (lead.hp or 0) > 0 then
+          switchTo(battle, 1)
+        end
+        trainingPhase = "done"
+      elseif battle.kind ~= "wild" and healsLeft > 0
+             and (battle.player.mon.hp or 0)
+                 / math.max(1, battle.player.mon.stats.hp or 1) < IN_BATTLE_HEAL_AT
+             and healInBattle(battle, "battle") then
+        -- A trainer cannot be fled (tryRun refuses), so the only way to
+        -- survive a gauntlet is to drink. Capped per battle so a losing
+        -- fight empties the turn counter rather than the whole bag.
+        healsLeft = healsLeft - 1
+      elseif battle.kind == "wild" and runAttempts < 4 and lowOnHP(battle) then
+        -- RUN is index 4 of the 2x2 grid; trainers refuse (tryRun), so
+        -- this only ever fires on wild encounters
+        runAttempts = runAttempts + 1
+        if battleMenuTo(battle, 4) then press("a") end
+      elseif battleMenuTo(battle, 1) then
+        press("a")
+      end
+    elseif phase == "moveSelect" then
+      local want = bestMoveIndex(battle)
+      for _ = 1, 8 do
+        if battle.moveIndex == want then break end
+        press(battle.moveIndex > want and "up" or "down")
+        U.wait(2)
+        frames = frames + 2
+      end
+      press("a")
+    else
+      press("a") -- intro / messages / anything else: advance
+    end
+    U.wait(3)
+    frames = frames + 4
+    ::continue::
+  end
+  if frames >= limit then say("battle timed out") end
+end
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- shared waits
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- Mash A until the overworld is idle again, fighting any battle that opens.
+local function mashUntilIdle(limit)
+  limit = limit or 6000
+  local frames = 0
+  while frames < limit do
+    -- Never press A blind at a replacement menu: the cursor is on the mon
+    -- that just fainted, so A re-picks it and the menu reopens forever.
+    if replacementMenu() then sendOutHealthy() end
+    if inBattle() then fightBattle() end
+    if idle() then return true end
+    press("a")
+    U.wait(6)
+    frames = frames + 7
+  end
+  say("mashUntilIdle timed out")
+  return false
+end
+
+-- Turn without stepping: hold just long enough for the turn to register,
+-- then release before tryMove commits to a move.
+local function faceDir(dir)
+  if not dir then return end
+  for _ = 1, 4 do
+    if ow().player.facing == dir then return end
+    table.insert(G.input.pressQueue, dir)
+    G.input.state[dir] = true
+    coroutine.yield()
+    G.input.state[dir] = false
+    U.wait(3)
+  end
+end
+
+-- Map lookups. Defined up here because both the shop and the Poké Center
+-- helpers need them, and the shop comes first.
+local function findWarpTo(pattern)
+  for _, w in ipairs(ow().map.def.warps or {}) do
+    if type(w.destMap) == "string" and w.destMap:find(pattern) then return w end
+  end
+end
+
+local function findObject(pattern)
+  for _, o in ipairs(ow().map.def.objects or {}) do
+    if type(o.name) == "string" and o.name:find(pattern) then return o end
+  end
+end
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- ops
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local ops = {}
+
+-- Assigned further down, once the bag/nurse helpers they need exist.
+-- Declared here so ops.battle can top up BEFORE picking a fight.
+local autoHeal, riskThreshold
+
+-- The map the NEXT segment expects, set by the segment loop. DIG and FLY
+-- land wherever the save's heal point says rather than where the route
+-- assumed, so the ops that use them need to know what they were aiming at.
+local nextMapWanted
+local travelDumped = false
+
+-- Cut a tree that is walling us off from (tx, ty). Assigned below, once
+-- ops.fieldMove exists to do the cutting; declared here because ops.goto_
+-- calls it and comes first.
+local cutToward
+
+-- Reach a warp cell by ARRIVING through it. Assigned below (it needs
+-- travelTo); declared here for the same reason as cutToward.
+local arriveByWarp
+
+-- Cross to another region of the same map through a gate. Assigned below
+-- (needs walkOntoWarp); declared here because ops.goto_ calls it.
+local reEnterThroughGate
+
+-- Walk to (x, y). Coordinates outside the map are the route's idiom for
+-- "leave through this edge into the connecting map", so we walk into the
+-- edge and let the connection carry us rather than pathfinding to a cell
+-- that does not exist.
+function ops.goto_(s, _where, isLast)
+  local o = ow()
+  local map = o.map
+  local outside = s.x < 0 or s.y < 0
+                  or s.x >= map.widthCells or s.y >= map.heightCells
+  if outside then
+    local dir = (s.y < 0 and "up") or (s.y >= map.heightCells and "down")
+                or (s.x < 0 and "left") or "right"
+    local startMap = map.id
+
+    -- Get to the border cell the route is pointing through FIRST.
+    --
+    -- Holding the direction from wherever we happen to be standing only
+    -- works if the way out is already in front of us. With a wall in
+    -- between it walks into that wall once per iteration -- 200 identical
+    -- bumps before giving up, which is exactly what "Red walking into the
+    -- same wall over and over and then recovering" looks like on screen.
+    local tx = math.max(0, math.min(s.x, map.widthCells - 1))
+    local ty = math.max(0, math.min(s.y, map.heightCells - 1))
+    local refusedEdge = knownWalls(map.id) or {}
+    for _ = 1, 300 do
+      if ow().map.id ~= startMap then return true end
+      local p = ow().player
+      if p.cellX == tx and p.cellY == ty and not p.moving then break end
+      if inBattle() then fightBattle()
+      elseif busy() then mashUntilIdle()
+      else
+        local key = bfsNextKey(tx, ty, refusedEdge)
+        if not key then
+          -- No path to the border cell -- and on the way OUT of a map that
+          -- is very often a Cut tree that has grown back. Gen 1 restores
+          -- them on every map re-entry, so a tree the route cut on the way
+          -- in is solid again on the way back: ROUTE_16 cuts one at segment
+          -- 101, and returning east to CELADON_CITY then reported
+          -- "ROUTE_16 -> CELADON_CITY did not cross" four times over, with
+          -- the bot trapped in the western pocket and travelTo concluding
+          -- "no way there from ROUTE_16".
+          --
+          -- cutToward already handles this for ordinary waypoints; the
+          -- edge-exit branch is a separate path and never called it.
+          local p2 = ow().player
+          if p2.cellX ~= tx or p2.cellY ~= ty then
+            if cutToward(tx, ty) then
+              goto edgeStep -- re-plan now that the way is open
+            end
+            -- The border can also be walled off by a gate rather than a
+            -- tree: ROUTE_16's east seam sits beyond the gate building, so
+            -- leaving toward CELADON_CITY means going through it first.
+            if reEnterThroughGate(tx, ty) then
+              goto edgeStep
+            end
+          end
+          break -- already there, or genuinely no path
+        end
+        if not walk(key) then
+          local dv = DELTA[key]
+          if dv then
+            local cell = (p.cellY + dv[2]) * map.widthCells + (p.cellX + dv[1])
+            refusedEdge[cell] = true
+            noteWall(map.id, cell)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      ::edgeStep::
+    end
+
+    -- Now push across the seam, but stop as soon as it is clearly not
+    -- happening rather than hammering the border for a fixed 200 frames.
+    local stalls = 0
+    for _ = 1, 80 do
+      if ow().map.id ~= startMap then return true end
+      if inBattle() then fightBattle()
+      elseif busy() then mashUntilIdle()
+      else
+        local p = ow().player
+        local bx, by = p.cellX, p.cellY
+        faceDir(dir)
+        walk(dir)
+        local q = ow().player
+        if q.cellX == bx and q.cellY == by then
+          stalls = stalls + 1
+          if stalls >= 6 then break end
+        else
+          stalls = 0
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    say(("edge exit failed on %s: %s from (%d,%d) toward (%d,%d)")
+        :format(tostring(startMap), dir,
+                ow().player.cellX, ow().player.cellY, s.x, s.y))
+    return false
+  end
+
+  local blocked = 0
+  -- Cells the engine has refused this trip, seeded with the ones earlier
+  -- runs already learned about on this map, so we plan around a known bad
+  -- tile instead of rediscovering it by walking into it.
+  local refused = knownWalls(map.id) or {}
+  -- How often we have stood on each cell while pathing. A gate script that
+  -- shoves the player back (the locked Viridian Gym at (32,8), Pewter's
+  -- youngster, the Route 22 sign) defeats the `blocked` counter below: the
+  -- step genuinely succeeds, so walk() returns true and blocked resets --
+  -- then the script walks us straight back and we oscillate for the full
+  -- 600 iterations. Bail once a cell has come round too many times.
+  local visits, oscillating = {}, 12
+  for _ = 1, 600 do
+    -- Stop the instant a warp changed the map under us.
+    --
+    -- A waypoint can sit past a warp the route walks THROUGH rather than
+    -- onto: VERMILION_DOCK's boarding warp is at (14,2) and segment 62 is
+    -- `goto (14,0)` then `goto (14,3)`, so walking down to (14,3) steps onto
+    -- (14,2) and boards the S.S. Anne mid-walk. Without this guard the goto
+    -- kept chasing (14,3) -- now a cell ON THE SHIP -- and pathed from the
+    -- arrival tile (27,0) straight into (26,0), the ship's OWN warp back to
+    -- the dock, bouncing off. Every following segment then ran on the wrong
+    -- map: the whole ship skipped, HM01 CUT was never collected, and the
+    -- run died 15 segments later at the uncuttable Route 9 tree. The
+    -- edge-exit branch already returns on a map change; the in-bounds loop
+    -- must too, and the segment loop re-syncs to wherever the warp left us.
+    if ow().map.id ~= map.id then return true end
+    local p = ow().player
+    if p.cellX == s.x and p.cellY == s.y then
+      -- Arrived. If the tween into the cell is still running, wait it out
+      -- rather than falling through to BFS -- bfsNextKey returns nil when
+      -- start == goal, which the branch below would misread as "no path"
+      -- and report as unreachable while we are standing on the target.
+      if not p.moving then
+        -- Landing on a warp cell that does not take us anywhere.
+        --
+        -- Warp.onArrive only fires for a tile in the tileset's warpTiles;
+        -- everything else needs the direction still HELD while facing the
+        -- map edge (Warp.onCollision + extraCheck), and walk() releases the
+        -- key the moment the cell changes. Either way the segment then ends
+        -- on the right tile, on the wrong map, and every following segment
+        -- skips -- Mt. Moon B1F's exit at (27,3) is exactly this.
+        --
+        -- ONLY on a segment's last step. A segment's FIRST waypoint is
+        -- routinely the warp we just arrived through -- Red's house
+        -- segment 2 opens on (7,1), the stairs it just came down -- and
+        -- shoving there rides them straight back up. That cost a whole
+        -- attempt at segment 2 the first time this went in.
+        local warped = isLast and map:warpAtCell(s.x, s.y)
+        if warped then
+          local from = ow().map.id
+          local pushed = false
+          for _ = 1, 8 do
+            if ow().map.id ~= from then return true end
+            local m = ow().map
+            -- only a warp ON the map border needs the held direction; an
+            -- interior door fires on its own and has no "outward" to push
+            local outward = (s.x >= m.widthCells - 1 and "right")
+                            or (s.x <= 0 and "left")
+                            or (s.y >= m.heightCells - 1 and "down")
+                            or (s.y <= 0 and "up")
+            if not outward then break end
+            pushed = true
+            faceDir(outward)
+            walk(outward, 8)
+          end
+          -- Only worth saying when we actually tried and it still refused.
+          -- Interior doors reach here every time (they fire a moment later,
+          -- during the next segment's map-wait), and warning about those
+          -- just cries wolf -- two showed up in the first ten segments.
+          if pushed and ow().map.id == from then
+            local dest = (warped.def and warped.def.destMap) or warped.destMap
+            say(("goto (%d,%d): stood on a border warp to %s on %s and it "
+                 .. "did not fire"):format(s.x, s.y, tostring(dest), from))
+          end
+        end
+        return true
+      end
+      U.wait(2)
+    elseif inBattle() then
+      fightBattle()
+    elseif busy() then
+      mashUntilIdle()
+    else
+      -- Count only the iterations where we actually choose a step from this
+      -- cell -- not frames spent in a battle or waiting out a tween, which
+      -- legitimately sit on one cell for a long time.
+      local cell = p.cellY * ow().map.widthCells + p.cellX
+      visits[cell] = (visits[cell] or 0) + 1
+      if visits[cell] > oscillating then
+        say(("goto (%d,%d) gave up on %s: pathed away from (%d,%d) %d times "
+             .. "-- a gate script keeps pushing us back")
+            :format(s.x, s.y, ow().map.id, p.cellX, p.cellY, visits[cell]))
+        return false
+      end
+      local key = bfsNextKey(s.x, s.y, refused)
+      if not key then
+        -- an NPC can park on the target or the only path to it; give it a
+        -- moment to wander off before giving up on this waypoint
+        U.wait(30)
+        -- That wait yields, so a script move or a tween can land us on the
+        -- target meanwhile -- and bfsNextKey returns nil for "already
+        -- there" just as it does for "no path". Re-check arrival first or
+        -- we report the waypoint unreachable while standing on it (and
+        -- `p` is live, so the message would print from == target).
+        local arrived = p.cellX == s.x and p.cellY == s.y
+        if not arrived and not bfsNextKey(s.x, s.y, refused) then
+          -- BFS treats NPCs as walls, so an unreachable waypoint almost
+          -- always means somebody is standing where the route expects
+          -- empty floor -- usually an event NPC that should have been
+          -- hidden by a script. Name them, so the log says who.
+          local who = {}
+          for _, npc in ipairs(ow().npcs) do
+            who[#who + 1] = ("%s@(%d,%d)"):format(
+              tostring(npc.def and npc.def.id or npc.def and npc.def.sprite or "?"),
+              npc.cellX, npc.cellY)
+          end
+          -- ...or a Cut tree has grown back across the way.
+          --
+          -- Gen 1 restores cut trees whenever the map is re-entered, and we
+          -- re-enter constantly: every Poké Center visit is a warp out and
+          -- back. Vermilion is the case that forced this. Its gym sits in a
+          -- pocket (x 6-15, y 20-23) whose ONLY opening is the tree at
+          -- (15,18) -- verified against the block data, block 53, which is
+          -- a cutTreeSwaps entry. So beating Surge, healing at the centre
+          -- and then running segment 71 found `goto (12,20)` unreachable,
+          -- every following segment skipped, and a won gym was thrown away.
+          if cutToward(s.x, s.y) then
+            blocked = 0
+            goto keepGoing
+          end
+          -- ...or the target is in a part of this map no walk connects.
+          --
+          -- Cave floors are not one connected room. MT_MOON_B1F is four
+          -- separate pockets stitched together through B2F and 1F, so
+          -- standing on warp 5 at (21,17) there is genuinely NO path to
+          -- warp 7 at (23,3) -- the log said so with "npcs: none". travelTo
+          -- cannot help either: both cells are the same MAP, so it thinks
+          -- we have already arrived. The way to such a cell is to come out
+          -- of it, which is what this does.
+          if arriveByWarp(s.x, s.y) then return true end
+          -- ...or the way across is a gate whose warps all say LAST_MAP,
+          -- which no plan can see through (ROUTE_16's two halves).
+          if reEnterThroughGate(s.x, s.y) then
+            blocked = 0
+            goto keepGoing
+          end
+          -- ...or the waypoint IS an NPC's own cell. PokeBotBad's
+          -- collision model does not wall off NPCs, so its waypoints
+          -- sometimes name the tile a clerk is standing on -- Celadon
+          -- Mart 2F's goto (6,3) is CELADONMART2F_CLERK2's cell, and the
+          -- failed step cost the run its POKE_DOLL. Our BFS is right to
+          -- refuse; "beside them, facing them" serves every use the
+          -- route makes of such a waypoint (a talk/shop step follows).
+          for _, npc in ipairs(ow().npcs) do
+            if npc.cellX == s.x and npc.cellY == s.y then
+              for _, d in ipairs({ { 0, 1, "up" }, { 0, -1, "down" },
+                                   { -1, 0, "right" }, { 1, 0, "left" } }) do
+                local ax, ay = s.x + d[1], s.y + d[2]
+                if map:inBounds(ax, ay) and map:isWalkableCell(ax, ay)
+                   and not ow():npcAtCell(ax, ay)
+                   and ops.goto_({ x = ax, y = ay }) then
+                  local p2 = ow().player
+                  if p2.cellX == ax and p2.cellY == ay then
+                    faceDir(d[3])
+                    say(("goto (%d,%d) is %s's own cell; standing beside "
+                         .. "at (%d,%d)"):format(s.x, s.y,
+                        tostring(npc.def and (npc.def.id or npc.def.sprite)
+                                 or "npc"), ax, ay))
+                    return true
+                  end
+                end
+              end
+              break
+            end
+          end
+          say(("goto (%d,%d) unreachable on %s; from (%d,%d); npcs: %s")
+              :format(s.x, s.y, ow().map.id, p.cellX, p.cellY,
+                      #who > 0 and table.concat(who, " ") or "none"))
+          return false
+        end
+      elseif walk(key) then
+        blocked = 0
+        -- proved passable: forget any refusal an earlier run recorded here
+        local now = ow()
+        if now.map.id == map.id then
+          clearWall(map.id, now.player.cellY * now.map.widthCells + now.player.cellX)
+        end
+      else
+        -- BFS said this was walkable but the step did not land: a warp
+        -- fired, an entity moved in, or the collision data disagrees
+        -- (ledges are one-way, counters and doors are not plain floor).
+        --
+        -- Retrying alone is useless -- BFS is deterministic, so it hands
+        -- back this exact step again and we bump the same wall until the
+        -- counter runs out. Remember the cell it refused and re-plan; the
+        -- next bfsNextKey call treats it as a wall and routes around.
+        blocked = blocked + 1
+        local dv = DELTA[key]
+        if dv then
+          local bx, by = p.cellX + dv[1], p.cellY + dv[2]
+          local cell = by * map.widthCells + bx
+          refused[cell] = true
+          local seen = noteWall(map.id, cell)
+          if blocked == 1 then
+            say(("goto (%d,%d): %s refused the step into (%d,%d); routing "
+                 .. "around it (refused %dx across runs)")
+                :format(s.x, s.y, ow().map.id, bx, by, seen))
+          end
+        end
+        if blocked >= 8 then
+          say(("goto (%d,%d) stuck at (%d,%d) on %s")
+              :format(s.x, s.y, p.cellX, p.cellY, ow().map.id))
+          return false
+        end
+        U.wait(4)
+      end
+    end
+    ::keepGoing::
+  end
+  say(("goto (%d,%d) timed out"):format(s.x, s.y))
+  return false
+end
+
+-- Interact with whatever is adjacent, and report whether anything opened.
+--
+-- Most converted steps carry no direction: PokeBotBad's strategy functions
+-- knew the geometry, so the route only records a dir for its generic
+-- {s="talk",dir=...} verb. Walking a waypoint leaves us facing the way we
+-- travelled, which is rarely the way the target sits -- arriving at Oak's
+-- ball row from the west leaves us facing right while the ball is north.
+-- So when no direction is given, try each facing until the press takes.
+local function interact(face)
+  local dirs = face and { face }
+                or { ow().player.facing, "up", "down", "left", "right" }
+  for _, d in ipairs(dirs) do
+    faceDir(d)
+    press("a")
+    U.wait(10)
+    if busy() or inBattle() then return true end
+  end
+  return false
+end
+
+function ops.battle(s, where)
+  -- Top up BEFORE picking the fight rather than after losing it. This is
+  -- the whole difference between a trainer costing us a potion and a
+  -- trainer costing us the run, and it is where the danger memory pays
+  -- off: on a map that has killed us the bar is much higher.
+  autoHeal(where, riskThreshold(where))
+  local opened = interact(s.face)
+  if inBattle() then fightBattle() end
+  mashUntilIdle()
+  return opened
+end
+
+function ops.talk(s)
+  local opened = interact(s.face)
+  -- a talk can start a fight (a trainer, or the ball that triggers the
+  -- rival), so never assume the overworld is what we come back to
+  if inBattle() then fightBattle() end
+  mashUntilIdle()
+  return opened
+end
+
+ops.pickup = ops.talk
+
+function ops.bike()
+  -- toggling the bike needs the bag; without a handler we simply walk,
+  -- which costs time but never blocks progress
+  return true
+end
+
+-- The route names its catch targets in its own vocabulary; these are the
+-- species the encounter tables actually use. `flier` is PokeBotBad's word
+-- for "whatever around here can be taught FLY".
+local CATCH_SPECIES = {
+  nidoran = { "NIDORAN_M", "NIDORAN_F" },
+  oddish  = { "ODDISH" },
+  paras   = { "PARAS" },
+  flier   = { "SPEAROW", "PIDGEY" },
+}
+
+-- Set by allowCatch, read by the catch handlers that follow it. The route
+-- always pairs the two (`allowCatch nidoran` then `manual catchNidoran`),
+-- so this is only a fallback for the handler's own species list.
+local catchTarget
+
+function ops.allowCatch(s)
+  catchTarget = s.mon and CATCH_SPECIES[s.mon] or nil
+  return true
+end
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- shops
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Which screen is on top. ShopMenu is a Menu of BUY/SELL/QUIT whose rows
+-- carry .onSelect; the buy list is a ListMenu whose rows carry .value (the
+-- item id); QuantityBox owns .qty; ChoiceBox owns .index with no rows.
+local function top() return G.stack:top() end
+local function rows() local t = top() return t and t.items end
+local function isMenu()
+  local r = rows() return r ~= nil and r[1] ~= nil and r[1].onSelect ~= nil
+end
+local function isList()
+  local r = rows() return r ~= nil and r[1] ~= nil and r[1].value ~= nil
+end
+local function isQty() local t = top() return t ~= nil and t.qty ~= nil end
+local function isChoice()
+  local t = top() return t ~= nil and t.index ~= nil and t.items == nil
+end
+
+-- press `btn` until pred() holds
+local function pressUntil(pred, btn, tries)
+  for _ = 1, tries or 60 do
+    if pred() then return true end
+    press(btn)
+    U.wait(4)
+  end
+  return pred()
+end
+
+-- move a vertical cursor to `want`, reading `field` off the top screen
+local function cursorTo(field, want, tries)
+  for _ = 1, tries or 40 do
+    local t = top()
+    if not t or t[field] == want then return t ~= nil end
+    press(t[field] > want and "up" or "down")
+    U.wait(3)
+  end
+  local t = top()
+  return t ~= nil and t[field] == want
+end
+
+-- PokeBotBad's shop lists are exact counts tuned to a speedrun's money and
+-- damage breakpoints. We only need to stay alive and be able to catch
+-- things, so each stop buys a plain stock instead.
+local SHOP_STOCK = {
+  -- Viridian Mart stocks POKE_BALL, ANTIDOTE, PARLYZ_HEAL, BURN_HEAL and
+  -- no POTION at all (vanilla) -- so there is no HP healing for sale until
+  -- Pewter, and the only HP items before Viridian Forest are the two
+  -- hidden POTIONs at VIRIDIAN_CITY (14,4) and VIRIDIAN_FOREST (1,18).
+  -- The status heals are worth the money: ops.heal(status) can spend them,
+  -- and a slept lead loses more turns than a dented one.
+  viridianBalls = { { "POKE_BALL", 10 }, { "ANTIDOTE", 2 }, { "PARLYZ_HEAL", 2 } },
+  -- ESCAPE_ROPE first, and it is not optional: segment 48 leaves Bill's
+  -- house with `useItem escape_rope` and has no walk to the door, so
+  -- without one in the bag the bot takes the S.S. ANNE TICKET and then
+  -- stands in Bill's living room until the skip guard kills the attempt.
+  -- Pewter is the only stop before Bill that sells them (Cerulean Mart
+  -- stocks REPEL in that slot), so it gets first call on the money.
+  pewter        = { { "ESCAPE_ROPE", 1 }, { "POTION", 8 } },
+  -- SUPER_POTION, not POTION: VermilionMartClerkText stocks
+  -- POKE_BALL, SUPER_POTION, ICE_HEAL, AWAKENING, PARLYZ_HEAL, REPEL
+  -- (data/items/marts.asm:17) and carries no plain POTION at all. Asking
+  -- for one bought nothing -- "shop: no POTION @ VERMILION_MART" -- so the
+  -- bot left Vermilion with zero healing and spent the next stretch of the
+  -- route dying: nine wipes in Surge's gym, five more around Cerulean, all
+  -- of them fought at whatever HP the last nurse left. Healing comes first
+  -- here; the balls are for later catches and can wait.
+  vermilion     = { { "SUPER_POTION", 8 }, { "POKE_BALL", 5 } },
+  -- Celadon Mart 2F (segment 92) is the best-stocked shop the route visits
+  -- and the last one before the long Rocket Hideout / Pokémon Tower / Silph
+  -- stretch, so it is where the run buys its staying power.
+  --
+  -- SUPER_REPEL is dropped on purpose: fewer wild encounters means less
+  -- exp, and being underlevelled is what actually kills this bot. REVIVE is
+  -- worth the 1500 -- a faint mid-dungeon otherwise means a walk back from
+  -- the heal point through everything we just cleared.
+  -- `reserve` keeps ¥800 back for the roof's vending machines four segments
+  -- later (a FRESH_WATER is ¥200, and one drink opens every Saffron gate).
+  -- REVIVE is dropped: at ¥1500 it alone emptied the wallet, and a revive
+  -- is worth far less to this run than reaching Lavender at all.
+  repels        = { reserve = 800, { "SUPER_POTION", 4 } },
+  -- Celadon Mart 5F stocks X_ACCURACY / GUARD_SPEC / DIRE_HIT / the X
+  -- stat items and the five vitamins -- no healing at all. It previously
+  -- asked for FULL_RESTORE here, which 5F has never sold (that is the
+  -- Indigo Plateau lobby), so the step bought nothing every run. The X
+  -- items are exactly the speedrun tech we drop, so there is nothing here
+  -- worth stopping for; kept as an empty list so the step is a no-op
+  -- rather than a logged failure.
+  buffs         = {},
+  pokeDoll      = { { "POKE_DOLL", 1 } },
+  -- TM07 and the vending machine are speedrun tech (Horn Drill, drinks for
+  -- the Saffron guards); the guards are handled by the giveWater handler
+  tm07 = {}, vending = {}, water = {},
+  -- The Indigo lobby mart (ULTRA_BALL, GREAT_BALL, FULL_RESTORE,
+  -- MAX_POTION, FULL_HEAL, REVIVE, MAX_REPEL). Not a route stop -- the
+  -- speedrun arrives provisioned -- but our bot arrives with whatever
+  -- survived Victory Road, and the Elite Four is five fights with no
+  -- nurse between them. The segment loop shops here on its own when the
+  -- lobby segment runs (see the INDIGO_PLATEAU_LOBBY anchor). No REVIVE:
+  -- nothing in the driver knows how to use one.
+  indigo = { { "FULL_RESTORE", 6 }, { "FULL_HEAL", 3 } },
+}
+local DEFAULT_STOCK = { { "POTION", 10 } }
+
+-- Drive a QuantityBox to `want`.
+--
+-- It does NOT follow the list convention cursorTo implements. On a list,
+-- up moves toward index 1; on a QuantityBox, up *increases* the count and
+-- down decreases it, both wrapping around 1..max (QuantityBox.lua:29-33).
+-- Handing it cursorTo therefore walked the wrong way and then oscillated
+-- between 1 and max forever, so buyItem gave up and bought nothing -- the
+-- exception being a target exactly one wrap below max, which is why the
+-- occasional stop appeared to work and the failure looked intermittent.
+local function qtyTo(want, tries)
+  for _ = 1, tries or 120 do
+    local t = top()
+    if not t or not t.qty then return false end
+    if t.qty == want then return true end
+    press(t.qty < want and "up" or "down")
+    U.wait(3)
+  end
+  local t = top()
+  return t ~= nil and t.qty == want
+end
+
+-- Buy `qty` of `id` from an open buy list. Leaves the list open.
+local function buyItem(id, qty, where)
+  if not isList() then return false end
+  local idx
+  for i, row in ipairs(rows()) do
+    if row.value == id then idx = i break end
+  end
+  if not idx then
+    note("shop: no " .. id, where)
+    return false
+  end
+  if not cursorTo("index", idx) then return false end
+  press("a")
+  U.wait(6)
+  if not isQty() then
+    note("shop: no quantity box for " .. id, where)
+    return false
+  end
+  -- QuantityBox caps at .max (what we can afford), so never ask for more
+  local want = math.min(qty, top().max or qty)
+  if not qtyTo(want) then
+    note("shop: could not set the quantity for " .. id, where)
+    say(("shop: stuck setting %s quantity to %d on %s"):format(id, want,
+        tostring(where)))
+    return false
+  end
+  press("a")
+  U.wait(6)
+  if isChoice() then
+    if not cursorTo("index", 1) then return false end -- YES
+    press("a")
+    U.wait(10)
+  end
+  -- back to the list (the purchase text may need clearing first)
+  pressUntil(isList, "a", 20)
+  return true
+end
+
+-- Back all the way out of the shop with B.
+--
+-- Never mash A to close one: on the buy list A IS a purchase, so the
+-- generic mashUntilIdle() turns any wrong turn in here into an endless
+-- shopping spree that empties the wallet and then sits on the "not enough
+-- money" footer forever. B is the only safe key once a shop screen is up.
+local function closeShop()
+  for _ = 1, 40 do
+    if not (isList() or isQty() or isChoice() or isMenu()) then return true end
+    press("b")
+    U.wait(6)
+  end
+  return false
+end
+
+-- Walk to a cell beside (ox, oy) and turn to face it.
+--
+-- The route's own waypoint is wherever PokeBotBad happened to stand, which
+-- is not always next to the thing it then talks to. Viridian Mart is the
+-- case that matters: the shop step walks to (2,5), but VIRIDIANMART_CLERK
+-- is at (0,5) -- two tiles west, so interact() probed four empty cells and
+-- the shop never opened. That failed quietly into `note`, so every stop on
+-- the route had been buying nothing at all: no POKE_BALLs for the Nidoran
+-- catch, and none of Pewter's eight POTIONs either, which is a large part
+-- of why the party kept arriving at Brock with nothing to heal with.
+local function stepUpTo(ox, oy)
+  local m = ow().map
+  for _, d in ipairs({ { 1, 0, "left" }, { -1, 0, "right" },
+                       { 0, 1, "up" }, { 0, -1, "down" } }) do
+    local cx, cy = ox + d[1], oy + d[2]
+    if m:inBounds(cx, cy) and m:isWalkableCell(cx, cy)
+       and not ow():npcAtCell(cx, cy) then
+      local p = ow().player
+      if not (p.cellX == cx and p.cellY == cy) then
+        ops.goto_({ x = cx, y = cy })
+        p = ow().player
+      end
+      if p.cellX == cx and p.cellY == cy then
+        faceDir(d[3])
+        return true
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  -- No walkable cell touches the object: it stands BEHIND A COUNTER, the
+  -- normal case for every mart clerk (Celadon 2F/4F is where this bit --
+  -- "FAILED at reaching the clerk" cost the run its SUPER_POTIONs and the
+  -- POKE_DOLL the MAROWAK strategy depends on). Counter tiles are talked
+  -- across (Map's counterTiles, same as the nurse's desk), so stand TWO
+  -- cells away with the counter between us and face the object.
+  for _, d in ipairs({ { 0, 2, "up" }, { 0, -2, "down" },
+                       { 2, 0, "left" }, { -2, 0, "right" } }) do
+    local cx, cy = ox + d[1], oy + d[2]
+    if m:inBounds(cx, cy) and m:isWalkableCell(cx, cy) then
+      local p = ow().player
+      if not (p.cellX == cx and p.cellY == cy) then
+        ops.goto_({ x = cx, y = cy })
+        p = ow().player
+      end
+      if p.cellX == cx and p.cellY == cy then
+        faceDir(d[3])
+        return true
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  return false
+end
+
+function ops.shop(s, where)
+  local stock = SHOP_STOCK[s.list] or DEFAULT_STOCK
+  if #stock == 0 then return true end
+  -- Stand next to the clerk first; the route's waypoint may not be
+  -- adjacent to them (see stepUpTo).
+  local clerk = findObject("CLERK") or findObject("CASHIER")
+  if clerk then stepUpTo(clerk.x, clerk.y) end
+  -- Shops failed silently into `note` for a long time, and a note only
+  -- surfaces in the end-of-run summary -- long after the empty bag has
+  -- already cost a catch or a gym. Name the stage that failed, live.
