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# Mixbox: Practical Pigment Mixing for Digital Painting # Mixbox: Pigment-Based Color Mixing
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<img src="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/teaser.jpg"/> <img src="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/teaser.jpg"/>
</p> </p>
Mixbox is a pigment mixing black-box. You pass RGB colors in and get the mixed RGB out. Mixbox is a new blending method for natural color mixing. It produces saturated gradients with hue shifts and natural secondary colors during blending. Yellow and blue make green. The interface is simple - RGB in, RGB out. Internally, Mixbox treats colors as real-life pigments using the Kubelka & Munk theory to predict realistic color behavior. That way, colors act like actual paints and bring more vibrance and intuition into digital painting.
Internally, Mixbox treats the colors as if they were made of actual real-world pigments.
It uses the Kubelka & Munk theory to predict the color of the resulting mixture.
This way, Mixbox achieves that blue and yellow mix to green, the same way real pigments do.
* Paper: https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox.pdf<br> * Paper: https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox.pdf<br>
* Video: https://youtu.be/ATzVPVNp1qA<br> * Video: https://youtu.be/ATzVPVNp1qA<br>
* Talk: https://youtu.be/_qa5iWdfNKg<br> * Talk: https://youtu.be/_qa5iWdfNKg<br>
* Demo: https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/painter<br> * Demo: https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/painter<br>
Mixbox is shipping in Rebelle 5 Pro as the [Rebelle Pigments](https://www.escapemotions.com/products/rebelle/about) feature. Mixbox is shipping in Rebelle 5 Pro as the [Rebelle Pigments](https://www.escapemotions.com/products/rebelle/about) feature and in the [Flip Fluids](https://flipfluids.com/) addon for Blender.
## Usage ## Usage
The simplest way to use Mixbox is with the *lerp* interface: - [C / C++](cpp): `#include "mixbox.h"` and build `mixbox.cpp` together with your project
- [C#](csharp): use Mixbox package from NuGet `https://www.nuget.org/packages/Mixbox/2.0.0`
- [Java](java): add `implementation 'com.scrtwpns:mixbox:2.0.0'` to your Gradle
- [JavaScript](javascript): `<script src="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox.js">`
- [Node](javascript): `npm install mixbox`
- [Python](python): `pip install pymixbox`
- [Rust](rust): add `mixbox = "2.0.0"` to your Cargo.toml
- [Unity](unity): add package from git url `git://github.com/scrtwpns/mixbox.git#upm`
- [Godot](godot): copy `godot\addons` to the root of your project
- [Shaders](shaders): load `mixbox_lut.png` as texture and paste the Mixbox `.glsl`/`.hlsl` code into your shader
## Pigment Colors
| Pigment | | RGB | Float RGB | Linear RGB |
| --- | --- |:----:|:----:|:----:|
| Cadmium Yellow | <img src="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/pigments/cadmium_yellow.png"/> | 254, 236, 0 | 0.996, 0.925, 0.0 | 0.991, 0.839, 0.0 |
| Hansa Yellow | <img src="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/pigments/hansa_yellow.png"/> | 252, 211, 0 | 0.988, 0.827, 0.0 | 0.973, 0.651, 0.0 |
| Cadmium Orange | <img src="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/pigments/cadmium_orange.png"/> | 255, 105, 0 | 1.0, 0.412, 0.0 | 1.0, 0.141, 0.0 |
| Cadmium Red | <img src="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/pigments/cadmium_red.png"/> | 255, 39, 2 | 1.0, 0.153, 0.008 | 1.0, 0.02, 0.001 |
| Quinacridone Magenta | <img src="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/pigments/quinacridone_magenta.png"/> | 128, 2, 46 | 0.502, 0.008, 0.18 | 0.216, 0.001, 0.027 |
