diff --git a/src/common/Matrix.cpp b/src/common/Matrix.cpp
index a8a8c5e68..d403e8b02 100644
--- a/src/common/Matrix.cpp
+++ b/src/common/Matrix.cpp
@@ -194,5 +194,19 @@ void Matrix::transform(Vertex *dst, const Vertex *src, int size) const
 	}
 }
 
+Matrix Matrix::ortho(float left, float right, float bottom, float top)
+{
+	Matrix m;
+
+	m.e[0] = 2.0f / (right - left);
+	m.e[5] = 2.0f / (top - bottom);
+	m.e[10] = -1.0;
+
+	m.e[12] = -(right + left) / (right - left);
+	m.e[13] = -(top + bottom) / (top - bottom);
+
+	return m;
+}
+
 
 } // love
diff --git a/src/common/Matrix.h b/src/common/Matrix.h
index 2a0091448..0e33b37d9 100644
--- a/src/common/Matrix.h
+++ b/src/common/Matrix.h
@@ -150,6 +150,12 @@ public:
 	 **/
 	void transform(Vertex *dst, const Vertex *src, int size) const;
 
+	/**
+	 * Creates a new orthographic projection matrix with depth in the range of
+	 * [-1, 1].
+	 **/
+	static Matrix ortho(float left, float right, float bottom, float top);
+
 private:
 
 	/**
diff --git a/src/modules/graphics/Graphics.cpp b/src/modules/graphics/Graphics.cpp
index 5688e5650..d6e16cd37 100644
--- a/src/modules/graphics/Graphics.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/graphics/Graphics.cpp
@@ -109,6 +109,16 @@ bool Graphics::getConstant(SystemLimit in, const char *&out)
 	return systemLimits.find(in, out);
 }
 
+bool Graphics::getConstant(const char *in, StackType &out)
+{
+	return stackTypes.find(in, out);
+}
+
+bool Graphics::getConstant(StackType in, const char *&out)
+{
+	return stackTypes.find(in, out);
+}
+
 StringMap<Graphics::DrawMode, Graphics::DRAW_MAX_ENUM>::Entry Graphics::drawModeEntries[] =
 {
 	{ "line", Graphics::DRAW_LINE },
@@ -192,5 +202,13 @@ StringMap<Graphics::SystemLimit, Graphics::LIMIT_MAX_ENUM>::Entry Graphics::syst
 
 StringMap<Graphics::SystemLimit, Graphics::LIMIT_MAX_ENUM> Graphics::systemLimits(Graphics::systemLimitEntries, sizeof(Graphics::systemLimitEntries));
 
+StringMap<Graphics::StackType, Graphics::STACK_MAX_ENUM>::Entry Graphics::stackTypeEntries[] =
+{
+	{"all", Graphics::STACK_ALL},
+	{"transform", Graphics::STACK_TRANSFORM},
+};
+
+StringMap<Graphics::StackType, Graphics::STACK_MAX_ENUM> Graphics::stackTypes(Graphics::stackTypeEntries, sizeof(Graphics::stackTypeEntries));
+
 } // graphics
 } // love
diff --git a/src/modules/graphics/Graphics.h b/src/modules/graphics/Graphics.h
index ed66de5d2..8cdeb68d2 100644
--- a/src/modules/graphics/Graphics.h
+++ b/src/modules/graphics/Graphics.h
@@ -112,6 +112,13 @@ public:
 		LIMIT_MAX_ENUM
 	};
 
+	enum StackType
+	{
+		STACK_ALL,
+		STACK_TRANSFORM,
+		STACK_MAX_ENUM
+	};
+
 	struct RendererInfo
 	{
 		std::string name;
@@ -167,6 +174,9 @@ public:
 	static bool getConstant(const char *in, SystemLimit &out);
 	static bool getConstant(SystemLimit in, const char *&out);
 
+	static bool getConstant(const char *in, StackType &out);
+	static bool getConstant(StackType in, const char *&out);
+
 private:
 
 	static StringMap<DrawMode, DRAW_MAX_ENUM>::Entry drawModeEntries[];
@@ -193,6 +203,9 @@ private:
 	static StringMap<SystemLimit, LIMIT_MAX_ENUM>::Entry systemLimitEntries[];
 	static StringMap<SystemLimit, LIMIT_MAX_ENUM> systemLimits;
 
+	static StringMap<StackType, STACK_MAX_ENUM>::Entry stackTypeEntries[];
+	static StringMap<StackType, STACK_MAX_ENUM> stackTypes;
+
 }; // Graphics
 
 } // graphics
diff --git a/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Canvas.cpp b/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Canvas.cpp
index 854dd938e..e6739d695 100644
--- a/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Canvas.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Canvas.cpp
@@ -594,16 +594,13 @@ void Canvas::unloadVolatile()
 	fbo = depth_stencil = texture = 0;
 	resolve_fbo = msaa_buffer = 0;
 
-	for (size_t i = 0; i < attachedCanvases.size(); i++)
-		attachedCanvases[i]->release();
-
 	attachedCanvases.clear();
 }
 
 void Canvas::drawv(const Matrix &t, const Vertex *v)
 {
-	glPushMatrix();
-	glMultMatrixf((const GLfloat *)t.getElements());
+	OpenGL::TempTransform transform(gl);
+	transform.get() *= t;
 
 	predraw();
 
@@ -620,8 +617,6 @@ void Canvas::drawv(const Matrix &t, const Vertex *v)
 	glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
 
 	postdraw();
-	
-	glPopMatrix();
 }
 
 void Canvas::draw(float x, float y, float angle, float sx, float sy, float ox, float oy, float kx, float ky)
@@ -691,16 +686,8 @@ void Canvas::setupGrab()
 	strategy->bindFBO(fbo);
 	gl.setViewport(OpenGL::Viewport(0, 0, width, height));
 
-	// Reset the projection matrix
-	glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
-	glPushMatrix();
-	glLoadIdentity();
-
-	// Set up orthographic view (no depth)
-	glOrtho(0.0, width, 0.0, height, -1.0, 1.0);
-
-	// Switch back to modelview matrix
-	glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
+	// Set up the projection matrix
+	gl.matrices.projection.push_back(Matrix::ortho(0.0, width, 0.0, height));
 
 	// Make sure the correct sRGB setting is used when drawing to the canvas.
 	if (format == FORMAT_SRGB)
@@ -754,11 +741,8 @@ void Canvas::startGrab(const std::vector<Canvas *> &canvases)
 	// Attach the canvas textures to the active FBO and set up MRTs.
 	strategy->setAttachments(canvases);
 
-	for (size_t i = 0; i < canvases.size(); i++)
-		canvases[i]->retain();
-
-	for (size_t i = 0; i < attachedCanvases.size(); i++)
-		attachedCanvases[i]->release();
+	// We want to avoid reference cycles, so we don't retain the attached
+	// Canvases here. The code in Graphics::setCanvas retains them.
 
 	attachedCanvases = canvases;
 }
@@ -773,10 +757,6 @@ void Canvas::startGrab()
 	// make sure the FBO is only using a single canvas
 	strategy->setAttachments();
 
-	// release any previously attached canvases
-	for (size_t i = 0; i < attachedCanvases.size(); i++)
-		attachedCanvases[i]->release();
-
 	attachedCanvases.clear();
 }
 
@@ -786,9 +766,7 @@ void Canvas::stopGrab(bool switchingToOtherCanvas)
 	if (current != this)
 		return;
 
-	glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
-	glPopMatrix();
-	glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
+	gl.matrices.projection.pop_back();
 
 	if (switchingToOtherCanvas)
 	{
@@ -1123,12 +1101,6 @@ bool Canvas::isFormatSupported(Canvas::Format format)
 	return supported;
 }
 
-void Canvas::bindDefaultCanvas()
-{
-	if (current != nullptr)
-		current->stopGrab();
-}
-
 bool Canvas::getConstant(const char *in, Format &out)
 {
 	return formats.find(in, out);
diff --git a/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Canvas.h b/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Canvas.h
index d12d5ed42..a0fd6f1a1 100644
--- a/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Canvas.h
+++ b/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Canvas.h
@@ -120,7 +120,6 @@ public:
 	static bool isFormatSupported(Format format);
 
 	static Canvas *current;
-	static void bindDefaultCanvas();
 