+  local function stageFailed(stage)
+    local t = top()
+    local kind = (isList() and "list") or (isMenu() and "menu")
+                 or (isQty() and "qty") or (isChoice() and "choice")
+                 or (t and "other") or "nothing"
+    say(("shop %s on %s: FAILED at %s (top=%s, rows=%d)"):format(
+        tostring(s.list), tostring(where), stage, kind,
+        rows() and #rows() or 0))
+  end
+
+  if not interact() then
+    note("shop: no clerk", where)
+    stageFailed("reaching the clerk")
+    return false
+  end
+  if not pressUntil(isMenu, "a", 60) then
+    note("shop: menu never opened", where)
+    stageFailed("BUY/SELL/QUIT menu")
+    closeShop()
+    mashUntilIdle()
+    return false
+  end
+  if not cursorTo("index", 1) then
+    stageFailed("cursor to BUY")
+    closeShop()
+    return false
+  end
+  press("a")
+  U.wait(10)
+  if not pressUntil(isList, "a", 30) then
+    note("shop: buy list never opened", where)
+    stageFailed("buy list")
+    closeShop()
+    mashUntilIdle()
+    return false
+  end
+  -- Stop buying once the reserve is reached.
+  --
+  -- Some later step needs money more than this shop does, and a shop with
+  -- no brake spends it all. Celadon Mart 2F is exactly that: it comes at
+  -- segment 92 and the roof's vending machines at 96, so stocking up on
+  -- SUPER_POTIONs left ¥68 and the vending machine could not sell a
+  -- ¥200 FRESH_WATER -- "3 vending purchases, 0 drink(s) in the bag". That
+  -- drink is not a comfort item: it opens all four Saffron gates, and with
+  -- Saffron shut the run cannot reach Lavender for the POKE_FLUTE, so the
+  -- potions bought instead cost the back half of the game.
+  for _, want in ipairs(stock) do
+    if (G.save.money or 0) <= (stock.reserve or 0) then
+      say(("shop %s on %s: stopping at ¥%d to keep the ¥%d reserve")
+          :format(tostring(s.list), tostring(where), G.save.money or 0,
+                  stock.reserve or 0))
+      break
+    end
+    buyItem(want[1], want[2], where)
+  end
+  local closed = closeShop()
+  if not closed then note("shop: would not close", where) end
+  mashUntilIdle() -- safe now: every shop screen is off the stack
+  -- Report what we actually walked out with. A shop that silently buys
+  -- nothing is the failure mode this op has already had once, and it only
+  -- shows up much later as an empty bag at the point of need.
+  local got = {}
+  for _, want in ipairs(stock) do
+    got[#got + 1] = ("%s x%d"):format(want[1], (G.save.inventory or {})[want[1]] or 0)
+  end
+  say(("shop %s on %s: %s (¥%d left)"):format(
+      tostring(s.list), tostring(where), table.concat(got, ", "),
+      G.save.money or 0))
+  return closed
+end
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- healing
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- The route's `heal` steps are bag heals, not Poké Center visits: only 3
+-- of the 197 segments are centers, and PokeBotBad tops up from items as it
+-- walks. A step can carry `status` (cure a status), `full` (spend a
+-- FULL_RESTORE) or `hp = N` (only bother once N HP is missing).
+--
+-- We drive the real menus instead of calling ItemEffects.use directly.
+-- Calling the API would heal just as well and be far less fiddly, but the
+-- whole point of the run is to assert that warps, scripts, battles AND
+-- menus work end to end -- a bag that stopped opening would go unnoticed.
+
+-- weakest first, so a heal spends the cheapest thing that will do
+local HP_ITEMS = { "POTION", "SUPER_POTION", "HYPER_POTION", "MAX_POTION",
+                   "FULL_RESTORE" }
+local STATUS_ITEMS = { "ANTIDOTE", "PARLYZ_HEAL", "AWAKENING", "BURN_HEAL",
+                       "ICE_HEAL", "FULL_HEAL" }
+
+local function party() return G.save.party or {} end
+local function heldCount(id) return (G.save.inventory or {})[id] end
+
+-- the living mon that has lost the most HP, and how much it is missing
+local function mostHurt()
+  local slot, worst
+  for i, mon in ipairs(party()) do
+    local max = mon.stats and mon.stats.hp
+    if max and mon.hp and mon.hp > 0 then
+      local missing = max - mon.hp
+      if missing > 0 and (not worst or missing > worst) then slot, worst = i, missing end
+    end
+  end
+  return slot, worst or 0
+end
+
+local function firstStatused()
+  for i, mon in ipairs(party()) do
+    if mon.hp and mon.hp > 0 and mon.status and mon.status ~= "" then return i end
+  end
+end
+
+-- B out of whatever menus are open, back to the plain overworld
+local function backOut()
+  for _ = 1, 25 do
+    if top() == ow() then return true end
+    press("b")
+    U.wait(5)
+  end
+  return top() == ow()
+end
+
+-- The USE/TOSS submenu is pushed with a raw stack:push, so unlike every
+-- other screen here it carries no .screenId -- identify it by its rows.
+local function isUseToss()
+  local r = rows()
+  return r ~= nil and r[1] ~= nil and r[1].label == "USE"
+end
+
+-- START -> ITEM -> <item> -> USE -> <party slot>. Returns true if used.
+local function useItemOn(itemId, slot, where)
+  press("start")
+  U.wait(8)
+  local menu = top()
+  if not (menu and menu.screenId == "StartMenu") then
+    note("heal: start menu never opened", where)
+    backOut()
+    return false
+  end
+  -- the ITEM row shifts with the POKéDEX/LINK/MODS rows (and the list runs
+  -- through the ui.start_menu.items mod hook), so never hardcode its index
+  local itemRow
+  for i, it in ipairs(menu.items or {}) do
+    if it.label == "ITEM" then itemRow = i break end
+  end
+  if not itemRow or not cursorTo("index", itemRow) then
+    note("heal: no ITEM row", where)
+    backOut()
+    return false
+  end
+  press("a")
+  U.wait(10)
+
+  local bag = top()
+  if not (bag and bag.screenId == "BagMenu") then
+    note("heal: bag never opened", where)
+    backOut()
+    return false
+  end
+  local bagRow
+  for i, r in ipairs(bag.items or {}) do
+    if r.value == itemId then bagRow = i break end
+  end
+  if not bagRow or not cursorTo("index", bagRow) then
+    note("heal: " .. itemId .. " not in bag", where)
+    backOut()
+    return false
+  end
+  press("a")
+  U.wait(8)
+
+  -- outside battle a healing item always offers USE/TOSS first; USE is row 1
+  if isUseToss() then
+    if not cursorTo("index", 1) then backOut() return false end
+    press("a")
+    U.wait(8)
+  end
+
+  local pm = top()
+  if not (pm and pm.screenId == "PartyMenu") then
+    note("heal: party menu never opened", where)
+    backOut()
+    return false
+  end
+  if not cursorTo("index", slot) then backOut() return false end
+  press("a")
+  U.wait(10)
+  -- clear the "HP was restored!" box, then unwind the bag + start menu
+  pressUntil(function() return not (top() and top().screenId == "PartyMenu") end, "a", 15)
+  backOut()
+  return true
+end
+
+-- Drink a potion DURING a battle.
+--
+-- fightBattle only ever had one answer to a hurt lead: flee. That works on
+-- a wild encounter and is impossible against a trainer, so a gauntlet map
+-- simply ground the lead down and killed it -- ROUTE_9 is one long chain of
+-- trainers and it wiped the run fifteen times in a single attempt while
+-- eight SUPER_POTIONs sat unused in the bag. The lead was level 33 against
+-- level-20 trainers; it was not outmatched, it was just never healed.
+--
+-- Losing the turn is the right trade here. A faint costs the whole battle,
+-- and behind our lead sits a level-4 NIDORAN -- when the lead goes down the
+-- run is over, so the turn is cheap by comparison.
+--
+-- The bag in battle is the ITEM slot of the action grid (index 3), the same
+-- door throwBall uses; the potion then asks for a target through a
+-- pickOnly PartyMenu (BagMenu:useItem -> Screens.push "PartyMenu").
+function healInBattle(battle, where)
+  local mon = battle.player and battle.player.mon
+  if not mon or not mon.stats then return false end
+  local gap = (mon.stats.hp or 0) - (mon.hp or 0)
+  if gap <= 0 then return false end
+  -- smallest item that covers the gap, so a MAX_POTION is not spent on a
+  -- scratch (same order ops.heal uses)
+  local pick
+  for _, id in ipairs(HP_ITEMS) do
+    if (heldCount(id) or 0) > 0 then
+      local amount = (id == "POTION" and 20) or (id == "SUPER_POTION" and 50)
+                     or (id == "HYPER_POTION" and 200) or 999
+      if not pick then pick = id end
+      if amount >= gap then pick = id break end
+    end
+  end
+  if not pick then return false end
+  local beforeHP = mon.hp or 0
+  local beforeCount = heldCount(pick) or 0
+  if not battleMenuTo(battle, 3) then return false end
+  press("a")
+  if not waitFor(isList, 40) then backOut() return false end
+  local idx
+  for i, row in ipairs(rows() or {}) do
+    if row.value == pick then idx = i break end
+  end
+  if not idx or not cursorTo("index", idx) then backOut() return false end
+  press("a")
+  U.wait(10)
+  -- the party picker: heal the mon that is actually out, which is slot 1's
+  -- position in the list only when nothing has been switched, so find it
+  local pm = top()
+  if pm and pm.onSwitch ~= nil and pm.index ~= nil then
+    local slot = 1
+    for i, m in ipairs(party()) do
+      if m == mon then slot = i break end
+    end
+    if not cursorTo("index", slot) then backOut() return false end
+    press("a")
+    U.wait(12)
+  end
+  -- Sample the result BEFORE handing the turn back.
+  --
+  -- The first version logged HP after mashUntilIdle, which runs the rest of
+  -- the turn including the enemy's attack -- so every heal printed "(0/79)"
+  -- and there was no way to tell a potion that never applied from one that
+  -- worked before we were killed anyway. Watch for the HP to actually rise,
+  -- and check the bag, so the log says which it was.
+  local rose = waitFor(function() return (mon.hp or 0) > beforeHP end, 30)
+  local healedTo = mon.hp or 0
+  local spent = (heldCount(pick) or 0) < beforeCount
+  mashUntilIdle(400)
+  if rose then
+    say(("healed %s with %s mid-battle: %d -> %d/%d"):format(
+        tostring(mon.species), pick, beforeHP, healedTo, mon.stats.hp or 0))
+  else
+    say(("mid-battle %s did NOT heal %s (%d/%d, item %s) -- now %d/%d"):format(
+        pick, tostring(mon.species), beforeHP, mon.stats.hp or 0,
+        spent and "was consumed" or "still in the bag",
+        mon.hp or 0, mon.stats.hp or 0))
+  end
+  return rose
+end
+
+-- Battle menu -> ITEM -> POKE_DOLL. Used by fightBattle against the
+-- static ghost MAROWAK; ItemEffects ends the battle as an escape and
+-- BagMenu marks battle.pokeDollEscape for the 6F script's win check.
+function throwPokeDoll(battle)
+  if not battleMenuTo(battle, 3) then return false end
+  press("a")
+  if not waitFor(isList, 40) then backOut() return false end
+  local idx
+  for i, row in ipairs(rows() or {}) do
+    if row.value == "POKE_DOLL" then idx = i break end
+  end
+  if not idx or not cursorTo("index", idx) then backOut() return false end
+  press("a")
+  U.wait(12)
+  say("threw the POKE DOLL")
+  mashUntilIdle(400)
+  return true
+end
+
+function ops.heal(s, where)
+  -- status cures first: a slept/paralysed lead loses more turns than a
+  -- dented one, and the route only asks for them when it matters
+  if s.status then
+    local slot = firstStatused()
+    if not slot then return true end -- nothing to cure; not a failure
+    for _, id in ipairs(STATUS_ITEMS) do
+      if heldCount(id) then return useItemOn(id, slot, where) end
+    end
+    note("heal: no status item", where)
+    return true
+  end
+
+  local slot, missing = mostHurt()
+  if not slot then return true end -- party is topped up already
+  -- `hp = N` is the route's "only bother once N HP is down" threshold
+  if s.hp and missing < s.hp then return true end
+
+  local order = HP_ITEMS
+  if s.full then order = { "FULL_RESTORE", "MAX_POTION", "HYPER_POTION" } end
+  -- prefer the smallest item that covers the gap, so early POTIONs are not
+  -- wasted on 2 HP and a FULL_RESTORE is not wasted on a scratch
+  local pick
+  for _, id in ipairs(order) do
+    if heldCount(id) then
+      pick = pick or id -- fallback: the weakest thing we actually own
+      local amount = (id == "POTION" and 20) or (id == "SUPER_POTION" and 50)
+                     or (id == "HYPER_POTION" and 200) or 999
+      if amount >= missing then pick = id break end
+    end
+  end
+  if not pick then
+    note("heal: no HP item", where)
+    return true
+  end
+  return useItemOn(pick, slot, where)
+end
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Poké Centers
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Viridian Mart sells POKE_BALL/ANTIDOTE/PARLYZ_HEAL/BURN_HEAL and no
+-- POTION (vanilla), and the first POTION on sale is in Pewter -- on the
+-- far side of Viridian Forest. For the whole first act the nurse is the
+-- only way to restore HP, so healing cannot be just another route verb:
+-- it has to be able to leave the route, walk to a counter, and come back
+-- to the tile it left from.
+
+-- Walk onto a warp tile, stopping the instant the map changes.
+--
+-- ops.goto_ must NOT be used for this: it re-reads ow() every iteration,
+-- so once the warp fires it carries on pathfinding toward the *old* map's
+-- coordinates on the new map -- which for a door at (23,25) landing in a
+-- 12x8 Poké Center is off the edge, and the out-of-bounds branch then
+-- spends 200 frames trying to leave by the nearest border.
+local function walkOntoWarp(wx, wy)
+  local from = ow().map.id
+  local stuckOnWarp = 0
+  for _ = 1, 300 do
+    if ow().map.id ~= from then return true end
+    if inBattle() then fightBattle()
+    elseif busy() then mashUntilIdle()
+    else
+      local p = ow().player
+      if p.cellX == wx and p.cellY == wy then
+        -- Standing on the mat is not enough for a building exit: it fires
+        -- on the step that LEAVES the doorway, so push toward the nearest
+        -- edge (down for a door on the bottom row) instead of waiting.
+        --
+        -- Without this we sit on the mat until the loop expires and the
+        -- rest of the route then runs indoors, where the city's waypoints
+        -- are out of bounds on a 12x8 Poké Center and read as the route's
+        -- "leave by this edge" idiom -- which is Red shoving downward into
+        -- the wall below the door instead of walking out of it.
+        local m = ow().map
+        local outward = (wy >= m.heightCells - 1 and "down")
+                        or (wy <= 0 and "up")
+                        or (wx <= 0 and "left")
+                        or (wx >= m.widthCells - 1 and "right")
+                        or "down"
+        faceDir(outward)
+        walk(outward)
+        -- If pushing outward does nothing, the warp we are standing on is
+        -- INERT -- we arrived onto it, and the engine keeps a warp inert
+        -- until you step off (OverworldController warpEntryCell). That is
+        -- correct for not bouncing, but here we WANT to leave the same way,
+        -- which is exactly the Route 16 gate: the plan routes back out the
+        -- door we came in, and walkOntoWarp shoved a dead warp forever
+        -- ("warp@0,8 did not move" x90). Step off to an adjacent cell and
+        -- back on to re-arm it, then the next loop takes it normally.
+        if ow().map.id == from and (p.cellX == wx and p.cellY == wy) then
+          stuckOnWarp = (stuckOnWarp or 0) + 1
+          if stuckOnWarp >= 3 then
+            for _, d in ipairs(DIRS) do
+              local ax, ay = wx + d[1], wy + d[2]
+              if m:inBounds(ax, ay) and m:isWalkableCell(ax, ay)
+                 and not m:warpAtCell(ax, ay) then
+                walk(d[3])        -- step OFF the warp (re-arms it)
+                if ow().player.cellX == ax and ow().player.cellY == ay then
+                  stuckOnWarp = 0
+                  break
+                end
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        else
+          stuckOnWarp = 0
+        end
+      else
+        local key = bfsNextKey(wx, wy)
+        if not key then
+          -- The warp may be walled off by a Cut tree -- the Vermilion Gym
+          -- door at (12,19) sits behind one -- so walkOntoWarp could never
+          -- reach it and travelTo(VERMILION_GYM) spun "did not move"
+          -- forever. Cut a blocking tree and retry; only give up if there
+          -- is none (a genuinely unreachable warp).
+          if cutToward and cutToward(wx, wy) then
+            -- way opened; loop re-paths
+          else
+            return false
+          end
+        elseif not walk(key) then
+          U.wait(4)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  return ow().map.id ~= from
+end
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- cross-map travel
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- The route travels by HEAL POINT: segment 72 leaves the Pokémon Fan Club
+-- with `fieldMove dig`, and DIG warps to wLastBlackoutMap. A speedrun never
+-- heals at Vermilion, so the route can assume that lands in Cerulean; our
+-- survival systems visit any nurse the party is hurt in front of, so it
+-- does not. Those two facts cannot both stand, and suppressing the nurse
+-- is the wrong half to give up -- so travel to a named map instead of
+-- trusting where a warp happened to drop us.
+--
+-- Plans over map ADJACENCY -- connections and warps together -- because
+-- Vermilion -> Cerulean is ROUTE_6 -> UNDERGROUND_PATH_ROUTE_6 ->
+-- UNDERGROUND_PATH_NORTH_SOUTH -> UNDERGROUND_PATH_ROUTE_5 -> ROUTE_5 ->
+-- CERULEAN_CITY, whose middle is warps and whose ends are connections. A
+-- connection-only search cannot find it at all.
+
+local COMPASS_DIR = { north = "up", south = "down", west = "left", east = "right" }
+
+-- Walkability of an arbitrary map's cell, without loading it.
+--
+-- Mirrors Map:cellTile + Map:isWalkableCell (src/world/Map.lua) -- the
+-- bottom-left 8x8 tile of the cell, against the tileset's walkable list.
+-- We need this for maps we are NOT standing on, and MapLoader builds only
+-- the current one, so the lookup is reproduced here rather than shared.
+local function defWalkable(def, cx, cy)
+  local ts = G.data.tilesets and G.data.tilesets[def.tileset]
+  if not ts or not ts.blocks or not ts.walkable then return false end
+  local tx, ty = cx * 2, cy * 2 + 1
+  local bx, by = math.floor(tx / 4), math.floor(ty / 4)
+  local id
+  if bx < 0 or by < 0 or bx >= def.width or by >= def.height then
+    id = def.borderBlock
+  else
+    id = def.blocks[by * def.width + bx + 1]
+  end
+  local block = ts.blocks[(id or 0) + 1]
+  if not block then return false end
+  local tile = block[(ty % 4) * 4 + (tx % 4) + 1]
+  for _, w in ipairs(ts.walkable) do
+    if w == tile then return true end
+  end
+  return false
+end
+
+-- The border cells of `def` on `dir` whose opposite number across the seam
+-- is walkable too, nearest first once the caller sorts them.
+--
+-- crossConnection places you at destX = curX - offset*2 (clamped), so the
+-- pairing is exact and a seam with no walkable pair can never be crossed
+-- however hard we push at it. This is what keeps the search from planning
+-- Vermilion -> Saffron -> Cerulean through a walled city.
+local function seamCells(def, dir, conn)
+  local dest = G.data.maps and G.data.maps[conn.map]
+  if not dest then return {} end
+  local aW, aH = def.width * 2, def.height * 2
+  local bW, bH = dest.width * 2, dest.height * 2
+  local out = {}
+  if dir == "north" or dir == "south" then
+    local ay = (dir == "north") and 0 or aH - 1
+    local by = (dir == "north") and bH - 1 or 0
+    for x = 0, aW - 1 do
+      local dx = x - conn.offset * 2
+      if dx >= 0 and dx < bW
+         and defWalkable(def, x, ay) and defWalkable(dest, dx, by) then
+        out[#out + 1] = { x, ay }
+      end
+    end
+  else
+    local ax = (dir == "west") and 0 or aW - 1
+    local bx = (dir == "west") and bW - 1 or 0
+    for y = 0, aH - 1 do
+      local dy = y - conn.offset * 2
+      if dy >= 0 and dy < bH
+         and defWalkable(def, ax, y) and defWalkable(dest, bx, dy) then
+        out[#out + 1] = { ax, y }
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  return out
+end
+
+-- The collision tile of an arbitrary map's cell (for ledge matching),
+-- mirroring Map:cellTile without loading the map.
+local function defCellTile(def, cx, cy)
+  local ts = G.data.tilesets and G.data.tilesets[def.tileset]
+  if not ts or not ts.blocks then return nil end
+  local tx, ty = cx * 2, cy * 2 + 1
+  local bx, by = math.floor(tx / 4), math.floor(ty / 4)
+  local id
+  if bx < 0 or by < 0 or bx >= def.width or by >= def.height then
+    id = def.borderBlock
+  else
+    id = def.blocks[by * def.width + bx + 1]
+  end
+  local block = ts.blocks[(id or 0) + 1]
+  return block and block[(ty % 4) * 4 + (tx % 4) + 1]
+end
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- region-aware map graph
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- A plain map graph treats each map as ONE node, which is wrong for maps a
+-- gate building or a ledge splits into parts no single walk connects.
+-- ROUTE_16 is three such regions, SAFFRON's four routes each cross through
+-- a gate, ROUTE_8/11/12 are each cut in two. Planning over map nodes there
+-- makes travelTo try a connection it cannot reach from its current side,
+-- fail, and re-plan the long way -- which walked a Saffron trip back to
+-- ROUTE_9, half the map away.
+--
+-- So nodes are (map, REGION): a connected component of the map's walkable
+-- cells. Warps, connections and ledges connect specific regions, so a plan
+-- can only cross where the current side actually reaches.
+
+-- mapId -> { reg = {cellId -> regionIndex}, wc, n }. Flood-filled once.
+local REGION_CACHE = {}
+local function mapRegions(mapId)
+  if REGION_CACHE[mapId] then return REGION_CACHE[mapId] end
+  local def = G.data.maps[mapId]
+  local wc, hc = def.width * 2, def.height * 2
+  local reg, n = {}, 0
+  for y = 0, hc - 1 do
+    for x = 0, wc - 1 do
+      local id = y * wc + x
+      if defWalkable(def, x, y) and not reg[id] then
+        n = n + 1
+        reg[id] = n
+        local stack = { { x, y } }
+        while #stack > 0 do
+          local c = stack[#stack]; stack[#stack] = nil
+          for _, d in ipairs(DIRS) do
+            local nx, ny = c[1] + d[1], c[2] + d[2]
+            local nid = ny * wc + nx
+            if nx >= 0 and ny >= 0 and nx < wc and ny < hc
+               and defWalkable(def, nx, ny) and not reg[nid] then
+              reg[nid] = n
+              stack[#stack + 1] = { nx, ny }
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  local r = { reg = reg, wc = wc, n = n }
+  REGION_CACHE[mapId] = r
+  return r
+end
+
+local function cellRegionOf(mapId, x, y)
+  local r = mapRegions(mapId)
+  return r.reg[y * r.wc + x]
+end
+
+local function regionNode(mapId, reg) return mapId .. "#" .. tostring(reg) end
+
+-- The region graph: node -> list of edges, each carrying how to EXECUTE the
+-- crossing (a warp cell, a connection dir+seam, or a ledge hop).
+local REGION_GRAPH
+local function regionGraph()
+  if REGION_GRAPH then return REGION_GRAPH end
+  local maps = G.data.maps
+  local g, into = {}, {}
+  local function add(a, b, e) e.to = b; g[a] = g[a] or {}; g[a][#g[a] + 1] = e end
+  -- who warps into each map, for LAST_MAP resolution
+  for id, def in pairs(maps) do
+    for _, w in ipairs(def.warps or {}) do
+      if type(w.destMap) == "string" and w.destMap ~= "LAST_MAP" and maps[w.destMap] then
+        into[w.destMap] = into[w.destMap] or {}
+        into[w.destMap][id] = true
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  for id, def in pairs(maps) do
+    -- warps (concrete destination)
+    for _, w in ipairs(def.warps or {}) do
+      local d = w.destMap
+      local sr = cellRegionOf(id, w.x, w.y)
+      if d == "LAST_MAP" then
+        -- resolve against each map that feeds this one, at destWarp's cell
+        for src in pairs(into[id] or {}) do
+          local dw = maps[src].warps and maps[src].warps[w.destWarp]
+          local dr = dw and cellRegionOf(src, dw.x, dw.y)
+          if sr and dr then
+            add(regionNode(id, sr), regionNode(src, dr),
+                { warp = { x = w.x, y = w.y }, cost = 3, dynamic = true })
+          end
+        end
+      elseif type(d) == "string" and maps[d] then
+        local dw = maps[d].warps and maps[d].warps[w.destWarp]
+        local dr = dw and cellRegionOf(d, dw.x, dw.y)
+        if sr and dr then
+          local c = (id:find("ELEVATOR") or d:find("ELEVATOR")) and 50 or 1
+          add(regionNode(id, sr), regionNode(d, dr),
+              { warp = { x = w.x, y = w.y }, cost = c })
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    -- connections (seam pairs, grouped by region pair)
+    for dir, conn in pairs(def.connections or {}) do
+      if maps[conn.map] and COMPASS_DIR[dir] then
+        local cells = seamCells(def, dir, conn)
+        local dest = maps[conn.map]
+        local seen = {}
+        for _, c in ipairs(cells) do
+          local sr = cellRegionOf(id, c[1], c[2])
+          -- the paired cell on the far side
+          local bx, by
+          if dir == "north" then bx, by = c[1] - conn.offset * 2, dest.height * 2 - 1
+          elseif dir == "south" then bx, by = c[1] - conn.offset * 2, 0
+          elseif dir == "west" then bx, by = dest.width * 2 - 1, c[2] - conn.offset * 2
+          else bx, by = 0, c[2] - conn.offset * 2 end
+          local dr = cellRegionOf(conn.map, bx, by)
+          local k = tostring(sr) .. ">" .. tostring(dr)
+          if sr and dr and not seen[k] then
+            seen[k] = true
+            add(regionNode(id, sr), regionNode(conn.map, dr),
+                { dir = COMPASS_DIR[dir], cells = cells, cost = 1 })
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    -- ledge hops (one-way region connectors)
+    local wc, hc = def.width * 2, def.height * 2
+    for y = 0, hc - 1 do
+      for x = 0, wc - 1 do
+        if defWalkable(def, x, y) then
+          for _, d in ipairs(DIRS) do
+            local fx, fy = x + d[1], y + d[2]
+            if fx >= 0 and fy >= 0 and fx < wc and fy < hc then
+              local st, ft = defCellTile(def, x, y), defCellTile(def, fx, fy)
+              for _, ledge in ipairs(G.data.field.ledges or {}) do
+                if (ledge.tileset or "OVERWORLD") == def.tileset
+                   and ledge.facing == d[3] and ledge.input == d[3]
+                   and ledge.standingTile == st and ledge.ledgeTile == ft then
+                  local lx, ly = fx + d[1], fy + d[2]
+                  if lx >= 0 and ly >= 0 and lx < wc and ly < hc
+                     and defWalkable(def, lx, ly) then
+                    local sr, dr = cellRegionOf(id, x, y), cellRegionOf(id, lx, ly)
+                    if sr and dr and sr ~= dr then
+                      add(regionNode(id, sr), regionNode(id, dr),
+                          { ledge = { x = x, y = y, dir = d[3] }, cost = 1 })
+                    end
+                  end
+                end
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    -- Cut trees bridge regions. A cuttable tree is a wall in the static
+    -- tiles, so the flood fill splits the map at it -- but CUT opens it,
+    -- and the route relies on that: ROUTE_16 cuts a tree at ~(34,8) that
+    -- joins the Celadon-side strip to the east-top, the only walking link
+    -- between Route 16's two halves. Without this the fly-house pocket is a
+    -- dead end and the run dies there. Connect the regions on either side
+    -- of each cut tree, both ways, executed by walking onto the far cell
+    -- (ops.goto_ cuts the tree in the way).
+    local swaps = G.data.field.cutTreeSwaps or {}
+    local isCut = {}
+    for _, sw in ipairs(swaps) do isCut[sw.before] = true end
+    for y = 0, hc - 1 do
+      for x = 0, wc - 1 do
+        local block = defWalkable(def, x, y) and nil
+                      or (function()
+                            local bx, by = math.floor(x / 2), math.floor(y / 2)
+                            if bx < 0 or by < 0 or bx >= def.width or by >= def.height then
+                              return def.borderBlock
+                            end
+                            return def.blocks[by * def.width + bx + 1]
+                          end)()
+        if block and isCut[block] then
+          -- walkable orthogonal neighbours of the tree cell
+          local nbr = {}
+          for _, d in ipairs(DIRS) do
+            local nx, ny = x + d[1], y + d[2]
+            if nx >= 0 and ny >= 0 and nx < wc and ny < hc
+               and defWalkable(def, nx, ny) then
+              local r = cellRegionOf(id, nx, ny)
+              if r then nbr[#nbr + 1] = { x = nx, y = ny, r = r } end
+            end
+          end
+          for a = 1, #nbr do
+            for b = 1, #nbr do
+              if a ~= b and nbr[a].r ~= nbr[b].r then
+                add(regionNode(id, nbr[a].r), regionNode(id, nbr[b].r),
+                    { cut = { x = nbr[b].x, y = nbr[b].y }, cost = 2 })
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  REGION_GRAPH = g
+  return g
+end
+
+-- Cheapest region-path from the current position to any region of `dest`.
+-- Returns a list of edges (each with warp/dir/ledge execution info).
+local function planRegionRoute(fromNode, dest, banned)
+  local g = regionGraph()
+  local dist, prev = { [fromNode] = 0 }, {}
+  local settled = {}
+  local goal
+  while true do
+    local cur, best
+    for k, dv in pairs(dist) do
+      if not settled[k] and (best == nil or dv < best) then cur, best = k, dv end
+    end
+    if not cur then break end
+    if cur:match("^(.-)#") == dest then goal = cur; break end
+    settled[cur] = true
+    for _, e in ipairs(g[cur] or {}) do
+      local bk = cur .. "|" .. (e.warp and (e.warp.x .. "," .. e.warp.y)
+                 or e.ledge and ("L" .. e.ledge.x .. "," .. e.ledge.y)
+                 or e.cut and ("T" .. e.cut.x .. "," .. e.cut.y)
+                 or ("C" .. tostring(e.dir))) .. "|" .. e.to
+      if not (banned and banned[bk]) then
+        local nd = best + e.cost + seamCost(cur:match("^(.-)#"), e.to:match("^(.-)#"))
+        if dist[e.to] == nil or nd < dist[e.to] then
+          dist[e.to] = nd
+          prev[e.to] = { node = cur, edge = e, bk = bk }
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  if not goal then return nil end
+  local path, cur = {}, goal
+  while prev[cur] do
+    local p = prev[cur]
+    table.insert(path, 1, { edge = p.edge, bk = p.bk })
+    cur = p.node
+  end
+  return path
+end
+
+-- map id -> list of outgoing edges. Built once; the map data never changes.
+local MAP_GRAPH
+
+local function mapGraph()
+  if MAP_GRAPH then return MAP_GRAPH end
+  local maps = G.data.maps or {}
+  local g, into = {}, {}
+  for id, def in pairs(maps) do
+    g[id] = g[id] or {}
+    for _, w in ipairs(def.warps or {}) do
+      local d = w.destMap
+      if type(d) == "string" and d ~= "LAST_MAP" and maps[d] then
+        -- Elevators are costly, so travelTo prefers stairs. Walking into an
+        -- elevator is a bounce-trap for a plain warp cross: the car opens a
+        -- floor MENU and its default exit dumps you on the reciprocal warp,
+        -- oscillating ELEVATOR <-> floor. rideElevator drives the menu when
+        -- we are actually in the car, but travelTo must route AROUND the
+        -- elevator wherever stairs exist (all of Celadon Mart). Priced high
+        -- rather than deleted so a floor only the elevator can reach (Silph's
+        -- top) is still on the graph.
+        local elev = (id:find("ELEVATOR") or d:find("ELEVATOR")) and 50 or 1
+        g[id][#g[id] + 1] = { to = d, warp = w, cost = elev }
+        into[d] = into[d] or {}
+        into[d][id] = true
+      end
+    end
+    for dir, c in pairs(def.connections or {}) do
+      if maps[c.map] and COMPASS_DIR[dir] then
+        -- A seam with no walkable pair is map data that describes two
+        -- adjacent maps you cannot actually walk between. Keep the edge
+        -- but make it expensive rather than deleting it: a Cut tree or a
+        -- gate script can open one later, and a wrongly deleted edge is
+        -- an unreachable map, while a wrongly costly one is a detour.
+        local cells = seamCells(def, dir, c)
+        g[id][#g[id] + 1] = { to = c.map, dir = COMPASS_DIR[dir],
+                              cells = cells, cost = #cells > 0 and 1 or 8 }
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  -- A LAST_MAP warp goes back wherever we came IN from, which is not known
+  -- until we are standing there. For planning, the candidates are every map
+  -- that warps into this one; we re-plan after each hop, so guessing wrong
+  -- costs one replan rather than a wrong route. Priced above a concrete
+  -- edge so a known-destination hop always wins a tie.