| Cobalt Violet | <img src="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/pigments/cobalt_violet.png"/> | 78, 0, 66 | 0.306, 0.0, 0.259 | 0.076, 0.0, 0.054 |
| Ultramarine Blue | <img src="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/pigments/ultramarine_blue.png"/> | 25, 0, 89 | 0.098, 0.0, 0.349 | 0.01, 0.0, 0.1 |
| Cobalt Blue | <img src="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/pigments/cobalt_blue.png"/> | 0, 33, 133 | 0.0, 0.129, 0.522 | 0.0, 0.015, 0.235 |
| Phthalo Blue | <img src="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/pigments/phthalo_blue.png"/> | 13, 27, 68 | 0.051, 0.106, 0.267 | 0.004, 0.011, 0.058 |
| Phthalo Green | <img src="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/pigments/phthalo_green.png"/> | 0, 60, 50 | 0.0, 0.235, 0.196 | 0.0, 0.045, 0.032 |
| Permanent Green | <img src="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/pigments/permanent_green.png"/> | 7, 109, 22 | 0.027, 0.427, 0.086 | 0.002, 0.153, 0.008 |
| Sap Green | <img src="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/pigments/sap_green.png"/> | 107, 148, 4 | 0.42, 0.58, 0.016 | 0.147, 0.296, 0.001 |
| Burnt Sienna | <img src="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/pigments/burnt_sienna.png"/> | 123, 72, 0 | 0.482, 0.282, 0.0 | 0.198, 0.065, 0.0 |
## C / C++
```c++ ```c++
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include "mixbox.h" #include "mixbox.h"
int main() int main() {
{ unsigned char r1 = 0, g1 = 33, b1 = 133; // blue
unsigned char r1=252, g1=211, b1=0; // bright yellow unsigned char r2 = 252, g2 = 211, b2 = 0; // yellow
unsigned char r2=0, g2=0, b2=96; // deep blue
float t = 0.5; float t = 0.5;
unsigned char r, g, b; unsigned char r, g, b;
mixbox_lerp_srgb8(r1,g1,b1, // first color mixbox_lerp(r1, g1, b1, // first color
r2, g2, b2, // second color r2, g2, b2, // second color
t, // mixing ratio t, // mixing ratio
&r, &g, &b); // result &r, &g, &b); // result
@@ -37,31 +61,310 @@ int main()
printf("%d %d %d\n", r, g, b); printf("%d %d %d\n", r, g, b);
} }
``` ```
Alternatively, one can use the *latent* interface. This allows mixing multiple RGB colors at once using arbitrary weights:
```c++ ## GLSL Shader
float latent1[MIXBOX_NUMLATENTS]; ```glsl
float latent2[MIXBOX_NUMLATENTS]; #ifdef GL_ES
float latentMix[MIXBOX_NUMLATENTS]; precision highp float;
#endif
mixbox_srgb8_to_latent(r1,g1,b1,latent1); uniform sampler2D mixbox_lut; // bind the "mixbox_lut.png" texture here
mixbox_srgb8_to_latent(r2,g2,b2,latent2);
for(int i=0;i<MIXBOX_NUMLATENTS;i++) #include "mixbox.glsl" // paste the contents of mixbox.glsl here
void main(void) {
vec3 rgb1 = vec3(0, 0.129, 0.522); // blue
vec3 rgb2 = vec3(0.988, 0.827, 0); // yellow
float t = 0.5; // mixing ratio
vec3 rgb = mixbox_lerp(rgb1, rgb2, t);
gl_FragColor = vec4(rgb, 1.0);
}
```
## Rust
```rust
fn main() {
let rgb1 = [0, 33, 133]; // blue
let rgb2 = [252, 211, 0]; // yellow
let t = 0.5; // mixing ratio
let [r, g, b] = mixbox::lerp(&rgb1, &rgb2, t);
println!("{} {} {}", r, g, b);
}
```
## Python
```python
import mixbox
rgb1 = (0, 33, 133) # blue
rgb2 = (252, 211, 0) # yellow
t = 0.5 # mixing ratio
rgb_mix = mixbox.lerp(rgb1, rgb2, t)
print(rgb_mix)
```
## JavaScript
```html
<html>
<body>
<script src="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox.js"></script>
<script>
var rgb1 = "rgb(0, 33, 133)"; // blue
var rgb2 = "rgb(252, 211, 0)"; // yellow
var t = 0.5; // mixing ratio
var mixed = mixbox.lerp(rgb1, rgb2, t);
document.body.style.background = mixed;
</script>
</body>
</html>
```
## Node
```javascript
import mixbox from 'mixbox';
let rgb1 = "rgb(0, 33, 133)"; // blue
let rgb2 = "rgb(252, 211, 0)"; // yellow
let t = 0.5; // mixing ratio
let mixed = mixbox.lerp(rgb1, rgb2, t);
console.log(mixed);
```