 	// The viewport dimensions of the system (default) framebuffer.
 	static OpenGL::Viewport systemViewport;
diff --git a/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Font.cpp b/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Font.cpp
index 5cb062cb3..578c8e465 100644
--- a/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Font.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Font.cpp
@@ -368,11 +368,11 @@ void Font::print(const std::string &text, float x, float y, float extra_spacing,
 	// second (using the struct's < operator).
 	std::sort(glyphinfolist.begin(), glyphinfolist.end());
 
-	glPushMatrix();
-
 	Matrix t;
 	t.setTransformation(ceilf(x), ceilf(y), angle, sx, sy, ox, oy, kx, ky);
-	glMultMatrixf((const GLfloat *)t.getElements());
+
+	OpenGL::TempTransform transform(gl);
+	transform.get() *= t;
 
 	glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
 	glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
@@ -393,8 +393,6 @@ void Font::print(const std::string &text, float x, float y, float extra_spacing,
 
 	glDisableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
 	glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
-
-	glPopMatrix();
 }
 
 int Font::getWidth(const std::string &str)
diff --git a/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Graphics.cpp b/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Graphics.cpp
index fecc889ba..735d5852a 100644
--- a/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Graphics.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Graphics.cpp
@@ -44,19 +44,14 @@ namespace opengl
 {
 
 Graphics::Graphics()
-	: currentFont(0)
-	, lineStyle(LINE_SMOOTH)
-	, lineJoin(LINE_JOIN_MITER)
-	, lineWidth(1)
-	, matrixLimit(0)
-	, userMatrices(0)
-	, colorMask()
-	, width(0)
+	: width(0)
 	, height(0)
 	, created(false)
 	, activeStencil(false)
-	, savedState()
 {
+	states.reserve(10);
+	states.push_back(DisplayState());
+
 	currentWindow = love::window::sdl::Window::createSingleton();
 
 	int w, h;
@@ -70,8 +65,8 @@ Graphics::Graphics()
 
 Graphics::~Graphics()
 {
-	if (currentFont != 0)
-		currentFont->release();
+	// We do this manually so the love objects get released before the window.
+	states.clear();
 
 	currentWindow->release();
 }
@@ -81,53 +76,90 @@ const char *Graphics::getName() const
 	return "love.graphics.opengl";
 }
 
-DisplayState Graphics::saveState()
-{
-	DisplayState s;
-
-	s.color = getColor();
-	s.backgroundColor = getBackgroundColor();
-
-	s.blendMode = getBlendMode();
-	//get line style
-	s.lineStyle = getLineStyle();
-	s.lineJoin = getLineJoin();
-	//get the point size
-	glGetFloatv(GL_POINT_SIZE, &s.pointSize);
-	//get point style
-	s.pointStyle = (glIsEnabled(GL_POINT_SMOOTH) == GL_TRUE) ? Graphics::POINT_SMOOTH : Graphics::POINT_ROUGH;
-	//get scissor status
-	s.scissor = (glIsEnabled(GL_SCISSOR_TEST) == GL_TRUE);
-	//do we have scissor, if so, store the box
-	if (s.scissor)
-		s.scissorBox = gl.getScissor();
-
-	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
-		s.colorMask[i] = colorMask[i];
-
-	s.wireframe = isWireframe();
-
-	return s;
-}
-
 void Graphics::restoreState(const DisplayState &s)
 {
 	setColor(s.color);
 	setBackgroundColor(s.backgroundColor);
+
 	setBlendMode(s.blendMode);
-	setLineWidth(lineWidth);
+
+	setLineWidth(s.lineWidth);
 	setLineStyle(s.lineStyle);
 	setLineJoin(s.lineJoin);
+
 	setPointSize(s.pointSize);
 	setPointStyle(s.pointStyle);
+
 	if (s.scissor)
 		setScissor(s.scissorBox.x, s.scissorBox.y, s.scissorBox.w, s.scissorBox.h);
 	else
 		setScissor();
-	setColorMask(s.colorMask[0], s.colorMask[1], s.colorMask[2], s.colorMask[3]);
+
+	setFont(s.font);
+	setShader(s.shader);
+	setCanvas(s.canvases);
+
+	setColorMask(s.colorMask);
 	setWireframe(s.wireframe);
 }
 
+void Graphics::restoreStateChecked(const DisplayState &s)
+{
+	const DisplayState &cur = states.back();
+
+	if (*(uint32 *) &s.color.r != *(uint32 *) &cur.color.r)
+		setColor(s.color);
+
+	if (*(uint32 *) &s.backgroundColor.r != *(uint32 *) &cur.backgroundColor.r)
+		setBackgroundColor(s.backgroundColor);
+
+	if (s.blendMode != cur.blendMode)
+		setBlendMode(s.blendMode);
+
+	// These are just simple assignments.
+	setLineWidth(s.lineWidth);
+	setLineStyle(s.lineStyle);
+	setLineJoin(s.lineJoin);
+
+	if (s.pointSize != cur.pointSize)
+		setPointSize(s.pointSize);
+
+	if (s.pointStyle != cur.pointStyle)
+		setPointStyle(s.pointStyle);
+
+	if (s.scissor != cur.scissor || (s.scissor && !(s.scissorBox == cur.scissorBox)))
+	{
+		if (s.scissor)
+			setScissor(s.scissorBox.x, s.scissorBox.y, s.scissorBox.w, s.scissorBox.h);
+		else
+			setScissor();
+	}
+
+	setFont(s.font);
+	setShader(s.shader);
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < s.canvases.size() && i < cur.canvases.size(); i++)
+	{
+		if (s.canvases[i] != cur.canvases[i])
+		{
+			setCanvas(s.canvases);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+	{
+		if (s.colorMask[i] != cur.colorMask[i])
+		{
+			setColorMask(s.colorMask);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (s.wireframe != cur.wireframe)
+		setWireframe(s.wireframe);
+}
+
 void Graphics::setViewportSize(int width, int height)
 {
 	this->width = width;
@@ -138,8 +170,8 @@ void Graphics::setViewportSize(int width, int height)
 
 	// We want to affect the main screen, not any Canvas that's currently active
 	// (not that any *should* be active when this is called.)
-	Canvas *c = Canvas::current;
-	Canvas::bindDefaultCanvas();
+	std::vector<Canvas *> canvases = getCanvas();
+	setCanvas();
 
 	// Set the viewport to top-left corner.
 	gl.setViewport(OpenGL::Viewport(0, 0, width, height));
@@ -148,18 +180,11 @@ void Graphics::setViewportSize(int width, int height)
 	// made aware of the new system viewport size.
 	Canvas::systemViewport = gl.getViewport();
 
-	// Reset the projection matrix
-	glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
-	glLoadIdentity();
-
-	// Set up orthographic view (no depth)
-	glOrtho(0.0, width, height, 0.0, -1.0, 1.0);
-
-	glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
+	// Set up the projection matrix
+	gl.matrices.projection.back() = Matrix::ortho(0.0, width, height, 0.0);
 
 	// Restore the previously active Canvas.
-	if (c != nullptr)
-		c->startGrab(c->getAttachedCanvases());
+	setCanvas(canvases);
 }
 
 bool Graphics::setMode(int width, int height, bool &sRGB)
@@ -182,7 +207,8 @@ bool Graphics::setMode(int width, int height, bool &sRGB)
 	glEnable(GL_BLEND);
 
 	// Enable all color component writes.
-	setColorMask(true, true, true, true);
+	bool colormask[] = {true, true, true, true};
+	setColorMask(colormask);
 
 	// Enable line/point smoothing.
 	setLineStyle(LINE_SMOOTH);
@@ -197,28 +223,9 @@ bool Graphics::setMode(int width, int height, bool &sRGB)
 	glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
 	gl.setTextureUnit(0);
 
-	// Reset modelview matrix
-	glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
-	glLoadIdentity();
-
 	// Set pixel row alignment
 	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
 
-	// Reload all volatile objects.
-	if (!Volatile::loadAll())
-		std::cerr << "Could not reload all volatile objects." << std::endl;
-
-	// Restore the display state.
-	restoreState(savedState);
-	pixel_size_stack.clear();
-	pixel_size_stack.reserve(5);
-	pixel_size_stack.push_back(1);
-
-	// Get the maximum number of matrices
-	// subtract a few to give the engine some room.
-	glGetIntegerv(GL_MAX_MODELVIEW_STACK_DEPTH, &matrixLimit);
-	matrixLimit -= 5;
-
 	// Set whether drawing converts input from linear -> sRGB colorspace.
 	if (GLEE_VERSION_3_0 || GLEE_ARB_framebuffer_sRGB || GLEE_EXT_framebuffer_sRGB)
 	{
@@ -244,6 +251,17 @@ bool Graphics::setMode(int width, int height, bool &sRGB)
 
 	setDebug(enabledebug);
 