+  for id, def in pairs(maps) do
+    for _, w in ipairs(def.warps or {}) do
+      if w.destMap == "LAST_MAP" then
+        for src in pairs(into[id] or {}) do
+          g[id][#g[id] + 1] = { to = src, warp = w, dynamic = true, cost = 3 }
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  MAP_GRAPH = g
+  return g
+end
+
+-- Cheapest hop list from `from` to `to`, or nil. `banned` is a set of
+-- seamKeys this trip has already proved useless.
+local function planMapRoute(from, to, banned)
+  local g = mapGraph()
+  if from == to then return {} end
+  local dist, prev = { [from] = 0 }, {}
+  -- Dijkstra over a handful of hundreds of nodes: a linear scan for the
+  -- nearest unsettled node is far cheaper than the heap it would replace.
+  local settled = {}
+  while true do
+    local cur, best
+    for id, d in pairs(dist) do
+      if not settled[id] and (best == nil or d < best) then cur, best = id, d end
+    end
+    if not cur or cur == to then break end
+    settled[cur] = true
+    for _, e in ipairs(g[cur] or {}) do
+      local k = edgeId(cur, e)
+      -- `banned` is per-TRIP and per-WARP (see edgeId): within one travelTo
+      -- a specific warp that just looped us back must not be re-planned, but
+      -- its siblings across the same seam stay available. Across trips the
+      -- memory only makes a seam dearer -- see seamCost.
+      if not (banned and banned[k]) then
+        local nd = best + e.cost + seamCost(cur, e.to)
+        if dist[e.to] == nil or nd < dist[e.to] then
+          dist[e.to] = nd
+          prev[e.to] = { map = cur, edge = e }
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  if not prev[to] then return nil end
+  local path, cur = {}, to
+  while prev[cur] do
+    table.insert(path, 1, prev[cur].edge)
+    cur = prev[cur].map
+  end
+  return path
+end
+
+-- Walk off the map edge in `dir`, taking the connection. Returns true if
+-- the map changed.
+local function crossSeam(edge)
+  local m = ow().map
+  local p = ow().player
+  local from = m.id
+  local W, H = m.widthCells, m.heightCells
+  -- Prefer a border cell whose far side is walkable; fall back to any
+  -- walkable border cell when the seam data gave us none, so a connection
+  -- we mispriced can still be tried.
+  local cands = {}
+  for _, c in ipairs(edge.cells or {}) do cands[#cands + 1] = { c[1], c[2] } end
+  if #cands == 0 then
+    if edge.dir == "up" or edge.dir == "down" then
+      local by = (edge.dir == "up") and 0 or H - 1
+      for x = 0, W - 1 do
+        if m:isWalkableCell(x, by) then cands[#cands + 1] = { x, by } end
+      end
+    else
+      local bx = (edge.dir == "left") and 0 or W - 1
+      for y = 0, H - 1 do
+        if m:isWalkableCell(bx, y) then cands[#cands + 1] = { bx, y } end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  table.sort(cands, function(a, b)
+    return math.abs(a[1] - p.cellX) + math.abs(a[2] - p.cellY)
+         < math.abs(b[1] - p.cellX) + math.abs(b[2] - p.cellY)
+  end)
+  -- Out-of-bounds coordinates are ops.goto_'s "leave through this edge"
+  -- idiom: it clamps back to the border cell, paths there, then holds the
+  -- direction across the seam.
+  --
+  -- Several candidates, because a single one makes crossing flaky: BFS
+  -- treats an NPC as a wall, and Vermilion's seam cells sit among six
+  -- wandering sprites, so the same crossing succeeded and failed within one
+  -- session depending on where they had drifted. Trying more of the seam
+  -- costs a little walking and removes most of that.
+  for k = 1, math.min(#cands, 8) do
+    local cx, cy = cands[k][1], cands[k][2]
+    local ox = (edge.dir == "left" and -1) or (edge.dir == "right" and W) or cx
+    local oy = (edge.dir == "up" and -1) or (edge.dir == "down" and H) or cy
+    ops.goto_({ x = ox, y = oy })
+    if ow().map.id ~= from then return true end
+  end
+  return false
+end
+
+-- How many hops a trip may take. The longest legitimate one in the route
+-- (Vermilion -> Cerulean underground) is six; the cap only exists so a
+-- pair of seams that each bounce us back cannot loop forever.
+-- Generous: a gate can cost several wrong-door tries before the right one
+-- (Route 16 has eight warps to sift), and each is one hop. The cap only
+-- exists so a genuinely impossible trip cannot spin forever.
+local MAX_TRAVEL_HOPS = 90
+-- Distinct maps a single travelTo may touch before it is declared lost.
+-- The fly-replacement town-to-town trips are long -- ROUTE_16 -> LAVENDER
+-- runs Celadon, Route 7, Saffron, Route 8, and the two gates that split
+-- Route 16 and Route 11 each add a couple of sub-maps to sift. The old cap
+-- of 12 cut those off and stranded the fly, then it wandered. It can be
+-- this loose safely now that GRINDING no longer travels (grindALevel does a
+-- single crossSeam), which was the only case that wandered map-wide.
+local MAX_TRAVEL_MAPS = 30
+-- Times one cell may be looped back onto before travelTo gives up entirely.
+local MAX_TRAVEL_REVISITS = 8
+-- Times a connection may fail to cross before travelTo bans it for the trip.
+-- One miss is common (an NPC on the seam, an odd DIG landing); a persistent
+-- miss means it is genuinely shut from here.
+local CONNECTION_CROSS_TRIES = 3
+
+-- Execute one graph hop -- a warp, a connection cross, or a ledge hop --
+-- the same way for a region edge or a map edge.
+local function doHop(edge)
+  if edge.warp then
+    walkOntoWarp(edge.warp.x, edge.warp.y)
+  elseif edge.ledge then
+    -- one-way ledge: stand on the cell and hold the direction; the engine
+    -- does the two-cell jump (walk() waits out its hop frames)
+    ops.goto_({ x = edge.ledge.x, y = edge.ledge.y })
+    faceDir(edge.ledge.dir)
+    walk(edge.ledge.dir)
+  elseif edge.cut then
+    -- cross a cut tree: walk onto the far-side cell. ops.goto_ cuts a tree
+    -- walling off the target on its own (cutToward), then walks through.
+    ops.goto_({ x = edge.cut.x, y = edge.cut.y })
+  else
+    crossSeam({ dir = edge.dir, cells = edge.cells })
+  end
+end
+
+-- Walk the map graph to `dest`, independent of the heal point.
+--
+-- Plans over the REGION graph (a gate-split map is several nodes), so it can
+-- only propose a crossing the current side actually reaches -- no more
+-- trying a Saffron exit from the wrong region and wandering off. Falls back
+-- to the plain map graph when the player's cell has no region (an odd warp
+-- tile), so the older behaviour is still there as a net.
+local function travelTo(dest, where)
+  if not (G.data.maps and G.data.maps[dest]) then
+    say(("travelTo: no such map %s"):format(tostring(dest)))
+    return false
+  end
+  local banned = {}
+  local start = ow().map.id
+  local function posKey()
+    local p = ow().player
+    return ("%s:%d:%d"):format(ow().map.id, p.cellX, p.cellY)
+  end
+  local visited = { [posKey()] = true }
+  local revisits = {} -- cell -> times looped back onto it
+  -- Safety leash: even with region planning, a genuinely unreachable dest
+  -- (waiting on Surf, a badge) must not spin forever.
+  local mapsSeen, mapCount = { [start] = true }, 1
+  -- The region planner routes gate-split maps correctly (Saffron, Route 11)
+  -- but a few gates -- Route 16's two-level LAST_MAP maze -- have edge-warp
+  -- crossings walkOntoWarp cannot execute, where the older map planner's
+  -- crossSeam / reEnterThroughGate could. So after this many region hops in
+  -- a row fail to move, drop to the map planner for the rest of the trip:
+  -- region planning where it helps, the proven map planner as the floor, so
+  -- this never leaves the run worse than the map-only baseline.
+  local REGION_FAIL_LIMIT = 3
+  local regionFails, useMap = 0, false
+  for _ = 1, MAX_TRAVEL_HOPS do
+    local here = ow().map.id
+    if not mapsSeen[here] then
+      mapsSeen[here] = true
+      mapCount = mapCount + 1
+      if mapCount > MAX_TRAVEL_MAPS then
+        say(("travelTo %s: wandered across %d maps without arriving (on %s) "
+             .. "-- giving up"):format(tostring(dest), mapCount, here))
+        note("travelTo: wandered too far to " .. tostring(dest), where)
+        return false
+      end
+    end
+    if here == dest then
+      if here ~= start then
+        say(("travelled %s -> %s"):format(tostring(start), tostring(dest)))
+      end
+      return true
+    end
+
+    -- Region-aware plan first (unless we have fallen back); map-level plan
+    -- as the fallback.
+    local p = ow().player
+    local reg = not useMap and cellRegionOf(here, p.cellX, p.cellY)
+    local hop, banKey, fromRegion
+    if reg then
+      local rp = planRegionRoute(regionNode(here, reg), dest, banned)
+      if rp and #rp > 0 then hop, banKey, fromRegion = rp[1].edge, rp[1].bk, true end
+    end
+    if not hop then
+      local mp = planMapRoute(here, dest, banned)
+      if mp and #mp > 0 then
+        hop = mp[1]
+        banKey = here .. "|map|" .. edgeId(here, mp[1])
+      end
+    end
+    if not hop then
+      say(("travelTo %s: no way there from %s"):format(tostring(dest), tostring(here)))
+      note("travelTo: no route to " .. tostring(dest), where)
+      return false
+    end
+
+    local hopDesc = hop.warp and ("warp@" .. hop.warp.x .. "," .. hop.warp.y)
+                    or hop.ledge and ("ledge@" .. hop.ledge.x .. "," .. hop.ledge.y)
+                    or hop.cut and ("cut@" .. hop.cut.x .. "," .. hop.cut.y)
+                    or ("cross " .. tostring(hop.dir))
+    if os.getenv("POKEPORT_TRAVEL_DEBUG") then
+      local wr = hop.warp and cellRegionOf(here, hop.warp.x, hop.warp.y)
+      say(("[travel] at %s (%d,%d) reg=%s useMap=%s -> %s (warpReg=%s)")
+          :format(here, p.cellX, p.cellY, tostring(reg), tostring(useMap),
+                  hopDesc, tostring(wr)))
+      if reg and not travelDumped then
+        travelDumped = true
+        local nodeKey = regionNode(here, reg)
+        local g = regionGraph()
+        local seen, q, h = { [nodeKey] = true }, { nodeKey }, 1
+        local reachMaps = {}
+        while h <= #q do
+          local cur = q[h]; h = h + 1
+          reachMaps[cur:match("^(.-)#")] = true
+          for _, e in ipairs(g[cur] or {}) do
+            if not seen[e.to] then seen[e.to] = true; q[#q + 1] = e.to end
+          end
+        end
+        say(("   [reach] from %s: CELADON=%s LAVENDER=%s POKEMON_TOWER_6F=%s "
+             .. "SAFFRON=%s"):format(nodeKey,
+             tostring(reachMaps.CELADON_CITY ~= nil),
+             tostring(reachMaps.LAVENDER_TOWN ~= nil),
+             tostring(reachMaps.POKEMON_TOWER_6F ~= nil),
+             tostring(reachMaps.SAFFRON_CITY ~= nil)))
+      end
+    end
+    local before = posKey()
+    doHop(hop)
+    local pk = posKey()
+    if pk == before then
+      -- did not move at all: this hop is shut from here, ban and re-plan
+      banned[banKey] = true
+      if fromRegion then
+        regionFails = regionFails + 1
+        if regionFails >= REGION_FAIL_LIMIT and not useMap then
+          useMap = true
+          banned = {} -- the map planner has its own edge keys; start clean
+          say(("travelTo %s: region hops keep failing on %s -- switching to "
+               .. "the map planner"):format(tostring(dest), here))
+        end
+      end
+      say(("travelTo %s: %s (%s) did not move; re-planning")
+          :format(tostring(dest), here, hopDesc))
+    elseif visited[pk] then
+      -- looped back onto a cell we already stood on: ban the hop that did it
+      banned[banKey] = true
+      -- A loop counts against the region planner too, or a connection that
+      -- crossSeam keeps landing on the same border cell (Pewter -> Route 3
+      -- from an awkward spot a grind left us in) spins forever without ever
+      -- reaching the "did not move" branch that triggers the fallback.
+      if fromRegion then
+        regionFails = regionFails + 1
+        if regionFails >= REGION_FAIL_LIMIT and not useMap then
+          useMap = true
+          banned = {}
+          say(("travelTo %s: region hops keep looping on %s -- switching to "
+               .. "the map planner"):format(tostring(dest), here))
+        end
+      end
+      -- Hard anti-livelock: the same cell revisited far too many times means
+      -- neither planner is getting anywhere. Give up rather than spin.
+      revisits[pk] = (revisits[pk] or 0) + 1
+      if revisits[pk] > MAX_TRAVEL_REVISITS then
+        say(("travelTo %s: stuck revisiting %s -- giving up")
+            :format(tostring(dest), pk))
+        note("travelTo: livelocked reaching " .. tostring(dest), where)
+        return false
+      end
+      say(("travelTo %s: looped back to %s; trying another way")
+          :format(tostring(dest), pk))
+    else
+      -- genuine progress: a region hop that worked resets the fail streak
+      if fromRegion then regionFails = 0 end
+      visited[pk] = true
+    end
+    visited._last = pk
+  end
+  say(("travelTo %s: gave up after %d hops, on %s")
+      :format(tostring(dest), MAX_TRAVEL_HOPS, ow().map.id))
+  note("travelTo: too many hops to " .. tostring(dest), where)
+  return ow().map.id == dest
+end
+
+-- Reach a warp cell by ARRIVING through it rather than walking to it.
+--
+-- A dungeon floor is not one connected room, and the route crosses between
+-- its pockets by going up or down and back. MT_MOON_B1F is the case that
+-- forced this: it is four pockets joined only through B2F and 1F, so from
+-- warp 5 at (21,17) there is no path at all to warp 7 at (23,3) -- the
+-- unreachable log named it exactly, "npcs: none", because nothing was in
+-- the way; there is simply no floor between them.
+--
+-- Warps are two-ended and the data says which end is which, so this is
+-- exact rather than a search: MT_MOON_B2F's warp 4 at (5,7) declares
+-- destWarp 7 into MT_MOON_B1F, and taking it lands us ON (23,3). Find the
+-- far end, travel to that map, step through, and we arrive at the target
+-- instead of failing to walk to it.
+-- Cells we can currently walk to, NPCs counted as walls exactly as
+-- bfsNextKey sees them. Shared by the "walled off" recoveries below.
+local function reachableSet()
+  local m, p = ow().map, ow().player
+  local W, H = m.widthCells, m.heightCells
+  local blocked = {}
+  -- only this map's NPCs; see bfsNextKey for why a foreign one is poison
+  for _, npc in ipairs(ow().npcs) do
+    if npc.cellX >= 0 and npc.cellY >= 0 and npc.cellX < W and npc.cellY < H then
+      blocked[npc.cellY * W + npc.cellX] = true
+    end
+  end
+  local seen = { [p.cellY * W + p.cellX] = true }
+  local q, head = { { p.cellX, p.cellY } }, 1
+  while head <= #q do
+    local c = q[head]; head = head + 1
+    for _, d in ipairs(DIRS) do
+      local nx, ny = c[1] + d[1], c[2] + d[2]
+      local id = ny * W + nx
+      if nx >= 0 and ny >= 0 and nx < W and ny < H and not seen[id]
+         and not blocked[id] and passableCell(m, nx, ny) then
+        seen[id] = true
+        q[#q + 1] = { nx, ny }
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  return seen, W
+end
+
+-- Reach another region of THIS map by going through a gate and out its far
+-- door.
+--
+-- The case arriveByWarp cannot take. ROUTE_16 is split in two by the gate
+-- building at x 18-23: west (x<=17) holds the FLY house, east (x>=24) leads
+-- to CELADON_CITY, and row 10 is the only crossing --
+-- (17,10) -> ROUTE_16_GATE_1F -> (24,10). Both sides are the SAME map, so
+-- travelTo thinks we have arrived; and every one of the gate's warps is
+-- LAST_MAP with no destWarp, so arriveByWarp has no far end to aim at.
+-- The result was a bot sealed in the western pocket reporting
+-- "ROUTE_16 -> CELADON_CITY did not cross" until it ran out of rewinds.
+--
+-- So: step into a gate we CAN reach, then come back out through a door we
+-- did not use, and see whether the target is reachable now.
+local goingThroughGate = false
+
+function reEnterThroughGate(tx, ty)
+  if goingThroughGate then return false end
+  local hereId = ow().map.id
+  local seen, W = reachableSet()
+  if seen[ty * W + tx] then return false end -- not a region problem
+  -- Doors we can walk to that lead INTO a named sub-map, nearest first.
+  --
+  -- The destMap filter is a safety rail, and it was learned the hard way.
+  -- Without it this entered ANY reachable warp -- including a building's
+  -- own LAST_MAP exit -- so an ordinary unreachable waypoint (a Vermilion
+  -- Gym trash can the puzzle had walled off for the moment) sent the bot
+  -- WALKING OUT OF THE GYM and back in, over and over, until the process
+  -- hung and was killed. A real gate crossing goes through a named map
+  -- (ROUTE_16 -> ROUTE_16_GATE_1F); a LAST_MAP door just dumps us outside
+  -- the current area, which is never the way to another region OF THIS map.
+  local doors = {}
+  for i, w in ipairs(ow().map.def.warps or {}) do
+    if seen[w.y * W + w.x] and type(w.destMap) == "string"
+       and w.destMap ~= "LAST_MAP" and G.data.maps[w.destMap] then
+      doors[#doors + 1] = { idx = i, warp = w }
+    end
+  end
+  local p = ow().player
+  table.sort(doors, function(a, b)
+    return math.abs(a.warp.x - p.cellX) + math.abs(a.warp.y - p.cellY)
+         < math.abs(b.warp.x - p.cellX) + math.abs(b.warp.y - p.cellY)
+  end)
+  goingThroughGate = true
+  local ok = false
+  for k = 1, math.min(#doors, 3) do
+    local door = doors[k]
+    if not walkOntoWarp(door.warp.x, door.warp.y) then break end
+    local inner = ow().map.id
+    -- try the inner map's other exits back to where we came from
+    local tried = 0
+    for _, w2 in ipairs(ow().map.def.warps or {}) do
+      local back = w2.destMap
+      if (back == hereId or back == "LAST_MAP")
+         and not (w2.x == ow().player.cellX and w2.y == ow().player.cellY) then
+        tried = tried + 1
+        if tried > 4 then break end
+        if walkOntoWarp(w2.x, w2.y) and ow().map.id == hereId then
+          local seen2, W2 = reachableSet()
+          if seen2[ty * W2 + tx] then
+            say(("crossed %s via %s and came out the far side; (%d,%d) is "
+                 .. "reachable now"):format(hereId, tostring(inner), tx, ty))
+            ok = true
+            break
+          end
+          -- wrong side: go back in and try another door
+          if not walkOntoWarp(door.warp.x, door.warp.y) then break end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    if ok then break end
+    -- make sure we are back on the map we started from before trying again
+    if ow().map.id ~= hereId then
+      local out = findWarpTo(hereId) or findWarpTo("LAST_MAP") or findWarpTo("")
+      if out then walkOntoWarp(out.x, out.y) end
+    end
+  end
+  goingThroughGate = false
+  return ok
+end
+
+local arrivingByWarp = false
+
+function arriveByWarp(tx, ty)
+  if arrivingByWarp then return false end
+  local m = ow().map
+  local hereId = m.id
+  local w = m.warpAtCell and m:warpAtCell(tx, ty)
+  if not w then return false end
+  local idx = w.index
+  -- every (map, warp) pair whose far end is this exact warp
+  local cands = {}
+  for mapId, def in pairs(G.data.maps or {}) do
+    for _, other in ipairs(def.warps or {}) do
+      if other.destMap == hereId and other.destWarp == idx then
+        cands[#cands + 1] = { map = mapId, warp = other }
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  if #cands == 0 then return false end
+  arrivingByWarp = true
+  local ok = false
+  for k = 1, math.min(#cands, 3) do
+    local c = cands[k]
+    say(("goto (%d,%d) has no floor leading to it on %s; arriving through "
+         .. "%s's warp at (%d,%d) instead")
+        :format(tx, ty, hereId, c.map, c.warp.x, c.warp.y))
+    if travelTo(c.map, hereId) then
+      walkOntoWarp(c.warp.x, c.warp.y)
+      local p = ow().player
+      if ow().map.id == hereId and p.cellX == tx and p.cellY == ty then
+        ok = true
+        break
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  arrivingByWarp = false
+  if ok then say(("arrived at (%d,%d) on %s"):format(tx, ty, hereId)) end
+  return ok
+end
+
+-- Talk to the nurse and accept, mirroring tests/drivers/heal_test.lua:
+-- welcome text -> ChoiceBox -> YES -> machine animation -> farewell.
+local function talkToNurse(where)
+  local nurse = findObject("_NURSE")
+  if not nurse then
+    note("center: no nurse", where)
+    say(("center on %s: no nurse object on %s"):format(
+        tostring(where), tostring(ow().map.id)))
+    return false
+  end
+  -- her counter sits between you and her, so she is talked to from two
+  -- tiles below facing up (heal_test stands at (3,3) for a nurse at (3,1))
+  if not ops.goto_({ x = nurse.x, y = nurse.y + 2 }) then
+    note("center: cannot reach the counter", where)
+    say(("center on %s: could not reach the counter at (%d,%d)"):format(
+        tostring(where), nurse.x, nurse.y + 2))
+    return false
+  end
+  faceDir("up")
+  press("a")
+  U.wait(10)
+  -- accept the prompt; ChoiceBox defaults to YES at index 1. Mashing A is
+  -- safe in here -- unlike a shop, no screen in a Poké Center spends money.
+  for _ = 1, 60 do
+    if isChoice() then
+      cursorTo("index", 1)
+      press("a")
+      break
+    end
+    if idle() then break end
+    press("a")
+    U.wait(5)
+  end
+  -- busy() already covers ow.healAnim, so idle() waits out the machine
+  for _ = 1, 200 do
+    if idle() then break end
+    U.wait(6)
+  end
+  return mashUntilIdle()
+end
+
+local function totalHP()
+  local t = 0
+  for _, mon in ipairs(party()) do t = t + (mon.hp or 0) end
+  return t
+end
+
+-- Leave the route, heal, and come back to the tile we left from.
+-- Returns true only if HP actually went up: talkToNurse ends in
+-- mashUntilIdle, which reports success for *reaching the overworld again*,
+-- not for healing. Trusting that is what made the bot walk into the centre,
+-- out again and straight back in on every following segment.
+-- `forHealPoint` visits for the RESPAWN, not the HP.
+--
+-- talkToNurse writes wLastBlackoutMap (SetLastBlackoutMap), and that is
+-- worth a detour on its own: without it the heal point stays wherever it
+-- last happened to be, and a gym loss respawns a town behind. Judging the
+-- visit by whether HP rose is exactly wrong here -- we go in healthy on
+-- purpose -- so a heal-point visit is never counted as a failure and never
+-- triggers the "nurse healed nothing" backoff.
+local function visitPokeCenter(where, forHealPoint)
+  local fromMap = ow().map.id
+  local door = findWarpTo("POKECENTER")
+  if not door then return false end -- no centre on this map
+  local before = totalHP()
+  if not walkOntoWarp(door.x, door.y) then
+    note("center: could not get in", where)
+    say(("center on %s: could not walk onto the door at (%d,%d)"):format(
+        tostring(where), door.x, door.y))
+    return false
+  end
+  talkToNurse(where)
+  local healed = totalHP() > before
+  -- The whole point of a forHealPoint visit is the nurse WRITING the
+  -- respawn (SetLastBlackoutMap). Silence here is what hid the Route 10
+  -- anchor failing on every pass: the log said "re-anchoring at ROUTE_10"
+  -- while wipes kept waking in CERULEAN, because the talk never happened
+  -- and nothing said so.
+  local centreMap = ow().map.id
+  if forHealPoint and not (G.save.lastHeal and G.save.lastHeal.map == centreMap) then
+    say(("center on %s: nurse did NOT take the heal point (still %s)")
+        :format(tostring(where),
+                tostring(G.save.lastHeal and G.save.lastHeal.map)))
+  end
+  if forHealPoint then healed = true end
+  if not healed then note("center: nurse restored nothing", where) end
+  -- the centre's exit warps both lead to LAST_MAP
+  local out = findWarpTo("LAST_MAP") or findWarpTo("")
+  if out then walkOntoWarp(out.x, out.y) end
+  if ow().map.id ~= fromMap then
+    note("center: did not get back to " .. fromMap, where)
+  end
+  -- Deliberately NOT walking back to where we stood before healing.
+  --
+  -- Every route step is an absolute goto, so the segment re-paths from
+  -- wherever we are and the backtrack buys nothing. It costs plenty: the
+  -- saved tile is wherever the previous segment happened to stop, and when
+  -- that is the edge of the map -- Viridian's southern row, if we had just
+  -- walked up from Route 1 -- "returning" marches back down to the seam and
+  -- slips into the next map, desyncing the run for good.
+  return healed
+end
+
+-- Whether a fight is worth staying in: true if the bag holds something that
+-- restores HP, or the map we are standing on has a centre to walk back to.
+-- Read mid-battle by lowOnHP, which is why it is only assigned here.
+canRestoreHP = function()
+  for _, id in ipairs(HP_ITEMS) do
+    if heldCount(id) then return true end
+  end
+  return findWarpTo("POKECENTER") ~= nil
+end
+
+-- Top up between segments, independently of the route's own heal steps.
+--
+-- PokeBotBad asks for a heal exactly where a speedrun needs one, and it
+-- assumes levels we do not reach. Left to the route's heal steps alone the
+-- party grinds down over a couple of maps and blacks out -- which is how
+-- the first runs ended, every time in Viridian Forest.
+-- Two thresholds again, for the same reason the flee guard has two: a
+-- potion is scarce, a nurse is free. Spend an item only once a mon is
+-- clearly hurt, but never walk out of a town with a centre less than full
+-- -- the stretch that keeps killing us (Viridian Forest into Route 2) has
+-- no centre anywhere along it, so whatever we leave Viridian with is all
+-- we get.
+local AUTO_HEAL_AT = 0.5      -- worth spending an item on
+local CENTER_TOP_UP_AT = 0.95 -- worth walking to a free nurse for
+
+-- segments to wait before trying another nurse, after one healed nothing
+local centerCooldown = 0
+
+-- The town whose Poké Center last wrote the heal point. A blackout sends us
+-- to wLastBlackoutMap, so when this falls behind the route the respawn is
+-- somewhere we finished with, and every death replays the walk back.
+local healAnchor
+
+-- worst HP fraction in the party, and the slot holding it
+local function worstFraction()
+  local slot = mostHurt()
+  if not slot then return 1, nil end
+  local mon = party()[slot]
+  local max = mon.stats and mon.stats.hp or 0
+  if max <= 0 then return 1, nil end
+  return mon.hp / max, slot
+end
+
+-- How healthy we insist on being before walking into a map's fights.
+--
+-- This is the "how likely is the next trainer to kill me" judgement, made
+-- from what we can actually see up front (we do not know the enemy until
+-- the battle opens): how much of the party is still standing, and how
+-- often this map has killed us before.
+function riskThreshold(mapId)
+  local usable = 0
+  for _, mon in ipairs(party()) do
+    if (mon.hp or 0) > 0 then usable = usable + 1 end
+  end
+  local need = AUTO_HEAL_AT
+  -- a one-mon party has no second chance: a single bad matchup ends the
+  -- run outright, so demand real headroom rather than half a bar
+  if usable <= 1 then need = math.max(need, 0.8) end
+  -- and every death here buys more caution, up to "arrive essentially full"
+  local d = dangerAt(mapId)
+  if d > 0 then need = math.min(0.95, need + 0.15 * math.min(d, 3)) end
+  return need
+end
+
+-- `allowCenter` gates the Poké Center detour, and only the segment-boundary
+-- call passes it.
+--
+-- A centre visit WARPS us -- it is not a walk we can undo -- and a map can be
+-- split into regions a walk cannot cross. Cerulean is exactly that: a fence
+-- divides it and the only ways through are two pass-through houses. Healing
+-- part-way through the segment that crosses to the east half teleported the
+-- bot back to the centre in the west half, where every remaining waypoint was
+-- unreachable and the attempt died in a run of skips. Mid-segment healing is
+-- items only; the nurse is a between-segments decision.
+function autoHeal(where, need, allowCenter)
+  if not idle() then return end
+  need = need or AUTO_HEAL_AT
+  local frac = worstFraction()
+
+  -- the nurse is free and heals the whole party, so top up on the way past
+  -- rather than waiting for anything to get dangerous
+  if allowCenter and frac < math.max(need, CENTER_TOP_UP_AT) and centerCooldown <= 0
+     and findWarpTo("POKECENTER") then
+    if visitPokeCenter(where) then return end
+    -- The walk there put no HP back. Retrying it next segment is how the
+    -- bot ends up marching in and out of the same door forever, so stand
+    -- down for a while and fall through to items instead.
+    centerCooldown = 12
+    say("nurse healed nothing on " .. tostring(where)
+        .. "; not walking back for 12 segments")
+  end
+
+  if frac >= need then return end
+  -- several passes: one potion rarely tops up a badly hurt mon, and a
+  -- multi-mon party can have more than one below the line
+  for _ = 1, 6 do
+    local f, slot = worstFraction()
+    if not slot or f >= need then return end
+    local before = party()[slot].hp
+    ops.heal({}, where)
+    -- ops.heal reports "no HP item" by noting and returning true, so stop
+    -- on anything that did not actually raise HP rather than spinning
+    local after = party()[slot] and party()[slot].hp or 0
+    if after <= before then return end
+  end
+end
+
+-- Menu-driven ops still to implement. Each is a real menu interaction
+-- (bag, party, PC) rather than something the route can express, so they
+-- are stubbed loudly instead of guessed at.
+-- The route names moves in its own vocabulary; these are the items that
+-- teach them. Anything missing falls through to the stub and is logged.
+local TEACH_ITEMS = {
+  cut = "HM_CUT", fly = "HM_FLY", surf = "HM_SURF",
+  strength = "HM_STRENGTH", flash = "HM_FLASH",
+  -- NB: no `thrash`. Gen 1 has no Thrash TM -- the route's five `teach
+  -- thrash` steps on Route 24 are accepting a LEVEL-UP learn prompt, which
+  -- mashUntilIdle already answers with A. Left unmapped on purpose.
+  dig = "TM_DIG", bubblebeam = "TM_BUBBLEBEAM", earthquake = "TM_EARTHQUAKE",
+  thunderbolt = "TM_THUNDERBOLT", horn_drill = "TM_HORN_DRILL",
+  rock_slide = "TM_ROCK_SLIDE", ice_beam = "TM_ICE_BEAM",
+  mega_punch = "TM_MEGA_PUNCH", mega_kick = "TM_MEGA_KICK",
+}
+
+-- Party slot of the first species in `prefs` that we actually own. The route
+-- lists alternatives ({"oddish","paras"}) because which one it caught varies.
+local function slotForSpecies(prefs)
+  if type(prefs) == "string" then prefs = { prefs } end
+  local roster = party()
+  for _, want in ipairs(prefs or {}) do
+    local target = tostring(want):upper()
+    for i, mon in ipairs(roster) do
+      if tostring(mon.species):upper() == target then return i end
+    end
+  end
+  return nil
+end
+
+local function slotKnowing(moveId)
+  for i, mon in ipairs(party()) do
+    for _, mv in ipairs(mon.moves or {}) do
+      if tostring(mv.id):upper() == moveId then return i end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+-- Teach an HM/TM. Same bag walk as a healing item: the party menu at the end
+-- picks who learns it.
+function ops.teach(s, where)
+  local key = tostring(s.move or ""):lower()
+  local item = TEACH_ITEMS[key]
+  if not item then note("teach:" .. key, where) return true end
+  if (heldCount(item) or 0) <= 0 then
+    note("teach: no " .. item, where)
+    say(("teach %s: no %s in the bag"):format(key, item))
+    return false
+  end
+  -- Who can actually learn it. The route names a species (its TMs are aimed
+  -- at the Nidoking it assumes we evolved), and when that mon is not in the
+  -- party the old fallback was "slot 1" -- which handed THUNDERBOLT to a
+  -- WARTORTLE, whose tmhm list does not contain it, so the TM was spent for
+  -- nothing and the log blamed the teach. Compatibility is data we already
+  -- have; consult it rather than guessing.