## Java
```java
import java.awt.Color;
import com.scrtwpns.Mixbox;
class HelloMixbox {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Color color1 = new Color(0, 33, 133); // blue
Color color2 = new Color(252, 211, 0); // yellow
float t = 0.5f; // mixing ratio
Color colorMix = new Color(Mixbox.lerp(color1.getRGB(), color2.getRGB(), t));
System.out.print(colorMix);
}
}
```
## Android
```java
package com.example.hellomixbox;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.graphics.Color;
import com.scrtwpns.Mixbox;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
int color1 = Color.rgb(0, 33, 133); // blue
int color2 = Color.rgb(252, 211, 0); // yellow
float t = 0.5f; // mixing ratio
int colorMix = Mixbox.lerp(color1, color2, t);
View view = new View(this);
view.setBackgroundColor(colorMix);
setContentView(view);
}
}
```
## C#
```csharp
using System.Drawing;
using Scrtwpns.Mixbox;
public class HelloMixbox
{ {
latentMix[i] = (1.0f-t)*latent1[i] + t*latent2[i]; public static void Main(string[] args)
{
Color color1 = Color.FromArgb(0, 33, 133); // blue
Color color2 = Color.FromArgb(252, 211, 0); // yellow
float t = 0.5f; // mixing ratio
Color colorMix = Color.FromArgb(Mixbox.Lerp(color1.ToArgb(), color2.ToArgb(), t));
System.Console.WriteLine(colorMix);
}
}
```
## Unity
```csharp
using UnityEngine;
using Scrtwpns.Mixbox;
public class NewBehaviourScript : MonoBehaviour
{
void Start()
{
Color color1 = new Color(0.0f, 0.129f, 0.522f); // blue
Color color2 = new Color(0.988f, 0.827f, 0.0f); // yellow
float t = 0.5f; // mixing ratio
Color colorMix = Mixbox.Lerp(color1, color2, t);
Debug.Log(colorMix);
}
}
```
## Unity Shader
```ShaderLab
Shader "MixboxHelloShader"
{
Properties
{
_MixboxLUT ("Mixbox LUT", 2D) = "white" {} // assign "Packages/Mixbox/Textures/MixboxLUT.png"
_Color1 ("Color 1", Color) = (0, 0.129, 0.522, 1) // blue
_Color2 ("Color 2", Color) = (0.988, 0.827, 0, 1) // yellow
}
SubShader
{
Pass
{
CGPROGRAM
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
#include "UnityCG.cginc"
sampler2D _MixboxLUT;
#include "Packages/com.scrtwpns.mixbox/ShaderLibrary/Mixbox.cginc"
fixed4 _Color1;
fixed4 _Color2;
struct appdata { float4 vertex : POSITION; float2 uv : TEXCOORD0; };
struct v2f { float2 uv : TEXCOORD0; float4 vertex : SV_POSITION; };
v2f vert (appdata v)
{
v2f o;
o.vertex = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
o.uv = v.uv;
return o;
} }
mixbox_latent_to_srgb8(latentMix,&r,&g,&b); fixed4 frag (v2f i) : SV_Target
{
fixed4 mixedColor = MixboxLerp(_Color1, _Color2, i.uv.x);
return mixedColor;
}
ENDCG
}
}
}
``` ```
## Demo
## Unity Shader Graph
<p align="center">
<img src="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/unity/shadergraph_.png"/>
</p>
## Godot
```gdscript
var Mixbox = preload("res://addons/mixbox/mixbox.gd")
var color1 = Color(0.0, 0.129, 0.522) # blue
var color2 = Color(0.988, 0.827, 0.0) # yellow
var t = 0.5 # mixing ratio
var color_mix = Mixbox.lerp(color1, color2, t)
print(color_mix)
```
## Godot Shader
```glsl
shader_type canvas_item;
uniform sampler2D mixbox_lut; // attach "addons/mixbox/mixbox_lut.png" here
uniform vec4 color1 : hint_color = vec4(0.0, 0.129, 0.522, 1.0); // blue
uniform vec4 color2 : hint_color = vec4(0.988, 0.827, 0.0, 1.0); // yellow
#include "addons/mixbox/mixbox.gdshaderinc"
void fragment() {
COLOR = mixbox_lerp(color1, color2, UV.x);
}
```
## Godot VisualShader
<p align="center">
<img src="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/godot/visualshader_.png"/>
</p>
## WebGL
```html
<script src="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox.js"></script>
```
```javascript
var shader = `
precision highp float;
uniform sampler2D mixbox_lut; // bind mixbox.lutTexture(gl) here
#include "mixbox.glsl"
void main(void) {