+	// Reload all volatile objects.
+	if (!Volatile::loadAll())
+		std::cerr << "Could not reload all volatile objects." << std::endl;
+
+	// Restore the graphics state.
+	restoreState(states.back());
+
+	pixel_size_stack.clear();
+	pixel_size_stack.reserve(5);
+	pixel_size_stack.push_back(1);
+
 	return true;
 }
 
@@ -252,9 +270,6 @@ void Graphics::unSetMode()
 	if (!isCreated())
 		return;
 
-	// Window re-creation may destroy the GL context, so we must save the state.
-	savedState = saveState();
-
 	// Unload all volatile objects. These must be reloaded after the display
 	// mode change.
 	Volatile::unloadAll();
@@ -323,8 +338,6 @@ void Graphics::reset()
 {
 	DisplayState s;
 	discardStencil();
-	Canvas::bindDefaultCanvas();
-	Shader::detach();
 	origin();
 	restoreState(s);
 }
@@ -356,13 +369,18 @@ bool Graphics::isCreated() const
 
 void Graphics::setScissor(int x, int y, int width, int height)
 {
+	OpenGL::Viewport box(x, y, width, height);
+
+	states.back().scissor = true;
 	glEnable(GL_SCISSOR_TEST);
 	// OpenGL's reversed y-coordinate is compensated for in OpenGL::setScissor.
-	gl.setScissor(OpenGL::Viewport(x, y, width, height));
+	gl.setScissor(box);
+	states.back().scissorBox = box;
 }
 
 void Graphics::setScissor()
 {
+	states.back().scissor = false;
 	glDisable(GL_SCISSOR_TEST);
 }
 
@@ -375,7 +393,7 @@ bool Graphics::getScissor(int &x, int &y, int &width, int &height) const
 	width = scissor.w;
 	height = scissor.h;
 
-	return glIsEnabled(GL_SCISSOR_TEST) == GL_TRUE;
+	return states.back().scissor;
 }
 
 void Graphics::defineStencil()
@@ -399,7 +417,7 @@ void Graphics::useStencil(bool invert)
 {
 	glStencilFunc(GL_EQUAL, (GLint)(!invert), 1); // invert ? 0 : 1
 	glStencilOp(GL_KEEP, GL_KEEP, GL_KEEP);
-	setColorMask(colorMask[0], colorMask[1], colorMask[2], colorMask[3]);
+	setColorMask(states.back().colorMask);
 }
 
 void Graphics::discardStencil()
@@ -407,7 +425,7 @@ void Graphics::discardStencil()
 	if (!activeStencil)
 		return;
 
-	setColorMask(colorMask[0], colorMask[1], colorMask[2], colorMask[3]);
+	setColorMask(states.back().colorMask);
 	glDisable(GL_STENCIL_TEST);
 	activeStencil = false;
 }
@@ -566,65 +584,160 @@ Mesh *Graphics::newMesh(int vertexcount, Mesh::DrawMode mode)
 void Graphics::setColor(const Color &c)
 {
 	gl.setColor(c);
+	states.back().color = c;
 }
 
 Color Graphics::getColor() const
 {
-	return gl.getColor();
+	return states.back().color;
 }
 
 void Graphics::setBackgroundColor(const Color &c)
 {
 	gl.setClearColor(c);
+	states.back().backgroundColor = c;
 }
 
 Color Graphics::getBackgroundColor() const
 {
-	return gl.getClearColor();
+	return states.back().backgroundColor;
 }
 
 void Graphics::setFont(Font *font)
 {
-	Object::AutoRelease fontrelease(currentFont);
+	DisplayState &state = states.back();
 
-	currentFont = font;
+	if (font != nullptr)
+		font->retain();
 
-	if (font != 0)
-		currentFont->retain();
+	if (state.font != nullptr)
+		state.font->release();
+
+	state.font = font;
 }
 
 Font *Graphics::getFont() const
 {
-	return currentFont;
+	return states.back().font;
 }
 
-void Graphics::setColorMask(bool r, bool g, bool b, bool a)
+void Graphics::setShader(Shader *shader)
 {
-	colorMask[0] = r;
-	colorMask[1] = g;
-	colorMask[2] = b;
-	colorMask[3] = a;
+	if (shader == nullptr)
+		return setShader();
 
-	glColorMask((GLboolean) r, (GLboolean) g, (GLboolean) b, (GLboolean) a);
+	DisplayState &state = states.back();
+
+	shader->attach();
+
+	if (shader)
+		shader->retain();
+
+	if (state.shader)
+		state.shader->release();
+
+	state.shader = shader;
+}
+
+void Graphics::setShader()
+{
+	DisplayState &state = states.back();
+
+	Shader::detach();
+
+	if (state.shader)
+		state.shader->release();
+
+	state.shader = nullptr;
+}
+
+Shader *Graphics::getShader() const
+{
+	return states.back().shader;
+}
+
+void Graphics::setCanvas(Canvas *canvas)
+{
+	if (canvas == nullptr)
+		return setCanvas();
+
+	DisplayState &state = states.back();
+
+	canvas->startGrab();
+
+	canvas->retain();
+
+	for (Canvas *c : state.canvases)
+		c->release();
+
+	state.canvases.clear();
+	state.canvases.push_back(canvas);
+}
+
+void Graphics::setCanvas(const std::vector<Canvas *> &canvases)
+{
+	if (canvases.size() == 0)
+		return setCanvas();
+	else if (canvases.size() == 1)
+		return setCanvas(canvases[0]);
+
+	DisplayState &state = states.back();
+
+	auto attachments = std::vector<Canvas *>(canvases.begin() + 1, canvases.end());
+	canvases[0]->startGrab(attachments);
+
+	for (Canvas *c : canvases)
+		c->retain();
+
+	for (Canvas *c : state.canvases)
+		c->release();
+
+	state.canvases = canvases;
+}
+
+void Graphics::setCanvas()
+{
+	DisplayState &state = states.back();
+
+	if (Canvas::current != nullptr)
+		Canvas::current->stopGrab();
+
+	for (Canvas *c : state.canvases)
+		c->release();
+
+	state.canvases.clear();
+}
+
+std::vector<Canvas *> Graphics::getCanvas() const
+{
+	return states.back().canvases;
+}
+
+void Graphics::setColorMask(const bool mask[4])
+{
+	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+		states.back().colorMask[i] = mask[i];
+
+	glColorMask(mask[0], mask[1], mask[2], mask[3]);
 }
 
 const bool *Graphics::getColorMask() const
 {
-	return colorMask;
+	return states.back().colorMask;
 }
 
 void Graphics::setBlendMode(Graphics::BlendMode mode)
 {
-	OpenGL::BlendState state = {GL_ONE, GL_ONE, GL_ZERO, GL_ZERO, GL_FUNC_ADD};
+	OpenGL::BlendState blend = {GL_ONE, GL_ONE, GL_ZERO, GL_ZERO, GL_FUNC_ADD};
 
 	switch (mode)
 	{
 	case BLEND_ALPHA:
 		if (GLEE_VERSION_1_4 || GLEE_EXT_blend_func_separate)
 		{
-			state.srcRGB = GL_SRC_ALPHA;
-			state.srcA = GL_ONE;
-			state.dstRGB = state.dstA = GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA;
+			blend.srcRGB = GL_SRC_ALPHA;
+			blend.srcA = GL_ONE;
+			blend.dstRGB = blend.dstA = GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA;
 		}
 		else
 		{
@@ -632,65 +745,42 @@ void Graphics::setBlendMode(Graphics::BlendMode mode)
 			// This will most likely only be used for the Microsoft software renderer and
 			// since it's still stuck with OpenGL 1.1, the only expected difference is a
 			// different alpha value when reading back the default framebuffer (newScreenshot).
-			state.srcRGB = state.srcA = GL_SRC_ALPHA;
-			state.dstRGB = state.dstA = GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA;
+			blend.srcRGB = blend.srcA = GL_SRC_ALPHA;
+			blend.dstRGB = blend.dstA = GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA;
 		}
 		break;
 	case BLEND_MULTIPLICATIVE:
-		state.srcRGB = state.srcA = GL_DST_COLOR;
-		state.dstRGB = state.dstA = GL_ZERO;
+		blend.srcRGB = blend.srcA = GL_DST_COLOR;
+		blend.dstRGB = blend.dstA = GL_ZERO;
 		break;
 	case BLEND_PREMULTIPLIED:
-		state.srcRGB = state.srcA = GL_ONE;
-		state.dstRGB = state.dstA = GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA;
+		blend.srcRGB = blend.srcA = GL_ONE;
+		blend.dstRGB = blend.dstA = GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA;
 		break;
 	case BLEND_SUBTRACTIVE:
-		state.func = GL_FUNC_REVERSE_SUBTRACT;
+		blend.func = GL_FUNC_REVERSE_SUBTRACT;
 	case BLEND_ADDITIVE:
-		state.srcRGB = state.srcA = GL_SRC_ALPHA;
-		state.dstRGB = state.dstA = GL_ONE;
+		blend.srcRGB = blend.srcA = GL_SRC_ALPHA;
+		blend.dstRGB = blend.dstA = GL_ONE;
 		break;
 	case BLEND_SCREEN:
-		state.srcRGB = state.srcA = GL_ONE;
-		state.dstRGB = state.dstA = GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR;
+		blend.srcRGB = blend.srcA = GL_ONE;
+		blend.dstRGB = blend.dstA = GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR;
 		break;
 	case BLEND_REPLACE:
 	default:
-		state.srcRGB = state.srcA = GL_ONE;
-		state.dstRGB = state.dstA = GL_ZERO;
+		blend.srcRGB = blend.srcA = GL_ONE;
+		blend.dstRGB = blend.dstA = GL_ZERO;
 		break;
 	}
 