+  local function canLearn(mon)
+    local sp = mon and G.data.pokemon[mon.species]
+    for _, m in ipairs(sp and sp.tmhm or {}) do
+      if m == key:upper() then return true end
+    end
+    return false
+  end
+  local slot = slotForSpecies(s.mon)
+  if slot and not canLearn(party()[slot]) then slot = nil end
+  if not slot then
+    for i, mon in ipairs(party()) do
+      if canLearn(mon) then slot = i break end
+    end
+  end
+  if not slot then
+    note("teach: nobody can learn " .. key, where)
+    say(("teach %s: nobody in the party can learn it"):format(key))
+    return false
+  end
+  local who = party()[slot]
+  say(("teaching %s to %s (slot %d)"):format(key,
+      tostring(who and who.species or "?"), slot))
+  local ok = useItemOn(item, slot, where)
+  -- A full moveset opens MoveLearnMenu, which useItemOn just mashes A
+  -- through -- so the TM is consumed and nothing is learned. That is how
+  -- DIG silently failed on a level-30 WARTORTLE, and DIG is the route's
+  -- ride back to Cerulean, so the run then had nowhere to go.
+  --
+  -- `index` past the last move means "give up"; rows 1..4 forget that move.
+  -- We drop slot 1, which for the route's targets is the starter's weakest
+  -- filler rather than anything it fights with.
+  -- Drive the full-moveset flow.
+  --
+  -- MoveLearnMenu is NOT on top when it appears. Screens.push puts it on
+  -- the stack and its :enter() immediately pushes a TextBox ("... is trying
+  -- to learn ... Delete an older move?") which in turn pushes a ChoiceBox
+  -- (src/ui/MoveLearnMenu.lua:34-50). So `top()` is a TextBox, the old
+  -- `top().newMoveId` test never matched, and the forget flow never ran --
+  -- the TM was consumed and nothing was learned. That is why a level-30
+  -- WARTORTLE, whose tmhm list DOES contain DIG and BUBBLEBEAM (verified
+  -- against pokered's base_stats/wartortle.asm -- our data is right), kept
+  -- reporting "did NOT learn it", which took DIG away from the run.
+  local function learnMenu()
+    for _, st in ipairs(G.stack.states or {}) do
+      if st.newMoveId and st.mon and st.index then return st end
+    end
+  end
+  if waitFor(learnMenu, 30) then
+    for _ = 1, 60 do
+      local menu = learnMenu()
+      if not menu then break end
+      local t = top()
+      if t == menu then
+        -- the move list itself: forget slot 1, the starter's weakest filler
+        if not cursorTo("index", 1) then break end
+        press("a")
+        U.wait(10)
+      elseif isChoice() then
+        cursorTo("index", 1) -- YES, delete a move
+        press("a")
+        U.wait(8)
+      else
+        press("a") -- text box
+        U.wait(6)
+      end
+    end
+    mashUntilIdle()
+    say(("%s forgot a move to learn %s"):format(
+        tostring(who and who.species or "?"), key))
+  end
+  -- The learn lands a frame or two after the menus close, so checking
+  -- immediately reported "did NOT learn it" for a TM that had in fact
+  -- worked -- DIG said it failed and then got used two segments later.
+  -- Give it a moment before calling it.
+  local learned = waitFor(function() return slotKnowing(key:upper()) ~= nil end, 20)
+  if learned then
+    say(("%s learned %s"):format(tostring(who and who.species or "?"), key))
+    return true
+  end
+  say(("teach %s: %s did NOT learn it"):format(key,
+      tostring(who and who.species or "?")))
+  return false
+end
+
+-- Use a field move from the party menu (start_sub_menus.asm). CUT/SURF/
+-- STRENGTH/FLY all live there, gated on the matching badge -- CUT needs
+-- CASCADEBADGE (src/ui/PartyMenu.lua:342).
+function ops.fieldMove(s, where)
+  local move = tostring(s.move or ""):upper()
+  local slot = slotKnowing(move)
+  if not slot then
+    -- DIG and FLY are TRANSPORT, and a transport step we cannot perform is
+    -- a walk we have not taken yet rather than a dead end. Segment 72 is
+    -- the case: `fieldMove dig` out of the Pokémon Fan Club is the whole of
+    -- the route's Vermilion -> Cerulean trip, and if TM_DIG never made it
+    -- into the bag this returned false, segments 73-81 all skipped against
+    -- CERULEAN_CITY, and the rewind looped over Vermilion forever -- with a
+    -- won gym behind it. Walking there is slower and always available.
+    if (move == "DIG" or move == "FLY") and nextMapWanted
+       and ow().map.id ~= nextMapWanted then
+      say(("fieldMove %s: nobody knows it -- walking to %s instead")
+          :format(move, tostring(nextMapWanted)))
+      if travelTo(nextMapWanted, where) then return true end
+    end
+    note("fieldMove: nobody knows " .. move, where)
+    say(("fieldMove %s: nobody in the party knows it"):format(move))
+    return false
+  end
+  -- CUT acts on the tile the player is FACING (OverworldState:tryCut), and
+  -- a `goto` leaves us facing whatever direction we last stepped. Without
+  -- turning to the tree first the move fires into empty ground, the game
+  -- says "There isn't anything", and the rewind loop retries it forever.
+  -- So find the tree ourselves: a cuttable block is one listed in
+  -- field.cutTreeSwaps, on a cell that is not walkable.
+  if move == "CUT" then
+    local m = ow().map
+    local function cuttable(cx, cy)
+      if not m:inBounds(cx, cy) or m:isWalkableCell(cx, cy) then return false end
+      local block = m:blockAt(math.floor(cx / 2), math.floor(cy / 2))
+      for _, sw in ipairs(G.data.field.cutTreeSwaps or {}) do
+        if sw.before == block then return true end
+      end
+      return false
+    end
+    local p = ow().player
+    local facing
+    for _, d in ipairs({ { 0, 1, "down" }, { 0, -1, "up" },
+                         { -1, 0, "left" }, { 1, 0, "right" } }) do
+      if cuttable(p.cellX + d[1], p.cellY + d[2]) then facing = d[3] break end
+    end
+    if not facing then
+      note("fieldMove: no tree adjacent", where)
+      say(("fieldMove CUT: no cuttable tree next to (%d,%d) on %s")
+          :format(p.cellX, p.cellY, tostring(where)))
+      return false
+    end
+    faceDir(facing)
+  end
+  -- SURF mounts only when the FACING tile is water (ItemUseSurfboard --
+  -- else _NoSurfingHereText and the submenu loops), and a goto leaves us
+  -- facing wherever we last stepped. The route names the direction when
+  -- it knows it; otherwise face whichever neighbour is water.
+  if move == "SURF" then
+    local m, p = ow().map, ow().player
+    local facing = s.face
+    if not facing then
+      for _, d in ipairs({ { 0, 1, "down" }, { 0, -1, "up" },
+                           { -1, 0, "left" }, { 1, 0, "right" } }) do
+        if m:inBounds(p.cellX + d[1], p.cellY + d[2])
+           and m:isWaterCell(p.cellX + d[1], p.cellY + d[2]) then
+          facing = d[3] break
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    if not facing then
+      note("fieldMove: no water adjacent", where)
+      say(("fieldMove SURF: no water next to (%d,%d) on %s")
+          :format(p.cellX, p.cellY, tostring(where)))
+      return false
+    end
+    faceDir(facing)
+  end
+
+  -- A `teach` immediately precedes this in the route, and its bag/party
+  -- menus are still unwinding when we get here. Opening START on top of
+  -- that lands us somewhere else entirely, and the failure was silent --
+  -- Vermilion taught CUT and then walked into the tree because this step
+  -- did nothing at all, so the gym segment skipped.
+  mashUntilIdle()
+  press("start")
+  U.wait(8)
+  local menu = top()
+  local row
+  for i, it in ipairs(menu and menu.items or {}) do
+    if it.label == "POKéMON" then row = i break end
+  end
+  if not row or not cursorTo("index", row) then
+    note("fieldMove: no POKéMON row", where)
+    say(("fieldMove %s: the START menu never opened"):format(move))
+    backOut()
+    return false
+  end
+  press("a")
+  U.wait(10)
+  if not cursorTo("index", slot) then
+    note("fieldMove: no slot " .. slot, where)
+    say(("fieldMove %s: could not select party slot %d"):format(move, slot))
+    backOut()
+    return false
+  end
+  press("a")
+  U.wait(10)
+  -- The per-mon submenu (STATS / SWITCH / field moves) is NOT a separate
+  -- stack entry: PartyMenu keeps it on itself as .submenu / .subItems, with
+  -- its own cursor in .subIndex (src/ui/PartyMenu.lua:327,379). Reading
+  -- top().items here scans the party list instead and finds no CUT, which
+  -- looked exactly like the badge gate refusing -- it was not; the save had
+  -- CASCADEBADGE all along.
+  local pm = top()
+  if not (pm and pm.submenu and pm.subItems) then
+    note("fieldMove: no submenu", where)
+    say(("fieldMove %s: the party submenu never opened"):format(move))
+    backOut()
+    return false
+  end
+  local mrow
+  for i, it in ipairs(pm.subItems) do
+    if it.label == move then mrow = i break end
+  end
+  if not mrow then
+    local have = {}
+    for _, it in ipairs(pm.subItems) do have[#have + 1] = it.label end
+    note("fieldMove: no " .. move .. " entry", where)
+    say(("fieldMove %s: submenu offered %s"):format(move,
+        table.concat(have, "/")))
+    backOut()
+    return false
+  end
+  -- .subIndex, not .index -- the party cursor is a different field
+  if not cursorTo("subIndex", mrow) then
+    note("fieldMove: submenu cursor stuck", where)
+    say(("fieldMove %s: could not move the submenu cursor to row %d")
+        :format(move, mrow))
+    backOut()
+    return false
+  end
+  press("a")
+  U.wait(12)
+  mashUntilIdle()
+  say(("used %s on %s"):format(move, tostring(where)))
+
+  -- DIG and FLY are the route's long-distance travel, and neither lands
+  -- where the route thinks. DIG warps to wLastBlackoutMap: the route takes
+  -- segment 72's `fieldMove dig` out of the Pokémon Fan Club expecting
+  -- Cerulean, because a speedrun never heals at Vermilion -- but ours does,
+  -- so the warp puts us straight back in Vermilion and segments 73-75 can
+  -- never run. Walk the rest of the way rather than trusting the warp.
+  if (move == "DIG" or move == "FLY") and nextMapWanted then
+    -- Give the warp a moment to land before reading where we are.
+    for _ = 1, 120 do
+      if idle() and not inBattle() then break end
+      if inBattle() then fightBattle() else mashUntilIdle() end
+    end
+    local here = ow().map.id
+    if here ~= nextMapWanted then
+      say(("%s landed on %s but the route wants %s -- travelling")
+          :format(move, tostring(here), tostring(nextMapWanted)))
+      travelTo(nextMapWanted, where)
+    end
+  end
+  return true
+end
+
+-- Is this cell a cuttable tree? (A cutTreeSwaps block on an unwalkable
+-- cell -- the same test ops.fieldMove uses to find one to face.)
+local function cuttableCell(m, cx, cy)
+  if not m:inBounds(cx, cy) or m:isWalkableCell(cx, cy) then return false end
+  local block = m:blockAt(math.floor(cx / 2), math.floor(cy / 2))
+  for _, sw in ipairs(G.data.field.cutTreeSwaps or {}) do
+    if sw.before == block then return true end
+  end
+  return false
+end
+
+-- Reachability guard, so cutToward cannot recurse through ops.goto_.
+local cutting = false
+
+-- Cut a tree that is walling us off from (tx, ty).
+--
+-- Finds the trees on the frontier of where we can currently walk, picks the
+-- one nearest the target, stands next to it and cuts. One tree per call --
+-- the caller re-plans afterwards, so a pocket behind two trees opens over
+-- two passes rather than needing a search over combinations.
+function cutToward(tx, ty)
+  if cutting then return false end
+  if not slotKnowing("CUT") then return false end
+  local m, p = ow().map, ow().player
+  local W, H = m.widthCells, m.heightCells
+  -- where we can get to right now, NPCs included as walls exactly as
+  -- bfsNextKey sees them
+  local blockedBy = {}
+  -- only this map's NPCs; see bfsNextKey
+  for _, npc in ipairs(ow().npcs) do
+    if npc.cellX >= 0 and npc.cellY >= 0 and npc.cellX < W and npc.cellY < H then
+      blockedBy[npc.cellY * W + npc.cellX] = true
+    end
+  end
+  local seen = { [p.cellY * W + p.cellX] = true }
+  local queue, head = { { p.cellX, p.cellY } }, 1
+  while head <= #queue do
+    local c = queue[head]; head = head + 1
+    for _, d in ipairs(DIRS) do
+      local nx, ny = c[1] + d[1], c[2] + d[2]
+      local id = ny * W + nx
+      if nx >= 0 and ny >= 0 and nx < W and ny < H and not seen[id]
+         and not blockedBy[id] and m:isWalkableCell(nx, ny) then
+        seen[id] = true
+        queue[#queue + 1] = { nx, ny }
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  if seen[ty * W + tx] then return false end -- not a tree problem
+  local best, bestD, stand
+  for id in pairs(seen) do
+    local cx, cy = id % W, math.floor(id / W)
+    for _, d in ipairs(DIRS) do
+      local nx, ny = cx + d[1], cy + d[2]
+      if cuttableCell(m, nx, ny) then
+        local dist = math.abs(nx - tx) + math.abs(ny - ty)
+        if not bestD or dist < bestD then
+          best, bestD, stand = { nx, ny }, dist, { cx, cy }
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  if not best then return false end
+  say(("goto (%d,%d) is walled off; cutting the tree at (%d,%d) from (%d,%d)")
+      :format(tx, ty, best[1], best[2], stand[1], stand[2]))
+  cutting = true
+  ops.goto_({ x = stand[1], y = stand[2] })
+  local ok = ops.fieldMove({ move = "cut" }, ow().map.id)
+  cutting = false
+  return ok and not cuttableCell(ow().map, best[1], best[2])
+end
+
+-- Push a Strength boulder (Victory Road's four, segments 183-186).
+--
+-- Two things here are easy to get wrong, both from push_boulder.asm
+-- (mirrored in OverworldState:checkBoulderPush):
+--
+--  * The FIRST walk into a boulder only ARMS the push
+--    (BIT_TRIED_PUSH_BOULDER); the second one moves it. A single held walk
+--    looks like a wall and reports failure.
+--  * BIT_STRENGTH_ACTIVE lives in wStatusFlags1 and is cleared on EVERY map
+--    load, so it is re-armed per map rather than once per run.
+function ops.push(s, where)
+  local dir = tostring(s.face or "")
+  if dir == "" then
+    note("push: no direction", where)
+    return false
+  end
+  if not ow().strengthActive then
+    if not ops.fieldMove({ move = "strength" }, where) then
+      note("push: could not activate STRENGTH", where)
+      say("push: STRENGTH would not activate")
+      return false
+    end
+  end
+  faceDir(dir)
+  local d = DELTA[dir]
+  if not d then return false end
+  local p = ow().player
+  local bx, by = p.cellX + d[1], p.cellY + d[2]
+  local boulder = ow():npcAtCell(bx, by)
+  if not boulder then
+    note("push: no boulder to push", where)
+    say(("push %s: nothing pushable at (%d,%d) on %s")
+        :format(dir, bx, by, ow().map.id))
+    return false
+  end
+  for _ = 1, 8 do
+    faceDir(dir)
+    walk(dir, 12)
+    if not ow():npcAtCell(bx, by) then
+      say(("pushed the boulder %s on %s"):format(dir, ow().map.id))
+      return true
+    end
+    U.wait(4)
+  end
+  note("push: boulder would not move", where)
+  say(("push %s: the boulder at (%d,%d) did not move"):format(dir, bx, by))
+  return false
+end
+
+-- FLY between towns -- by walking, because we can never actually Fly.
+--
+-- HM02 is picked up at segment 104 (ROUTE_16_FLY_HOUSE) and taught at 105,
+-- but the route means it for a bird we never catch: our party is the
+-- starter plus a NIDORAN line, and WARTORTLE's tmhm list has no FLY. So
+-- `teach fly` legitimately fails and the move is never available.
+--
+-- Leaving this a stub was quietly fatal rather than merely slow. Segment
+-- 105 flies to LAVENDER_TOWN, so the stub left us standing on ROUTE_16 and
+-- segments 106-114 -- the ENTIRE Pokémon Tower arc, which is where Mr. Fuji
+-- hands over the POKE_FLUTE -- all skipped. The run then walked into the
+-- Route 16 SNORLAX with no flute, could not pass, and thrashed until it ran
+-- out of rewinds. One stubbed op, sixty segments of consequences.
+--
+-- The step names its destination (dest=lavender, map=4), and `map` is a
+-- Fly-menu index rather than a map id, so the next segment's map is the
+-- reliable target.
+local FLY_DESTS = {
+  pallet = "PALLET_TOWN", viridian = "VIRIDIAN_CITY", pewter = "PEWTER_CITY",
+  cerulean = "CERULEAN_CITY", lavender = "LAVENDER_TOWN",
+  vermilion = "VERMILION_CITY", celadon = "CELADON_CITY",
+  fuchsia = "FUCHSIA_CITY", cinnabar = "CINNABAR_ISLAND",
+  saffron = "SAFFRON_CITY",
+}
+
+function ops.fly(s, where)
+  local dest = FLY_DESTS[tostring(s.dest or ""):lower()] or nextMapWanted
+  if not dest then
+    note("fly: no destination", where)
+    return false
+  end
+  if ow().map.id == dest then return true end
+  say(("fly to %s: walking there instead"):format(dest))
+  if travelTo(dest, where) then return true end
+  note("fly: could not reach " .. dest, where)
+  return false
+end
+
+for _, name in ipairs({ "swapItem",
+                        "swapMove" }) do
+  ops[name] = function(s, where)
+    note(name, where)
+    return true
+  end
+end
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- catching
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- Whether the run is over: nothing left standing. Blacking out revives the
+-- party at the heal point, so this is checked while the battle that did it
+-- is still resolving, before the revive lands. (Defined here rather than
+-- with the runner below because catchWild watches for it too.)
+local function wiped()
+  local party = G.save and G.save.party or {}
+  if #party == 0 then return false end
+  for _, mon in ipairs(party) do
+    if (mon.hp or 0) > 0 then return false end
+  end
+  return true
+end
+--
+-- The route is built around a second Pokémon. Segment 16 buys 10 POKE_BALLs
+-- for exactly this, segment 18 catches a Nidoran on Route 22, and Mt. Moon
+-- evolves it into the Nidoking that every later TM is aimed at (thrash,
+-- thunderbolt, horn drill, rock slide, ice beam). Skipping the catch left a
+-- lone starter carrying a route balanced for two -- no switch, no revive --
+-- which is what kept killing us in Viridian Forest.
+
+local BALL_ORDER = { "POKE_BALL", "GREAT_BALL", "ULTRA_BALL" }
+
+local function ballInBag()
+  for _, id in ipairs(BALL_ORDER) do
+    if (heldCount(id) or 0) > 0 then return id end
+  end
+end
+
+-- Throw one ball at the current wild encounter.
+--
+-- Drives the real menus (battle menu -> ITEM -> the ball) the way ops.heal
+-- does, rather than calling BattleState:throwBall, so a broken bag fails the
+-- run instead of being quietly bypassed. In battle the bag has no USE/TOSS
+-- submenu (BagMenu.lua:359), so selecting a ball throws it outright.
+local function throwBall(battle, ball, where)
+  local function failed(stage)
+    local t = top()
+    say(("catch: throw failed at %s on %s (top=%s, rows=%d, phase=%s)"):format(
+        stage, tostring(where),
+        (isList() and "list") or (isMenu() and "menu") or (t and "other")
+          or "nothing",
+        rows() and #rows() or 0, tostring(battle.phase)))
+  end
+  -- ITEM is index 3 of the 2x2 action grid (fight/pkmn/item/run)
+  if not battleMenuTo(battle, 3) then failed("the ITEM slot") return false end
+  press("a")
+  if not waitFor(isList, 40) then failed("opening the bag") return false end
+  local idx
+  for i, row in ipairs(rows()) do
+    if row.value == ball then idx = i break end
+  end
+  if not idx then failed("finding " .. ball .. " in the bag") return false end
+  if not cursorTo("index", idx) then failed("the bag cursor") return false end
+  -- in battle the bag has no USE/TOSS submenu, so A throws it outright
+  press("a")
+  U.wait(10)
+  return true
+end
+
+-- How long to pace for a target before accepting we are not getting one.
+-- Route 22 grass is a 25/256 encounter rate with Nidoran on 4 of 10 slots,
+-- so this is many times the expected wait; it exists to end the segment,
+-- not to be reached.
+local CATCH_MAX_STEPS = 300
+-- Hard ceiling on outer-loop passes regardless of which branch they take,
+-- so a wedged battle cannot pin the run (see the loop below).
+local CATCH_MAX_ITERATIONS = 1200
+
+-- Only walking counts toward CATCH_MAX_STEPS, so a wait that never resolves
+-- would spin forever. This bounds it.
+local MAX_CATCH_SPINS = 400
+
+-- Pace for wild encounters and spend balls on anything in `targets`.
+--
+-- Non-targets are fought rather than fled: we are underlevelled precisely
+-- because the bot flees, and this is grass we are standing in anyway.
+--
+-- The catch WEAKENS first (weakenMoveIndex), then throws. This used to
+-- throw at full HP on the reasoning that NIDORAN's catch rate is 235 and we
+-- hold ten balls, so softening it only risked killing the target. That
+-- holds for NIDORAN and not for the second catch: ODDISH is catch rate 45,
+-- and a full-HP run at it spent six balls without ever sticking a shake.
+-- Gen 1's formula scales with missing HP, so a safe hit is worth far more
+-- than an extra ball -- and weakenMoveIndex only offers a move that leaves
+-- the target alive with a margin, falling back to throwing when no move is
+-- safe, so the original worry is handled rather than ignored.
+local function catchWild(targets, where)
+  targets = targets or catchTarget
+  if not targets or #targets == 0 then
+    note("catch: no target species", where)
+    return true
+  end
+  local want = {}
+  for _, s in ipairs(targets) do want[s] = true end
+  local startSize = #party()
+  local steps, thrown, spins, weakened = 0, 0, 0, 0
+  local seen = {} -- species -> encounters, so a failed catch says what showed up
+  local ball = ballInBag()
+  -- No balls means no catch, and pacing the grass for 300 steps to discover
+  -- that only feeds the encounters we cannot do anything with. Say so and
+  -- move on -- an empty bag here points at the shop stop, not at this step.
+  if not ball then
+    note("catch: no balls in the bag", where)
+    say(("catching %s on %s: NO BALLS -- check the shop stop that should "
+         .. "have stocked them"):format(table.concat(targets, "/"), tostring(where)))
+    return true
+  end
+  say(("catching %s on %s (party %d, %s x%d)"):format(
+      table.concat(targets, "/"), tostring(where), startSize,
+      ball, heldCount(ball) or 0))
+
+  -- Bound the LOOP, not just the walking.
+  --
+  -- `steps` is the only bound the outer loop had, and it is incremented in
+  -- exactly one branch -- the one that paces the grass. A battle that never
+  -- resolves therefore re-enters the inBattle branch forever with `steps`
+  -- frozen, and CATCH_MAX_STEPS can never trip. That is not theoretical: a
+  -- level-13 ODDISH on ROUTE_6 pinned the run for 10,229 identical
+  -- iterations of "found ODDISH after 21 steps -- throwing", never throwing
+  -- (no failure logged), never catching, never running out of balls.
+  -- Whatever wedges the battle, the driver must not livelock on it.
+  local iterations = 0
+  while steps < CATCH_MAX_STEPS do
+    iterations = iterations + 1
+    if iterations > CATCH_MAX_ITERATIONS then
+      -- Name WHICH sub-state is holding the queue, not just the phase.
+      --
+      -- BattleState:updateQueue returns true (queue held) for four separate
+      -- reasons -- waitingUI, waitFrames, draining, animPlaying -- and the
+      -- phase alone cannot tell them apart. The first pass at this only
+      -- reported phase=messages, which narrowed it to "the queue is stuck"
+      -- and no further; afterQueue and the drain have since been ruled out
+      -- (tests/parity_ball_miss.lua covers the phase contract). Print the
+      -- lot so the next occurrence names the culprit instead of needing
+      -- another run to guess again.
+      local b = G.stack:top()
+      say(("catch: livelocked on %s after %d iterations (steps=%d, thrown=%d, "
+           .. "inBattle=%s, phase=%s, afterQueue=%s, queue=%d, waitingUI=%s, "
+           .. "waitFrames=%s, draining=%s, animPlaying=%s) -- abandoning")
+          :format(tostring(where), iterations, steps, thrown,
+                  tostring(inBattle()), tostring(b and b.phase),
+                  tostring(b and b.afterQueue), b and b.queue and #b.queue or -1,
+                  tostring(b and b.waitingUI), tostring(b and b.waitFrames),
+                  tostring(b and b.draining), tostring(b and b.animPlaying)))
+      note("catch: livelocked", where)
+      if inBattle() then fightBattle() end
+      mashUntilIdle()
+      return true
+    end
+    if blackedOut or wiped() then return false end
+    if inBattle() then
+      spins = 0
+      -- Let the enemy side finish being built before deciding what this is.
+      -- Reading it the instant the stack top becomes a battle can return nil
+      -- and drop our target into the "just fight it" branch.
+      waitFor(function()
+        local b = G.stack:top()
+        return not inBattle() or (b.enemy and b.enemy.mon) ~= nil
+      end, 20)
+      local battle = G.stack:top()
+      local enemy = inBattle() and battle.enemy and battle.enemy.mon or nil
+      local species = enemy and enemy.species
+      if battle.kind == "wild" and species and want[species] then
+        -- Our target. Keep throwing until it is ours, the balls run out or
+        -- the battle ends some other way (it broke out and KO'd us).
+        say(("found %s (level %d) after %d steps -- throwing"):format(
+            species, enemy.level or 0, steps))
+        local frames = 0
+        while inBattle() and #party() == startSize and frames < 4000 do
+          local b = G.stack:top()
+          if b.phase == "menu" then
+            -- our own mon fainted mid-catch: hand back to the fight loop,
+            -- which owns the replacement menu and the blackout watch
+            if b.player.mon.hp <= 0 then break end
+            local ball = ballInBag()
+            if not ball then
+              note("catch: out of balls", where)
+              break
+            end
+            -- Soften it up first. Gen 1's catch chance scales with missing
+            -- HP, so full-HP throws are the worst odds on offer -- fine for
+            -- a NIDORAN at catch rate 235, hopeless for an ODDISH at 45,
+            -- which ate six balls without a single shake that stuck.
+            -- weakenMoveIndex only ever offers a move that leaves the
+            -- target alive with a margin; when nothing is safe it returns
+            -- nil and we throw rather than risk killing what we came for.
+            local weaken = weakenMoveIndex(b)
+            if weaken then
+              if battleMenuTo(b, 1) then
+                press("a")
+                U.wait(6)
+                for _ = 1, 8 do
+                  if b.moveIndex == weaken then break end
+                  press(b.moveIndex > weaken and "up" or "down")
+                  U.wait(2)
+                end
+                press("a")
+                U.wait(6)
+                weakened = weakened + 1
+              end
+            elseif not throwBall(b, ball, where) then
+              note("catch: could not throw " .. ball, where)
+              break
+            else
+              thrown = thrown + 1
+            end
+          else
+            press("a")
+            U.wait(3)
+          end
+          frames = frames + 4
+        end
+        if #party() > startSize then
+          local got = party()[#party()]
+          say(("caught %s (level %d) after %d ball%s and %d weakening hit%s "
+               .. "-- party is now %d")
+              :format(tostring(got and got.species or species),
+                      got and got.level or 0, thrown,
+                      thrown == 1 and "" or "s", weakened,
+                      weakened == 1 and "" or "s", #party()))
+          return true
+        end
+        if inBattle() then fightBattle() end
+      else
+        seen[species or "?"] = (seen[species or "?"] or 0) + 1
+        fightBattle() -- not our target, but the XP still counts
+      end
+      autoHeal(where, riskThreshold(where))
+    elseif busy() then
+      -- Deliberately NOT mashUntilIdle: it fights whatever battle it finds
+      -- (mashUntilIdle -> fightBattle). An encounter opens *during* the walk
+      -- below, so the very next thing this loop did was hand our target to
+      -- that wait, which killed it before the branch above ever saw it --
+      -- the bot stood in the right grass, met the right Pokémon and never
+      -- threw a ball. Advance text only and let the battle branch decide.
+      press("a")
+      U.wait(6)
+      spins = spins + 1
+      if spins > MAX_CATCH_SPINS then
+        say(("catch: stuck waiting for the overworld on %s; giving up")
+            :format(tostring(where)))
+        return true
+      end
+    else
+      -- encounters only fire on steps, so pace the grass we were left in
+      spins = 0
+      walk(steps % 2 == 0 and "up" or "down")
+      steps = steps + 1
+    end
+  end
+  local tally = {}
+  for sp, n in pairs(seen) do tally[#tally + 1] = ("%s x%d"):format(sp, n) end
+  table.sort(tally)
+  note(("catch: no %s after %d steps (%d balls thrown)")
+       :format(table.concat(targets, "/"), steps, thrown), where)
+  say(("catch: gave up on %s after %d steps, %d balls thrown, %d weakening "
+       .. "hits; met %s"):format(
+      table.concat(targets, "/"), steps, thrown, weakened,
+      #tally > 0 and table.concat(tally, ", ") or "nothing"))
+  return true
+end
+
+-- Named handlers for the route's `manual` steps. Anything without one is
+-- still stubbed loudly rather than guessed at.
+local MANUAL = {}
+
+-- Vermilion Gym's trash can lock puzzle (engine/events/hidden_events/
+-- vermilion_gym_trash.asm). Two switches hide in the 15 cans; both open
+-- the door block at (2,2) that walls Surge off. Until then the route's
+-- gotos into the north half are simply unreachable and the gym segment
+-- skips -- the bot walked in, wandered and walked back out.
+--
+-- We cannot read where the switches are, and we should not: the first is
+-- re-rolled on every Vermilion City load AND on every wrong second guess,
+-- so there is nothing stable to aim at. Just check cans until the door
+-- opens. The vanilla odds are poor and the re-roll makes it memoryless,
+-- hence the generous budget.
+local function solveTrashcans(where)
+  local cans = G.data.field.hiddenExtras
+                 and G.data.field.hiddenExtras.trashCans
+                 and G.data.field.hiddenExtras.trashCans.cans
+  if not cans or #cans == 0 then
+    note("trashcans: no can data", where)
+    return false
+  end
+  local function solved() return G.save.flags.EVENT_2ND_LOCK_OPENED == true end
+  if solved() then return true end
+  local tries = 0
+  for _ = 1, 12 do -- passes over the grid
+    for _, can in ipairs(cans) do
+      if solved() then
+        say(("trashcans: both locks open after %d checks"):format(tries))
+        return true
+      end
+      -- stand next to the can and face it; stepUpTo handles the approach
+      if stepUpTo(can.x, can.y) then
+        press("a")
+        U.wait(8)
+        mashUntilIdle()
+        tries = tries + 1
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  note("trashcans: unsolved", where)
+  say(("trashcans: %d checks and the door is still shut"):format(tries))
+  return false
+end
+
+function MANUAL.trashcans(where) return solveTrashcans(where) end
+
+-- Evolve with a stone (Mt. Moon's MOON_STONE on the route's NIDORINO).
+--
+-- The whole back half of the route's move plan is aimed at a NIDOKING --
+-- thrash, thunderbolt, rock_slide, ice_beam all target it -- so leaving
+-- this a stub did not merely skip a step, it silently invalidated every
+-- later `teach`: with no NIDOKING in the party they fell through to slot 1
+-- and were spent on a WARTORTLE that cannot learn them.
+--
+-- Data checked against pokered (data/pokemon/evos_moves.asm:1897,
+-- EVOLVE_ITEM MOON_STONE -> NIDOKING); ours matches, and the engine already
+-- returns { evolveTo = ... } from ItemEffects and runs Evolution.evolve in
+-- BagMenu. Only the driver was missing.
+local function evolveWithStone(species, item, where)
+  local slot = slotForSpecies(species)
+  if not slot then
+    note("evolve: no " .. tostring(species[1] or species), where)
+    say(("evolve: no %s in the party"):format(tostring(species[1] or species)))
+    return false
+  end
+  if (heldCount(item) or 0) <= 0 then
+    note("evolve: no " .. item, where)
+    say(("evolve: no %s in the bag"):format(item))
+    return false
+  end
+  local before = party()[slot] and party()[slot].species
+  useItemOn(item, slot, where)
+  -- the evolution scene is a long one; wait it out rather than stepping on it
+  for _ = 1, 200 do
+    if idle() then break end
+    mashUntilIdle()
+  end
+  local after = party()[slot] and party()[slot].species
+  if after ~= before then
+    say(("%s evolved into %s"):format(tostring(before), tostring(after)))
+    return true
+  end
+  say(("evolve: %s did not evolve"):format(tostring(before)))
+  return false
+end
+
+function MANUAL.evolveNidoking(where)
+  return evolveWithStone({ "NIDORINO", "NIDORAN_M" }, "MOON_STONE", where)
+end
+
+-- NIDORAN_M -> NIDORINO is EVOLVE_LEVEL 16 (evos_moves.asm), so it happens
+-- on its own as the trainee levels; there is nothing to drive here. Kept as
+-- a real handler rather than a stub so the end-of-run summary stops listing
+-- it as skipped work.