vec3 rgb1 = vec3(0, 0.129, 0.522); // blue
vec3 rgb2 = vec3(0.988, 0.827, 0); // yellow
float t = 0.5; // mixing ratio
vec3 rgb = mixbox_lerp(rgb1, rgb2, t);
gl_FragColor = vec4(rgb, 1.0);
}
`;
shader = shader.replace('#include "mixbox.glsl"', mixbox.glsl());
```
```javascript
gl.useProgram(shaderProgram);
gl.activeTexture(gl.TEXTURE0);
gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, mixbox.lutTexture(gl));
gl.uniform1i(gl.getUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "mixbox_lut"), 0);
```
## Examples
| Gradients | Mountains | Palette Snakes |
|:---:|:---:|:---:|
| <a href="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/examples/gradients.html"><img src="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/examples/gradients.png"/></a> | <a href="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/examples/mountains.html"><img src="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/examples/mountains.png"/></a> | <a href="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/examples/palette.html"><img src="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/examples/palette.png"/></a> |
| [source code](javascript/examples/gradients.js) | [source code](javascript/examples/mountains.js) | [source code](javascript/examples/palette.js) |
| Splash Art | Paint Mixer | Pigment Fluids |
|:---:|:---:|:---:|
| <a href="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/examples/splash.html"><img src="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/examples/splash.png"/></a> | <a href="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/examples/mixer.html"><img src="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/examples/mixer.png"/></a> | <a href="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/fluids"><img src="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/examples/fluids.png"/></a> |
| [source code](javascript/examples/splash.html) | [source code](javascript/examples/mixer.js) | [source code](https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/fluids/script.js) |
## Painter
<p align="center"> <p align="center">
<a href="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/painter"><img src="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/painter_git.jpg"/></a> <a href="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/painter"><img src="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/painter_git.jpg"/></a>
</p> </p>
This is a toy painting app with soft round brush and a smudge tool. It runs two color mixing implementations in parallel: one based on Mixbox and the other that performs ordinary RGB mixing. The app allows switching between them on the fly, showing the differences between pigment-based mixing and the normal RGB mixing. To launch the demo in your browser, please <a href="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/painter">click here</a>. This painting app runs two color mixing implementations in parallel: one based on Mixbox and the other that performs ordinary RGB mixing. The app allows switching between them on the fly, showing the differences between pigment-based mixing and the normal RGB mixing. To launch the painter in your browser, please <a href="https://scrtwpns.com/mixbox/painter">click here</a>.
## License ## License
Copyright (c) 2022, Secret Weapons. All rights reserved.<br> Copyright (c) 2022, Secret Weapons. All rights reserved.<br>
This code is for non-commercial use only. It is provided for research and evaluation purposes.<br> Mixbox is provided under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license for non-commercial use only.<br>
If you wish to obtain commercial license, please contact: mixbox@scrtwpns.com If you want to obtain commercial license, please contact: mixbox@scrtwpns.com