-	gl.setBlendState(state);
+	gl.setBlendState(blend);
+	states.back().blendMode = mode;
 }
 
 Graphics::BlendMode Graphics::getBlendMode() const
 {
-	OpenGL::BlendState state = gl.getBlendState();
-
-	if (state.func == GL_FUNC_REVERSE_SUBTRACT)  // && src == GL_SRC_ALPHA && dst == GL_ONE
-		return BLEND_SUBTRACTIVE;
-	// Everything else has equation == GL_FUNC_ADD.
-	else if (state.srcRGB == state.srcA && state.dstRGB == state.dstA)
-	{
-		if (state.srcRGB == GL_SRC_ALPHA && state.dstRGB == GL_ONE)
-			return BLEND_ADDITIVE;
-		else if (state.srcRGB == GL_SRC_ALPHA && state.dstRGB == GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA)
-			return BLEND_ALPHA; // alpha blend mode fallback for very old OpenGL versions.
-		else if (state.srcRGB == GL_DST_COLOR && state.dstRGB == GL_ZERO)
-			return BLEND_MULTIPLICATIVE;
-		else if (state.srcRGB == GL_ONE && state.dstRGB == GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA)
-			return BLEND_PREMULTIPLIED;
-		else if (state.srcRGB == GL_ONE && state.dstRGB == GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR)
-			return BLEND_SCREEN;
-		else if (state.srcRGB == GL_ONE && state.dstRGB == GL_ZERO)
-			return BLEND_REPLACE;
-	}
-	else if (state.srcRGB == GL_SRC_ALPHA && state.srcA == GL_ONE &&
-		state.dstRGB == GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA && state.dstA == GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA)
-		return BLEND_ALPHA;
-
-	throw Exception("Unknown blend mode");
+	return states.back().blendMode;
 }
 
 void Graphics::setDefaultFilter(const Texture::Filter &f)
@@ -717,37 +807,38 @@ void Graphics::getDefaultMipmapFilter(Texture::FilterMode *filter, float *sharpn
 
 void Graphics::setLineWidth(float width)
 {
-	lineWidth = width;
+	states.back().lineWidth = width;
 }
 
 void Graphics::setLineStyle(Graphics::LineStyle style)
 {
-	lineStyle = style;
+	states.back().lineStyle = style;
 }
 
 void Graphics::setLineJoin(Graphics::LineJoin join)
 {
-	lineJoin = join;
+	states.back().lineJoin = join;
 }
 
 float Graphics::getLineWidth() const
 {
-	return lineWidth;
+	return states.back().lineWidth;
 }
 
 Graphics::LineStyle Graphics::getLineStyle() const
 {
-	return lineStyle;
+	return states.back().lineStyle;
 }
 
 Graphics::LineJoin Graphics::getLineJoin() const
 {
-	return lineJoin;
+	return states.back().lineJoin;
 }
 
 void Graphics::setPointSize(float size)
 {
-	glPointSize((GLfloat)size);
+	glPointSize(size);
+	states.back().pointSize = size;
 }
 
 void Graphics::setPointStyle(Graphics::PointStyle style)
@@ -756,43 +847,44 @@ void Graphics::setPointStyle(Graphics::PointStyle style)
 		glEnable(GL_POINT_SMOOTH);
 	else // love::POINT_ROUGH
 		glDisable(GL_POINT_SMOOTH);
+
+	states.back().pointStyle = style;
 }
 
 float Graphics::getPointSize() const
 {
-	GLfloat size;
-	glGetFloatv(GL_POINT_SIZE, &size);
-	return (float)size;
+	return states.back().pointSize;
 }
 
 Graphics::PointStyle Graphics::getPointStyle() const
 {
-	if (glIsEnabled(GL_POINT_SMOOTH) == GL_TRUE)
-		return POINT_SMOOTH;
-	else
-		return POINT_ROUGH;
+	return states.back().pointStyle;
 }
 
 void Graphics::setWireframe(bool enable)
 {
-	wireframe = enable;
 	glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, enable ? GL_LINE : GL_FILL);
+	states.back().wireframe = enable;
 }
 
 bool Graphics::isWireframe() const
 {
-	return wireframe;
+	return states.back().wireframe;
 }
 
 void Graphics::print(const std::string &str, float x, float y , float angle, float sx, float sy, float ox, float oy, float kx, float ky)
 {
-	if (currentFont != nullptr)
-		currentFont->print(str, x, y, 0.0, angle, sx, sy, ox, oy, kx, ky);
+	DisplayState &state = states.back();
+
+	if (state.font != nullptr)
+		state.font->print(str, x, y, 0.0, angle, sx, sy, ox, oy, kx, ky);
 }
 
 void Graphics::printf(const std::string &str, float x, float y, float wrap, AlignMode align, float angle, float sx, float sy, float ox, float oy, float kx, float ky)
 {
-	if (currentFont == nullptr)
+	DisplayState &state = states.back();
+
+	if (state.font == nullptr)
 		return;
 
 	if (wrap < 0.0f)
@@ -804,59 +896,49 @@ void Graphics::printf(const std::string &str, float x, float y, float wrap, Alig
 	// wrappedlines indicates which lines were automatically wrapped. It's
 	// guaranteed to have the same number of elements as lines_to_draw.
 	vector<bool> wrappedlines;
-	vector<string> lines_to_draw = currentFont->getWrap(str, wrap, 0, &wrappedlines);
-
-	glPushMatrix();
+	vector<string> lines_to_draw = state.font->getWrap(str, wrap, 0, &wrappedlines);
 
 	static Matrix t;
 	t.setTransformation(ceilf(x), ceilf(y), angle, sx, sy, ox, oy, kx, ky);
-	glMultMatrixf((const GLfloat *)t.getElements());
+
+	OpenGL::TempTransform transform(gl);
+	transform.get() *= t;
 
 	x = y = 0.0f;
 
-	try
-	{
-		// now for the actual printing
-		vector<string>::const_iterator line_iter, line_end = lines_to_draw.end();
-		float extra_spacing = 0.0f;
-		int num_spaces = 0;
-		int i = 0;
+	// now for the actual printing
+	vector<string>::const_iterator line_iter, line_end = lines_to_draw.end();
+	float extra_spacing = 0.0f;
+	int num_spaces = 0;
+	int i = 0;
 