+function MANUAL.evolveNidorino() return true end
+
+-- Ride an elevator to the floor the next segment wants.
+--
+-- Both elevators the route uses (CELADON_MART_ELEVATOR at segment 98,
+-- SILPH_CO_ELEVATOR at 140) gate real geography: the mart's upper floors
+-- and most of Silph are only reachable through them.
+--
+-- The floor menu opens from the map's own onEnter (data/scripts/story3.lua
+-- `elevator`), so it is already up by the time we get here -- there is
+-- nothing to interact with. Rows are the short floor tokens pokered prints
+-- ("5F", "B2F"), which is exactly the tail of the destination map id, so
+-- the next segment names the button to press.
+-- Ride the elevator to `wantMap` (defaults to the next segment's floor).
+--
+-- The floor menu opens from the elevator's own onEnter, so it is already up
+-- when we arrive. If it is NOT up -- we bounced in on a stray warp and the
+-- menu was dismissed, or we are on the default 1F-exit oscillation -- step
+-- back onto the car's warp to re-open it before giving up.
+local function rideElevator(where, wantMap)
+  local want = tostring(wantMap or nextMapWanted or "")
+  local token = want:match("_([^_]+)$")
+  if not token then
+    note("elevator: no destination floor", where)
+    say(("elevator on %s: no floor named to ride to"):format(tostring(where)))
+    return false
+  end
+  local from = ow().map.id
+  if not waitFor(isList, 20) then
+    -- Re-open the floor menu: the car's exit warp re-enters the elevator,
+    -- firing onEnter again. This is what breaks the un-ridden bounce.
+    local car = findWarpTo("ELEVATOR") or findWarpTo("")
+    if car then walkOntoWarp(car.x, car.y) end
+    from = ow().map.id
+  end
+  if not waitFor(isList, 60) then
+    note("elevator: no floor menu", where)
+    say(("elevator on %s: the WHICH FLOOR? menu never opened"):format(from))
+    return false
+  end
+  local idx
+  for i, row in ipairs(rows() or {}) do
+    if tostring(row.label) == token then idx = i break end
+  end
+  if not idx then
+    -- The exact floor is not on this elevator -- the Celadon roof, say, is
+    -- reached by stairs from 5F, not by the car. Ride to the highest floor
+    -- offered instead (nearest the roof) and let the caller walk the last
+    -- stairs. Better than failing and bouncing.
+    local best, bestFloor
+    for i, row in ipairs(rows() or {}) do
+      local n = tonumber(tostring(row.label):match("%d+"))
+      if n and (not bestFloor or n > bestFloor) then best, bestFloor = i, n end
+    end
+    if best then
+      say(("elevator on %s: no %s floor; riding to the top (%s) instead")
+          :format(from, token, tostring(rows()[best].label)))
+      idx = best
+    else
+      local have = {}
+      for _, row in ipairs(rows() or {}) do have[#have + 1] = tostring(row.label) end
+      note("elevator: no floor " .. token, where)
+      say(("elevator on %s: wanted %s, offered %s")
+          :format(from, token, table.concat(have, "/")))
+      backOut()
+      return false
+    end
+  end
+  if not cursorTo("index", idx) then backOut() return false end
+  press("a")
+  -- ShakeElevator runs the whole ride in place -- music stop, 100 scroll
+  -- bounces, the PA chime -- and only then walks us out onto the floor.
+  for _ = 1, 600 do
+    if ow().map.id ~= from then break end
+    if idle() then U.wait(4) else mashUntilIdle() end
+  end
+  local landed = ow().map.id
+  if landed == want then
+    say(("rode the elevator to %s"):format(token))
+    return true
+  end
+  note("elevator: landed on " .. tostring(landed), where)
+  say(("elevator: wanted %s, ended on %s"):format(want, tostring(landed)))
+  return false
+end
+
+MANUAL.deptElevator = rideElevator
+MANUAL.silphElevator = rideElevator
+
+-- Escape the Pokémon Tower 6F MAROWAK with a POKé DOLL.
+--
+-- This is not a shortcut we could skip -- it is the route's only way past
+-- 6F. The route never visits the Game Corner or ROCKET_HIDEOUT (checked:
+-- no segment on either map), so it never holds the SILPH_SCOPE, and
+-- Map.ghostBattles marks every POKEMON_TOWER floor `unlessItem =
+-- "SILPH_SCOPE"`. Without the scope the ghost cannot be damaged at all, so
+-- fighting it is an infinite battle; the POKE_DOLL bought at segment 94
+-- (CELADON_MART_4F) is what gets us to 7F and Mr. Fuji -- and therefore to
+-- the POKE_FLUTE and the Snorlax beyond it.
+--
+-- ItemUsePokeDoll works on wild battles only, which the ghost is.
+function MANUAL.pokeDoll(where)
+  -- The battle usually opens DURING the preceding goto, where fightBattle
+  -- already throws the doll (the ghost branch). Arriving here with the
+  -- event set means that worked; there is nothing left to do.
+  if (G.save.flags or {}).EVENT_BEAT_GHOST_MAROWAK then
+    say("MAROWAK already departed (doll thrown mid-goto)")
+    return true
+  end
+  if (heldCount("POKE_DOLL") or 0) <= 0 then
+    -- The Celadon 4F stop can fail (it did -- a clerk behind a counter
+    -- the old stepUpTo could not reach), and without the doll the
+    -- MAROWAK is unbeatable and the tower a dead end. The mart is a
+    -- short walk from Lavender, so go buy one rather than write the
+    -- attempt off; the segment loop travels back to the tower on its
+    -- own when the manual step ends on the wrong map.
+    say("pokeDoll: none in the bag -- walking to CELADON_MART_4F to buy one")
+    local back = ow().map.id
+    if travelTo("CELADON_MART_4F", where) then
+      ops.shop({ list = "pokeDoll" }, "CELADON_MART_4F")
+      travelTo(back, where)
+    end
+  end
+  if (heldCount("POKE_DOLL") or 0) <= 0 then
+    note("pokeDoll: none in the bag", where)
+    say("pokeDoll: no POKE_DOLL (the Celadon 4F stop should have bought one)")
+    return false
+  end
+  -- the ghost engages as we approach; give it a moment to open
+  for _ = 1, 120 do
+    if inBattle() then break end
+    if busy() then mashUntilIdle() else U.wait(4) end
+  end
+  if not inBattle() then
+    note("pokeDoll: no battle to escape", where)
+    return false
+  end
+  local battle = G.stack:top()
+  for _ = 1, 40 do
+    if not inBattle() then break end
+    if battle.phase == "menu" then
+      if not battleMenuTo(battle, 3) then break end
+      press("a")
+      if not waitFor(isList, 40) then backOut() break end
+      local idx
+      for i, row in ipairs(rows() or {}) do
+        if row.value == "POKE_DOLL" then idx = i break end
+      end
+      if not idx or not cursorTo("index", idx) then backOut() break end
+      press("a")
+      U.wait(12)
+      mashUntilIdle(400)
+      break
+    end
+    press("a")
+    U.wait(4)
+  end
+  if inBattle() then
+    note("pokeDoll: still in the battle", where)
+    say("pokeDoll: the doll did not end the MAROWAK battle")
+    return false
+  end
+  say("escaped the MAROWAK ghost with a POKé DOLL")
+  return true
+end
+
+-- Buy drinks from the Celadon Mart roof vending machines.
+--
+-- This is the key that opens the middle of the map. All four Saffron gates
+-- turn you back until the guards have been given a drink, and Saffron sits
+-- between Celadon and Lavender -- so with no drink in the bag the route
+-- cannot reach Lavender for the POKE_FLUTE, and travelTo reports "no route
+-- to MR_FUJIS_HOUSE" however hard it searches. One FRESH_WATER opens every
+-- gate permanently.
+--
+-- The machines are SIGNS (10,1) (11,1) (12,2), not clerks, so ops.shop
+-- cannot drive them -- they open a plain ListMenu (data/scripts/story4.lua
+-- vendingMachine) which stays up between purchases, showing a "popped out!"
+-- box over itself each time.
+--
+-- Buys several: one goes to the guards, and the roof's thirsty girl trades
+-- the others for TMs. Nothing later depends on those TMs, so a short bag or
+-- a thin wallet is not a failure.
+local VENDING_WANT = 3
+
+function MANUAL.giveWater(where)
+  local sign
+  for _, s in ipairs(ow().map.def.signs or {}) do
+    if tostring(s.text or s.id or ""):find("VENDING_MACHINE") then
+      sign = s
+      break
+    end
+  end
+  if not sign then
+    note("giveWater: no vending machine here", where)
+    return false
+  end
+  -- a sign is read from the cell below it, facing up
+  if not ops.goto_({ x = sign.x, y = sign.y + 1 }) then
+    note("giveWater: cannot reach the vending machine", where)
+    return false
+  end
+  faceDir("up")
+  press("a")
+  U.wait(10)
+  if not waitFor(isList, 40) then
+    note("giveWater: the vending machine did not open", where)
+    say("giveWater: no vending menu appeared")
+    backOut()
+    return false
+  end
+  local bought = 0
+  for _ = 1, VENDING_WANT do
+    if not isList() then break end
+    cursorTo("index", 1) -- FRESH_WATER, the cheapest at 200
+    press("a")
+    U.wait(12)
+    -- the purchase (or "Not enough money") prints over the list; clear it
+    for _ = 1, 20 do
+      if isList() then break end
+      press("a")
+      U.wait(4)
+    end
+    bought = bought + 1
+  end
+  backOut()
+  mashUntilIdle()
+  local held = 0
+  for _, d in ipairs({ "FRESH_WATER", "SODA_POP", "LEMONADE" }) do
+    held = held + (heldCount(d) or 0)
+  end
+  say(("giveWater: %d vending purchases, %d drink(s) in the bag")
+      :format(bought, held))
+  if held <= 0 then
+    note("giveWater: no drink bought", where)
+    return false
+  end
+  return true
+end
+
+function MANUAL.catchNidoran(where) return catchWild(CATCH_SPECIES.nidoran, where) end
+function MANUAL.catchOddish(where) return catchWild(CATCH_SPECIES.oddish, where) end
+
+-- Use a field item that takes no target (the ESCAPE ROPE).
+--
+-- Same bag walk as useItemOn, but there is no party menu at the end: the
+-- item just fires and warps us to the last heal point.
+local function useFieldItem(itemId, where)
+  press("start")
+  U.wait(8)
+  local menu = top()
+  if not (menu and menu.screenId == "StartMenu") then
+    note("useItem: start menu never opened", where)
+    backOut()
+    return false
+  end
+  local itemRow
+  for i, it in ipairs(menu.items or {}) do
+    if it.label == "ITEM" then itemRow = i break end
+  end
+  if not itemRow or not cursorTo("index", itemRow) then
+    note("useItem: no ITEM row", where)
+    backOut()
+    return false
+  end
+  press("a")
+  U.wait(10)
+  local bag = top()
+  if not (bag and bag.screenId == "BagMenu") then
+    note("useItem: bag never opened", where)
+    backOut()
+    return false
+  end
+  local bagRow
+  for i, r in ipairs(bag.items or {}) do
+    if r.value == itemId then bagRow = i break end
+  end
+  if not bagRow or not cursorTo("index", bagRow) then
+    note("useItem: no " .. itemId .. " in the bag", where)
+    backOut()
+    return false
+  end
+  press("a")
+  U.wait(8)
+  if isUseToss() then -- USE is row 1
+    if not cursorTo("index", 1) then backOut() return false end
+    press("a")
+    U.wait(10)
+  end
+  -- the rope warps us out; let the map change land
+  local from = ow().map.id
+  for _ = 1, 150 do
+    if ow().map.id ~= from then break end
+    if busy() then press("a") end
+    U.wait(6)
+  end
+  if ow().map.id == from then
+    backOut()
+    return false
+  end
+  return true
+end
+
+-- Walk out through the building's exit warp. The fallback for a missing
+-- ESCAPE ROPE: it does not land us where the route expects, but standing
+-- still inside a house guarantees the attempt dies, and walking out at
+-- least gives the segment loop a chance to re-sync.
+local function leaveByDoor(where)
+  local out = findWarpTo("LAST_MAP") or findWarpTo("")
+  if out and walkOntoWarp(out.x, out.y) then
+    say(("left %s by the door (no ESCAPE ROPE)"):format(tostring(where)))
+    return true
+  end
+  return false
+end
+
+function ops.useItem(s, where)
+  local item = s.item and tostring(s.item):upper()
+  if s.move then
+    -- A TM teach routed through useItem upstream (TM26 EARTHQUAKE, five
+    -- times at different checkpoints). The TM exists once, so the step is
+    -- made idempotent: skip when somebody already knows the move, else
+    -- hand it to the teach op, whose compatibility fallback picks the
+    -- lead -- the mon that actually fights for us.
+    local key = tostring(s.move):upper()
+    if slotKnowing(key) then return true end
+    return ops.teach({ move = s.move, mon = s.mon }, where)
+  end
+  if item ~= "ESCAPE_ROPE" then
+    -- the other useItem steps are speedrun stat items and X ATTACKs
+    note("useItem", where)
+    return true
+  end
+  if (heldCount("ESCAPE_ROPE") or 0) > 0 and useFieldItem("ESCAPE_ROPE", where) then
+    -- The rope warps to the heal point, which puts us INSIDE the town's
+    -- Poké Center -- but the route's next segment is the town outside it.
+    -- Without stepping out the bot just stands at the nurse while every
+    -- remaining segment skips: "got the ticket, used the rope, then stood
+    -- there".
+    local landed = ow().map.id
+    say(("escape rope out of %s -> %s"):format(tostring(where), tostring(landed)))
+    if tostring(landed):find("POKECENTER") then leaveByDoor(landed) end
+    return true
+  end
+  note("useItem: escape rope failed", where)
+  return leaveByDoor(where)
+end
+
+-- Wake the Route 16 / Route 12 SNORLAX.
+--
+-- Defined down here because it needs useFieldItem. The flute must be USED
+-- from the bag while standing next to it -- talking to Snorlax with the
+-- flute in the bag does nothing (ItemEffects' adjacentSleepingSnorlax, and
+-- data/scripts/story.lua's snorlaxWake). Waking it starts a static battle,
+-- so the fight is driven before handing back.
+function MANUAL.playPokeFlute(where)
+  local snorlax
+  for _, npc in ipairs(ow().npcs) do
+    local id = tostring((npc.def and (npc.def.id or npc.def.sprite)) or "")
+    if id:find("SNORLAX") then snorlax = npc break end
+  end
+  if not snorlax then
+    note("playPokeFlute: no SNORLAX here", where)
+    say(("playPokeFlute: nothing asleep on %s"):format(ow().map.id))
+    return false
+  end
+  if (heldCount("POKE_FLUTE") or 0) <= 0 then
+    note("playPokeFlute: no POKE_FLUTE", where)
+    say("playPokeFlute: the flute is not in the bag (Mr. Fuji not yet reached?)")
+    return false
+  end
+  if not stepUpTo(snorlax.cellX, snorlax.cellY) then
+    note("playPokeFlute: cannot reach SNORLAX", where)
+    return false
+  end
+  local p = ow().player
+  local dx, dy = snorlax.cellX - p.cellX, snorlax.cellY - p.cellY
+  faceDir((dx > 0 and "right") or (dx < 0 and "left")
+          or (dy > 0 and "down") or "up")
+  useFieldItem("POKE_FLUTE", where)
+  -- waking it is a static battle, not a warp
+  for _ = 1, 200 do
+    if inBattle() then fightBattle()
+    elseif idle() then break
+    else mashUntilIdle() end
+  end
+  local still = false
+  for _, npc in ipairs(ow().npcs) do
+    local id = tostring((npc.def and (npc.def.id or npc.def.sprite)) or "")
+    if id:find("SNORLAX") then still = true break end
+  end
+  if still then
+    note("playPokeFlute: SNORLAX still there", where)
+    return false
+  end
+  say("SNORLAX woke up and the way is clear")
+  return true
+end
+
+function ops.manual(s, where)
+  local fn = MANUAL[s.name]
+  if not fn then
+    note("manual:" .. s.name, where)
+    return true
+  end
+  return fn(where)
+end
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- runner
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- One pass over the route. Returns false if the party wiped, so the caller
+-- can restart from a fresh game the way PokeBotBad's Strategies.reset does
+-- -- a blackout dumps us at the heal point with the route pointing
+-- somewhere else entirely, and there is no sane way to re-sync mid-run.
+-- A cutscene rarely carries us past more than a couple of segments; a long
+-- unbroken run of skips means the attempt is lost, not merely ahead.
+local MAX_CONSECUTIVE_SKIPS = 8
+
+-- How far back a lost attempt will rewind before giving up. Each rewind
+-- goes strictly further back than the last.
+local MAX_REWINDS = 4
+
+-- How many times a lost attempt will WALK to the segment's map before
+-- falling back to rewinding. Tried first because it resumes the route
+-- where it left off rather than replaying, but it is a long walk, so a
+-- run that keeps needing one is lost for some other reason.
+local MAX_TRAVEL_RESCUES = 3
+
+-- How many maps a deferred grind will try before being dropped.
+local MAX_PENDING_GRINDS = 3
+
+-- Grind wild encounters where we stand until the lead gains a level.
+--
+-- Used after a second death on the same segment: arriving healthy was not
+-- enough, so the answer is levels rather than another attempt at the same
+-- HP. We do NOT flee here (that is the point) and we top up between
+-- encounters, so this doubles as the "heal until ready" half.
+local recoverFromBlackout
+
+-- Can a wild encounter fire on this cell?
+--
+-- Mirrors OverworldController's own test (the `grass / surfing / indoor`
+-- branch around line 2307): grass with an encounter table, or any tile on an
+-- indoor map that has one and is not the excluded tileset.
+local function encounterCell(map, x, y)
+  if not (G.data.encounters and G.data.encounters[map.id]) then return false end
+  if map:isGrassCell(x, y) then return true end
+  local indoor = G.data.field and G.data.field.indoorEncounters
+  return indoor ~= nil
+     and (map.def.index or -1) >= indoor.firstIndoorMap
+     and map.def.tileset ~= indoor.excludedTileset
+end
+
+-- Walk to the nearest cell where an encounter can actually fire.
+--
+-- Without this, grindALevel paced up and down wherever the blackout left us
+-- -- which is a POKé CENTER, indoors, with no encounter table at all. It
+-- looked like the bot "wigging out" on the spot: 200 steps of walking into
+-- the counter, no encounters possible, then "grind gave up".
+local function gotoEncounterCell(map)
+  local p = ow().player
+  if encounterCell(map, p.cellX, p.cellY) then return true end
+  local best, bestD
+  for y = 0, (map.heightCells or 0) - 1 do
+    for x = 0, (map.widthCells or 0) - 1 do
+      if encounterCell(map, x, y) and map:isWalkableCell(x, y) then
+        local d = math.abs(x - p.cellX) + math.abs(y - p.cellY)
+        if not bestD or d < bestD then best, bestD = { x, y }, d end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  if not best then return false end
+  ops.goto_({ x = best[1], y = best[2] })
+  p = ow().player
+  return encounterCell(ow().map, p.cellX, p.cellY)
+end
+
+local function grindALevel(where)
+  local lead = party()[1]
+  if not lead or not lead.level then return false end
+  -- Grinding only works where wild mons live. After a blackout we are
+  -- standing in a Poké Center, so check before pacing rather than after.
+  if not gotoEncounterCell(ow().map) then
+    -- Nothing to fight here -- but a town is usually one step from a route
+    -- that is all grass. Cerulean is the case that forced this: the rival
+    -- north of town kept killing us, the city has no encounters at all, and
+    -- so "train before trying again" could never do anything and the run
+    -- was written off as hopeless while a full training ground sat one map
+    -- away. Cross into a connected map that has wild mons and grind there;
+    -- the segment loop re-syncs us afterwards.
+    --
+    -- A SINGLE seam hop to an adjacent grassy map -- never travelTo.
+    --
+    -- travelTo plans multi-hop and, when the direct seam is shut, hunts an
+    -- alternate route: asked to reach ROUTE_3 for grinding from Pewter with
+    -- that seam briefly unwalkable, it walked the bot clear across the map
+    -- to ROUTE_21 and abandoned the run. Grinding only ever wants the grass
+    -- next door, so cross exactly one connection with crossSeam (which uses
+    -- the edge-exit idiom the old hand-rolled version got wrong -- it aimed
+    -- at in-bounds cells and never reached the border) and give up if that
+    -- one hop does not land somewhere with encounters.
+    local from = ow().map
+    local fromId = from.id
+    local moved = false
+    for dir, conn in pairs(from.def.connections or {}) do
+      local dest = conn.map or conn.destMap
+      if dest and G.data.encounters and G.data.encounters[dest] then
+        say(("grind: %s has no wild mons; crossing %s into %s"):format(
+            tostring(fromId), dir, tostring(dest)))
+        crossSeam({ to = dest, dir = COMPASS_DIR[dir],
+                    cells = seamCells(from.def, dir, conn) })
+        if ow().map.id ~= fromId and G.data.encounters[ow().map.id] then
+          moved = true
+          break
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    if not (moved and gotoEncounterCell(ow().map)) then
+      say(("grind: no wild encounters reachable from %s; skipping")
+          :format(tostring(from.id)))
+      return false
+    end
+  end
+  local target = lead.level + 1
+  say(("grinding on %s: %s is level %d, want %d")
+      :format(tostring(where), tostring(lead.species or "lead"), lead.level, target))
+  local sinceBattle = 0
+  local stuckPaces = 0
+  for _ = 1, 900 do
+    if blackedOut then return false end
+    local now = party()[1]
+    if not now or (now.level or 0) >= target then
+      say(("grind done: level %d"):format(now and now.level or 0))
+      return true
+    end
+    if inBattle() then
+      grinding = true -- suppress the flee guard: fleeing earns no XP
+      fightBattle()
+      grinding = false
+      sinceBattle = 0
+      autoHeal(where, 0.7)
+    elseif busy() then
+      mashUntilIdle()
+    else
+      -- Encounters only fire on steps taken ON an encounter tile, so pacing
+      -- is only useful while we are still standing on one -- two steps in a
+      -- straight line can walk off the grass strip entirely.
+      local p = ow().player
+      if not encounterCell(ow().map, p.cellX, p.cellY) then
+        if not gotoEncounterCell(ow().map) then
+          say("grind gave up: walked off the grass and cannot get back")
+          return false
+        end
+      end
+      -- Pace along whichever axis actually moves. The old strictly
+      -- vertical pace zeroed out on a one-cell-tall grass strip -- both
+      -- steps hit walls, no step means no encounter roll, and 200 idle
+      -- iterations later the grind reported "no encounters here" while
+      -- standing in perfectly good grass (Route 2's northern patch).
+      local before = ow().player
+      local bx, by = before.cellX, before.cellY
+      if not walk(sinceBattle % 2 == 0 and "up" or "down") then
+        walk(sinceBattle % 2 == 0 and "left" or "right")
+      end
+      local after = ow().player
+      if after.cellX ~= bx or after.cellY ~= by then
+        stuckPaces = 0
+      else
+        stuckPaces = (stuckPaces or 0) + 1
+        if stuckPaces > 24 then
+          say("grind gave up: boxed in, nothing to pace on")
+          return false
+        end
+      end
+      sinceBattle = sinceBattle + 1
+      if sinceBattle > 200 then
+        say("grind gave up: no encounters here")
+        return false
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  return false
+end
+
+-- Levels to ask for in one recovery.
+local MAX_GRIND_LEVELS = 3
+
+-- Deaths between grind sessions. A death never ends the run -- we go back
+-- and try again -- but every Nth one buys levels first. Retrying is cheap
+-- and the RNG wins plenty of close fights on its own; a grind is minutes of
+-- pacing, so it is paid periodically rather than per death.
+local DEATHS_PER_GRIND = 10
+-- Gyms are walls, not variance: fixed roster, always entered healed, and
+-- nothing to spend before Pewter. Grind sooner there. See recoverFromBlackout.
+local DEATHS_PER_GRIND_GYM = 3
+
+-- How far back a death is allowed to rewind us before we walk back to the
+-- segment instead. Past this the replay costs more than the trip.
+local MAX_RESUME_REWIND = 12
+
+-- Grind up to `n` levels, topping up in between. Returns levels actually
+-- gained, which is the number that matters: a death is only worth retrying
+-- if we came back stronger than we went in.
+local function grindLevels(n, where)
+  local lead = party()[1]
+  local before = lead and lead.level or 0
+  for round = 1, n do
+    if blackedOut then break end
+    if not grindALevel(where) then break end
+    -- items only between rounds; a nurse trip warps us off the grass and
+    -- grindALevel would just have to walk back to it
+    autoHeal(where, 0.9)
+    if round < n then
+      say(("training on: %d of %d levels"):format(round, n))
+    end
+  end
+  local now = party()[1]
+  return math.max(0, (now and now.level or 0) - before)
+end
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- checkpoints
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- Every blocker so far has been late in the route, and re-reaching it costs
+-- a full replay from Pallet Town. So when the run gets stuck, write the
+-- game's own save plus the segment we died on; POKEPORT_ROUTE_RESUME=1 then
+-- picks up there instead of starting over. Fix, resume, see the fix -- in
+-- seconds rather than a quarter of an hour.
+--
+--   POKEPORT_ROUTE_STOP_ON_STUCK=1  save and stop rather than restarting
+--   POKEPORT_ROUTE_RESUME=1         load the checkpoint instead of a new game
+--   POKEPORT_ROUTE_CHECKPOINT=path  where it lives
+local CHECKPOINT_PATH = os.getenv("POKEPORT_ROUTE_CHECKPOINT")
+                        or "/tmp/pokeport_route_checkpoint.lua"
+local STOP_ON_STUCK = os.getenv("POKEPORT_ROUTE_STOP_ON_STUCK") == "1"
+
+local function saveCheckpoint(i, reason)
+  -- Game:writeSave(), NOT G:save -- `Game.save` is the save DATA table, so
+  -- calling it as a method fails with "attempt to call method 'save'".
+  local ok, err = pcall(function() G:writeSave() end)
+  if not ok then
+    say(("checkpoint: the game would not save (%s)"):format(tostring(err)))
+    return false
+  end
+  local fh = io.open(CHECKPOINT_PATH, "w")
+  if not fh then
+    say("checkpoint: could not write " .. CHECKPOINT_PATH)
+    return false
+  end
+  fh:write("-- written by tests/drivers/route.lua; safe to delete\n")
+  fh:write(("return { segment = %d, reason = %q, map = %q }\n")
+           :format(i, tostring(reason), tostring(ow().map.id)))
+  fh:close()
+  say(("checkpoint: saved at segment %d/%d on %s (%s) -- resume with "
+       .. "POKEPORT_ROUTE_RESUME=1"):format(i, #ROUTE, tostring(ow().map.id),
+                                            tostring(reason)))
+  return true
+end
+
+local function loadCheckpoint()
+  local chunk = loadfile(CHECKPOINT_PATH)
+  if not chunk then return nil end
+  local ok, data = pcall(chunk)
+  if not ok or type(data) ~= "table" or type(data.segment) ~= "number" then
+    return nil
+  end
+  return data
+end
+
+local function runRoute(startIndex)
+  local failures, skips = 0, 0
+  -- the last segment we actually ran: a blackout only shows up once we are
+  -- already at the heal point, so this is what the death gets attributed to
+  local lastRanMap
+  local diedOn = {} -- segment index -> deaths this attempt
+  -- segment index -> deaths in a row where training gained no levels.
+  -- Reported, not acted on: no death count writes off a segment any more.
+  -- A long barren streak means the grind cannot reach a training ground
+  -- from where we keep waking up, which is a bug to go and read, not a
+  -- reason to stop the run.
+  local barren = {}
+  -- Rewinding: each one must go strictly further back than the last, or a
+  -- pair of segments could bounce us between them forever.
+  local rewinds, rewindFloor = 0, #ROUTE + 1
+  -- Cross-map rescues spent getting un-lost. Capped for the same reason
+  -- rewinds are: travelling to the segment's map fixes being in the wrong
+  -- PLACE, and if we keep ending up lost anyway the problem is something
+  -- else and retrying the walk forever just burns the attempt quietly.
+  local travels = 0
+  -- Grinds owed but not yet spendable (see recoverFromBlackout): the death
+  -- happens in a gym, the wake-up is in a Poké Center, and the grass is
+  -- somewhere between the two.
+  local pendingGrind = 0
+  blackedOut = false -- each attempt starts from a fresh game
+
+  -- Recover from a blackout instead of throwing the run away.
+  --
+  -- We respawn at the last heal point, fully healed, so the only thing
+  -- missing is a way back. Rather than pathfind cross-map, hand the route
+  -- itself the job: rewind to the most recent segment that starts on the
+  -- map we woke up in, and let the normal waypoints walk us forward again.
+  -- That is usually a handful of segments, not a restart.
+  local function resumeIndexFor(i, mapId)
+    for j = i, 1, -1 do
+      if ROUTE[j].map == mapId then return j end
+    end
+  end
+
+  -- Returns the segment index to resume from, or nil to abandon the attempt.
+  function recoverFromBlackout(i, wokeOn, diedMap)
+    blackedOut = false
+    diedOn[i] = (diedOn[i] or 0) + 1
+
+    -- Losing the lab rival costs nothing in the original: the battle counts
+    -- either way (oaks_lab.lua sets EVENT_BATTLED_RIVAL_IN_OAKS_LAB on a
+    -- loss too), we keep the starter, and the story carries on. So the lab
+    -- has no work left for us and the honest resume is to step OVER it.
+    -- Rewinding onto it the way the generic path would walks back in to
+    -- re-run `talk` and a `battle` op that can no longer fire; restarting --
+    -- what this used to do -- threw the run away over a near-even level-5
+    -- mirror match we would only lose again just as often.
+    if diedMap == "OAKS_LAB" and ROUTE[i + 1] and ROUTE[i + 1].map == wokeOn then
+      say(("wiped to the lab rival -- the battle still counted, resuming from "
+           .. "segment %d/%d"):format(i + 1, #ROUTE))
+      return i + 1
+    end
+
+    -- Get out of the Poké Center before anything else.
+    --
+    -- A blackout leaves us INSIDE one, where no encounter can ever fire, so
+    -- training attempted from here reports "no wild encounters reachable on
+    -- <TOWN>_POKECENTER" and gains nothing -- every time, for every death.
+    -- Cerulean burned three deaths that way before declaring itself
+    -- hopeless. Step out first; the grind and the resume both want the town.
+    if tostring(wokeOn):find("POKECENTER") then
+      local out = findWarpTo("LAST_MAP") or findWarpTo("")
+      if out and walkOntoWarp(out.x, out.y) then wokeOn = ow().map.id end
+    end
+
+    -- Second death on the same segment: arriving healthy clearly is not
+    -- enough, so come back STRONGER rather than merely repeating the attempt.
+    --
+    -- Dying is a signal that we are underlevelled, and the answer to
+    -- underlevelled is levels: grind, heal, grind again, top up once more and
+    -- walk back in. A segment is NEVER abandoned for killing us, however
+    -- many times -- the run just keeps going back.
+    --
+    -- The grind runs every DEATHS_PER_GRIND deaths rather than on every one.
+    -- Retrying is cheap and the RNG alone wins plenty of fights that were
+    -- close; a grind session is minutes of walking in circles, so paying it
+    -- per death made a bad segment eat the whole run in training rather
+    -- than in attempts.
+    -- Gyms grind sooner than the rest of the route.
+    --
+    -- A route death is often just variance -- a bad crit, a trainer met at
+    -- the wrong HP -- and walking back is cheap, so ten tries before paying
+    -- for a grind is a fair trade there. A gym is not that: the roster is
+    -- fixed, we arrive healed every time, and there is no item to spend
+    -- before Pewter (Viridian Mart sells no POTION at all and the Pewter
+    -- shop is segment 28, AFTER Brock at 26). So a gym that beat us will
+    -- beat us again in the same way, and levels are the only variable we
+    -- control. Brock took seven deaths in a row at ten-per-grind, each one
+    -- a free walk back to the same loss.
+    local gymHere = tostring(ROUTE[i] and ROUTE[i].map):find("GYM") ~= nil
+    local everyN = gymHere and DEATHS_PER_GRIND_GYM or DEATHS_PER_GRIND
+    if diedOn[i] % everyN == 0 then
+      say(("segment %d/%d has killed us %dx this attempt -- training before "
+           .. "another try"):format(i, #ROUTE, diedOn[i]))
+      -- ask for more the more it has beaten us, capped so one bad segment
+      -- cannot eat the whole run
+      local want = math.min(diedOn[i] - 1, MAX_GRIND_LEVELS)
+      local gained = grindLevels(want, wokeOn)
+      -- Grinding MOVES us. gotoEncounterCell walks to the nearest cell that
+      -- can actually spawn something, and when the wake-up map has no wild
+      -- mons at all that means crossing into a neighbour -- "PEWTER_CITY
+      -- has no wild mons; crossing south into ROUTE_2". Everything below
+      -- decides where to resume from `wokeOn`, so leaving it stale resumes
+      -- onto a segment for the town while we are standing on the route:
+      -- "resuming from segment 29/197" followed immediately by "skipping
+      -- segment 29: expects PEWTER_CITY, on ROUTE_2", and then every
+      -- segment through Mt. Moon skipping in one burst.
+      wokeOn = ow().map.id
+      if blackedOut then
+        -- died while training: we are back at the heal point, which is where
+        -- we were going to resume from anyway. Clear it and carry on.
+        blackedOut = false
+        say("died while training")
+      end
+      if gained > 0 then
+        barren[i] = 0
+        say(("training done: %d level%s gained, healing before another try")
+            :format(gained, gained == 1 and "" or "s"))
+        -- the last top-up before walking back in; the nurse is free and we
+        -- are standing next to one
+        autoHeal(wokeOn, 1.0, true)
+      else
+        -- We wake in a Poké Center, where no encounter can fire, so this
+        -- often cannot grind HERE at all. Carry the intent and let the main
+        -- loop spend it on the first map with wild mons -- the grass the
+        -- route walks us back through.
+        barren[i] = (barren[i] or 0) + 1
+        pendingGrind = math.min((pendingGrind or 0) + 1, MAX_PENDING_GRINDS)
+        say(("training gained nothing (%d in a row); deferred to the next map "
+             .. "with wild encounters"):format(barren[i]))
+        -- Deliberately NOT a give-up. A segment is never written off for
+        -- killing us, however often: the run keeps trying, and a grind
+        -- session every DEATHS_PER_GRIND deaths is what changes the odds
+        -- between attempts. A grind that gains nothing is worth logging,
+        -- not worth ending a run over -- the training ground is often just
+        -- somewhere this recovery could not reach yet.
+      end
+    end
+
+    -- We respawn INSIDE a Poké Center, and the route walks *past* centres
+    -- far more often than through them -- only 3 of 197 segments are one.
+    -- So the map we wake up on is usually absent from the route entirely.
+    -- Step outside and resume from the city instead of giving up: this is
+    -- what made a death in Pewter Gym restart the whole run even though we
+    -- had already beaten Brock.
+    -- Step outside BEFORE choosing where to resume.
+    --
+    -- We always wake inside a Poké Center, and when the route happens to have
+    -- a segment for that town's centre, resumeIndexFor matches it and we
+    -- resume onto a step whose waypoints only make sense on the way IN. The
+    -- segment then walks straight back out, logs "left ... partway through;
+    -- re-syncing", and we die at the same place again: Cerulean looped
+    -- 40 -> die at 46 -> 40 with the failure count climbing 13, 16, 20, 24.
+    -- Resuming from the town is always the useful answer.
+    if tostring(wokeOn):find("POKECENTER") then
+      local out = findWarpTo("LAST_MAP") or findWarpTo("")
+      if out and walkOntoWarp(out.x, out.y) then wokeOn = ow().map.id end
+    end
+    local j = resumeIndexFor(i, wokeOn)
+    if not j then
+      local out = findWarpTo("LAST_MAP") or findWarpTo("")
+      if out and walkOntoWarp(out.x, out.y) then
+        wokeOn = ow().map.id
+        j = resumeIndexFor(i, wokeOn)
+      end
+    end
+    -- Resuming a LONG way back is worse than walking back.
+    --
+    -- resumeIndexFor picks the most recent segment starting on the map we
+    -- are standing on, which is fine when that is a step or two behind and
+    -- ruinous when it is not. Dying on ROUTE_9 (segment 76) and grinding
+    -- beforehand left us on ROUTE_4, whose most recent segment is 38 -- so
+    -- one death discarded thirty-eight segments, and everything from Mt.
+    -- Moon forward had to be replayed to get back to the fight that killed
+    -- us. Walking back to where we died costs minutes; replaying costs the
+    -- run. Only accept a rewind that is genuinely nearby.
+    if j and (i - j) > MAX_RESUME_REWIND then
+      say(("wiped on %s -- the nearest segment on %s is %d/%d, %d back; "
+           .. "walking to %s instead"):format(tostring(diedMap),
+          tostring(wokeOn), j, #ROUTE, i - j, ROUTE[i].map))
+      if travelTo(ROUTE[i].map, wokeOn) then return i end
+      say("the walk back failed; falling back to the rewind")
+    end
+    -- Nothing in the route starts where we woke up. Walk back to the map
+    -- the segment we died on wants and carry on from there -- the run is
+    -- never restarted or abandoned over a death, so this has to produce an
+    -- answer. Vermilion is the case that needs it: dying on ROUTE_6 wakes
+    -- us in VERMILION_POKECENTER, which no segment starts on.
+    if not j and travelTo(ROUTE[i].map, wokeOn) then
+      say(("wiped on %s, woke on %s with no segment there -- travelled back "
+           .. "to %s"):format(tostring(diedMap), tostring(wokeOn), ROUTE[i].map))
+      return i
+    end
+    if not j then
+      -- Even the walk failed. Retry the segment where we stand rather than
+      -- throwing the attempt away; the loop's own map-wait and the
+      -- lost-segment rescue get another go at re-syncing us.
+      say(("wiped on %s, woke on %s -- no segment starts there and the walk "
+           .. "back failed; retrying segment %d/%d anyway")
+          :format(tostring(diedMap), tostring(wokeOn), i, #ROUTE))
+      return i
+    end
+    say(("wiped on %s (now %dx) -- woke on %s, resuming from segment %d/%d "
+         .. "instead of restarting")
+        :format(tostring(diedMap), dangerAt(diedMap), tostring(wokeOn), j, #ROUTE))
+    return j
+  end
+
+  -- Every way an attempt can be written off funnels through here, so
+  -- POKEPORT_ROUTE_STOP_ON_STUCK covers deaths as well as lost-in-the-route
+  -- skips: checkpoint, then stop instead of replaying from Pallet Town.
+  -- Returns nil to stop the whole run, false to restart the attempt.
+  local function abandon(at, reason)
+    saveCheckpoint(at, reason)
+    if STOP_ON_STUCK then return nil end
+    return false
+  end
+
+  local i = (startIndex and startIndex > 1) and (startIndex - 1) or 0
+  while i < #ROUTE do
+    i = i + 1
+    local seg = ROUTE[i]
+    -- ops.fieldMove and the elevator handler read where the NEXT segment
+    -- wants us; set it up here so both can see it from the loop's top.
+    nextMapWanted = ROUTE[i + 1] and ROUTE[i + 1].map or nil
+
+    -- Standing in an elevator? Ride out to the floor we need, before the
+    -- map-wait can react to a bounce.
+    --
+    -- An elevator is entered two ways, and both end here: on purpose (the
+    -- route's segment 98), or by accident -- a floor's elevator-door warp
+    -- at (1,1) catching a goto mid-climb. Either way, an un-ridden car
+    -- oscillates on its default 1F exit (ELEVATOR <-> 1F forever), which is
+    -- what wedged the run at Celadon. Checking the PHYSICAL map, not
+    -- seg.map, catches the accidental case the seg.map-only check missed.
+    -- Ride to seg.map's own floor when we were mid-climb, or to the next
+    -- segment's floor when this segment IS the elevator.
+    if tostring(ow().map.id):find("ELEVATOR") then
+      local floor = tostring(seg.map):find("ELEVATOR") and nextMapWanted or seg.map
+      rideElevator("elevator", floor)
+      if tostring(seg.map):find("ELEVATOR") then goto nextSegment end
+    end
+
+    -- Once the essential Celadon Mart shopping is done, LEAVE.
+    --
+    -- The only things the mart is climbed for are the POKE_DOLL (4F, the
+    -- Marowak escape) and a drink (roof, the Saffron gates). After those,
+    -- the route's remaining mart segments -- 5F again, the elevator, 1F --
+    -- are pure descent, and they are a warp bounce-trap: the elevator drops
+    -- you onto the reciprocal warp and oscillates ELEVATOR <-> 1F forever.
+    -- So when both essentials are in the bag and we are still in the mart,
+    -- walk out to CELADON_CITY and jump to the segment that resumes there,
+    -- skipping the whole fragile descent.
+    local function hasDrink()
+      for _, d in ipairs({ "FRESH_WATER", "SODA_POP", "LEMONADE" }) do
+        if (heldCount(d) or 0) > 0 then return true end
+      end
+      return false
+    end
+    if tostring(seg.map):find("CELADON_MART")
+       and (heldCount("POKE_DOLL") or 0) > 0 and hasDrink() then
+      for j = i, math.min(i + 8, #ROUTE) do
+        if ROUTE[j].map == "CELADON_CITY" then
+          say(("Celadon Mart done (POKE_DOLL + drink) -- leaving to "
+               .. "CELADON_CITY, resuming segment %d/%d"):format(j, #ROUTE))
+          if travelTo("CELADON_CITY", seg.map) then i = j - 1 end
+          goto nextSegment
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    -- The route rides the Celadon elevator only to descend to 1F, and every
+    -- Celadon floor is joined by stairs, so the elevator is optional there
+    -- and a liability (see the bounce-trap note in mapGraph). If this
+    -- segment IS the elevator and we are not in it, skip it -- the next
+    -- segment's floor is reached by the stairs-based travelTo below.
+    if tostring(seg.map):find("CELADON_MART_ELEVATOR") then
+      goto nextSegment
+    end
+
+    -- Multi-floor interior: climb by stairs via travelTo, not the route's
+    -- per-floor gotos. Celadon Mart is six floors joined by up/down stairs
+    -- (and an elevator), and the route walks each floor by hand -- a path
+    -- that keeps stepping onto the wrong staircase or the elevator door and
+    -- desyncing, which is what skipped the ROOF and its Fresh Water (the
+    -- key to every Saffron gate). travelTo targets each specific stair warp
+    -- and climbs cleanly; the segment's own steps then handle the in-floor
+    -- shopping once we are on the right floor.
+    if ow().map.id ~= seg.map and tostring(seg.map):find("CELADON_MART") then
+      travelTo(seg.map, seg.map)
+    end
+
+    -- Wait for the map to actually be the one this segment describes.
+    --
+    -- PokeBotBad advances its path list on map CHANGE (action/walk.lua:91)
+    -- rather than by counting steps, and that difference matters: a warp
+    -- or a cutscene can still be in flight when the previous segment's
+    -- last waypoint lands. Oak's escort is the worst case -- it walks the
+    -- player from Pallet Town into the lab over many frames, so running
+    -- the lab segment immediately fires the starter pick and the rival
+    -- battle out in Pallet Town, where they silently do nothing. The
+    -- rival then never leaves, and blocks the route on the return visit.
+    if ow().map.id ~= seg.map then
+      for _ = 1, 240 do
+        if ow().map.id == seg.map then break end
+        if inBattle() then fightBattle()
+        elseif busy() then mashUntilIdle()
+        else U.wait(5) end
+      end
+    end
+    local here = ow().map.id
+    if here ~= seg.map then
+      -- Never run a segment's steps on the wrong map: the waypoints are
+      -- meaningless there and the interactions land on whatever happens
+      -- to be adjacent. Skip it and let a later segment re-sync.
+      -- A blackout is the one mismatch that will never re-sync: it drops us
+      -- at the heal point while the route points somewhere else, so every
+      -- remaining segment skips in one burst and the attempt reports a
+      -- full-length pass over nothing. End it here instead.
+      if blackedOut then
+        -- `here` is the heal point, not where we died -- blame the last
+        -- segment we actually ran, or the memory learns "Poké Center is
+        -- dangerous" and nothing useful.
+        recordDeath(lastRanMap)
+        local resumed = recoverFromBlackout(i, here, lastRanMap)
+        if not resumed then return abandon(i, "died too many times") end
+        i = resumed - 1 -- the loop's own i = i + 1 lands us on it
+        goto nextSegment
+      end
+      -- We are on a sub-map the route has finished with, and nothing walks
+      -- us out of it. Any map with a LAST_MAP warp is one we entered from
+      -- somewhere else, so that warp is the way back to a map the route
+      -- still has segments for.
+      --
+      -- Poké Centers are the case that made this obvious (a blackout or an
+      -- ESCAPE ROPE drops us in one), but they are not the only one:
+      -- VERMILION_DOCK strands us the same way. Its segment 68 is the single
+      -- step `goto (14,2)` -- the gangplank tile we are already standing on
+      -- when we disembark -- while the exit is warp 1 at (14,0), which the
+      -- route never mentions. The bot stood on the arrival tile and skipped
+      -- every remaining segment.
+      local wayOut = findWarpTo("LAST_MAP")
+      if wayOut then
+        local from = here
+        if walkOntoWarp(wayOut.x, wayOut.y) then
+          here = ow().map.id
+          say(("stepped out of %s onto %s"):format(tostring(from), tostring(here)))
+          if here == seg.map then
+            skips = 0
+            goto runSegment
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      say(("skipping segment %d/%d: expects %s, on %s")
+          :format(i, #ROUTE, seg.map, here))
+      failures = failures + 1
+      skips = skips + 1
+      -- Skipping is meant to step over a segment a cutscene carried us
+      -- past. A long unbroken run of them means we are lost, and carrying
+      -- on is actively dangerous: the route revisits maps, so segment 175
+      -- (the ENDGAME Viridian Gym) matches "VIRIDIAN_CITY" just as well as
+      -- segment 12 does. One desynced attempt did exactly that and spent
+      -- its remaining time walking a level-12 party into a gym locked
+      -- until seven badges.
+      if skips > MAX_CONSECUTIVE_SKIPS then
+        -- Rewind FURTHER before writing the attempt off.
+        --
+        -- Resuming lands us on a segment that merely *matches* the map we
+        -- woke on, which is not the same as one that LEADS anywhere: after
+        -- a Cerulean death the resume sat on CERULEAN_CITY while segments
+        -- 46+ wanted ROUTE_24, BILLS_HOUSE, VERMILION... and every one
+        -- skipped. The route already contains the walk we need -- it is
+        -- just earlier in the list. So step back to an earlier segment on
+        -- the map we are actually standing on and let the route drive us
+        -- forward again, rather than giving up on a run that is merely
+        -- pointed at the wrong entry.
+        local j
+        for k = math.min(rewindFloor, i) - 1, 1, -1 do
+          if ROUTE[k].map == here then j = k break end
+        end
+        if j and rewinds < MAX_REWINDS then
+          rewinds = rewinds + 1
+          rewindFloor = j
+          skips = 0
+          say(("lost on %s -- rewinding to segment %d/%d (rewind %d/%d) "
+               .. "instead of abandoning"):format(here, j, #ROUTE, rewinds,
+                                                  MAX_REWINDS))
+          i = j - 1
+          goto nextSegment
+        end
+        -- Last resort, AFTER the rewind has run out of ideas.
+        --
+        -- Ordering matters and was learned the hard way: this used to run
+        -- BEFORE the rewind, on the theory that walking to the segment's
+        -- map is more honest than replaying. It is -- but it is also a long
+        -- walk that MOVES us, and moving invalidates the rewind targets
+        -- behind it. A Mt. Moon attempt that the rewind alone had always
+        -- recovered instead travelled to MT_MOON_1F, failed to find the
+        -- B1F staircase, rewound from there and walked back out to ROUTE_4
+        -- worse off than it started. The rewind is cheap and proven; this
+        -- is neither, so it only gets the cases the rewind cannot take.
+        if travels < MAX_TRAVEL_RESCUES and travelTo(seg.map, here) then
+          travels = travels + 1
+          skips = 0
+          say(("travelled to %s -- resuming segment %d/%d (rescue %d/%d)")
+              :format(seg.map, i, #ROUTE, travels, MAX_TRAVEL_RESCUES))
+          i = i - 1
+          goto nextSegment
+        end
+        -- A failed travelTo still moves us -- it abandons the trip wherever
+        -- the last hop landed -- so report where we actually are.
+        here = ow().map.id
+        say(("lost: %d segments skipped in a row, abandoning attempt at %d/%d")
+            :format(skips, i, #ROUTE))
+        return abandon(i, ("lost on %s, expected %s"):format(here, seg.map))
+      end
+      goto nextSegment
+    end
+    ::runSegment::
+    skips = 0
+    lastRanMap = seg.map
+    -- Spend a deferred grind as soon as we are somewhere it can work.
+    if pendingGrind > 0 and G.data.encounters and G.data.encounters[seg.map] then
+      if grindALevel(seg.map) then
+        pendingGrind = 0
+      else
+        pendingGrind = pendingGrind - 1 -- do not keep retrying forever
+      end
+    end
+    -- About to walk into a gym: stop at the town's Poké Center first.
+    --
+    -- Two payoffs, and the second is the bigger one. It heals to full for
+    -- free, and the nurse writes the heal point (SetLastBlackoutMap), so a
+    -- loss respawns us next door instead of wherever we last healed. Without
+    -- this the bot arrived at Brock healthy, never touched Pewter's centre,
+    -- and its respawn was still VIRIDIAN -- so every Brock death cost a full
+    -- recrossing of Viridian Forest. It died to Brock on the first attempt in
+    -- three runs straight, and paid that walk each time.
+    -- RESTORED: the pre-gym Poké Center stop (allowCenter = true).
+    --
+    -- It was removed because the nurse writes the heal point and the route
+    -- TRAVELS by heal point: segment 72 leaves the Pokémon Fan Club with
+    -- `fieldMove dig`, DIG warps to the last Poké Center town, and the
+    -- route assumes that is Cerulean -- so topping up at Vermilion before
+    -- Surge silently retargeted the trip and stranded the run. The note
+    -- left here said the fix was "NOT to put this back as it was -- it is
+    -- to make the return trip independent of the heal point".
+    --
+    -- That is now done: ops.fieldMove re-targets DIG and FLY through
+    -- travelTo when the landing map is not what the next segment wants, so
+    -- where we last healed no longer steers the route. The precondition is
+    -- met, so the stop comes back.
+    --
+    -- It is worth real time. Without it the heal point stays wherever it
+    -- happened to be -- a ROUTE_3 death after Pewter woke us in VIRIDIAN
+    -- and cost a full re-crossing of Viridian Forest -- and gym losses
+    -- respawn a town behind instead of next door.
+    -- nextMapWanted is already set at the loop top (ops.fieldMove and the
+    -- elevator handler both read it); nextSeg here is just for the gym test.
+    local nextSeg = ROUTE[i + 1]
+    if nextSeg and tostring(nextSeg.map):find("GYM") then
+      -- Unconditional, NOT via autoHeal's threshold.
+      --
+      -- autoHeal only walks to a nurse when HP is under the bar, and we
+      -- arrive at gyms healthy -- so routing this through it did nothing at
+      -- all: PEWTER_GYM still killed us five times with VIRIDIAN as the
+      -- respawn, paying a re-crossing of Viridian Forest each time. The
+      -- heal is the smaller half of this stop; the heal POINT is the point.
+      visitPokeCenter(seg.map, true)
+      healAnchor = seg.map
+      autoHeal(seg.map, 0.95, true)
+    end
+    -- Keep the respawn near where we actually are.
+    --
+    -- A blackout warps to wLastBlackoutMap, and the nurse is the only thing
+    -- that moves it. Left alone it lags badly: with VERMILION as the last
+    -- centre, a death in ROCK_TUNNEL_B1F woke us there and resumed eight
+    -- segments back, replaying the Fan Club DIG and the whole underground
+    -- walk to Cerulean -- twice in a row, which is most of what a stalled
+    -- run is actually spending its time on.
+    --
+    -- Once per town, and only when we are ACTUALLY STANDING on that town.
+    --
+    -- The guard is `ow().map.id == seg.map`, and it is load-bearing, not
+    -- belt-and-braces. findWarpTo reads the CURRENT map, but the fire
+    -- condition keyed on seg.map -- so when a warp had bounced us onto a
+    -- different map than the segment expected, this dove into whatever
+    -- centre the map we happened to be standing on had. That is exactly how
+    -- it broke the S.S. Anne: boarding put us on the ship, an edge-warp
+    -- bounced us back to VERMILION_CITY, and this then marched into
+    -- Vermilion's Poké Center while the segment wanted SS_ANNE_1F, skipping
+    -- the entire ship -- and with it HM01 CUT, which the run needs 15
+    -- segments later to clear the Route 9 tree.
+    --
+    -- Re-anchoring is a convenience (cheaper deaths); it must never perturb
+    -- a segment that is mid-warp. On our own map with a centre, and not
+    -- already anchored here.
+    if ow().map.id == seg.map and healAnchor ~= seg.map
+       and findWarpTo("POKECENTER") then
+      local was = healAnchor
+      healAnchor = seg.map
+      say(("re-anchoring the heal point at %s (was %s)")
+          :format(seg.map, tostring(was)))
+      visitPokeCenter(seg.map, true)
+    end
+    -- The Indigo lobby is the one nurse with no POKECENTER warp -- we are
+    -- already standing in the building she works in. Anchor the respawn
+    -- here before the Elite Four: a loss otherwise wakes us a region away
+    -- (travelTo cannot re-cross Victory Road's boulder puzzles), and the
+    -- lobby segment is what a blackout resumes from, so the walk back to
+    -- Lorelei's door is the route's own steps. Restock while we are here:
+    -- five fights, no nurse between them, and the bag holds whatever
+    -- survived Victory Road.
+    if seg.map == "INDIGO_PLATEAU_LOBBY" and ow().map.id == seg.map then
+      if healAnchor ~= seg.map then
+        healAnchor = seg.map
+        say("re-anchoring the heal point at the Indigo lobby nurse")
+        talkToNurse(seg.map)
+      end
+      ops.shop({ list = "indigo" }, seg.map)
+    end
+    if centerCooldown > 0 then centerCooldown = centerCooldown - 1 end
+    -- the one place a nurse detour is safe: between segments, where the
+    -- next segment re-paths from wherever the warp left us
+    autoHeal(seg.map, riskThreshold(seg.map), true)
+
+    -- (Elevator handling now lives at the top of the loop, keyed on the
+    -- PHYSICAL map, so it catches both the intended arrival and an
+    -- accidental entry mid-climb. See there.)
+    for si, s in ipairs(seg.steps) do
+      if blackedOut or wiped() then
+        recordDeath(seg.map)
+        -- wait out the warp to the heal point before deciding where we are
+        for _ = 1, 240 do
+          if idle() and not inBattle() then break end
+          if inBattle() then fightBattle() else mashUntilIdle() end
+        end
+        local resumed = recoverFromBlackout(i, ow().map.id, seg.map)
+        if not resumed then return abandon(i, "died too many times") end
+        i = resumed - 1
+        goto nextSegment
+      end
+      -- A warp, a ledge hop or a gate shove can move us off this segment's
+      -- map partway through it. Its remaining waypoints are meaningless
+      -- here: out of bounds they look like the route's "leave by this edge"
+      -- idiom, so we spend the rest of the segment shoving Red into a
+      -- border -- e.g. Viridian's (20,35) run while still on ROUTE_1, which
+      -- pushes right into Route 1's east wall over and over. Stop and let
+      -- the map-wait at the top of the loop re-sync us.
+      if ow().map.id ~= seg.map then
+        say(("left %s partway through segment %d/%d (now on %s); re-syncing")
+            :format(seg.map, i, #ROUTE, ow().map.id))
+        failures = failures + 1
+        break
+      end
+      -- Re-check health before EVERY step, not just at the segment
+      -- boundary. Route trainers engage on sight as we walk past them --
+      -- they never come through ops.battle -- so a segment that began
+      -- healthy can still march a nearly-dead lead into a fight it cannot
+      -- flee (trainers refuse). Route 3 after Brock is exactly this: the
+      -- gauntlet IS the map, and the old per-segment check only looked
+      -- once, before the first of them.
+      autoHeal(seg.map, riskThreshold(seg.map))
+      local fn = ops[s.op == "goto" and "goto_" or s.op]
+      if not fn then
+        note("UNHANDLED:" .. s.op, seg.map)
+      else
+        -- ops receive whether this is the segment's final step; goto_ uses
+        -- it to decide a warp is an intended exit rather than an arrival tile
+        local ok = fn(s, seg.map, si == #seg.steps)
+        if ok == false then failures = failures + 1 end
+      end
+    end
+    if i % 10 == 0 then
+      say(("segment %d/%d  map=%s  failures=%d"):format(i, #ROUTE, ow().map.id, failures))
+    end
+    ::nextSegment::
+  end
+
+  say("---- route complete ----")
+  say(("segments: %d   failures: %d"):format(#ROUTE, failures))
+  return true
+end
+
+local function report()
+  local keys = {}
+  for k in pairs(skipped) do keys[#keys + 1] = k end
+  table.sort(keys)
+  if #keys > 0 then
+    say("skipped ops:")
+    for _, k in ipairs(keys) do say(("  %-40s x%d"):format(k, skipped[k])) end
+  end
+end
+
+return function(game)
+  G = game
+  loadMemory()
+  do
+    local known = {}
+    for map, n in pairs(deaths) do known[#known + 1] = ("%s x%d"):format(map, n) end
+    table.sort(known)
+    local wallCount = 0
+    for _, n in pairs(walls) do
+      if n >= WALL_CONFIRM then wallCount = wallCount + 1 end
+    end
+    if #known > 0 or wallCount > 0 then
+      say(("memory (%s): deaths %s; %d cells to route around")
+          :format(MEMORY_PATH,
+                  #known > 0 and table.concat(known, ", ") or "none", wallCount))
+    else
+      say("memory: empty -- first run, everything looks safe")
+    end
+  end
+  local attempts = tonumber(os.getenv("POKEPORT_ROUTE_ATTEMPTS")) or 5
+  -- Resume from a checkpoint instead of replaying from Pallet Town. Only
+  -- the first attempt resumes; if it fails again, the retries are honest
+  -- runs from the start.
+  local resume
+  if os.getenv("POKEPORT_ROUTE_RESUME") == "1" then
+    resume = loadCheckpoint()
+    if resume then
+      say(("resuming from checkpoint: segment %d/%d on %s (%s)")
+          :format(resume.segment, #ROUTE, tostring(resume.map),
+                  tostring(resume.reason)))
+    else
+      say("POKEPORT_ROUTE_RESUME=1 but no usable checkpoint; starting fresh")
+    end
+  end
+  for attempt = 1, attempts do
+    say(("==== attempt %d/%d ===="):format(attempt, attempts))
+    if attempt == 1 and resume then
+      local SaveData = require("src.core.SaveData")
+      local loaded, recovered = SaveData.load()
+      if loaded then
+        U.wait(5)
+        G:restoreSave(loaded, recovered)
+        U.wait(30)
+        mashUntilIdle()
+        local stopped = runRoute(resume.segment)
+        if stopped == nil then say("stopped at a checkpoint") break end
+        if stopped then say("run finished") break end
+        say("checkpoint attempt failed; starting a clean run")
+        resume = nil
+        goto nextAttempt
+      end
+      say("checkpoint save would not load; starting fresh")
+      resume = nil
+    end
+    if attempt > 1 then
+      -- power-cycle back to the title and start over, the way a speedrun
+      -- bot resets a dead run (Strategies.reset). Cheaper and far more
+      -- predictable than trying to re-sync the route from a heal point.
+      G:returnToTitle()
+      U.wait(60)
+    end
+    -- Start a genuinely NEW game.
+    --
+    -- U.newGame taps A on the title menu, which is only NEW GAME when no
+    -- save exists -- with one, CONTINUE is first and the tap loads it. The
+    -- checkpoint feature writes saves, so it silently turned every "clean"
+    -- run into a resume: a fresh run reported being lost at segment 9 while
+    -- standing in VERMILION_CITY, hundreds of segments from where it should
+    -- have been. Pick the row by label instead of trusting its position.
+    U.wait(5)
+    press("start")
+    U.wait(10)
+    press("a")
+    U.wait(10)
+    local title = top()
+    local newRow
+    for i, it in ipairs(title and title.items or {}) do
+      if it.label == "NEW GAME" then newRow = i break end
+    end
+    if newRow then
+      if cursorTo("index", newRow) then
+        press("a")
+        U.wait(10)
+      end
+      -- mash through Oak's speech and the naming presets
+      for _ = 1, 400 do
+        press("a")
+        U.wait(2)
+        if G.overworld and G.stack:top() == G.overworld then break end
+      end
+      U.wait(10)
+    else
+      say("title menu had no NEW GAME row; falling back to U.newGame")
+      U.newGame(game)
+    end
+    mashUntilIdle()
+    local result = runRoute()
+    if result == nil then say("stopped at a checkpoint") break end
+    if result then
+      say("run finished")
+      break
+    end
+    say("restarting after a wipe")
+    ::nextAttempt::
+  end
+  report()
+end
diff --git a/tests/mod_constants_tests.lua b/tests/mod_constants_tests.lua
index 78825fd7..00e75052 100644
--- a/tests/mod_constants_tests.lua
+++ b/tests/mod_constants_tests.lua
@@ -112,8 +112,8 @@ check(#Data.constants.hmMoves == 5 and Data.constants.hmMoves[1] == "CUT",
   "hmMoves seeded")
 
 local boot = Data.field.boot
-check(boot.startMap == "PALLET_TOWN" and boot.startX == 5 and boot.startY == 6
-  and boot.startFacing == "down", "field.boot seeded with the Pallet spawn")
+check(boot.startMap == "REDS_HOUSE_2F" and boot.startX == 3 and boot.startY == 6
+  and boot.startFacing == "down", "field.boot seeded with the NewGameWarp spawn")
 check(boot.playerName == "RED" and boot.rivalName == "BLUE"
   and boot.startMoney == 3000, "field.boot seeded with the Red new-game values")
 check(boot.namePresets.player[1] == "RED" and boot.namePresets.rival[1] == "BLUE",
@@ -312,16 +312,21 @@ check(#worldData.field.ledges == #Data.field.ledges,
 -- ------- field.boot changes the new game
 
 local vanillaSave = SaveData.newGame(Data.field.boot)
-check(vanillaSave.player.map == "PALLET_TOWN" and vanillaSave.player.x == 5
+-- special_warps.asm NewGameWarp is REDS_HOUSE_2F, 3, 6 -- the bedroom. This
+-- previously asserted PALLET_TOWN (5, 6), which is where you stand after
+-- walking out of the house, so a new game skipped Red's house entirely.
+check(vanillaSave.player.map == "REDS_HOUSE_2F" and vanillaSave.player.x == 3
   and vanillaSave.player.y == 6 and vanillaSave.player.facing == "down",
-  "the seeded boot config reproduces the Pallet spawn")
+  "the seeded boot config reproduces the NewGameWarp bedroom spawn")
 check(vanillaSave.player.name == "RED" and vanillaSave.player.rival == "BLUE"
   and vanillaSave.money == 3000, "the seeded boot config reproduces the Red start")
+-- the heal point is deliberately NOT the spawn: wLastBlackoutMap is
+-- zero-filled at new game and PALLET_TOWN is map 0
 check(vanillaSave.lastHeal.map == "PALLET_TOWN" and vanillaSave.lastHeal.x == 5
-  and vanillaSave.lastHeal.y == 6, "heal point defaults to the spawn")
+  and vanillaSave.lastHeal.y == 6, "blackouts return to Pallet Town, not the spawn")
 -- an absent config is still the vanilla new game
 local bareSave = SaveData.newGame()
-check(bareSave.player.map == "PALLET_TOWN" and bareSave.money == 3000
+check(bareSave.player.map == "REDS_HOUSE_2F" and bareSave.money == 3000
   and bareSave.lastHeal.map == "PALLET_TOWN",
   "newGame without a boot config is unchanged")
 
@@ -355,7 +360,7 @@ check(bootData.field.boot.screens.title == "TitleState",
 check(bootData.field.hiddenItems.CERULEAN_CAVE_1F ~= nil
   and #bootData.field.flyOrder == #Data.field.flyOrder,
   "sibling field keys are intact after a boot patch")
-check(Data.field.boot.startMap == "PALLET_TOWN",
+check(Data.field.boot.startMap == "REDS_HOUSE_2F",
   "the boot merge never touched the live Data")
 
 -- the save table is a copy: writing to it cannot reach back into Data
diff --git a/tests/mod_ui_tests.lua b/tests/mod_ui_tests.lua
index de8ab760..f023ead6 100644
--- a/tests/mod_ui_tests.lua
+++ b/tests/mod_ui_tests.lua
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ end
 local om = OptionsMenu.new(optGame())
 local WANT_IDS = { "textSpeed", "animations", "battleStyle", "ruleset",
                    "musicVol", "sfxVol", "musicFilter", "colors", "tilt",
-                   "gbcfx", "mods", "controls" }
+                   "gbcfx", "speed", "mods", "controls" }
 check(#om.rows == #WANT_IDS, "vanilla options row count (plus MODS/CONTROLS)")
 for i, id in ipairs(WANT_IDS) do
   check(om.rows[i].id == id, "options row order: " .. id)
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ check(om.game.save.options.musicVol == 0, "music volume clamps at 0")
 -- the MODS row is the manager's discoverable home
 local mgGame = optGame()
 om = OptionsMenu.new(mgGame)
-om.rows[11].activate(mgGame)
+om.rows[12].activate(mgGame)
 check(getmetatable(mgGame.stack:top()) == ManagerState,
   "the MODS row opens the manager")
 check(mgGame.stack:top().screenId == "ManagerState",
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ check(mgGame.stack:top().screenId == "ManagerState",
 local BindingsMenu = require("src.ui.BindingsMenu")
 local cbGame = optGame()
 om = OptionsMenu.new(cbGame)
-om.rows[12].activate(cbGame)
+om.rows[13].activate(cbGame)
 local bm = cbGame.stack:top()
 check(getmetatable(bm) == BindingsMenu,
   "the CONTROLS row opens the rebind list")
diff --git a/tests/parity_ball_miss.lua b/tests/parity_ball_miss.lua
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6ae5a5d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/parity_ball_miss.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+-- Parity test: a wild battle always returns to the action menu after a
+-- POKé BALL fails to catch.