-		for (line_iter = lines_to_draw.begin(); line_iter != line_end; ++line_iter)
+	for (line_iter = lines_to_draw.begin(); line_iter != line_end; ++line_iter)
+	{
+		float width = static_cast<float>(state.font->getWidth(*line_iter));
+		switch (align)
 		{
-			float width = static_cast<float>(currentFont->getWidth(*line_iter));
-			switch (align)
-			{
-			case ALIGN_RIGHT:
-				currentFont->print(*line_iter, ceilf(x + (wrap - width)), ceilf(y), 0.0f);
-				break;
-			case ALIGN_CENTER:
-				currentFont->print(*line_iter, ceilf(x + (wrap - width) / 2), ceilf(y), 0.0f);
-				break;
-			case ALIGN_JUSTIFY:
-				num_spaces = std::count(line_iter->begin(), line_iter->end(), ' ');
-				if (wrappedlines[i] && num_spaces >= 1)
-					extra_spacing = (wrap - width) / float(num_spaces);
-				else
-					extra_spacing = 0.0f;
-				currentFont->print(*line_iter, ceilf(x), ceilf(y), extra_spacing);
-				break;
-			case ALIGN_LEFT:
-			default:
-				currentFont->print(*line_iter, ceilf(x), ceilf(y), 0.0f);
-				break;
-			}
-			y += currentFont->getHeight() * currentFont->getLineHeight();
-			i++;
+		case ALIGN_RIGHT:
+			state.font->print(*line_iter, ceilf(x + (wrap - width)), ceilf(y), 0.0f);
+			break;
+		case ALIGN_CENTER:
+			state.font->print(*line_iter, ceilf(x + (wrap - width) / 2), ceilf(y), 0.0f);
+			break;
+		case ALIGN_JUSTIFY:
+			num_spaces = std::count(line_iter->begin(), line_iter->end(), ' ');
+			if (wrappedlines[i] && num_spaces >= 1)
+				extra_spacing = (wrap - width) / float(num_spaces);
+			else
+				extra_spacing = 0.0f;
+			state.font->print(*line_iter, ceilf(x), ceilf(y), extra_spacing);
+			break;
+		case ALIGN_LEFT:
+		default:
+			state.font->print(*line_iter, ceilf(x), ceilf(y), 0.0f);
+			break;
 		}
+		y += state.font->getHeight() * state.font->getLineHeight();
+		i++;
 	}
-	catch (love::Exception &)
-	{
-		glPopMatrix();
-		throw;
-	}
-
-	glPopMatrix();
 }
 
 /**
@@ -874,22 +956,24 @@ void Graphics::point(float x, float y)
 
 void Graphics::polyline(const float *coords, size_t count)
 {
-	if (lineJoin == LINE_JOIN_NONE)
+	DisplayState &state = states.back();
+
+	if (state.lineJoin == LINE_JOIN_NONE)
 	{
 			NoneJoinPolyline line;
-			line.render(coords, count, lineWidth * .5f, float(pixel_size_stack.back()), lineStyle == LINE_SMOOTH);
+			line.render(coords, count, state.lineWidth * .5f, float(pixel_size_stack.back()), state.lineStyle == LINE_SMOOTH);
 			line.draw();
 	}
-	else if (lineJoin == LINE_JOIN_BEVEL)
+	else if (state.lineJoin == LINE_JOIN_BEVEL)
 	{
 		BevelJoinPolyline line;
-		line.render(coords, count, lineWidth * .5f, float(pixel_size_stack.back()), lineStyle == LINE_SMOOTH);
+		line.render(coords, count, state.lineWidth * .5f, float(pixel_size_stack.back()), state.lineStyle == LINE_SMOOTH);
 		line.draw();
 	}
 	else // LINE_JOIN_MITER
 	{
 		MiterJoinPolyline line;
-		line.render(coords, count, lineWidth * .5f, float(pixel_size_stack.back()), lineStyle == LINE_SMOOTH);
+		line.render(coords, count, state.lineWidth * .5f, float(pixel_size_stack.back()), state.lineStyle == LINE_SMOOTH);
 		line.draw();
 	}
 }
@@ -996,9 +1080,8 @@ love::image::ImageData *Graphics::newScreenshot(love::image::Image *image, bool
 {
 	// Temporarily unbind the currently active canvas (glReadPixels reads the
 	// active framebuffer, not the main one.)
-	Canvas *curcanvas = Canvas::current;
-	if (curcanvas)
-		Canvas::bindDefaultCanvas();
+	std::vector<Canvas *> canvases = getCanvas();
+	setCanvas();
 
 	int w = getWidth();
 	int h = getHeight();
@@ -1019,8 +1102,7 @@ love::image::ImageData *Graphics::newScreenshot(love::image::Image *image, bool
 	{
 		delete[] pixels;
 		delete[] screenshot;
-		if (curcanvas)
-			curcanvas->startGrab(curcanvas->getAttachedCanvases());
+		setCanvas(canvases);
 		throw love::Exception("Out of memory.");
 	}
 
@@ -1052,14 +1134,12 @@ love::image::ImageData *Graphics::newScreenshot(love::image::Image *image, bool
 	catch (love::Exception &)
 	{
 		delete[] screenshot;
-		if (curcanvas)
-			curcanvas->startGrab(curcanvas->getAttachedCanvases());
+		setCanvas(canvases);
 		throw;
 	}
 
 	// Re-bind the active canvas, if necessary.
-	if (curcanvas)
-		curcanvas->startGrab(curcanvas->getAttachedCanvases());
+	setCanvas(canvases);
 
 	return img;
 }
@@ -1157,53 +1237,177 @@ bool Graphics::isSupported(Support feature) const
 	}
 }
 
-void Graphics::push()
+void Graphics::push(StackType type)
 {
-	if (userMatrices == matrixLimit)
-		throw Exception("Maximum stack depth reached. (More pushes than pops?)");
-	glPushMatrix();
-	++userMatrices;
+	if (stackTypes.size() == MAX_USER_STACK_DEPTH)
+		throw Exception("Maximum stack depth reached (more pushes than pops?)");
+
+	gl.pushTransform();
+
 	pixel_size_stack.push_back(pixel_size_stack.back());
+
+	if (type == STACK_ALL)
+		states.push_back(states.back());
+
+	stackTypes.push_back(type);
 }
 
 void Graphics::pop()
 {
-	if (userMatrices < 1)
-		throw Exception("Minimum stack depth reached. (More pops than pushes?)");
-	glPopMatrix();
-	--userMatrices;
+	if (stackTypes.size() < 1)
+		throw Exception("Minimum stack depth reached (more pops than pushes?)");
+
+	gl.popTransform();
 	pixel_size_stack.pop_back();
+
+	if (stackTypes.back() == STACK_ALL)
+	{
+		DisplayState &newstate = states[states.size() - 2];
+
+		// Hack: the Lua-facing love.graphics.print function will set the current
+		// font if needed, but only on its first call... we always want a font.
+		if (newstate.font == nullptr)
+		{
+			newstate.font = states.back().font;
+			if (newstate.font != nullptr)
+				newstate.font->retain();
+		}
+
+		restoreStateChecked(newstate);
+
+		// The last two states in the stack should be equal now.
+		states.pop_back();
+	}
+
+	stackTypes.pop_back();
 }
 
 void Graphics::rotate(float r)
 {
-	glRotatef(LOVE_TODEG(r), 0, 0, 1);
+	gl.getTransform().rotate(r);
 }
 
 void Graphics::scale(float x, float y)
 {
-	glScalef(x, y, 1);
+	gl.getTransform().scale(x, y);
 	pixel_size_stack.back() *= 2. / (fabs(x) + fabs(y));
 }
 
 void Graphics::translate(float x, float y)
 {
-	glTranslatef(x, y, 0);
+	gl.getTransform().translate(x, y);
 }
 
 void Graphics::shear(float kx, float ky)
 {
-	Matrix t;
-	t.setShear(kx, ky);
-	glMultMatrixf((const GLfloat *)t.getElements());
+	gl.getTransform().setShear(kx, ky);
 }
 
 void Graphics::origin()
 {
-	glLoadIdentity();
+	gl.getTransform().setIdentity();
 	pixel_size_stack.back() = 1;
 }
 