+--
+-- BattleState's message pump only leaves the "messages" phase through
+-- afterQueue:
+--
+--   if self.phase == "messages" then
+--     if not self:updateQueue() then
+--       if self.afterQueue == "menu" then self.phase = "menu"
+--       elseif self.afterQueue == "finish" then self:finish() end
+--     end
+--     return
+--   end
+--
+-- so a drained queue with afterQueue set to anything else -- or to nothing
+-- -- parks the battle in "messages" for good.  Nothing on screen is
+-- waiting, no input advances it, and the encounter can never end.
+--
+-- Found by the route driver, which reported it precisely once it was made
+-- to give up rather than spin: "catch: livelocked on ROUTE_6 after 1201
+-- iterations (steps=81, thrown=6, inBattle=true, phase=messages)".  Six
+-- balls thrown, battle still live, phase stuck.  Before the guard it span
+-- 10,229 times on one ODDISH and pinned the whole run.
+--
+-- Self-contained; run via `luajit tests/parity_ball_miss.lua`.
+package.path = "./?.lua;./?/init.lua;" .. package.path
+if not _G.love then _G.love = require("tests.love_stub") end
+local S = require("tests.harness").suite("parity ball miss")
+local check, eq = S.check, S.eq
+
+-- Drive the phase machine the way BattleState:update does, with a queue
+-- that drains.  The decision under test is what the phase becomes when the
+-- queue empties, so the queue's contents do not matter -- only afterQueue.
+local function pump(afterQueue, queued)
+  local b = {
+    phase = "messages",
+    afterQueue = afterQueue,
+    queue = queued or {},
+    finished = false,
+  }
+  b.updateQueue = function(self)
+    if #self.queue > 0 then table.remove(self.queue, 1) return true end
+    return false
+  end
+  b.finish = function(self) self.finished = true end
+  -- the real update()'s messages branch, verbatim
+  for _ = 1, 50 do
+    if b.phase == "messages" then
+      if not b:updateQueue() then
+        if b.afterQueue == "menu" then
+          b.phase = "menu"
+        elseif b.afterQueue == "finish" then
+          b:finish()
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  return b
+end
+
+-- The contract: "menu" and "finish" both leave the messages phase.
+eq(pump("menu").phase, "menu", "afterQueue=menu returns to the action menu")
+check(pump("finish").finished, "afterQueue=finish ends the battle")
+
+-- ...and anything else is the livelock.  This is the assertion that would
+-- have caught it: a drained queue with no afterQueue never leaves
+-- "messages", so the battle is unreachable by any input.
+local stuck = pump(nil, { {}, {}, {} })
+eq(stuck.phase, "messages", "afterQueue=nil is the stuck state (documented)")
+check(#stuck.queue == 0, "the queue really did drain -- nothing is pending")
+
+-- The real thing: openItems -> throwBall -> miss must leave afterQueue as
+-- "menu" the whole way through, since throwBall itself never sets it.
+local BattleState = require("src.battle.BattleState")
+local openItems = BattleState.openItems
+local fake = {
+  queue = {},
+  say = function(self, t) table.insert(self.queue, { text = t }) end,
+  act = function(self, f) table.insert(self.queue, { fn = f }) end,
+  ui = function(self, f) table.insert(self.queue, { ui = f }) end,
+  buildScreen = function() return {} end,
+}
+openItems(fake)
+eq(fake.phase, "messages", "openItems parks the battle in the messages phase")
+eq(fake.afterQueue, "menu", "openItems arms afterQueue=menu before the bag")
+check(#fake.queue == 1 and fake.queue[1].ui ~= nil,
+      "openItems queues the bag as a ui item")
+
+S.finish()
diff --git a/tests/parity_double_faint.lua b/tests/parity_double_faint.lua
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c8ceb7cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/parity_double_faint.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+-- Parity test: losing your last POKéMON always blacks you out, even when
+-- the battle was already decided in your favour.
+--
+-- A double faint -- the lead dying to residual damage on the same turn it
+-- lands the KO -- used to leave BattleState:playerMonFainted at its
+-- "the battle is decided" guard, so it returned with result = "win" still
+-- set.  OverworldState:afterBattle only revives the party and warps to the
+-- heal point on "lose" (src/world/OverworldController.lua), so the player
+-- was handed back to the overworld standing on the map with every POKéMON
+-- at 0 HP.  Nothing recovers from that: BattleState refuses to start an
+-- encounter with no healthy party ("wild battle with no healthy party;
+-- skipping"), so the save is bricked in place.
+--
+-- pokered cannot reach that state -- HandlePlayerMonFainted runs the
+-- player-side check on its own account, so being out of useable POKéMON
+-- blacks you out whatever happened to the enemy.
+--
+-- Found by the automated route driver: an attempt spent its whole length
+-- "wiping" on VIRIDIAN_FOREST fourteen times without ever moving, because
+-- the party was dead but the game had never blacked out.
+-- Self-contained; run via `luajit tests/parity_double_faint.lua`.
+package.path = "./?.lua;./?/init.lua;" .. package.path
+if not _G.love then _G.love = require("tests.love_stub") end
+local BattleState = require("src.battle.BattleState")
+local S = require("tests.harness").suite("parity double faint")
+local check, eq = S.check, S.eq
+
+-- A stand-in carrying only what playerMonFainted touches.  Deliberately not
+-- a real battle: the point is the decision, and a full encounter would need
+-- a loaded Data, an RNG and a queue to say nothing more than this does.
+local function battleWith(partyHP, result)
+  local party = {}
+  for i, hp in ipairs(partyHP) do
+    party[i] = { species = "SQUIRTLE", hp = hp, stats = { hp = 20 } }
+  end
+  return {
+    kind = "wild",
+    result = result,
+    afterQueue = nil,
+    said = {},
+    -- the reserves-left path reads the "Use next POKéMON?" prompt off Data
+    data = { text = { _UseNextMonText = "Use next POKéMON?" } },
+    game = { save = { party = party, player = { name = "RED" } } },
+    sayNext = function(self, m) self.said[#self.said + 1] = m end,
+    say = function(self, m) self.said[#self.said + 1] = m end,
+    ui = function() end,
+  }
+end
+
+local function saidBlackout(b)
+  for _, m in ipairs(b.said) do
+    if tostring(m):find("blacked") then return true end
+  end
+  return false
+end
+
+-- The regression itself: a won battle whose last mon died with it.
+do
+  local b = battleWith({ 0 }, "win")
+  BattleState.playerMonFainted(b)
+  eq(b.result, "lose", "a win with the last mon dead becomes a blackout")
+  eq(b.afterQueue, "finish", "the blackout ends the battle")
+  check(saidBlackout(b), "the blackout text still prints on a double faint")
+end
+
+-- Same for the other non-lose results, so no path can strand the party.
+for _, result in ipairs({ "run", "caught" }) do
+  local b = battleWith({ 0 }, result)
+  BattleState.playerMonFainted(b)
+  eq(b.result, "lose", ("a %q result with no healthy party becomes a blackout")
+                       :format(result))
+end
+
+-- An undecided battle keeps behaving exactly as before.
+do
+  local b = battleWith({ 0 }, nil)
+  BattleState.playerMonFainted(b)
+  eq(b.result, "lose", "the ordinary last-mon faint still blacks out")
+  check(saidBlackout(b), "and still prints the blackout text")
+end
+
+-- The guard must not fire while something is still standing: a won battle
+-- with a healthy reserve stays won, and the fainted-mon flow is untouched.
+do
+  local b = battleWith({ 0, 15 }, "win")
+  BattleState.playerMonFainted(b)
+  eq(b.result, "win", "a win with a healthy reserve is still a win")
+  check(not saidBlackout(b), "and prints no blackout text")
+end
+
+-- Already lost: no second helping of the blackout text.
+do
+  local b = battleWith({ 0 }, "lose")
+  BattleState.playerMonFainted(b)
+  eq(b.result, "lose", "an already-lost battle stays lost")
+  eq(#b.said, 0, "and does not re-announce the blackout")
+end
+
+-- A mid-battle faint with reserves left is the wild "Use next POKéMON?"
+-- prompt (DoUseNextMonDialogue), not a blackout -- the path the guard
+-- sits in front of, so prove it still runs.
+do
+  local b = battleWith({ 0, 15 }, nil)
+  BattleState.playerMonFainted(b)
+  eq(b.result, nil, "a faint with reserves left does not decide the battle")
+  check(not saidBlackout(b), "and does not black out")
+end
+
+S.finish()
diff --git a/tests/parity_marowak.lua b/tests/parity_marowak.lua
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d3d957ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/parity_marowak.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+-- Parity test: the ghost MAROWAK battle opens with NO Silph Scope check
+-- at the trigger, and the Poke Doll escape counts as defeating it.
+--
+-- PokemonTower6FDefaultScript (scripts/PokemonTower6F.asm) fires on
+-- (10,16), shows _PokemonTower6FBeGoneText, and starts the RESTLESS SOUL
+-- battle unconditionally -- the SILPH_SCOPE is only consulted inside the
+-- battle (IsGhostBattle: disguised sprite, "too scared to move", balls
+-- dodged). Our port used to turn the player back without the scope and
+-- never open the battle, which made 6F impassable on any route that skips
+-- Rocket Hideout -- including the speedrun route the bot follows, whose
+-- answer to the MAROWAK is a POKE_DOLL, not the scope.
+--
+-- The doll works because of wBattleResult: the battle script's
+-- "and a / jr nz .did_not_defeat" reads 0 as "defeated". Losing writes $1
+-- and running writes $2, but ItemUsePokeDoll ends the battle without
+-- touching it -- so the doll escape reads as a win and sets
+-- EVENT_BEAT_GHOST_MAROWAK. BagMenu marks that escape as
+-- battle.pokeDollEscape; the 6F script keys on it.
+--
+-- Self-contained; run via `luajit tests/parity_marowak.lua`.
+package.path = "./?.lua;./?/init.lua;" .. package.path
+if not _G.love then _G.love = require("tests.love_stub") end
+local S = require("tests.harness").suite("parity ghost marowak")
+local check, eq = S.check, S.eq
+
+-- Real TextBoxes want a Font atlas; the decision under test is which
+-- branch runs, not how the text renders.
+package.loaded["src.render.TextBox"] = {
+  new = function(_, text, done) return { text = text, done = done } end,
+}
+
+-- A recording stand-in for BattleState: newWild captures the species and
+-- level, makeGhost sets the flag the real one sets, and the test drives
+-- onFinish by hand.
+local madeBattles = {}
+package.loaded["src.battle.BattleState"] = {
+  newWild = function(_, species, level)
+    local b = { species = species, level = level, ghost = false }
+    b.makeGhost = function(self) self.ghost = true end
+    madeBattles[#madeBattles + 1] = b
+    return b
+  end,
+}
+
+local M = dofile("data/scripts/story3.lua")
+local tower = M.POKEMON_TOWER_6F
+check(tower ~= nil and tower.onStep ~= nil, "POKEMON_TOWER_6F has a step trigger")
+
+local function gameWith(inventory, flags)
+  local pushed = {}
+  return {
+    save = { inventory = inventory or {}, flags = flags or {} },
+    data = { text = {} },
+    stack = { push = function(_, box) pushed[#pushed + 1] = box end },
+  }, pushed
+end
+
+local function owWith()
+  local moved, after = {}, {}
+  return {
+    player = { facing = "up" },
+    scriptMove = function(_, _, dir, n) moved[#moved + 1] = { dir, n } end,
+    afterBattle = function(_, result) after[#after + 1] = result end,
+  }, moved, after
+end
+
+-- Walk the trigger: run onStep, then the Be-gone text's done() to push
+-- the battle. Returns the battle object (or nil).
+local function trigger(game, pushed, ow, x, y)
+  local before = #madeBattles
+  local fired = tower.onStep(game, ow, x, y)
+  if not fired then return nil, fired end
+  local box = pushed[#pushed]
+  check(box ~= nil and box.done ~= nil, "the Be-gone text is pushed first")
+  box.done()
+  return madeBattles[#madeBattles], fired, #madeBattles > before
+end
+
+-- ---- 1. fires only on (10,16), only while the event is unset ------------
+do
+  local game, pushed = gameWith()
+  local ow = owWith()
+  check(not tower.onStep(game, ow, 10, 15), "no trigger off the coord")
+  check(not tower.onStep(game, ow, 9, 16), "no trigger off the coord (x)")
+  eq(0, #pushed, "nothing pushed off the coord")
+end
+do
+  local game = gameWith({}, { EVENT_BEAT_GHOST_MAROWAK = true })
+  local ow = owWith()
+  check(not tower.onStep(game, ow, 10, 16),
+        "a departed MAROWAK never re-triggers")
+end
+
+-- ---- 2. NO scope: the battle still opens, disguised as a ghost ----------
+do
+  local game, pushed = gameWith({})
+  local ow = owWith()
+  local battle, fired, created = trigger(game, pushed, ow, 10, 16)
+  check(fired, "trigger fires without the SILPH_SCOPE")
+  check(created and battle ~= nil,
+        "the battle OPENS without the scope (vanilla; the old port turned back)")
+  eq("MAROWAK", battle.species, "the opponent is the MAROWAK")
+  eq(30, battle.level, "at level 30")
+  check(battle.ghost, "and it is ghost-disguised without the scope")
+end
+
+-- ---- 3. scope: same battle, not disguised -------------------------------
+do
+  local game, pushed = gameWith({ SILPH_SCOPE = 1 })
+  local ow = owWith()
+  local battle = trigger(game, pushed, ow, 10, 16)
+  check(battle ~= nil and not battle.ghost,
+        "with the scope the battle is not a ghost")
+end
+
+-- ---- 4. a win sets the event and shows the departed text ----------------
+do
+  local game, pushed = gameWith({})
+  local ow, moved, after = owWith()
+  local battle = trigger(game, pushed, ow, 10, 16)
+  battle.onFinish("win")
+  check(game.save.flags.EVENT_BEAT_GHOST_MAROWAK, "win sets the event")
+  eq(0, #moved, "no shove after a win")
+  eq("win", after[#after], "afterBattle still runs")
+end
+
+-- ---- 5. the Poke Doll escape counts as a win (wBattleResult trick) ------
+do
+  local game, pushed = gameWith({})
+  local ow, moved = owWith()
+  local battle = trigger(game, pushed, ow, 10, 16)
+  battle.pokeDollEscape = true
+  battle.onFinish("run")
+  check(game.save.flags.EVENT_BEAT_GHOST_MAROWAK,
+        "the doll escape sets EVENT_BEAT_GHOST_MAROWAK")
+  eq(0, #moved, "and does not shove the player")
+end
+
+-- ---- 6. an ordinary flee does NOT count, and steps you right ------------
+do
+  local game, pushed = gameWith({})
+  local ow, moved = owWith()
+  local battle = trigger(game, pushed, ow, 10, 16)
+  battle.onFinish("run")
+  check(not game.save.flags.EVENT_BEAT_GHOST_MAROWAK,
+        "running away leaves the MAROWAK standing")
+  eq(1, #moved, "and walks the player off the trigger")
+  eq("right", moved[1] and moved[1][1], ".did_not_defeat steps RIGHT")
+end
+
+-- ---- 7. a loss neither sets the event nor shoves (blackout handles it) --
+do
+  local game, pushed = gameWith({})
+  local ow, moved = owWith()
+  local battle = trigger(game, pushed, ow, 10, 16)
+  battle.onFinish("lose")
+  check(not game.save.flags.EVENT_BEAT_GHOST_MAROWAK, "a loss does not clear it")
+  eq(0, #moved, "no scripted step on a loss")
+end
+
+S.finish()
diff --git a/tests/parity_mart_stock.lua b/tests/parity_mart_stock.lua
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1d176f17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/parity_mart_stock.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+-- Parity test: mart inventories match pokered, and every item the route
+-- driver tries to buy is actually on that mart's shelf.
+--
+-- Two failures in one, and the second is the one that bit.
+--
+-- Our extracted mart data was right all along -- VermilionMartClerkText is
+-- POKE_BALL, SUPER_POTION, ICE_HEAL, AWAKENING, PARLYZ_HEAL, REPEL
+-- (data/items/marts.asm:17), and that is exactly what we import. The route
+-- driver's shopping list asked for plain POTION there, which Vermilion has
+-- never sold. buyItem logged "shop: no POTION @ VERMILION_MART" into the
+-- end-of-run summary and returned, so the bot left town with no healing at
+-- all and then died nine times in Surge's gym and five more around
+-- Cerulean, every fight taken at whatever HP the last nurse had left it.
+--
+-- A shopping list that names an unstocked item cannot work, and nothing
+-- else in the run reports it loudly enough to notice. This asserts the
+-- lists against the data instead.
+--
+-- Self-contained; run via `luajit tests/parity_mart_stock.lua`.
+package.path = "./?.lua;./?/init.lua;" .. package.path
+if not _G.love then _G.love = require("tests.love_stub") end
+local S = require("tests.harness").suite("parity mart stock")
+local check, eq = S.check, S.eq
+
+local T = dofile("data/generated/text_pointers.lua")
+
+-- MAP_NAME -> text-pointer group ("CELADON_MART_4F" -> "CeladonMart4F")
+local function groupOf(map)
+  local s = ""
+  for part in tostring(map):gmatch("[^_]+") do
+    if part:match("^%d") then
+      s = s .. part:upper()
+    else
+      s = s .. part:sub(1, 1):upper() .. part:sub(2):lower()
+    end
+  end
+  return s
+end
+
+-- every item sold on a map, across all its clerks
+local function stockFor(map)
+  local group = T[groupOf(map)]
+  if not group then return nil end
+  local set, any = {}, false
+  for _, v in pairs(group) do
+    if type(v) == "table" and v.mart then
+      for _, id in ipairs(v.mart) do set[id] = true; any = true end
+    end
+  end
+  return any and set or nil
+end
+
+-- ---- 1. our extracted stock matches pokered's marts.asm -----------------
+-- Spot-checks transcribed from data/items/marts.asm; the Vermilion row is
+-- the one the driver got wrong, so it is pinned exactly.
+local POKERED = {
+  VERMILION_MART = { "POKE_BALL", "SUPER_POTION", "ICE_HEAL", "AWAKENING",
+                     "PARLYZ_HEAL", "REPEL" },
+  PEWTER_MART = { "POKE_BALL", "POTION", "ESCAPE_ROPE", "ANTIDOTE",
+                  "BURN_HEAL", "AWAKENING", "PARLYZ_HEAL" },
+  LAVENDER_MART = { "GREAT_BALL", "SUPER_POTION", "REVIVE", "ESCAPE_ROPE",
+                    "SUPER_REPEL", "ANTIDOTE", "BURN_HEAL", "ICE_HEAL",
+                    "PARLYZ_HEAL" },
+}
+for map, want in pairs(POKERED) do
+  local sold = stockFor(map)
+  check(sold ~= nil, map .. " has mart data")
+  if sold then
+    for _, id in ipairs(want) do
+      check(sold[id], ("%s stocks %s (marts.asm)"):format(map, id))
+    end
+  end
+end
+-- and the absence that caused the bug
+check(not (stockFor("VERMILION_MART") or {}).POTION,
+      "VERMILION_MART sells SUPER_POTION and NOT plain POTION")
+
+-- ---- 2. every driver shopping list is actually stocked ------------------
+-- Mirrors SHOP_STOCK in tests/drivers/route.lua. Kept as a literal rather
+-- than reached into the driver, which needs a live Game to load.
+local SHOP_STOCK = {
+  viridianBalls = { "POKE_BALL", "ANTIDOTE", "PARLYZ_HEAL" },
+  pewter        = { "ESCAPE_ROPE", "POTION" },
+  vermilion     = { "SUPER_POTION", "POKE_BALL" },
+  repels        = { "SUPER_POTION" },
+  buffs         = {},
+  pokeDoll      = { "POKE_DOLL" },
+  tm07 = {}, vending = {}, water = {},
+}
+
+local R = dofile("tests/drivers/bot_route.lua")
+local checked = 0
+for i, seg in ipairs(R) do
+  for _, step in ipairs(seg.steps) do
+    if step.op == "shop" then
+      local list = SHOP_STOCK[step.list]
+      -- an unknown list name would silently fall back to POTION at runtime
+      check(list ~= nil,
+            ("segment %d: shop list %q is known to the driver")
+              :format(i, tostring(step.list)))
+      local sold = stockFor(seg.map)
+      for _, id in ipairs(list or {}) do
+        checked = checked + 1
+        check(sold and sold[id],
+              ("segment %d: %s sells %s"):format(i, seg.map, id))
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+check(checked > 0, "the route actually contains shop steps to check")
+
+S.finish()
diff --git a/tests/parity_saffron_gate.lua b/tests/parity_saffron_gate.lua
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f3a07e00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/parity_saffron_gate.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+-- Parity test: the Saffron gate guards take the drink from the COORD
+-- TRIGGER, not only when talked to.
+--
+-- Route5GateDefaultScript (scripts/Route5Gate.asm) runs
+--
+--     farcall RemoveGuardDrink
+--     ldh a, [hItemToRemoveID]
+--     and a
+--     jr nz, .have_drink
+--
+-- before it decides anything, so simply stepping onto the trigger while
+-- carrying FRESH_WATER / SODA_POP / LEMONADE hands it over and sets
+-- BIT_GAVE_SAFFRON_GUARDS_DRINK.  Only a player carrying none of the three
+-- gets the "Gee, I'm thirsty" line and the walk-back.
+--
+-- Our port had the removal on the guard's talk handler alone, so walking up
+-- with a drink in the bag was turned away and all four gates stayed shut
+-- unless the player happened to talk to him -- which vanilla never asks
+-- for.  Saffron is the middle of the map, so this sealed the city: Celadon
+-- <-> Lavender and the short Vermilion <-> Cerulean crossing both route
+-- through it, and the route bot could not reach Lavender for the POKE_FLUTE
+-- at all ("travelTo: no route to MR_FUJIS_HOUSE").
+--
+-- Self-contained; run via `luajit tests/parity_saffron_gate.lua`.
+package.path = "./?.lua;./?/init.lua;" .. package.path
+if not _G.love then _G.love = require("tests.love_stub") end
+local S = require("tests.harness").suite("parity saffron gate")
+local check, eq = S.check, S.eq
+
+-- The gate pushes real TextBoxes, which want a loaded Font atlas; the
+-- decision under test is which branch runs, not how the text renders.
+package.loaded["src.render.TextBox"] = {
+  new = function(_, text, done) return { text = text, done = done } end,
+}
+
+local M = dofile("data/scripts/story2.lua")
+
+-- Enough of a game for the gate's onStep: an inventory, flags, a stack that
+-- records what was pushed, and a player that records being shoved back.
+local function gameWith(inventory)
+  local pushed, moved = {}, {}
+  return {
+    save = { inventory = inventory, flags = {} },
+    data = { text = {} },
+    stack = { push = function(_, box) pushed[#pushed + 1] = box end },
+    _pushed = pushed,
+    _moved = moved,
+  }, pushed, moved
+end
+
+local function owWith(moved)
+  return {
+    player = { facing = "up" },
+    scriptMove = function(_, _, dir, n) moved[#moved + 1] = { dir, n } end,
+  }
+end
+
+-- ROUTE_5_GATE's trigger cells are (3,3) and (4,3) (.PlayerInCoordsArray).
+local gate = M.ROUTE_5_GATE
+check(gate ~= nil and gate.onStep ~= nil, "ROUTE_5_GATE has a coord trigger")
+
+-- Carrying a drink: the trigger takes it and lets us through.
+for _, drink in ipairs({ "FRESH_WATER", "SODA_POP", "LEMONADE" }) do
+  local game, pushed, moved = gameWith({ [drink] = 1 })
+  local ow = owWith(moved)
+  local handled = gate.onStep(game, ow, 3, 3)
+  check(handled, drink .. ": stepping on the trigger is handled")
+  check(game.save.flags.EVENT_GAVE_GUARDS_DRINK,
+        drink .. ": the guards are marked as having been given a drink")
+  eq(game.save.inventory[drink], nil, drink .. ": exactly one was removed")
+  check(#pushed == 1, drink .. ": the thanks text is shown")
+  check(#moved == 0, drink .. ": we are NOT walked back")
+end
+
+-- Only ONE drink is taken, even holding several.
+do
+  local game = gameWith({ FRESH_WATER = 2, LEMONADE = 1 })
+  gate.onStep(game, owWith({}), 3, 3)
+  eq(game.save.inventory.FRESH_WATER, 1, "only one drink is consumed")
+  eq(game.save.inventory.LEMONADE, 1, "the other drinks are untouched")
+end
+
+-- Carrying nothing: thirsty line, and we get walked back the way we came.
+do
+  local game, pushed, moved = gameWith({})
+  local ow = owWith(moved)
+  local handled = gate.onStep(game, ow, 3, 3)
+  check(handled, "no drink: the trigger still fires")
+  check(not game.save.flags.EVENT_GAVE_GUARDS_DRINK,
+        "no drink: the flag is NOT set")
+  check(#pushed == 1, "no drink: the thirsty text is shown")
+  -- the shove happens when the text box closes, not while it is up
+  if pushed[1] and pushed[1].done then pushed[1].done() end
+  check(#moved == 1 and moved[1][1] == "down",
+        "no drink: we are walked back the way we came")
+end
+
+-- Once given, the gate is open for good and stops triggering.
+do
+  local game, pushed = gameWith({})
+  game.save.flags.EVENT_GAVE_GUARDS_DRINK = true
+  eq(gate.onStep(game, owWith({}), 3, 3), false,
+     "after the drink the trigger no longer blocks")
+  check(#pushed == 0, "and shows nothing")
+end
+
+-- Cells that are not trigger cells are ignored.
+do
+  local game = gameWith({ FRESH_WATER = 1 })
+  eq(gate.onStep(game, owWith({}), 9, 9), false, "a non-trigger cell is ignored")
+  eq(game.save.inventory.FRESH_WATER, 1, "and takes no drink")
+end
+
+-- All four gates carry the same behaviour -- one drink opens every one.
+for _, id in ipairs({ "ROUTE_5_GATE", "ROUTE_6_GATE",
+                      "ROUTE_7_GATE", "ROUTE_8_GATE" }) do
+  check(M[id] and M[id].onStep, id .. " has the guard trigger")
+end
+
+S.finish()
diff --git a/tests/parity_stale_npc.lua b/tests/parity_stale_npc.lua
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b0eac507
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/parity_stale_npc.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+-- Regression: a plan must never be blocked by another map's NPCs.
+--
+-- The route driver's BFS treats every entity as a wall, keyed by a folded
+-- cell id (`y * width + x`). A warp swaps the map id before the entity list
+-- is rebuilt, so a plan made in that window sees the PREVIOUS map's NPCs --
+-- and folding hides how wrong that is. On an 8-wide gate, a forest NPC at
+-- (16,43) folds to 43*8+16 = 360, which is a perfectly ordinary cell of the
+-- gate; the wall lands somewhere innocent and nothing looks amiss.
+--
+-- Observed as: "goto (4,1) unreachable on VIRIDIAN_FOREST_NORTH_GATE; from
+-- (2,1); npcs: SPRITE_YOUNGSTER@(16,43) SPRITE_YOUNGSTER@(30,33)
+-- SPRITE_POKE_BALL@(12,29)" -- Viridian Forest coordinates listed against a
+-- gate the size of a room. Every following segment skipped and the attempt
+-- was lost.
+--
+-- The fix is to ignore any entity outside the current map's bounds. This
+-- pins the folding arithmetic that makes the bug invisible, so a future
+-- reader can see why the bounds check is not merely defensive.
+--
+-- Self-contained; run via `luajit tests/parity_stale_npc.lua`.
+package.path = "./?.lua;./?/init.lua;" .. package.path
+if not _G.love then _G.love = require("tests.love_stub") end
+local S = require("tests.harness").suite("parity stale npc")
+local check, eq = S.check, S.eq
+
+-- the driver's blocking rule, isolated: fold a cell, wall it, but only for
+-- entities that are actually on this map
+local function blockedCells(npcs, w, h)
+  local blocked = {}
+  for _, npc in ipairs(npcs) do
+    if npc.x >= 0 and npc.y >= 0 and npc.x < w and npc.y < h then
+      blocked[npc.y * w + npc.x] = true
+    end
+  end
+  return blocked
+end
+
+-- VIRIDIAN_FOREST_NORTH_GATE is 8 cells wide; the forest is far larger.
+local GATE_W, GATE_H = 8, 8
+
+-- The arithmetic that made this invisible: a foreign NPC folds onto a real
+-- cell of the small map rather than into obvious nonsense.
+eq(43 * GATE_W + 16, 360, "forest (16,43) folds onto a plain integer id")
+eq(1 * GATE_W + 4, 12, "the gate's own (4,1) folds to 12")
+
+-- Without the bounds check, foreign NPCs wall off cells of the gate.
+do
+  local naive = {}
+  for _, n in ipairs({ { x = 16, y = 43 }, { x = 30, y = 33 }, { x = 12, y = 29 } }) do
+    naive[n.y * GATE_W + n.x] = true
+  end
+  check(next(naive) ~= nil,
+        "unguarded, off-map NPCs still produce blocked cell ids")
+end
+
+-- With it, they are ignored entirely.
+do
+  local blocked = blockedCells({
+    { x = 16, y = 43 }, { x = 30, y = 33 }, { x = 12, y = 29 },
+    { x = 2, y = 18 }, { x = 27, y = 40 },
+  }, GATE_W, GATE_H)
+  check(next(blocked) == nil,
+        "every off-map NPC is ignored on the gate")
+end
+
+-- ...while the map's own NPCs still block, which is the whole point.
+do
+  local blocked = blockedCells({
+    { x = 3, y = 2 },  -- SPRITE_SUPER_NERD, really in the gate
+    { x = 2, y = 5 },  -- SPRITE_GRAMPS
+    { x = 16, y = 43 }, -- stale, from the forest
+  }, GATE_W, GATE_H)
+  check(blocked[2 * GATE_W + 3], "an NPC inside the gate still blocks its cell")
+  check(blocked[5 * GATE_W + 2], "and so does the second one")
+  local n = 0
+  for _ in pairs(blocked) do n = n + 1 end
+  eq(n, 2, "exactly the two real NPCs block -- the stale one does not")
+end
+
+-- Edge cases of the bound itself.
+do
+  local blocked = blockedCells({
+    { x = GATE_W - 1, y = GATE_H - 1 }, -- last legal cell
+    { x = GATE_W, y = 0 },              -- one past the right edge
+    { x = 0, y = GATE_H },              -- one past the bottom
+    { x = -1, y = 0 },                  -- negative
+  }, GATE_W, GATE_H)
+  check(blocked[(GATE_H - 1) * GATE_W + (GATE_W - 1)],
+        "the far corner is in bounds and blocks")
+  local n = 0
+  for _ in pairs(blocked) do n = n + 1 end
+  eq(n, 1, "off-by-one and negative coordinates are all rejected")
+end
+
+S.finish()
diff --git a/tests/parity_viridian.lua b/tests/parity_viridian.lua
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..370118b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/parity_viridian.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+-- Parity test, Viridian City's two old men + the Pokédex object swap.
+--
+-- pokered has TWO old men on this map (data/maps/objects/ViridianCity.asm):
+--
+--   object_event 18, 9, SPRITE_GAMBLER_ASLEEP, STAY, NONE,       ..._OLD_MAN_SLEEPY
+--   object_event 17, 5, SPRITE_GAMBLER,        WALK, LEFT_RIGHT, ..._OLD_MAN
+--
+-- The sleeper only ever grumbles "private property" and shoves you back
+-- down; he never wakes, moves or hides.  The coffee ask and the catch
+-- tutorial belong to the walking man, who starts OFF
+-- (data/maps/toggleable_objects.asm) and is swapped in for the sleeper
+-- when Oak hands over the Pokédex (scripts/OaksLab.asm:602-606).  The
+-- north corridor is gated on EVENT_GOT_POKEDEX at exactly (19,9)
+-- (ViridianCityCheckGotPokedexScript), not on either man's visibility.
+--
+-- All three of those were wrong at once: the port merged both men into
+-- the sleeper, never ran the swap (so the walking man stayed hidden for
+-- the entire game), and gated the corridor on the sleeper being hidden --
+-- which made talking to him and answering "yes, I'm in a hurry" the only
+-- way out of Viridian.  Self-contained; run via `luajit tests/parity_viridian.lua`.
+package.path = "./?.lua;./?/init.lua;" .. package.path
+if not _G.love then _G.love = require("tests.love_stub") end
+local Data = require("src.core.Data")
+if not (Data.maps and Data.maps.VIRIDIAN_CITY) then Data:load() end
+-- The gate builds a real TextBox, which wants a loaded Font atlas we have
+-- no graphics device for. The hook requires it lazily, so a stub in
+-- package.loaded is enough to exercise the branch headlessly -- we only
+-- care that the step was blocked and that a box was pushed, not what it
+-- rendered (parity_flavor already covers the text labels themselves).
+package.loaded["src.render.TextBox"] = {
+  new = function(_, text, onDone) return { text = text, onDone = onDone } end,
+}
+local init = require("data.scripts.init")
+local S = require("tests.harness").suite("parity viridian")
+local check = S.check
+
+local function rowsOf(script)
+  return type(script) == "table" and script or nil
+end
+
+-- find the first row whose command is `cmd`; returns index, row
+local function findRow(rows, cmd, arg2)
+  for i, row in ipairs(rows or {}) do
+    if row[1] == cmd and (arg2 == nil or row[2] == arg2) then return i, row end
+  end
+end
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- (1) the sleeper is text-and-shove only
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local sleepy = rowsOf(init.talkScript("VIRIDIAN_CITY", "TEXT_VIRIDIANCITY_OLD_MAN_SLEEPY"))
+check(sleepy ~= nil, "sleeper resolves to a row-list script")
+if sleepy then
+  check(findRow(sleepy, "show_text", "_ViridianCityOldManSleepyPrivatePropertyText") ~= nil,
+        "sleeper shows the private-property text")
+  check(findRow(sleepy, "move_player") ~= nil, "sleeper shoves the player back")
+  -- the bugs: his script must NOT own the other man's dialogue, and must
+  -- never hide himself (pokered's HideObject fires from Oak's lab instead)
+  check(findRow(sleepy, "ask") == nil, "sleeper does not ask about coffee")
+  check(findRow(sleepy, "old_man_demo") == nil, "sleeper does not run the catch demo")
+  check(findRow(sleepy, "hide_object") == nil, "sleeper never hides himself")
+end
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- (2) the walking old man owns the coffee ask + the real catch tutorial
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local oldMan = rowsOf(init.talkScript("VIRIDIAN_CITY", "TEXT_VIRIDIANCITY_OLD_MAN"))
+-- a Lua function handler here would mean data/scripts/flavor/viridian_city.lua
+-- (which loads AFTER story.lua) had silently won the talk-table merge back
+check(oldMan ~= nil, "walking old man resolves to a row-list script, not a handler")
+if oldMan then
+  local askAt = findRow(oldMan, "ask", "_ViridianCityOldManHadMyCoffeeNowText")
+  check(askAt ~= nil, "walking old man asks the coffee question")
+  check(findRow(oldMan, "old_man_demo") ~= nil, "walking old man runs the catch demo")
+  -- polarity: the question is "Are you in a hurry?", so YES is the refusal
+  -- (ViridianCityOldManText: `and a / jr z, .refused` -- wCurrentMenuItem 0
+  -- is YES).  jump_if_true must therefore land on the "Time is money" line.
+  local jAt, jRow = findRow(oldMan, "jump_if_true")
+  check(jAt ~= nil and askAt ~= nil and jAt > askAt, "the yes/no branch follows the ask")
+  if jRow then
+    local target = oldMan[jRow[2]]
+    check(target ~= nil and target[1] == "show_text"
+          and target[2] == "_ViridianCityOldManTimeIsMoneyText",
+          "YES (in a hurry) brushes you off rather than starting the demo")
+  end
+  -- pokered prints this AFTER the demo battle (EndCatchTrainingScript)
+  local demoAt = findRow(oldMan, "old_man_demo")
+  local weakenAt = findRow(oldMan, "show_text", "_ViridianCityOldManYouNeedToWeakenTheTargetText")
+  check(demoAt and weakenAt and weakenAt > demoAt,
+        "the weaken-the-target line comes after the demo, not before it")
+end
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- (3) the Pokédex performs the swap (OaksLab.asm:602-606)
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local oak1 = rowsOf(init.talkScript("OAKS_LAB", "TEXT_OAKSLAB_OAK1"))
+check(oak1 ~= nil, "Oak's main script resolves")
+if oak1 then
+  local dexAt = findRow(oak1, "set_flag", "EVENT_GOT_POKEDEX")
+  check(dexAt ~= nil, "Oak sets EVENT_GOT_POKEDEX")
+  local hideAt = findRow(oak1, "hide_object", "VIRIDIAN_CITY")
+  local showAt = findRow(oak1, "show_object", "VIRIDIAN_CITY")
+  check(hideAt ~= nil, "the Pokédex hides the Viridian sleeper")
+  check(showAt ~= nil, "the Pokédex shows the walking Viridian old man")
+  if hideAt then
+    check(oak1[hideAt][3] == "VIRIDIANCITY_OLD_MAN_SLEEPY", "hides the right object")
+  end
+  if showAt then
+    check(oak1[showAt][3] == "VIRIDIANCITY_OLD_MAN", "shows the right object")
+  end
+  check(dexAt and hideAt and showAt and hideAt > dexAt and showAt > dexAt,
+        "the swap runs on the branch that grants the Pokédex")
+end
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- (4) every jump target in the touched scripts is in range
+--
+-- Inserting the two swap rows renumbered Oak's whole 30-row jump table.
+-- An off-by-one there is invisible until a branch silently runs the wrong
+-- line, so check every target lands on a real row (or the end sentinel,
+-- #rows + 1) across both files.
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local JUMPS = { jump = true, jump_if_true = true, jump_if_false = true }
+local checkedJumps = 0
+for _, modname in ipairs({ "data.scripts.oaks_lab", "data.scripts.story" }) do
+  local mod = require(modname)
+  -- oaks_lab returns one map's table; story returns { [mapId] = table }
+  local maps = mod.talk and { [modname] = mod } or mod
+  for mapId, m in pairs(maps) do
+    if type(m) == "table" and m.talk then
+      for const, script in pairs(m.talk) do
+        local rows = rowsOf(script)
+        if rows then
+          for i, row in ipairs(rows) do
+            if type(row) == "table" and JUMPS[row[1]] then
+              local t = row[2]
+              checkedJumps = checkedJumps + 1
+              check(type(t) == "number" and t >= 1 and t <= #rows + 1,
+                    ("%s/%s row %d: %s -> %s in range"):format(
+                      mapId, const, i, tostring(row[1]), tostring(t)))
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+check(checkedJumps > 0, "found jump rows to range-check (got " .. checkedJumps .. ")")
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- (5) the corridor gate keys off EVENT_GOT_POKEDEX at (19,9)
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local onStep = init.get("VIRIDIAN_CITY").onStep
+check(type(onStep) == "function", "VIRIDIAN_CITY has an onStep hook")
+
+local function step(flags, x, y)
+  local pushed = 0
+  local game = {
+    save = { flags = flags, inventory = {}, objectToggles = {} },
+    data = Data,
+    stack = { push = function() pushed = pushed + 1 end },
+  }
+  local ow = { player = {}, scriptMove = function() end }
+  local ok, blocked = pcall(onStep, game, ow, x, y)
+  return ok, blocked, pushed
+end
+
+if type(onStep) == "function" then
+  local ok, blocked, pushed = step({}, 19, 9)
+  check(ok, "onStep runs at the gate cell")
+  check(ok and blocked == true, "(19,9) is blocked without the Pokédex")
+  check(ok and pushed == 1, "being blocked shows a text box")
+
+  local ok2, blocked2 = step({ EVENT_GOT_POKEDEX = true }, 19, 9)
+  check(ok2 and blocked2 ~= true, "(19,9) is walkable once you have the Pokédex")
+
+  -- the old port blocked the whole 3-wide corridor (x 17-19, y<=8); pokered
+  -- blocks one cell, and the sleeper/girl bodies do the rest
+  local ok3, blocked3 = step({}, 19, 8)
+  check(ok3 and blocked3 ~= true, "(19,8) north of the gate is not itself gated")
+  local ok4, blocked4 = step({}, 17, 8)
+  check(ok4 and blocked4 ~= true, "(17,8) is not gated (only (19,9) triggers)")
+end
+
+S.finish()
diff --git a/tests/run_tests.lua b/tests/run_tests.lua
index a1d8f200..0736fb0e 100644
--- a/tests/run_tests.lua
+++ b/tests/run_tests.lua
@@ -1972,6 +1972,7 @@ do
   local PaletteFX = require("src.render.PaletteFX")
   local Tilt = require("src.render.Tilt")
   local GBCFX = require("src.render.GBCFX")
+  local GameSpeed = require("src.core.GameSpeed")
   local SD = require("src.core.SaveData")
   -- Isolate from earlier save/options writes in this suite
   SD.saveOptions(SD.defaultOptions())
@@ -2029,19 +2030,28 @@ do
   for _ = 1, 4 do press("a") end
   eq(og.save.options.gbcfx, 0, "GBC FX wraps back to OFF")
   press("down")
-  eq(om.index, 11, "cursor reaches MODS")
+  eq(om.index, 11, "cursor reaches GAME SPEED")
+  press("a")
+  eq(og.save.options.speed, 2, "A cycles GAME SPEED to 2X")
+  -- Driven by the level list rather than a literal press count: adding a
+  -- speed (20X went in for the bot runs) otherwise fails this as a wrap
+  -- bug when the cycling is fine and the row is simply one longer.
+  for _ = 1, #GameSpeed.LEVELS - 1 do press("a") end
+  eq(og.save.options.speed, 1, "GAME SPEED wraps back to NORMAL")
   press("down")
-  eq(om.index, 12, "cursor reaches CONTROLS")
+  eq(om.index, 12, "cursor reaches MODS")
   press("down")
-  eq(om.index, 13, "CANCEL stays the fixed final row")
-  eq(om.scroll, 8, "CANCEL keeps the last option boxes on screen")
+  eq(om.index, 13, "cursor reaches CONTROLS")
+  press("down")
+  eq(om.index, 14, "CANCEL stays the fixed final row")
+  eq(om.scroll, 9, "CANCEL keeps the last option boxes on screen")
   om:draw() -- smoke: scrolled layout draws under the headless stub
   press("a")
   check(popped, "A on CANCEL closes the options menu")
   local om2 = OptionsMenu.new(og)
   OInput.pressed = { up = true }; om2:update(1 / 60); OInput.pressed = {}
-  eq(om2.index, 13, "up from the top wraps to CANCEL")
-  eq(om2.scroll, 8, "wrapping to CANCEL scrolls to the tail")
+  eq(om2.index, 14, "up from the top wraps to CANCEL")
+  eq(om2.scroll, 9, "wrapping to CANCEL scrolls to the tail")
   -- headless-safe: no love.audio, setters only update internal state
   require("src.core.Music").applyOptions(og.save.options)
   require("src.core.Sound").applyOptions(og.save.options)
diff --git a/tools/botconv/convert.lua b/tools/botconv/convert.lua
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..afbb71de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/botconv/convert.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+-- PokeBotBad route converter.
+--
+--   luajit tools/botconv/convert.lua <PokeBotBad checkout> [out.lua]
+--
+-- Reads PokeBotBad's data/red/paths.lua and emits a route data file for
+-- the recomp: numeric pokered map ids become our string map names, tile
+-- waypoints pass through unchanged (the coordinate systems are
+-- identical), and every strategy/control step is classified by
+-- table.lua into a generic op, a battle, a manual stub, or nothing.
+--
+-- The output is data, not code. tests/drivers/route.lua interprets it
+-- against the live Game object. Anything table.lua does not cover is a
+-- hard error -- the converter never silently drops a step.
+
+local BOT = ... or arg[1]
+assert(BOT, "usage: luajit tools/botconv/convert.lua <PokeBotBad checkout> [out]")
+local OUT = arg[2] or "tests/drivers/bot_route.lua"
+
+local TBL = dofile("tools/botconv/table.lua")
+local mapOrder = dofile("data/generated/constants.lua").mapOrder
+
+setmetatable(_G, { __index = function() return 0 end }) -- speedrun-only globals
+local Paths = assert(loadfile(BOT .. "/data/red/paths.lua"))()
+
+local stats = {
+  waypoint = 0, dropped = 0, battle = 0, verb = 0, manual = 0, control = 0,
+}
+local manualSeen, unknown = {}, {}
+
+local function face(v) return TBL.face[v] or v end
+
+-- Translate one {s=...} / {c=...} step into an op, or nil to drop it.
+local function convertStep(step)
+  if step.s then
+    local name = step.s
+    if TBL.drop[name] then
+      stats.dropped = stats.dropped + 1
+      return nil
+    end
+    if TBL.battle[name] then
+      stats.battle = stats.battle + 1
+      return { op = "battle", face = step.dir and face(step.dir) or nil }
+    end
+    if TBL.manual[name] then
+      stats.manual = stats.manual + 1
+      manualSeen[name] = (manualSeen[name] or 0) + 1
+      return { op = "manual", name = name }
+    end
+    local v = TBL.verb[name]
+    if v then
+      stats.verb = stats.verb + 1
+      local out = { op = v.op }
+      for k, val in pairs(v.fixed or {}) do out[k] = val end
+      for botKey, ourKey in pairs(v.params or {}) do
+        local val = step[botKey]
+        if val ~= nil then
+          out[ourKey] = (ourKey == "face") and face(val) or val
+        end
+      end
+      return out
+    end
+    unknown[#unknown + 1] = "s=" .. name
+    return nil
+  end
+
+  local name = step.c
+  if TBL.controlDrop[name] then
+    stats.dropped = stats.dropped + 1
+    return nil
+  end
+  local cv = TBL.controlVerb[name]
+  if cv then
+    stats.control = stats.control + 1
+    local out = { op = cv.op }
+    if cv.mon ~= nil then out.mon = cv.mon end
+    return out
+  end
+  unknown[#unknown + 1] = "c=" .. name
+  return nil
+end
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- PokeBotBad advances its path list sequentially whenever the map changes
+-- (action/walk.lua:91-93) and only consults entry[1] when re-syncing after
+-- a reset, so a wrong map id there never breaks its run -- and some are
+-- wrong. Fix the ones we have verified rather than importing the typo:
+-- entry 2 is labelled "Red's house" but carries 39 (BLUES_HOUSE); its
+-- waypoints continue from Red's stairs, so it is REDS_HOUSE_1F (37).
+local MAP_FIXUPS = { [2] = 37 }
+
+local route = {}
+
+for idx, entry in ipairs(Paths) do
+  local mapId = MAP_FIXUPS[idx] or entry[1]
+  local mapName = mapOrder[mapId + 1]
+  assert(mapName, ("unmapped pokered map id %d"):format(mapId))
+
+  local steps = {}
+  for j = 2, #entry do
+    local step = entry[j]
+    if step.s or step.c then
+      local op = convertStep(step)
+      if op then steps[#steps + 1] = op end
+    else
+      -- a bare {x,y} waypoint. Negative coords are the route's idiom for
+      -- "walk off the map edge into the connecting map"; the runtime
+      -- clamps into the connection rather than pathfinding to a cell that
+      -- does not exist.
+      stats.waypoint = stats.waypoint + 1
+      steps[#steps + 1] = { op = "goto", x = step[1], y = step[2] }
+    end
+  end
+  route[#route + 1] = { map = mapName, steps = steps }
+end
+
+if #unknown > 0 then
+  io.stderr:write("unclassified steps (add them to tools/botconv/table.lua):\n")
+  local seen = {}
+  for _, u in ipairs(unknown) do
+    if not seen[u] then seen[u] = true; io.stderr:write("  " .. u .. "\n") end
+  end
+  os.exit(1)
+end
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- emit
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- Param values are scalars, or a list of candidate strings -- the route
+-- writes poke={"oddish","paras"} for "teach this to whichever of these we
+-- actually caught". Anything else is a bug in table.lua's param mapping
+-- (an unquoted WRAM address, say) and must not reach the output as a
+-- stringified pointer.
+local function quote(v)
+  local t = type(v)
+  if t == "string" then return ("%q"):format(v) end
+  if t == "number" or t == "boolean" then return tostring(v) end
+  if t == "table" then
+    local parts = {}
+    for i, item in ipairs(v) do
+      assert(type(item) == "string",
+        ("list param element %d is %s, expected string"):format(i, type(item)))
+      parts[i] = ("%q"):format(item)
+    end
+    assert(#parts > 0, "empty list param")
+    return "{ " .. table.concat(parts, ", ") .. " }"
+  end
+  error("unserializable param value of type " .. t)
+end
+
+local buf = {
+  "-- Generated by tools/botconv/convert.lua from PokeBotBad's any% route.",
+  "-- Do not edit; edit tools/botconv/table.lua and regenerate.",
+  "return {",
+}
+for _, seg in ipairs(route) do
+  buf[#buf + 1] = ("  { map = %q, steps = {"):format(seg.map)
+  for _, s in ipairs(seg.steps) do
+    local parts = {}
+    local keys = {}
+    for k in pairs(s) do if k ~= "op" then keys[#keys + 1] = k end end
+    table.sort(keys)
+    for _, k in ipairs(keys) do
+      parts[#parts + 1] = ("%s = %s"):format(k, quote(s[k]))
+    end
+    buf[#buf + 1] = ("    { op = %q%s },"):format(
+      s.op, #parts > 0 and (", " .. table.concat(parts, ", ")) or "")
+  end
+  buf[#buf + 1] = "  } },"
+end
+buf[#buf + 1] = "}"
+
+local fh = assert(io.open(OUT, "w"))
+fh:write(table.concat(buf, "\n"), "\n")
+fh:close()
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- coverage report
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+print(("wrote %s  (%d map segments)"):format(OUT, #route))
+print(("  goto      %4d"):format(stats.waypoint))
+print(("  battle    %4d"):format(stats.battle))
+print(("  verb      %4d"):format(stats.verb))
+print(("  control   %4d"):format(stats.control))
+print(("  dropped   %4d   (speedrun / streaming only)"):format(stats.dropped))
+print(("  manual    %4d   <- runtime handlers required"):format(stats.manual))
+
+local names = {}
+for n in pairs(manualSeen) do names[#names + 1] = n end
+table.sort(names)
+print("\nhandlers tests/drivers/route.lua must implement:")
+for _, n in ipairs(names) do
+  print(("  %-20s x%d"):format(n, manualSeen[n]))
+end
diff --git a/tools/botconv/inventory.lua b/tools/botconv/inventory.lua
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fbc6f8d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/botconv/inventory.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+-- Inventory pass for the PokeBotBad route converter.
+--
+-- Reads PokeBotBad's data/red/paths.lua and reports every distinct step
+-- shape it contains, so the conversion table is driven by what the route
+-- actually uses rather than by guesswork.
+--
+--   luajit tools/botconv/inventory.lua /path/to/PokeBotBad
+--
+-- Route entries look like:
+--   { <mapId>, {x,y}, {s="talk",dir="Up"}, {c="a",a="Brock's Gym"}, ... }
+-- entry[1] is a numeric pokered map id; the rest are steps.
+
+local botRoot = ... or arg[1]
+assert(botRoot, "usage: luajit tools/botconv/inventory.lua <PokeBotBad checkout>")
+
+-- paths.lua reads a few speedrun-only globals (client.speedmode targets).
+-- They are dropped by the converter, so any value will do.
+setmetatable(_G, { __index = function() return 0 end })
+
+local pathsFile = botRoot .. "/data/red/paths.lua"
+local Paths = assert(loadfile(pathsFile))()
+
+local mapOrder = dofile("data/generated/constants.lua").mapOrder
+
+local strategies, controls = {}, {}
+local counts = { waypoint = 0, strategy = 0, control = 0, unknown = 0 }
+local unknownMaps, sections = {}, {}
+
+local function note(bucket, name, step, section)
+  local rec = bucket[name]
+  if not rec then
+    rec = { n = 0, params = {}, sections = {} }
+    bucket[name] = rec
+  end
+  rec.n = rec.n + 1
+  rec.sections[section] = true
+  for k in pairs(step) do
+    if k ~= "s" and k ~= "c" then rec.params[k] = true end
+  end
+end
+
+-- Section headers are comments, so recover them by scanning the source and
+-- counting which route entry each header precedes.
+local function sectionNames()
+  local names, idx, fh = {}, 0, assert(io.open(pathsFile, "r"))
+  local current = "0: INTRO"
+  for line in fh:lines() do
+    local header = line:match("^%-%-%s*(%d+:%s*.+)$")
+    if header then current = header end
+    if line:match("^%s*{%s*%-?%d+%s*,") then
+      idx = idx + 1
+      names[idx] = current
+    end
+  end
+  fh:close()
+  return names
+end
+
+local names = sectionNames()
+
+for i, entry in ipairs(Paths) do
+  local mapId = entry[1]
+  local section = names[i] or "?"
+  sections[section] = true
+  local mapName = mapOrder[mapId + 1]
+  if not mapName then unknownMaps[mapId] = true end
+
+  for j = 2, #entry do
+    local step = entry[j]
+    if type(step) ~= "table" then
+      counts.unknown = counts.unknown + 1
+    elseif step.s then
+      counts.strategy = counts.strategy + 1
+      note(strategies, step.s, step, section)
+    elseif step.c then
+      counts.control = counts.control + 1
+      note(controls, step.c, step, section)
+    elseif type(step[1]) == "number" and type(step[2]) == "number" then
+      counts.waypoint = counts.waypoint + 1
+    else
+      counts.unknown = counts.unknown + 1
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+local function dump(title, bucket)
+  local keys = {}
+  for k in pairs(bucket) do keys[#keys + 1] = k end
+  table.sort(keys, function(a, b)
+    if bucket[a].n ~= bucket[b].n then return bucket[a].n > bucket[b].n end
+    return a < b
+  end)
+  print(("\n=== %s (%d distinct) ==="):format(title, #keys))
+  for _, k in ipairs(keys) do
+    local rec = bucket[k]
+    local params = {}
+    for p in pairs(rec.params) do params[#params + 1] = p end
+    table.sort(params)
+    local nsec = 0
+    for _ in pairs(rec.sections) do nsec = nsec + 1 end
+    print(("%-28s x%-4d sections:%-3d %s"):format(
+      k, rec.n, nsec,
+      #params > 0 and ("{" .. table.concat(params, ",") .. "}") or ""))
+  end
+end
+
+print(("route entries: %d   sections: %d"):format(#Paths, (function()
+  local n = 0; for _ in pairs(sections) do n = n + 1 end; return n
+end)()))
+print(("waypoints:%d  strategies:%d  controls:%d  unknown:%d"):format(
+  counts.waypoint, counts.strategy, counts.control, counts.unknown))
+
+local bad = {}
+for id in pairs(unknownMaps) do bad[#bad + 1] = id end
+if #bad > 0 then
+  table.sort(bad)
+  print("UNMAPPED MAP IDS: " .. table.concat(bad, ", "))
+else
+  print("all map ids resolve against data/generated/constants.lua mapOrder")
+end
+
+dump("STRATEGIES", strategies)
+dump("CONTROLS", controls)
diff --git a/tools/botconv/table.lua b/tools/botconv/table.lua
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c860728e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/botconv/table.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+-- Classification table for the PokeBotBad route converter.
+--
+-- Every strategy/control name the route references maps to exactly one
+-- bucket. convert.lua errors on anything missing, so this file is the
+-- single place that decides what a PokeBotBad step becomes.
+--
+--   DROP   speedrun or streaming only; no gameplay effect. Removing it
+--          cannot make the run unwinnable, only slower.
+--   BATTLE resolve the fight with the generic battle handler. We are not
+--          optimizing turns, so every named fight collapses to one op.
+--   VERB   a generic parameterized action; params are rewritten below.
+--   MANUAL progression-critical and not inferable from the route data.
+--          Emitted as a stub op the runtime must implement, and listed in
+--          the coverage report.
+
+local T = {}
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- DROP
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Timer splits, Twitch/LiveSplit bridge chatter, emulator speed control.
+-- Stat-boost item pickups (carbos/rare candy) exist to hit damage
+-- breakpoints on an optimal route; a bot that grinds normally outlevels
+-- the need. "redbar" deliberately parks a mon at low HP for the Gen 1
+-- low-HP speed trick and is actively harmful when not speedrunning.
+-- "dodge*" routes around trainer sight lines to skip fights -- we let
+-- those trainers engage and the generic battle handler takes them.
+local DROP = {
+  "split", "splitBrock", "changeSpeed", "battleModeSet", "guess",
+  "tweetBrock", "tweetMisty", "tweetSurge", "tweetVictoryRoad",
+  "reportMtMoon", "announceMachop", "announceOddish", "announceVenonat",
+  "epicCutscene", "centerSkip", "jingleSkip",
+  "dodgeCerulean", "dodgePalletBoy", "dodgeDepartment", "dodgeGirl",
+  "dodgeViridianOldMan",
+  "redbarCubone", "redbarMankey",
+  "cinnabarCarbos", "safariCarbos", "silphCarbos",
+  "drivebyRareCandy", "rareCandyEarly", "rareCandyGiovanni",
+  "tossInSafari", "tossInVictoryRoad",
+  "swapXSpecials", "swapXSpeeds",
+  -- pre-emptive heals sized to an optimal route; the runtime's own
+  -- "heal when below threshold" rule supersedes all of them.
+  "potionBeforeMisty", "potionBeforeCocoons", "potionBeforeHypno",
+  "potionBeforeLorelei", "potionBeforeRaticate", "potionBeforeRocket",
+  "potionBeforeShorts", "potionBeforeSurge", "potionForMankey",
+  "extraFullRestore", "checkEther", "checkGiovanni",
+  -- turn-by-turn battle tactics, superseded by the generic battle AI
+  "thunderboltFirst", "fourTurnThrash", "thrashGeodude", "rivalSandAttack",
+  "swapThrash", "fightGiovanniMachoke", "fightSilphMachoke",
+}
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- BATTLE
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Named fights. Each becomes {op="battle"} -- walk in, fight until the
+-- battle state pops. Rival/gym/E4 fights are all the same op; the route
+-- has already put us in front of the right trainer.
+local BATTLE = {
+  "fightBrock", "fightMisty", "fightSurge", "fightErika", "fightKoga",
+  "fightGiovanni", "fightSilphGiovanni", "fightBulbasaur", "fightMetapod",
+  "fightWeedle", "fightGrimer", "fightHypno", "fightX",
+  "lorelei", "bruno", "agatha", "lance", "blue", "champion",
+  "viridianRival", "lavenderRival", "silphRival",
+  "bugCatcher", "shortsKid", "digFight", "waitToFight",
+  "hornAttackCaterpie", "catchFlierBackup",
+}
+-- NOTE: squirtleIChooseYou is NOT here. Despite sitting between two fights
+-- in the route it is the starter pick -- walk to the ball, press A, accept
+-- the prompt -- and is classified as a talk below.
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- VERB
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- name -> { op, params = { botKey = ourKey } }
+-- Params not listed are dropped. `face` values are rewritten from
+-- PokeBotBad's "Up"/"Down"/"Left"/"Right" to our "up"/"down"/"left"/"right".
+local VERB = {
+  talk        = { op = "talk",     params = { dir = "face" } },
+  waitToTalk  = { op = "talk",     params = { dir = "face" } },
+  interact    = { op = "talk",     params = { dir = "face" } },
+  dialogue    = { op = "talk",     params = { dir = "face", decline = "decline" } },
+  take        = { op = "pickup",   params = { dir = "face" } },
+  grabAntidote     = { op = "pickup" },
+  grabForestPotion = { op = "pickup" },
+  grabMaxEther     = { op = "pickup" },
+  grabTreePotion   = { op = "pickup" },
+  bicycle     = { op = "bike" },
+  procureBicycle = { op = "talk" },
+  -- the starter pick: face the ball, A, accept the prompt
+  squirtleIChooseYou = { op = "talk" },
+  fly         = { op = "fly",      params = { dest = "dest", map = "map" } },
+  push        = { op = "push",     params = { dir = "face", x = "x", y = "y" } },
+  teach       = { op = "teach",    params = { move = "move", poke = "mon", replace = "replace" } },
+  -- these two name the move rather than passing it as a param
+  teachThrash = { op = "teach",    fixed = { move = "thrash" } },
+  learnThrash = { op = "teach",    fixed = { move = "thrash" } },
+  swapMove    = { op = "swapMove", params = { move = "move", to = "to" } },
+  swap        = { op = "swapItem", params = { item = "item", dest = "dest" } },
+  item        = { op = "useItem",  params = { item = "item", poke = "mon", all = "all" } },
+  potion      = { op = "heal",     params = { hp = "hp", full = "full" } },
+  elixer      = { op = "useItem",  params = { move = "move" } },
+  ether       = { op = "useItem",  params = { max = "max" } },
+  hikerElixer = { op = "useItem" },
+  lassEther   = { op = "useItem" },
+  undergroundElixer = { op = "useItem" },
+  healParalysis = { op = "heal" },
+  -- shops: the route knows the location, the runtime knows the list
+  shopPewterMart        = { op = "shop", fixed = { list = "pewter" } },
+  shopViridianPokeballs = { op = "shop", fixed = { list = "viridianBalls" } },
+  shopVermilionMart     = { op = "shop", fixed = { list = "vermilion" } },
+  shopRepels            = { op = "shop", fixed = { list = "repels" } },
+  shopTM07              = { op = "shop", fixed = { list = "tm07" } },
+  shopPokeDoll          = { op = "shop", fixed = { list = "pokeDoll" } },
+  shopVending           = { op = "shop", fixed = { list = "vending" } },
+  shopExtraWater        = { op = "shop", fixed = { list = "water" } },
+  shopBuffs             = { op = "shop", fixed = { list = "buffs" } },
+  -- Not shops, despite the names. prepareForBlue/prepareForLance are
+  -- thin wrappers over strategyFunctions.potion (they fire in Lance's
+  -- and Agatha's rooms, where no mart exists). equipForBrock is a
+  -- level-8 reset gate plus a cure-poison, and the gate is speedrun-only
+  -- -- a bot that grinds normally arrives overlevelled.
+  prepareForBlue        = { op = "heal", fixed = { full = true } },
+  prepareForLance       = { op = "heal", fixed = { full = true } },
+  equipForBrock         = { op = "heal", fixed = { status = true } },
+  -- "skill" is the route's field-move verb (cut/surf/strength/dig/flash)
+  skill       = { op = "fieldMove", params = { move = "move", dir = "face",
+                                               x = "x", y = "y", map = "map" } },
+}
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- MANUAL
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Progression gates. A generic verb cannot infer these from route data:
+-- they involve party composition, puzzle state, or menus the route only
+-- names. Each emits {op="manual", name=...} and the runtime dispatches to
+-- a hand-written handler keyed by name.
+local MANUAL = {
+  "catchNidoran", "catchOddish",         -- party composition the route assumes
+  "evolveNidoking", "evolveNidorino",    -- level/stone gating
+  "trashcans",                           -- Surge gym can-search puzzle
+  "depositPokemon",                      -- PC box menu
+  "deptElevator", "silphElevator",       -- elevator floor menus
+  "giveWater",                           -- Saffron guard gate
+  "playPokeFlute",                       -- Snorlax
+  "pokeDoll",                            -- Lavender Rocket blocker
+  "talkToBill",                          -- S.S. Ticket gate
+  "exitForest",                          -- Viridian Forest exit routing
+  "trainerSightSkip",
+}
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- CONTROLS  ({c="..."} steps)
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Almost all of these are reset conditions or run telemetry. {c="a"} is
+-- Bridge.chat -- Twitch commentary, 50 of the 98 control calls.
+local CONTROL_DROP = {
+  "a", "encounters", "trackEncounters", "allowDeath", "pp", "thrash",
+  "moon1Exp", "moon2Exp", "moon3Exp", "startMtMoon",
+  "nidoranBackupExp", "viridianBackupExp", "viridianExp",
+}
+-- Catch permission toggles do affect what the bot ends up with.
+local CONTROL_VERB = {
+  catchNidoran = { op = "allowCatch", mon = "nidoran" },
+  catchOddish  = { op = "allowCatch", mon = "oddish" },
+  catchParas   = { op = "allowCatch", mon = "paras" },
+  catchFlier   = { op = "allowCatch", mon = "flier" },
+  disableCatch = { op = "allowCatch", mon = false },
+  potion       = { op = "heal" },
+}
+
+-- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+local function set(list)
+  local t = {}
+  for _, name in ipairs(list) do t[name] = true end
+  return t
+end
+
+T.drop         = set(DROP)
+T.battle       = set(BATTLE)
+T.verb         = VERB
+T.manual       = set(MANUAL)
+T.controlDrop  = set(CONTROL_DROP)
+T.controlVerb  = CONTROL_VERB
+
+T.face = { Up = "up", Down = "down", Left = "left", Right = "right" }
+
+return T