+Graphics::DisplayState::DisplayState()
+	: color(255, 255, 255, 255)
+	, backgroundColor(0, 0, 0, 255)
+	, blendMode(BLEND_ALPHA)
+	, lineWidth(1.0f)
+	, lineStyle(LINE_SMOOTH)
+	, lineJoin(LINE_JOIN_MITER)
+	, pointSize(1.0f)
+	, pointStyle(POINT_SMOOTH)
+	, scissor(false)
+	, scissorBox()
+	, font(nullptr)
+	, shader(nullptr)
+	, colorMask{true, true, true, true}
+	, wireframe(false)
+{
+}
+
+Graphics::DisplayState::DisplayState(const DisplayState &other)
+	: color(other.color)
+	, backgroundColor(other.backgroundColor)
+	, blendMode(other.blendMode)
+	, lineWidth(other.lineWidth)
+	, lineStyle(other.lineStyle)
+	, lineJoin(other.lineJoin)
+	, pointSize(other.pointSize)
+	, pointStyle(other.pointStyle)
+	, scissor(other.scissor)
+	, scissorBox(other.scissorBox)
+	, font(other.font)
+	, shader(other.shader)
+	, canvases(other.canvases)
+	, wireframe(other.wireframe)
+{
+	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+		colorMask[i] = other.colorMask[i];
+
+	if (font)
+		font->retain();
+
+	if (shader)
+		shader->retain();
+
+	for (Canvas *c : canvases)
+		c->retain();
+}
+
+Graphics::DisplayState::~DisplayState()
+{
+	for (Canvas *c : canvases)
+		c->release();
+
+	if (shader)
+		shader->release();
+
+	if (font)
+		font->release();
+}
+
+Graphics::DisplayState &Graphics::DisplayState::operator = (const DisplayState &other)
+{
+	color = other.color;
+	backgroundColor = other.backgroundColor;
+	blendMode = other.blendMode;
+	lineWidth = other.lineWidth;
+	lineStyle = other.lineStyle;
+	lineJoin = other.lineJoin;
+	pointSize = other.pointSize;
+	pointStyle = other.pointStyle;
+	scissor = other.scissor;
+	scissorBox = other.scissorBox;
+
+	Object::AutoRelease fontrelease(font);
+
+	font = other.font;
+	if (font)
+		font->retain();
+
+	Object::AutoRelease shaderrelease(shader);
+
+	shader = other.shader;
+	if (shader)
+		shader->retain();
+
+	for (Canvas *c : other.canvases)
+		c->retain();
+	for (Canvas *c : canvases)
+		c->release();
+
+	canvases = other.canvases;
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+		colorMask[i] = other.colorMask[i];
+
+	wireframe = other.wireframe;
+
+	return *this;
+}
+
 } // opengl
 } // graphics
 } // love
diff --git a/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Graphics.h b/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Graphics.h
index bad07f0d9..bb52b2b6d 100644
--- a/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Graphics.h
+++ b/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Graphics.h
@@ -57,48 +57,7 @@ namespace opengl
 // During display mode changing, certain
 // variables about the OpenGL context are
 // lost.
-struct DisplayState
-{
-	// Colors.
-	Color color;
-	Color backgroundColor;
 
-	// Blend mode.
-	Graphics::BlendMode blendMode;
-
-	// Line.
-	Graphics::LineStyle lineStyle;
-	Graphics::LineJoin lineJoin;
-
-	// Point.
-	float pointSize;
-	Graphics::PointStyle pointStyle;
-
-	// Scissor.
-	bool scissor;
-	OpenGL::Viewport scissorBox;
-
-	// Color mask.
-	bool colorMask[4];
-
-	bool wireframe;
-
-	// Default values.
-	DisplayState()
-	{
-		color.set(255,255,255,255);
-		backgroundColor.set(0, 0, 0, 255);
-		blendMode = Graphics::BLEND_ALPHA;
-		lineStyle = Graphics::LINE_SMOOTH;
-		lineJoin  = Graphics::LINE_JOIN_MITER;
-		pointSize = 1.0f;
-		pointStyle = Graphics::POINT_SMOOTH;
-		scissor = false;
-		colorMask[0] = colorMask[1] = colorMask[2] = colorMask[3] = true;
-		wireframe = false;
-	}
-
-};
 
 class Graphics : public love::graphics::Graphics
 {
@@ -110,10 +69,6 @@ public:
 	// Implements Module.
 	const char *getName() const;
 
-	DisplayState saveState();
-
-	void restoreState(const DisplayState &s);
-
 	virtual void setViewportSize(int width, int height);
 	virtual bool setMode(int width, int height, bool &sRGB);
 	virtual void unSetMode();
@@ -246,10 +201,21 @@ public:
 	 **/
 	Font *getFont() const;
 
+	void setShader(Shader *shader);
+	void setShader();
+
+	Shader *getShader() const;
+
+	void setCanvas(Canvas *canvas);
+	void setCanvas(const std::vector<Canvas *> &canvases);
+	void setCanvas();
+
+	std::vector<Canvas *> getCanvas() const;
+
 	/**
 	 * Sets the enabled color components when rendering.
 	 **/
-	void setColorMask(bool r, bool g, bool b, bool a);
+	void setColorMask(const bool mask[4]);
 
 	/**
 	 * Gets the current color mask.
@@ -460,8 +426,9 @@ public:
 	 **/
 	bool isSupported(Support feature) const;
 
-	void push();
+	void push(StackType type = STACK_TRANSFORM);
 	void pop();
+
 	void rotate(float r);
 	void scale(float x, float y = 1.0f);
 	void translate(float x, float y);
@@ -470,17 +437,50 @@ public:
 
 private:
 
-	Font *currentFont;
+	struct DisplayState
+	{
+		// Colors.
+		Color color;
+		Color backgroundColor;
+
+		// Blend mode.
+		BlendMode blendMode;
+
+		// Line.
+		float lineWidth;
+		LineStyle lineStyle;
+		LineJoin lineJoin;
+
+		// Point.
+		float pointSize;
+		PointStyle pointStyle;
+
+		// Scissor.
+		bool scissor;
+		OpenGL::Viewport scissorBox;
+
+		Font *font;
+		Shader *shader;
+		std::vector<Canvas *> canvases;
+
+		// Color mask.
+		bool colorMask[4];
+
+		bool wireframe;
+
+		DisplayState();
+		DisplayState(const DisplayState &other);
+		~DisplayState();
+
+		DisplayState &operator = (const DisplayState &other);
+	};
+
+	void restoreState(const DisplayState &s);
+	void restoreStateChecked(const DisplayState &s);
+
 	love::window::Window *currentWindow;
 
 	std::vector<double> pixel_size_stack; // stores current size of a pixel (needed for line drawing)
-	LineStyle lineStyle;
-	LineJoin lineJoin;
-	float lineWidth;
-	GLint matrixLimit;
-	GLint userMatrices;
-	bool colorMask[4];
-	bool wireframe;
 
 	int width;
 	int height;
@@ -488,7 +488,10 @@ private:
 
 	bool activeStencil;
 
-	DisplayState savedState;
+	std::vector<DisplayState> states;
+	std::vector<StackType> stackTypes; // Keeps track of the pushed stack types.
+
+	static const size_t MAX_USER_STACK_DEPTH = 64;
 
 }; // Graphics
 
diff --git a/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Image.cpp b/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Image.cpp
index 2651e2292..7fdbe9886 100644
--- a/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Image.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Image.cpp
@@ -526,12 +526,11 @@ void Image::uploadDefaultTexture()
 
 void Image::drawv(const Matrix &t, const Vertex *v)
 {
+	OpenGL::TempTransform transform(gl);
+	transform.get() *= t;
+
 	predraw();
 
-	glPushMatrix();
-
-	glMultMatrixf((const GLfloat *)t.getElements());
-
 	glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
 	glEnableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
 
@@ -544,8 +543,6 @@ void Image::drawv(const Matrix &t, const Vertex *v)
 	glDisableClientState(GL_TEXTURE_COORD_ARRAY);
 	glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
 
-	glPopMatrix();
-
 	postdraw();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Mesh.cpp b/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Mesh.cpp
index ec79b4b2c..467b7af2c 100644
--- a/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Mesh.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Mesh.cpp
@@ -342,8 +342,8 @@ void Mesh::draw(float x, float y, float angle, float sx, float sy, float ox, flo
 	Matrix m;
 	m.setTransformation(x, y, angle, sx, sy, ox, oy, kx, ky);
 
-	glPushMatrix();
-	glMultMatrixf(m.getElements());
+	OpenGL::TempTransform transform(gl);
+	transform.get() *= m;
 
 	VertexBuffer::Bind vbo_bind(*vbo);
 
@@ -412,8 +412,6 @@ void Mesh::draw(float x, float y, float angle, float sx, float sy, float ox, flo
 		gl.setColor(gl.getColor());
 	}
 
-	glPopMatrix();
-
 	if (texture)
 		texture->postdraw();
 }
diff --git a/src/modules/graphics/opengl/OpenGL.cpp b/src/modules/graphics/opengl/OpenGL.cpp
index fea9ca877..6798b0b00 100644
--- a/src/modules/graphics/opengl/OpenGL.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/graphics/opengl/OpenGL.cpp
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 
 // C++
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <limits>
 
 // C
 #include <cstring>
@@ -47,6 +48,8 @@ OpenGL::OpenGL()
 	, vendor(VENDOR_UNKNOWN)
 	, state()
 {
+	matrices.transform.reserve(10);
+	matrices.projection.reserve(2);
 }
 
 void OpenGL::initContext()
@@ -56,6 +59,7 @@ void OpenGL::initContext()
 
 	initOpenGLFunctions();
 	initVendor();
+	initMatrices();
 
 	// Store the current color so we don't have to get it through GL later.
 	GLfloat glcolor[4];
@@ -119,6 +123,13 @@ void OpenGL::initContext()
 
 	state.lastPseudoInstanceID = -1;
 
+	// Invalidate the cached matrices by setting some elements to NaN.
+	float nan = std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN();
+	state.lastProjectionMatrix.setTranslation(nan, nan);
+	state.lastTransformMatrix.setTranslation(nan, nan);
+
+	glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
+
 	contextInitialized = true;
 }
 
@@ -209,6 +220,15 @@ void OpenGL::initMaxValues()
 		maxRenderTargets = 0;
 }
 
+void OpenGL::initMatrices()
+{
+	matrices.transform.clear();
+	matrices.projection.clear();
+
+	matrices.transform.push_back(Matrix());
+	matrices.projection.push_back(Matrix());
+}
+
 void OpenGL::createDefaultTexture()
 {
 	// Set the 'default' texture (id 0) as a repeating white pixel. Otherwise,
@@ -231,6 +251,21 @@ void OpenGL::createDefaultTexture()
 	bindTexture(curtexture);
 }
 
+void OpenGL::pushTransform()
+{
+	matrices.transform.push_back(matrices.transform.back());
+}
+
+void OpenGL::popTransform()
+{
+	matrices.transform.pop_back();
+}
+
+Matrix &OpenGL::getTransform()
+{
+	return matrices.transform.back();
+}
+
 void OpenGL::prepareDraw()
 {
 	Shader *shader = Shader::current;
@@ -251,15 +286,37 @@ void OpenGL::prepareDraw()
 		// We need to make sure antialiased Canvases are properly resolved
 		// before sampling from their textures in a shader.
 		// This is kind of a big hack. :(
-		const std::map<std::string, Object *> &r = shader->getBoundRetainables();
-		for (auto it = r.begin(); it != r.end(); ++it)
+		for (auto &r : shader->getBoundRetainables())
 		{
 			// Even bigger hack! D:
-			Canvas *canvas = dynamic_cast<Canvas *>(it->second);
+			Canvas *canvas = dynamic_cast<Canvas *>(r.second);
 			if (canvas != nullptr)
 				canvas->resolveMSAA();
 		}
 	}
+
+	const float *curproj = matrices.projection.back().getElements();
+	const float *lastproj = state.lastProjectionMatrix.getElements();
+
+	// We only need to re-upload the projection matrix if it's changed.
+	if (memcmp(curproj, lastproj, sizeof(float) * 16) != 0)
+	{
+		glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
+		glLoadMatrixf(curproj);
+		glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
+
+		state.lastProjectionMatrix = matrices.projection.back();
+	}
+
+	const float *curxform = matrices.transform.back().getElements();
+	const float *lastxform = state.lastTransformMatrix.getElements();
+
+	// Same with the transform matrix.
+	if (memcmp(curxform, lastxform, sizeof(float) * 16) != 0)
+	{
+		glLoadMatrixf(curxform);
+		state.lastTransformMatrix = matrices.transform.back();
+	}
 }
 
 void OpenGL::drawArraysInstanced(GLenum mode, GLint first, GLsizei count, GLsizei primcount)
diff --git a/src/modules/graphics/opengl/OpenGL.h b/src/modules/graphics/opengl/OpenGL.h
index b912d4aac..1cc174ff3 100644
--- a/src/modules/graphics/opengl/OpenGL.h
+++ b/src/modules/graphics/opengl/OpenGL.h
@@ -26,9 +26,11 @@
 // LOVE
 #include "graphics/Color.h"
 #include "graphics/Texture.h"
+#include "common/Matrix.h"
 
 // C++
 #include <vector>
+#include <stack>
 
 // The last argument to AttribPointer takes a buffer offset casted to a pointer.
 #define BUFFER_OFFSET(i) ((char *) NULL + (i))
@@ -101,6 +103,36 @@ public:
 		GLenum func;
 	};
 
+	struct
+	{
+		std::vector<Matrix> transform;
+		std::vector<Matrix> projection;
+	} matrices;
+
+	class TempTransform
+	{
+	public:
+
+		TempTransform(OpenGL &gl)
+			: gl(gl)
+		{
+			gl.pushTransform();
+		}
+
+		~TempTransform()
+		{
+			gl.popTransform();
+		}
+
+		Matrix &get()
+		{
+			return gl.getTransform();
+		}
+
+	private:
+		OpenGL &gl;
+	};
+
 	OpenGL();
 
 	/**
@@ -116,6 +148,10 @@ public:
 	 **/
 	void deInitContext();
 
+	void pushTransform();
+	void popTransform();
+	Matrix &getTransform();
+
 	/**
 	 * Set up necessary state (LOVE-provided shader uniforms, etc.) for drawing.
 	 * This *MUST* be called directly before OpenGL drawing functions.
@@ -258,6 +294,7 @@ private:
 	void initVendor();
 	void initOpenGLFunctions();
 	void initMaxValues();
+	void initMatrices();
 	void createDefaultTexture();
 
 	bool contextInitialized;
@@ -290,6 +327,9 @@ private:
 		// The last ID value used for pseudo-instancing.
 		int lastPseudoInstanceID;
 
+		Matrix lastProjectionMatrix;
+		Matrix lastTransformMatrix;
+
 	} state;
 
 }; // OpenGL
diff --git a/src/modules/graphics/opengl/ParticleSystem.cpp b/src/modules/graphics/opengl/ParticleSystem.cpp
index 8c1dd3484..b09ff8f17 100644
--- a/src/modules/graphics/opengl/ParticleSystem.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/graphics/opengl/ParticleSystem.cpp
@@ -843,11 +843,11 @@ void ParticleSystem::draw(float x, float y, float angle, float sx, float sy, flo
 
 	Color curcolor = gl.getColor();
 
-	glPushMatrix();
-
 	static Matrix t;
 	t.setTransformation(x, y, angle, sx, sy, ox, oy, kx, ky);
-	glMultMatrixf((const GLfloat *)t.getElements());
+
+	OpenGL::TempTransform transform(gl);
+	transform.get() *= t;
 
 	const Vertex *textureVerts = texture->getVertices();
 	Vertex *pVerts = particleVerts;
@@ -901,8 +901,6 @@ void ParticleSystem::draw(float x, float y, float angle, float sx, float sy, flo
 
 	texture->postdraw();
 
-	glPopMatrix();
-
 	gl.setColor(curcolor);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Shader.cpp b/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Shader.cpp
index 6cd08ad3a..698c58bd7 100644
--- a/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Shader.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/graphics/opengl/Shader.cpp
@@ -97,8 +97,8 @@ Shader::~Shader()
 	if (current == this)
 		detach();
 
-	for (auto it = boundRetainables.begin(); it != boundRetainables.end(); ++it)
-		it->second->release();
+	for (const auto &retainable : boundRetainables)
+		retainable.second->release();
 
 	boundRetainables.clear();
 
@@ -178,9 +178,8 @@ void Shader::createProgram(const std::vector<GLuint> &shaderids)
 	if (program == 0)
 		throw love::Exception("Cannot create shader program object.");
 
-	std::vector<GLuint>::const_iterator it;
-	for (it = shaderids.begin(); it != shaderids.end(); ++it)
-		glAttachShader(program, *it);
+	for (GLuint id : shaderids)
+		glAttachShader(program, id);
 
 	// Bind generic vertex attribute indices to names in the shader.
 	for (int i = 0; i < int(OpenGL::ATTRIB_MAX_ENUM); i++)
@@ -201,8 +200,8 @@ void Shader::createProgram(const std::vector<GLuint> &shaderids)
 	glLinkProgram(program);
 
 	// flag shaders for auto-deletion when the program object is deleted.
-	for (it = shaderids.begin(); it != shaderids.end(); ++it)
-		glDeleteShader(*it);
+	for (GLuint id : shaderids)
+		glDeleteShader(id);
 
 	GLint status;
 	glGetProgramiv(program, GL_LINK_STATUS, &status);
@@ -275,10 +274,9 @@ bool Shader::loadVolatile()
 
 	std::vector<GLuint> shaderids;
 
-	ShaderSources::const_iterator source;
-	for (source = shaderSources.begin(); source != shaderSources.end(); ++source)
+	for (const auto &source : shaderSources)
 	{
-		GLuint shaderid = compileCode(source->first, source->second);
+		GLuint shaderid = compileCode(source.first, source.second);
 		shaderids.push_back(shaderid);
 	}
 
@@ -364,11 +362,10 @@ std::string Shader::getWarnings() const
 	const char *typestr;
 
 	// Get the individual shader stage warnings
-	std::map<ShaderType, std::string>::const_iterator it;
-	for (it = shaderWarnings.begin(); it != shaderWarnings.end(); ++it)
+	for (const auto &warning : shaderWarnings)
 	{
-		if (typeNames.find(it->first, typestr))
-			warnings += std::string(typestr) + std::string(" shader:\n") + it->second;
+		if (typeNames.find(warning.first, typestr))
+			warnings += std::string(typestr) + std::string(" shader:\n") + warning.second;
 	}
 
 	warnings += getProgramWarnings();
@@ -380,13 +377,9 @@ void Shader::attach(bool temporary)
 {
 	if (current != this)
 	{
-		if (current != nullptr)
-			current->release();
-
 		glUseProgram(program);
 		current = this;
-
-		current->retain();
+		// retain/release happens in Graphics::setShader.
 	}
 
 	if (!temporary)
diff --git a/src/modules/graphics/opengl/SpriteBatch.cpp b/src/modules/graphics/opengl/SpriteBatch.cpp
index b59618ee3..82f026441 100644
--- a/src/modules/graphics/opengl/SpriteBatch.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/graphics/opengl/SpriteBatch.cpp
@@ -271,11 +271,10 @@ void SpriteBatch::draw(float x, float y, float angle, float sx, float sy, float
 		return;
 
 	static Matrix t;
-
-	glPushMatrix();
-
 	t.setTransformation(x, y, angle, sx, sy, ox, oy, kx, ky);
-	glMultMatrixf((const GLfloat *)t.getElements());
+
+	OpenGL::TempTransform transform(gl);
+	transform.get() *= t;
 
 	texture->predraw();
 
@@ -314,8 +313,6 @@ void SpriteBatch::draw(float x, float y, float angle, float sx, float sy, float
 	}
 
 	texture->postdraw();
-
-	glPopMatrix();
 }
 
 void SpriteBatch::addv(const Vertex *v, int index)
diff --git a/src/modules/graphics/opengl/wrap_Canvas.cpp b/src/modules/graphics/opengl/wrap_Canvas.cpp
index 8d00e4dbe..92addd5ae 100644
--- a/src/modules/graphics/opengl/wrap_Canvas.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/graphics/opengl/wrap_Canvas.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
  **/
 
 #include "wrap_Canvas.h"
+#include "Graphics.h"
 
 namespace love
 {
@@ -37,18 +38,26 @@ int w_Canvas_renderTo(lua_State *L)
 	Canvas *canvas = luax_checkcanvas(L, 1);
 	luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TFUNCTION);
 
-	// Save the current Canvas so we can restore it when we're done.
-	Canvas *oldcanvas = Canvas::current;
+	Graphics *graphics = Module::getInstance<Graphics>(Module::M_GRAPHICS);
 
-	luax_catchexcept(L, [&](){ canvas->startGrab(); });
+	if (graphics)
+	{
+		// Save the current Canvas so we can restore it when we're done.
+		std::vector<Canvas *> oldcanvases = graphics->getCanvas();
 
-	lua_settop(L, 2); // make sure the function is on top of the stack
-	lua_call(L, 0, 0);
+		for (Canvas *c : oldcanvases)
+			c->retain();
 
-	if (oldcanvas != nullptr)
-		oldcanvas->startGrab(oldcanvas->getAttachedCanvases());
-	else
-		Canvas::bindDefaultCanvas();
+		luax_catchexcept(L, [&](){ graphics->setCanvas(canvas); });
+
+		lua_settop(L, 2); // make sure the function is on top of the stack
+		lua_call(L, 0, 0);
+
+		graphics->setCanvas(oldcanvases);
+
+		for (Canvas *c : oldcanvases)
+			c->release();
+	}
 
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/src/modules/graphics/opengl/wrap_Graphics.cpp b/src/modules/graphics/opengl/wrap_Graphics.cpp
index bd60c3b89..0a88cd2f4 100644
--- a/src/modules/graphics/opengl/wrap_Graphics.cpp
+++ b/src/modules/graphics/opengl/wrap_Graphics.cpp
@@ -651,8 +651,7 @@ int w_setColorMask(lua_State *L)
 			mask[i] = luax_toboolean(L, i + 1);
 	}
 
-	// r, g, b, a
-	instance()->setColorMask(mask[0], mask[1], mask[2], mask[3]);
+	instance()->setColorMask(mask);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -893,43 +892,35 @@ int w_setCanvas(lua_State *L)
 	instance()->discardStencil();
 
 	// called with none -> reset to default buffer
-	if (lua_isnoneornil(L,1))
+	if (lua_isnoneornil(L, 1))
 	{
-		Canvas::bindDefaultCanvas();
+		instance()->setCanvas();
 		return 0;
 	}
 
 	bool is_table = lua_istable(L, 1);
-	std::vector<Canvas *> attachments;
-
-	Canvas *canvas = 0;
+	std::vector<Canvas *> canvases;
 
 	if (is_table)
 	{
-		// grab the first canvas in the array and attach the rest
-		lua_rawgeti(L, 1, 1);
-		canvas = luax_checkcanvas(L, -1);
-		lua_pop(L, 1);
-
-		for (size_t i = 2; i <= lua_objlen(L, 1); i++)
+		for (size_t i = 1; i <= lua_objlen(L, 1); i++)
 		{
 			lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);
-			attachments.push_back(luax_checkcanvas(L, -1));
+			canvases.push_back(luax_checkcanvas(L, -1));
 			lua_pop(L, 1);
 		}
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		canvas = luax_checkcanvas(L, 1);
-		for (int i = 2; i <= lua_gettop(L); i++)
-			attachments.push_back(luax_checkcanvas(L, i));
+		for (int i = 1; i <= lua_gettop(L); i++)
+			canvases.push_back(luax_checkcanvas(L, i));
 	}
 
 	luax_catchexcept(L, [&]() {
-		if (attachments.size() > 0)
-			canvas->startGrab(attachments);
+		if (canvases.size() > 0)
+			instance()->setCanvas(canvases);
 		else
-			canvas->startGrab();
+			instance()->setCanvas();
 	});
 
 	return 0;
@@ -937,24 +928,23 @@ int w_setCanvas(lua_State *L)
 
 int w_getCanvas(lua_State *L)
 {
-	Canvas *canvas = Canvas::current;
-	int n = 1;
+	const std::vector<Canvas *> canvases = instance()->getCanvas();
+	int n = 0;
 
-	if (canvas)
+	if (!canvases.empty())
 	{
-		canvas->retain();
-		luax_pushtype(L, "Canvas", GRAPHICS_CANVAS_T, canvas);
-
-		const std::vector<Canvas *> &attachments = canvas->getAttachedCanvases();
-		for (size_t i = 0; i < attachments.size(); i++)
+		for (Canvas *c : canvases)
 		{
-			attachments[i]->retain();
-			luax_pushtype(L, "Canvas", GRAPHICS_CANVAS_T, attachments[i]);
+			c->retain();
+			luax_pushtype(L, "Canvas", GRAPHICS_CANVAS_T, c);
 			n++;
 		}
 	}
 	else
+	{
 		lua_pushnil(L);
+		n = 1;
+	}
 
 	return n;
 }
@@ -963,18 +953,18 @@ int w_setShader(lua_State *L)
 {
 	if (lua_isnoneornil(L,1))
 	{
-		Shader::detach();
+		instance()->setShader();
 		return 0;
 	}
 
 	Shader *shader = luax_checkshader(L, 1);
-	shader->attach();
+	instance()->setShader(shader);
 	return 0;
 }
 
 int w_getShader(lua_State *L)
 {
-	Shader *shader = Shader::current;
+	Shader *shader = instance()->getShader();
 	if (shader)
 	{
 		shader->retain();
@@ -1323,7 +1313,12 @@ int w_polygon(lua_State *L)
 
 int w_push(lua_State *L)
 {
-	luax_catchexcept(L, [&](){ instance()->push(); });
+	Graphics::StackType stype = Graphics::STACK_TRANSFORM;
+	const char *sname = lua_isnoneornil(L, 1) ? nullptr : luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+	if (sname && !Graphics::getConstant(sname, stype))
+		return luaL_error(L, "Invalid graphics stack type: %s", sname);
+
+	luax_catchexcept(L, [&](){ instance()->push(stype); });
 	return 0;
 }